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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF THE 


UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOLUME 47 


WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING. OFFICE 
1915 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


The scientific publications of the National Museum consist of two 
series—Proceedings and Bulletins. 

The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are 
intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers 
based on the collections of the National Museum, setting forth newly 
acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology derived there- 
from, or containing descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited 
groups. A volume is issued annually or oftener for distribution to 
libraries and scientific establishments, and, in view of the importance 
of the more prompt dissemination of new facts, a limited edition of 
each paper is printed in pamphlet form in advance. The dates at 
which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table 
of contents of the volume. 

The present volume is the forty-seventh of this series. 

The Bulletin, publication of which was begun in 1875, is a series 
of more elaborate papers, issued separately, and, like the Proceedings, 
based chiefly on the collections of the National Museum. 

A quarto form of the Bulletin, known as the “Special Bulletin,” 
has been adopted in a few instances in which a larger page was deemed 
indispensable. 

Since 1902 the volumes of the series known as ‘‘Contributions from 
the National Herbarium,’ and containing papers relation to the 
botanical collections of the Museum, have been published as Bulletins. 

RicHarp RATHBUN, 
Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, vn 
charge of the United States National Museum. 

ApRIL 26, 1915. 

II 


IAB, OF CONTENTS. 


Page. 
Bartscu, Paut. See HENDERSON, JOHN B_________...-. 411-421 


Buscx, Auacust. New genera and species of microlepidop- 
tera from Panama. No. 2043. April 30, 19141_______- 1-67 


New genera: Fortinea, Atoponeura, Beltheca, Besciva, Galtica, Aroga, 
Pavolechia, Promenesta, Hamadera, Costoma, Rhindoma, Ancipita, 
Harmaclona. 

New species: Eritarbes gutiata, Perimede annulata, Walshia albi- 
cornella, Fortinea auriciliella, Atoponeura violacea, Beltheca pico- 
lella, Besciva longitudinella, Galtica venosa, Anacampsis peculella, 
A. dorsalis, A. phytomiella, A. bistrigella, A. unistrigella, A. 
curtella, A. terrenella, Recurvaria putella, R. flavidella, Gelechia 
traducella, G. geniatella, Psoricoptera hora, Telphusa obligata, T. 
medulella, Parastega curvatella, P. trichella, Arogalea soronella, 
Dichomeris tristicta, D. costalis, D. excavata, D. perceptella, D. 
luminosa, D. cornuta, D. stellatella, Pavolechia argentea, Promen- 
esta lithochroma, P. marginella, Hamadera aurea, Costoma basi- 
rosella, Rhindoma rosapicella, Psilocorsis crucifera, Peleopoda im- 
periella, Ancipita atteria, Doxa virginia, Cryptolechia ignicolor, 
C. illuminella, C. sulphurea, C. tunicata, C. marcella, C. chorrera, 
C. analis, C. notella, Teratomorpha chilibrella, Decantha minuta, 
Triclonella sequella, Borkhausenia clevelandi, Epicallima taboga, 
Ethmia festiva, E. ungulatella, E. elutella, Catarata lapilella, 
C. pumilis, C. obnubila, C. ocellata, C. curviliniella, Athleta nigri- 
cans, Zetesima portentosa, Stenoma claripennis, S. vivax, S. sagax, 
S. felix, S. lampyridella, S. viridis, S. frondifer, S. vividella, S. fen- 
estra, S. phytoptera, S. fumipennis, S. basilaris, S. discalis, S. mitra- 
tella, S. plumosa, S. striatella, S. pallulella, S. carbonifer, S. mar- 
ginata, S. simplex, S. minor, S. leucothea, S. bovinella, S. affirma- 
tella, Gonioterma impressella, G. gerda, G. minna, G. cora, Homona 
aquila, H. consobrina, Hemerophila laciniosella, H. meratella, 
Jonaca olivacea, Tortyra cuprinella, T. ferratella, Porpe lamella, 
Ussara eurythmiella, U. eumitrella, Glyphipteryx plenella, Arrheno- 
phanes chiquita, Harmaclona cossidella, Amydria umbraticella, 
Scardia isthmiella, S. minimella, Acrolophus panamae, A. bifurcata, 
A. bactra. - 


CaubDELL, A. N. Orthoptera of the Yale-Dominican Expe- 
dition of 1913. No. 2058. October 24, 19141________. 491-495 


New species: Paraprisopus antillarum, Lichenochrus fulvicosta. 


CocKERELL, T. D. A. Names applied to the North Ameri- 
can bees of the genera Lithurgus, Anthidium, and allies.— 
Nes Z04a Man i tOLa to OR ae eee es) 87 Od 


1 Date of publication. 
III 


Ny TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


Le : Page. 
CrAwForD, J.C. Hymenoptera, superfamilies Apoidea and 


Chalcidoidea, of the Yale-Dominican Expedition of 
1913.—No: 20482), April 30, 1914122. 22. eee: ee ee 


New species: Anthophora footei, Melissodes insularis, Halictus punc- 
tifrons, Augochlora ignifera. 


Dyar, Harrison G. Descriptions of new species and 
genera of lepidoptera from Mexico.—No. 2054. October 
Cy Gat bP eR ietinr Pmyineiie ee SI Rs fe) 


New genera: Nudur, Neomanobia, Calocea, Cacofota, Gorgora, Zapa- 
rasa, Cosmothyris, Tippecoa, Cromarcha, Balidarcha, Anemosella, 
Myolisa, Zaboba, Schacontia, Deuterolia, Euparolia, Mildrizxia, 
Pseudodivona, Cactobrosis, Moodnopsis. 

New species: Huptychia suivalens, Myscelus perissodora, Paratrytone 
aphractoia, Ochlodes samenta, Thorybes uvydixa, Pholisora smodora, 
Nudur fractivittarum, Afrida coagulata, A. zoephila, A. zolda, Hy- 
alarctia tepica, Agrotis chabaudana, A. delicatessa, Ufeus lura, 
Timora tessipta, Miselia verruca, M. centrochlora, Eriopyga eccarsia, 
E. monopis, E. stictipenna, E. diplopis, E. xera, E. borthorodes, 
Hydroeciodes rectilinea, Hyssia degenerans, H. plenipotentia, Neo- 
manobia thyodes, Homoncocnemis psaphidoides, Luperina cuppes, 
Nocloa ezeha, Antaplaga prepontendyta, Calocea eucraspedica, 
Stiria tachymora, S. iticys, S. argyropolia, Stiriodes nydar, S. sub- 
serviens, Cacofota inermis, Sphida pleostigma, Trachera stygia, Gor- 
gora morga, Trogoblemma cacodoxica, Parangitia mosaica, P. cen- 
trochalea, Oruza costalis, Bryocodia lilacina, Cobubatha damozela, C. 
dreptica, C. euproptopa, C. monada, C. millidice, Ozarba semipo- 
tentia, O. choruba, Eustrotia inverterata, Fruva vinculis, Eutelia 
apithana, Anomis gymnopus, A. eucystica, A. cataggelus, Eule- 
pidotis suppura, E. stigmasticta, E. glaucopasa, E. sylpha, Dyo- 
myx ora, D. consequens, Achaea demepa, Campometra surrecta, 
Rhosologia stigmaphiles, R. didactica, Gustiana mox, Dicentria 
cerriben, D. clammenhoa, Psilacron macarisma, Malocampa 
trepsora, Tolype vemerila, T. synoecura, Leuculodes dianaria, 
Psaliodes orozcoa, Tephroclystia magnifacta, Apicia entochyna, 
Spododes auranticolor, Coenocharis cornifrons, Zaparasa sylvia, 
Metraga costilinea, Cicinnus chabaudi, Cosmothyris margaretta, 
‘Edia extralinea, Lipocosma illosalis, Syngamia florepicta, Bocchoris 
rehamalis, Cliniodes mossalis, Pilocrocis cora, Ischnurges chromo- 
phila, Diasemia particolor, Liopasia maculifimbria, Phlyctaenodes 
phrixalis, Pionea discordalis, Pyrausta stenialis, P. postaperta, P. 
dissimulans, Clupeosoma pseudopis, C. sufflerale, Stenia benetinc- 
talis, Galasa unifactalis, Tippecoa infans, Cromarcha polybata, 
Balidarcha cuis, Anemosella basalis, Myolisa chattinis, Zaboba pyra- 
loides, Schacontia replica, Culladia belliferens, Ubida strictalis, 
Argyria supposita, Crambus autotoxellus, Deuterolia nipis, Eupa- 
rolia nipimidalis, Mapeta omphephora, Pococera (Wanda) vandella, 
Homalopalpia euthales, Fundella ahemora, Myelois venipars, 
Cabima mochlophleps, Megasis punctella, Hypsipyla cnabella, 
Mildrizia constitutionella, Pseudodivona commensella, Ancylos- 
tomia argyrophleps, Cactobrosis insignatella, C. maculifera, Yose- 
mitia didactica, Vitula malacella, Moodnopsis decipiens, Aurora 
dimidiatella, Bandera homiotes. 

New subspecies: Ancyluris inca mora. 


1 Date of publication. 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. V 


Dyar, Harrison G. Lepidoptera of the Yale-Dominican 
Expedition of 1913. No. 2056. October 24, 1914'_____ 423-426 
New species: Thecla otoheba, Rifargia chocotoa, Heterochroma postal- 
bida, Gonodonta elaborans, Tephrosia madefactaria, Periclinia triatra- 
pata, P. transmagrata. 
New subspecies: Nepheloleuca atomaria. 
Report on the lepidoptera of the Smithsonian Bio- 
logical Survey of the Panama Canal Zone. No. 2050. 
1 TEs 28 24 Oe ME) Eee ea eee ee eer ee eee 139-350 


New genera: Otacustesis, Gaudeator, Palaeozana, Serincia, Abrochocis, 
Geridizis, Anaene, Dixanaene, Saozana, Ablita, Dymba, Araeop- 
terella, Charoblemma, Gelenipsa, Via, Prodosia, Egchiretes, Pogopus, 
Cola, Hopothia, Crambophilia, Tineocephala, Unduzia, Ca, Param- 
bia, Homophysodes, Escandia, Eobrena, Gephyrella, Restidia, Zam- 
anna, Craftsia, Chenevadia, Torotambe, Deopteryx, Replicia, Ocoba, 
Passelgis, Conotambe, Dismidila, Chalcoelopsis, Taboga, Genopas- 
chia, Pocopaschia, Stenopaschia, Glossopaschia, Difundella, Anyp- 
sipyla, Drescoma, Zamagiria, Cabima, Chorrera, Homalopalpia, 
Illatila, Anthopteryx, Bema, Relmis, Moerbes, Harnocha, Euryth- 
masis, Harnochina, Hypermescinia, Calamophleps, Comotia, 
Strymax, Microphycita, Microphestia, Micromescinia, Tinitinoa, 
Schenectadia. 

New species: Euptychia marisea, Otacustesis pericopidis, Thecla elimes, 
T. burica, T. climicles, T. posetta, T. callides, T. heraldica, T. mesca, 
Hylesia invidiosa, H. darlingi, Citheronia marion, Adelocephala ado- 
cima, Pheia stratiotes, Loxophlebia leucothema, Phoenicoprocta pauct- 
puncta, Cosmosoma hercynacula, Dycladia mamha, Teucer ateucer, 
Delphyre elachia, D. cumulosa, Ptychotrichos episcepsidis, Heliwra 
banoca, Agylla bioptera, A. niphostibes, Afrida gymnes, A. pnixis, Gau- 
deator paidicus, Palaeozana mida, Illice leuconotum, Paraprepia fusci- 
lingua, Nodozana albula, Serincia metallica, Lycomorphodes genifi- 
cans, Talara melanosticta, T. minynthadia, T. violescens, T. mesospila, 
T. mona, Barsinella desetta, Geridivis minx, Anaene spurca, A. 
squalida, A. improspera, A. diagramma, Dixanaene lepidocaena, 
Virbia orola, Hyalurga subnormalis, Cirphis seteci, Cropia dimorpha, 
Gonodes cuneata, G. densissima, Menopsimus crambiformis, Micra- 
thetis teenion, Monodes micromma, M. commacosta, M. lithotela, 
M. ipsidomo, Phobolosia mydronotum Leucosigma reletiva, Bagisara 
anotla, Chalcoecia heochroa, Closteromorpha rufifacta, Amolita 
pepita, A. solitaria, A. intensa, A. paranoma, Ablita nymphica, 
A. grammalogica, Dantona corves, Aucula particolor, Aracoptera 
betie, Acidaliodes mela, A. umber, A. flavipars, Dymba coryphata, 
Pseudocraspedia sodis, P. holopolia, P. mathetes, Lycaugesia semi- 
clara, L. microzale, L. calochroia, L. epistigma, L. stigmaleuca, 
L. pseudura, L. gratificula, L. postnigrescens, L. perpurpura, L. 
hemipennis, L. semiblanda, L. monostella, Araeopterella miscidisce, 
Charoblemma unilinea, C. opisthomela, Anablemma palliola, Pro- 
roblemma philogonia, P. cupreispila, P. porphyrea, Microblemma 
ulopus, Gelenipsa psychodidarum, Parangitia circumcincta, Angitia 
tristigma, Chalenata ustatina, C. quella, Via vindicia, Prodosia 
mycha, Diastema argillophora, Drobeta brephus, Ozarba oplora, 


1 Date of publication. 


VI 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


Dyar, Harrison G.—Continued. 


Cobubatha paidica, C. icria, C. pinax, C. periusia, Cobubatha ortho- 
doxica, C. paistion, C. tortricopsis, Ozarba hemitecta, O. bascura, 
Tarachidia carmelita, Xanthoptera intensifica, Paectes phloisma, 
P. panballa, Casandria interstitia, C.fugax, C. illegitima, C. murora, 
C. griselda, C. flotsama, C. siopera, Medava diminuta, Egchiretes 
nomimus, Eulepidotis junetta, EF. electa, Boletobia rugosa, Plyn- 
teria centriponens, P. melanopasa, P. irrespondens, P. maises, 
P. contenta, P. dilmis, P. extirpens, P. coryphata, P. wnifacta, 
P. conformens, Rhaesena zoum, Metalectra contactoides, M. mono- 
pais, M. didyma, M. mochtheros, M. tristigma, M. paralappa, M. 
diversata, Pogopus mictochroma, Palthis incuriosa, Cola nabis, 
Hopothia histigma, Crambophilia majorcula, C. minorcula, Tineo- 
cephala judis, Prorifrons castullux, Claphe discorica, C. vittabunda, 
Nystalea lophocera, Betola densissima, B. apostatica, Heterocampa 
lopodites, Rifargia presbytica, Hammaptera minnipenna, Leptidule 
antithesis, Tachyphyle maiester, T. oubrica, Racheospila delicates- 
cens, Dryadopsis adjunctaria, Idaea lanceolescens, I. costifera, Cam- 
bogia hulaquina, Hyria paulesca, Pammeris euriopis, Ptychopoda 
zoalma, P. cedrica, P. umbrimargo, P. sincerio, P. clothula, Gonia- 
cidalia balmata, Deinopygia rectifaciens, D. gospera, Aplogompha 
angusta, Berberodes campylophleps, B. impura, Semiothisa bejucoa- 
ria, Tornos penumbrosa, Roeselia pecta, R. hypopecta, R. micropecta, 
R. melletes, R. atypica, Nola aeschyntela, N. brunneifera, N. nephele- 
pasa, N. chauna, N. nimbimargo, N. prothyma, N. quintessa, N. 
zeteci, N. contorta, N. flavescens, N. habrophyes, Celama sylpha, 
Semyra gladys, Sisyrosea (?) aphasia, Norape xantholopha, Unduzia 
gistinda, U. phaule, Anacraga dulciola, Ca anastigma, Paracraga 
cyclophera, Cicinnus solvens, Platoeceticus aphaidropa, P. symmicta, 
Dysodea angulisola, D. remie, Rhodoneura mescememna, KR. pam- 
micra, Siculodes postponens, Brixia molecula, Herdonia brixifacies, 
Homophysa cymalis, H. oriola, H. moribundalis, Neurophyseta 
mellograpta, Psephis ministralis, Lipocosma parcipunctalis, L. punc- 
tissimalis, L. teliferalis, L. consortalis, Sufetula hypochiralis, S. 
hypocharopa, Scybalista potentalis, Desmia tetratocera, D. parastigma, 
D. phaiorrhoca, D. aclistalis, Eurrhyparodes sculdus, Leucochroma 
euphthinylla, L. analytica, L. eupharamacis, Syngamia sciagraphalis, 
S. melanobathrum, Bocchoris hohaelis, B. sparsalis, B. approprialis, 
B. differentialis, B. densalis, B. nacobora, B. edaphodrepta, B. invidi- 
osa, B. rhehabalis, Pilocrocis cyclostigma, P. runatalis, P. decora, 
Spilomela discordens, Nacoleia craftsialis, N. marginalis, N. brun- 
nescens, N. nannalis, N. canthodysana, N. veritalis, Sylepta imbrog- 
lialis, Piletosoma argoponalis, P. thialis, Lygropia alitemeralis, 
L. cosmia, L. erythrobathrum, L. glaphyra, L. disarche, Glyphodes 
buscki, Leucinodes dissolvens, Analyta semantris, Liopasia sim- 
plicissimalis, Baeotarcha exogrammalis, Pionea explicalis, P. 
sthennymalis, P. epanthisma, Pyrausta rhodochroia, P. liopasialis, 
P. ploimalis, Stenia declivalis, S. hypherochalis, S. acuminalis, 
S. samealis, Argyractis necomalis, A. ticonalis, Cataclysta bijonalis, 
C. aclistalis, C. glycysalis, C. cabimalis, C. complicatalis, C. brun- 
neodora, C. argyrolepta, C. iolepta, C. unilinealis, C. mignonalis, 
C. symphonalis, C. multipicta, C. autobella, C. vacuolata, C. dia- 
litha, C. zelota, Parambia gnomosynalis, P. glenealis, Ambia fove- 


Page. 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. VII 


Page. 
Dyar, Harrison G.—Continued. 
costa, A. fulvalis, A. fuscalis, A. paigniodesalis, A. enareralis, 
A. enallassalis, A. enantialis, Oligostigma purifactalis, O. semi- 
marginale, O. tigrinale, O. electrale, Aulacodes reversalis, A. traver- 
salis, A. obtusalis, Homophysodes morbidalis, Escandia fimbrialis, 
Salobrena dicela, Eobrena melopoalis, Gephyrella parsimonalis, Res- 
tidia ruha, Lepidomys bilinealis, L. platybathyralis, Hypocosmia 
bimaculalis, H. rectilinealis, Adenopteryx metallescens, Zamanna 
dimorphalis, Paridnea monoflexa, Xantippe olivalis, X. erna, 
X. gertria, X. trudie, X. tresca, Craftsia vaetta, Chenevadia huralis, 
Parachma fervidalis, P. tarachodes, Torotambe mirabella, Deopteryz 
hypenetes, Galasa monitoralis, G. subpallidalis, G. fervidalis, @. 
lophopalis, G. belliculalis, G. lutealis, G. strenualis, G. stygialis, 
G. relativalis, G. pallidalis, G'. dubitalis, G@. dilirialis, Replicia incho- 
alis, Acutia xantippe, A. amblytalis, Uliosoma rhodoesis, Caphys 
eustelechalis, C'. subsordidalis, Ocoba melanophila, Bonchis glanysis, 
Pelasgis geromalis, Murgisca diplommatalis, Cyclopalpia monoton- 
alis, Passelgis xanthothricalis, Conotambe paralysisalis, Dismidila 
atoca, Patissa onirophanta, Chalcoelopsis pigrissima, Macrotheca 
poecilostigma, Crambus tactellus, C. agnesiella, C. intangens, Culla- 
dia eucosmella, Argyria molybdoplecta, A. argyrodis, A. centrifugens, 
A. xanihoguma, Ubida cretaceipars, U. monodisa, U. neogynaecella, 
Diatraea gaga, D. solipsa, Testa cancellalis, Erupa incoloralis, 
Scoparia pusilla, Taboga inis, Arnatula cireumlucens, A. colorata, 
A. subflavida, Tioga tersilla, Pococera basigera, P. adolescens, P. 
capnodon, P. sphaerophora, Lepidogma violescens, Genopaschia pro- 
tomis, Pocopaschia bellangula, P. accelerans, Stenopaschia trichop- 
teris, Gilossopaschia caenoses, Myelois pombra, M. euzopherella, 
Difundella corynophora, Anypsipyla univitella, Drescoma cyrdipsa, 
D. cinilixa, Zamagiria dixolophella, Cabima dosia, C. decurrens, 
C. hoplidice, Hypsipyla muriscis, Chorrera idiotes, Oryctometopia 
clevelandella, Dasypga querna, Homalopalpia dalera, Piesmopoda 
xanthopolys, P. xanthomera, P. xanthoudemia, Phycita almonella, 
Illatila gurbyris, Euzophera tintilla, E. mabes, E. conquistador, 
E. rinmea, E. glomis, E. climosa, Anthopteryx irichampa, Bema 
myja, Relmis ydda, R. fifaca, Moerbes dryopella, Harnocha velessa,y 
Eurythmasis ignifatua, Vitula rusto, V. taboga, Cabotia rhythmatica, 
Eurythmia vestilla, E. coquilla, E. coca, E. mossa, EH. uncta, Harno- 
china rectilinea, Mescinia berosa, M. triloses, M. mosces, Hyper- 
mescinia lambella, Moodna supplicella, Homoeosoma musiosum, 
Calamophleps squalidella, C. nodoses, C. lophophora, Comotia tor- 
sicornis, Strymax dorae, S. pyllis, Ephestiodes plorella, E. noniella, 
Hphestia divergens, E. colorella, E. animosella, Varneria nannodes, 
Microphycita titillella, M. conops, Microphestia animaleula, Micro- 
mescinia pygmaea, Navasota myriolecta, Pectinigera violodis, Pou- 
jadia cyttarella, Tinitinoa phyrdes, Schenectadia merilesella, Co- 
enochroa monomacula, Psychonoctua nullifer, Toronia adolescens, 
.  Arbela necreros. 

New subspecies: Caligo oileus hyposchesis, Macrocneme lades cabimensis, 
Euschirropterus poeyi pulverosa, Monodes exesa trolia, Heliocontia 
lepus concordens. 

New varieties: Cosmosoma melanotela, Leucinodes elegantalis, var. 
prophetica. 


VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


Dyar, Harrison G. The Noctuid moths of the genera 
Palindia and Dyomyx.—No. 2046. May 7, 19141!______ 
New species: Eulepidotis magica, E. suzetta, E. prismatica, E. tran- 
scendens, E. penumbra, E, selecta, E. anna, E. reducens, E. schedo- 


glauca, E. holoclera, E. croceipars, E. erina, E. fortissima, E. meta- 
morpha, E. ouocco, E. microleuca, Dyomyzx herberta. 


Frierson, L. S. A new pearly freshwater mussel of the 
genus Hyria from Brazil.—No. 2053. October 29, 1914 1_ 


New species: Hyria amazonia. 


GILBERT, CoaRLES H. Two Cottoid fishes from Monterey 
Bay, California.—No. 2049. May 20, 19141__._______- 


New species: Enophrys taurinus. 


Harring, Harry K. Report on Rotatoria from Panama 
with descriptions of new species.—No. 2062. December 
15, TODA Ale ox eae sen aecehedes: Lect ese yn ae 


New species: Brachionus dolabratus, Lecane crepida, L. sibina, L. 
marshi, L. ercodes, L. arcula, L. compta, L. pusilla, L. aeganea, 
L, doryssa, L. tenuiseta, L. amorpha, L. elegans, Monostyla virga, 
M. rugosa, Lepadella imbricata, L. cyrtopus, Trichocerca. nitida, 
Collotheca polyphema. 


HENDERSON, JouN B. and Paut Barrscu. Littoral marine 
mollusks of Chincoteague Island, Virginia.—No. 2055. 
October 2OnTO La te. Pier ess Maren ee 2) ee ee Oey eee ree ee 


New species: Epitonium virginicum, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) pow- 
hatani, T. (P.) pocahontasae, T. (P.) toyatant, T. (P.) virginica, 
Odostomia (Chrysallida) toyatani, O. (Evalea) virginica, O. (E.) 
pocahontasae, Triphoris pyrrha, Diastoma virginica, Cerithiopsis 
(Cerithiopsis) virginica. 


HoxusterR, N. A systematic account of the Grasshopper 
Mice._No. 2057. . October 29, 1914-2 = oe ee 


- New subspecies: Onychomys torridus surrufus. 
Myers, P. R. Results of the Yale-Peruvian Expedition of 
1911—Addendum to the hymenoptera Ichneumonoidea.— 
No: 2052: -October. 24, 1904bs5 . aie le aie 


New species: Trachysphyrus venustus. 


Ratueun, Mary J. New genera and species of American 
Brachyrhynchous crabs.—No. 2047. May 20, 19141___- 
New genera: Trizocarcinus, Cyrtoplax, Chasmophora. 
New species: Planes marinus, Cyrtograpsus altimanus, Platychiro- 
grapsus typicus, Sesarma (Sesarma) verleyi, S. (S.) jarvisi, 8. 
(Holometopus) tampicense, Uca monilifera, U. musica. 


1 Date of publication. 


Page. 


95-116 


363 


135-137 


525-564 


411-421 


427-489 


361-362 


Liao 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


Ratuspun, Mary J. New species of crabs of the families 
Grapsidae and Ocypodidae.—No. 2044. May 7, 1914'_. 
New species: Varuna altimana, Ptychognathus guijulugani, Sesarma 
(Sesarma) palawanense, S. (S.) vicentense, S. (S.) mindanaoense, 
S. (S.) aequifrons, S. (S.) tectum, S. (Holometopus) limbense, S. 
(Parasesarma) dumacense, S. (P.) pangauranense, Macrophthalmus 
sandakani, Dotilla sigillorum, Tympanomerus philippinensis. 
New subspecies: Sesarma (Sesarma) edwardsi philippinense, S. (Para- 
sesarma) moluccense jamelense. 
Rouwer, S. A. Vespoid and Sphecoid hymenoptera col- 
lected in Guatemala by W. P. Cockerell—No. 2061. 
(CCI V SRST 72 Sond RG Ws ate gan Bal A tes A ee en ee ge eee 


New species: Pedinaspis (Pedinaspis) margaretella, Arachnophroc- 
tonus cockerellae, Microbembex tarsalis, Stictia guatemalensis, Silaon 
iresinides, Tachysphex cockerellae, Notogonidea sternalis, Nysson 
(Brachystegus) guatemalensis, Notoglossa pyrura, Rhopalum opacum, 
Cerceris tresinides. 

THompson, JosEPH C. The variations exhibited by Tham- 
nophis ordinoides (Baird and Girard), a garter-snake in- 
habiting the Sausalito Peninsula, California.—No. 2051. 
Caran BAO A cies ae Ro Se he ee RN ey Seb 


Wermore, ALEX. A peculiarity in the growth of the tail 
feathers of the giant hornbill (Rhinoplax vigil).—No. 
PAO SOME GON OTe Anko FA ts i gy se ee 


Wuerry, Epcar T. Notes on wolframite, beraunite, and 
axinite.—No. 2060. October 24, 19141.._-___.._.-._..- 


Witson, CuHartes Brancu. North American parasitic 
copepods belonging to the Lernaeopodidae, with a re- 
vision of the entire family.—No. 2063. March 6, 1915 + 


New subfamilies: Lernaeopodinae Tracheliastinae, Brianellinae, Cla- 
vellinae. 

New genera: Salmincola, Lernaeopodina, Brianella, Thomsonella, 
Thysanotella, Clavellopsis, Clavellodes, Clavellisa, Parabrachiella, 
Epibrachiella, Probrachiella, Eubrachiella. 

New species: Salmincola oquassa, Lernaeopodina relata, Tracheliastes 
grandis, Brianella corniger, Naobranchia occidentalis, Clavella per- 
jida, C. tumida, C. canaliculata, C. insolita, C. levis, C. pingurs, 
C. squamigera, C. recta, C. trina, Clavellopsis producta, Clavellisa 
spinosa, C. cordata, Brachiella gulosa, B. mitrata, B. pinguis, B. 
nitida, 


1 Date of publication. 


513-523 


351-360 


497—500 


501-511 


565-729 


ee 


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Leak val bog tage urine ° 
eo ited eae ‘eed i ‘yew 


HM] ne nen 


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i os, wen ge " Aur 
Dune idea 
pee, 4, + piahey 

+: “ a j ys 


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i 
. 
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ine 
Par 
i 
tae 


Meher Mh | 
4) 


ee ee 
SNE SSHmnaakwenye 


bo bo bo 
wm CO 


nN Re 


. Females of Lernacopodina relata and Tracheliastes grandis 
. Females of Brianella corniger and Charopinus bicaudatus.............-.--- 
. Females of Charopinus bicaudatus and Naobranchia lizae 
eR HH MIOG Ohe VUOBFANC IA lizae- nate as oe Beene ce ee eke 


BIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS: 


PLATES. 


peNew. American, PTAaCh yrhyaChOUs Crabs ..< < com 2/4. o2 6 welsae Seno eee sc 


New, Atmerican brachyrbymchous crabs) joia2\<< asrcteiyoott 2 AG cle cloreye Wete eee 
New. American brachyrhynchous crabs. ....< <2 <se2 c= an soeied seats 
New. American. brachyrhynchousierabss scyace. ao 555- ae dase nore eee meas 
New Americam brachyriynchous crabs: 4. .ca< cu see cece se oSienin- acess 
New American brachyrhynchous crabs. ..< <=. 45+ +4254 45558-oNsemes< - 
New American: brachyrhynchous crabs +. .g.j2c-jiasd5-ebseeeets te oleae 
NeweAmerican,brachyrhynchous crabs:)- 222s. ss2 i 522 32 242 eee 


maNiew American) brachyrhynchous crabs ..1.\=- 3 Sheen as ean OA oe Behe 
mow, American brachyrbyne hous crabes 2c... ¢.-cciertsso2 - see see aes Seal 
mc ottoid Ashes irom Monterey bay, Califormia. 22.22.22 20000 5-25. 5. cence 
BE ANUIZO NIG Ee MOTSON orate Sere a cis Mein of des at eRe eed Nae a 
meMolinksol Chincotearue, Vaio. eo. o eco Sa th oarerelgene ts fetiocka tee bole 
14. 
ES HLIS OVO NY CROMUY Senos cio wint os 5 Jas si ae aicle 2 Role ase a eee Ee es 
PENG eROLALOn aanom Pama - te el. Yo. oe elects sors - See iets dete Sed 
miNGwe otiora irom Panamae 2: 2usiiei. o2 secietieeest: Sass ee ea. SS 
mNCweROLAtona trom: Panama: 22 -. <\..ci2 .sisteiyeeies siesta eee eco ieee < 
MN OwaAroLatormauromy PanaAMas 292 5. jaswane.. such se Sea eee Reed 


Motluskniof ChinceoteasuerV ashes. 25 ofc. ioe he ene Se sal Sheet 


INewalhotatoria trombebanaman casos ciee sciioe cle Since nin tae eee eres 


PeNe we Otatorlamnolm ian anna. ti icp ie). Lee Se eee oe ee ate ae eel 


New VOtacorncamromambam ania serene noe see cya aera a Lena 


SINC WALVOLALORLAMmOMIU AT ATI aes. bexep tte hoe et am ay ape Sisco «Rules ICN Viet 


Neher LOO Oe LENT Ee oe ees Bae MS Sela Neuse ities il mek 


ep Minle’e CHES iy pesaas nee ae eels ners Sala otis ne Molen cela ks oe eh yeas 
PV ere CITI SNy RIES rele tete: Ste cy rch talento Peas ce, See tate wife ears ins arenes et ete ae 
2 MEN Reis iq IGS habe Sue Se Soe n Sees Sap desc couse an ome aces e nee Sedene 
Meier C HUGELY DOS none nyse 5 2p aie Site a ste Saree ors nts ays gels a eee cet a 
. Females of Salmincola californiensis and S. salmonea................----- 
. Females of Salmincola siscowet and S. edwardsti...............--2+.--.--- 
. Females of Salmincola oquassa, S. bicauliculata, and S. fauculata.........- 
. Females of Salmincola thymalli, S. inermis, and S. beani...............--- 
. Females of Salmincola carpentert and S. gibber..........------2-2------- 
. Females of Achtheres corpulentus and A. microptert...........-.....----+--- 
> Females.of Achtheres mtcroptert and A. lacae. i222... \cjcce. shoes scc bce ws 
. Female of Achtheres coregoni and male of A. ambloplitis 
uemaloonlAchineres: amblopletie asa. Bare 2 ate) Si Oe Bae ALES Be SoD 
PCE ALGONA CHERCTES PUN CLOG be aoc Sein hicieron ciate cyoleim.clar hekeicinv hoe eae aielo co ee 
. Females of Achtheres percarum and males of Lernaeopoda elongata and 


TECRIELEO OCR TC LOL as Fete pat ig NAA phe arate) Be PAE N aS 4 nd DA AUD UR 


Facing 
page. 

130 

130 


564 


XII LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 


PLATES. 


46. Male of Clavella tumida, female and male of C. canaliculata, and female of C. 


47. Female of Clavella levis, and female and male of C. pinguis.............-- 
48. Female of Clavella sywamigera, and female and male of C. uncinata.....-.. 
49. Female of Clavella uncinata, female and male of C. irina, and female of 
Claaello pats TODUSta > =. 2 .F Sel epee alelaso,n aco Sars ee = ee 

50. Females of Clavella recta and Clavellopsis producta, and female and male of 
Clavellisa spinosases2 eo: Soaks Sse ae te eee ee ee 

I; Female and male of Clavellodes rugosa. 2 222. 2-2 22h: sae eee ae eee 
52. Female of Clavellisa spinosa and female and male of C. cordata...........- 
3. Female and male of Brachiella thynni and B. gulosa..............-.--.--- 
1. Females of Brachiella gulosa and B. mitrata, and female and male of B. 


55. Females of Brachiella elegans and B. mitrata, and female and male of B. 
POUT QUULS atte ayotatel orate eat oats Se ett 
56. Females of Brachiella pinguis, B. nitida, and Parabrachiella rostrata.......- 


TEXT FIGURES, 


Trizocarcinus dentatus, ventral view of left side of carapace of male type, showing 
piridulatinoridee. we ocjec ston ahs Stier el ola'ate oro AO ee ete oe ee ae 
Chasmophora macrophthalma, anterior view of orbit of type female, showing 
hiatus, in which lies:the antennal: flagellum....< ... 22222 s2o eee 
Platychirograpsus typicus. a. Outer side of large chela of male in Halifax 
Museum, nat. size. 6b. Upper view of same, nat. size. c. Outer side of 
large ichela of small male from. Mexico. ...2.5..-0.. cee soe eee ete ee 
Sesarma (Holometopus) tampicense, ventral view of left appendage of first 
abdominal’ seomentof male 2222602. .c.ccecc sees oe oe eeee sae aerEae 
Uca musica. a. Lower view of large (left) chela of male type, showing stridu- 
lating ridge. 6. Anterior (lower) view of portion of first left ambulatory 
leg of male type, showing granules which play against stridulating ridge. - 
Distribution of the genus Onychomys.2<....- «2.5. = asec eae seen eee 
Distribution of the subspecies of Onychomys leucogaster........-.--..+..---+--- 
Distribution of the subspecies of Onychomys torridus........-...------------- 
Section of Clavella uncinata showing a, anus; go, genital opening; gp, genital 
process; sr, sperm receptacle; sé, sperm tube; 7, intestine.................. 
Cross section of proboscis; wpl, upper lip; unl, lower lip.....................- 
Mouth parts of Lernaeopoda galet. md, mandible; mz, first maxilla; rm, re- 
tractor muscle of mandible; wpl, upper lip; unl, under lip................. 
Worsal museles of Alehiheres: aiDlO PITS... oN «oe alee SS yee ae ee ee 
Ventralsnusctesof Achtheres amblopliis-+-soie- <2 as oe cones carmen ee ae 


The male of Clavellisa cordata. an’ and an’’, antennal muscles; md, mandible 
muscle; mx’ and mz’’, maxillary muscles; mxzp, muscles of the maxilliped. - 
Dorsal view of ejaculatory muscles (em) and sperm receptacle (sr) of Achtheres 
GMBIODNES. «o/s Hocico asi wncie de cle escheat oe ae 
Cement glands of Achtheres ambloplitis. 6, basal portions; c, central; t, ter- 


Egg filament and developing egg in Clavella wncinata..........-------------- 
Egg fllament and developing egg of Clavellisa cordata...........-.---++-----+--- 
Egg filament and egg of Naobranchia lizae........2.-0-0.5s220eee- ces Jenene: 
Cepepodid ‘larva of, Clavella uncinata. .-.% 2228 abs ele ee ne 
Copepodid larva of Clavella uncinata. a, mandible; d, first maxilla; c, second 

maxilla :"d,:maxalliped. <0: 50 S24 seks ee ee ee sees ee ee eee 
First (upper) and second swimming legs of copepodid larva of Clavella uncinata. 


Facing 


page. 


730 


585 


586 


590 
591 
592 
592 
593 


594 
595 


NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF MICROLEPIDOPTERA 
FROM PANAMA. 


By Aucust Buscx. 
Of United States Department of Agriculture. 


The following is the second installment‘ of descriptions of Micro- 
lepidoptera from Panama, based on material collected by the writer 
while a member of the Smithsonian Biological Survey of Panama, 
during two periods, from January to June, 1911, 1912. 

The type material is deposited in the United States National 
Museum, and cotypes are, as far as possible, exchanged with the 
British Museum. 

The citation of the type under each genus does not signify that 
the fixation is original in this paper, in most cases it is not; but in 
some as yet debatable cases the citation is necessary in order to 
define the author’s conception of the genus in question, and the 
uniform citation of the genotypes will be a convenience for future 


students. 
Family COSMOPTERYGID. 


Genus ERITARBES Walsingham. 


Type.—Eritarbes otiosa Walsingham. 
ERITARBES GUTTATA, new species. 


Labial palpi straw-yellow, with terminal joint blackish toward 
the face. Face, head, and thorax straw-colored. Antenne nearly 
as long as the forewings, straw-yellow, faintly dotted on each joint 
with black. Forewings shiny light straw-yellow, overlaid on exterior 
half with light brown; a conspicuous deep black elongate spot on 
the fold equidistant from apex and base of the wing; an inconspicuous 
dark-brown dot at the end of the fold, a few dark-brown scales at 
apex. Cilia straw-colored. Hindwings dark straw-colored above; 
underside of both wings blackish brown. Abdomen yellow. Legs 
whitish ochreous. 

Alar expanse.—14 mm. 

Habitat—Cabima and La Chorrera, Panama, May, June. 

Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 16668, U.S.N.M. 

Reminds one in a general way of Sttotroga cerealella Olivier. 


1 The first paper was published in the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection, vol. 59, No. 4, 1912. 


ooo 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 47—No. 2043. 
84843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——1 i 


2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


Genus PERIMEDE Chambers. 
Type.—Perimede errantella, Chambers. 


PERIMEDE ANNULATA, new species. 


Labial palpi blackish brown, terminal joint somewhat lighter. 
Antenne dark brown with last dozen joints silvery white. Face, 
head, and thorax shining black. Forewings uniformly shining black 
with four small deep-btack tufts of erect scales, one on the cell, one at 
the end of the cell, one on the middle of the fold, and one near the 
end of the fold, all encircled with whitish scales. Cilia gray. Hind- 
wings light fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous. Legs blackish; tarsal 
joints very indistinctly annulated with white. 

Alar expanse.—11 mm. 

Halitat.—Corozal and Paraiso, Isthmian Canal Zone, March, May. 

Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 15814, U.S.N.M. 

Very close to Perimede particornella Busck, but of deeper black 
color and distinguished by the narrow white circlets around the tufts 
of raised scales. 

Genus WALSHIA Clemens. 


Type.— Walshia amor phella Clemens. 
WALSHIA ALBICORNELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi dull ochreous, shaded with black; terminal joint 
nearly black with extreme apex pale. Antenne ochreous, annulated 
with black and with apical fourth silvery white. Face ochreous. 
Head and thorax ochreous, dusted with brown and black. Forewings 
shiny ochreous, with black and brown ill-defined markings; from base 
of costa to basal fourth of dorsum runs an oblique, broad, black fascia 
containing two large tufts of raised scales; near the end of the cell is 
an oblique, transverse row of raised ochreous scales mottled with 
black; at tornus is an ill-defined group of black and brown scales, 
and along the terminal edge is a row of three black dots; apical part 
of the wing mottled with scattered black scales; cilia light fuscous. 
Hindwings dark fuscous with lighter cilia. Abdomen blackish fuscous 
above, underside and anal tuft ochreous. Legs ochreous with broad 
black bars and black tarsal annulations. 

Alar expanse.—10-11 mm. 

Habitat.—Paraiso and La Chorrera, Panama, February, May. 

Type-specomen.—Cat. No. 15813, U.S.N.M. 

Very close to the type of the genus and difficult to distinguish 
from it except by its smaller size and the white-tipped antenne. 
Walshia calcarata Walsingham, which also has the white-tipped 
antenne, differs by the white head and the clothed posterior spurs. 


NO. 2043. NHW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSCK. a 


Family GELECHIID 
FORTINEA, new genus. 


Type.— Fortinea aurieiliella, new species. 

Labial palpi long, thin, recurved; second joint slightly thickened 
with appressed scales, compressed, slightly ruffled in front; terminal 
joint slender, acute, as long as second. Antenne finely ciliate. 
Forewings very elongate, broadest just within tornus; costa straight 
until apical fourth, thence somewhat deflected to the well defined 
apex; termen but little oblique; dorsum straight; 11 veins; veins 
10 and 11 so closely approximate and parallel as to unite throughout 
their length into one heavy vein, only separable into its constituents 
under magnification; 7 and 8 stalked; 7 to costa; 2 from near middle 
of cell; 3 from before the end of the cell; 4 from end of cell; 1 6 furcate 
at base. Hindwings broader than forewings; costa straight; apex 
pointed; termen straight, oblique; dorsum straight; 8 veins; 6 and 7 
stalked; cell produced at their stalk; 5 cubital, separate; 3 and 4 
separate, but approximate. Posterior tibize hairy above. 

A genus of uncertain affinity though probably related to Cataleris 
Walsingham and Logisis Walsingham; from both of these genera it 
differs in having vein 9 of the forewing free and in the unusual semi- 
coincidence of veins 10 and 11. 


FORTINEA AURICILIELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi light ochreous brown. Face and head light straw- 
colored. Antenne light straw-colored, faintly annulated with dark 
brown toward their tips. Thorax light brown. Forewings light 
ochreous brown; extreme costal edge blackish brown; below this runs 
a thin, light ochreous, submarginal line from base to apex, whence it 
turns obliquely inward straight to the middle of the fold; this thin 
ochreous line is edged above with dark brown and is faintly continued 
along the fold to the base of the wing; it gives the wing a superficial 
appearance of a much narrower, elachistid wing with a long cilia 
represented by the tornal part; along the terminal edge is a dark 
brown submarginal line, beyond which the wing and the cilia are 
strongly metallic golden; dorsal cilia not metallic, dark greenish 
brown. Hindwings dark brownish fuscous with golden yellow tips; 
apical cilia golden yellow with a deeper yellow basal line; dorsal cilia 
brown. Abdomen dark brown above; underside ochreous. Legs 
ochreous, shaded externally with dark brown. 

Alar expanse.—24 mm. 

Habitat—Porto Bello, Panama, May. 

Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 15815, U.S.N.M. 


4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSE UM : VoL, 47. 


ATOPONEURA, new genus. 


Type.—Atoponeura violacea, new species. 

Labial palpi long, recurved; second joint thickened with appressed 
scales, compressed, slightly rough posteriorly; terminal joint thickened 
with scales except at extreme tip, compressed. Antenne three-fourths, 
simple. Tongue well developed, spiraled. Head and thorax smooth. 
Forewings elongate, narrow; costa and dorsum nearly straight and par- 
allel; tip of the wing rounded; apex below the median line; termen 
rounded; 11 veins; 7 and 8 coincident; 6 to costa; 5 to apex; 2 and 3 
stalked. Hindwings broader than forewings; costa deflected beyond the 
middle; apex blunt; termen slightly sinuated; dorsum nearly straight; 
flexus prominent; 8 veins; 3 and 4 connate; 5 cubital; 6 and 7 closely 
approximate; crossvein between 7 and 8 at basal fourth. Posterior 
tibie hairy above. 

Nearest to and correlated with Simoneura Walsingham and like it 
with vein 6 in the forewing running to costa but further advanced in 
having 5 to apex and 3 and 4 stalked. 

The form of the labial palpi also distinguishes it from this genus. 
Only one other American genus is known with a similar venation in the 
forewing, i. e., Idiocrates Meyrick,’ which differs, however, in having 
vein 2 and 3 separate while the venation of the hindwings [6 and 7 
parallel and 5 absent] proves it not at all related to the present genus. 


ATOPONEURA VIOLACEA, new species. 


Labial palpi golden metallic yellow with base and terminal joint 
shaded with black exteriorly. Antenne purplish black. Head and 
thorax bluish black, iridescent; face a shade lighter. Forewings 
black, overlaid with metallic, light blue scales and with a strong 
purplish sheen, especially toward apex, which, as well as the cilia, in 
certain light appear like burnished copper. Hindwing dark fuscous. 
Abdomen bluish fuscous. Legs bluish gray on the inside, black 
exteriorly. 

Alar expanse.—14 mm. 

Habitat—Trinidad River, Panama, March. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 15816, U.S.N.M. 

The species appears plain black and inconspicuous in dull light, but 
in reflected light it is a very brilliant insect. 


BELTHECA, new genus. 


Type.—Beltheca prcolella, new species. 

Labial palpi long, recurved; second joint thickened with scales, 
which are smoothly applied on the under side, but form a short brush 
on the upper side; terminal joint longer than second, slender, acute. 


1 Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1900, p. 19. 


No. 2048. NHW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSCE. 5 


Fore wings elongate, ovate, apex round pointed, termen oblique; 
11 veins: 7 and 8 coincident to costa; 6 to apex; 2, 3, 4, and 5 equi- 
distant; (7 and 8), 9,10, and 11 equidistant; 11 from beyond middle 
of the cell; 1b furcate at base. Hind wings somewhat narrower than 
the forewings with costa gently arched, apex produced, termen 
strongly sinuate, dorsum straight; 7 veins: 6 obsolete; 7 to apex; 
2, 3, 4, and 5 well separated, equidistant. Posterior tibie rough 
haired above. 

A development from Aristotelia, correlated with Chrysopora 
Clemens, from which it differs by the coincident veins 7 and 8 of the 


forewings. 
BELTHECA PICOLELLA, new species. 


Second joint of labial palpi whitish gray with blackish tuft; third 
joint black with a broad, longitudinal, silvery line and with silvery 
apex. Eyes in the living specimen red. Lower face silvery white; 
upper face and head dark iridescent brown. Thorax blackish brown. 
Forewing blackish brown with a thin outwardly oblique white streak- 
let just beyond middle of costa and with two triangular white dashes 
just before apex; a few scattered white scales at the end of the cell 
and on the fold. Cilia black; just below apex it 1s short so as to give 
the wing a slightly emarginate appearance. Hind wings blackish fus- 
cous with a bluish cast; cilia black. Abdomen iridescent blackish 
fuscous with silvery white underside. Legs blackish brown with 
white tarsal annulations. 

Alar expanse.—9-10 mm. 

Habitat —Cabima, Panama, May. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16669, U.S.N.M. 

A striking little species reminding one of the genus Apopira Wal- 
singham. 

BESCIVA, new genus. 


Type.—Besciva longitudinella, new species. 

Labial palpi long, recurved, sickle-formed; second joint somewhat 
thickened with scales, smooth; terminal joint longer than second, 
pointed. Antenne shorter than the fore wings. Fore wings narrow, 
elongate ovate with apex pointed; 11 veins: 7 and 8 coincident to 
costa; 6 separate to termen; 2, 3, 4, and 5 separate, nearly equidistant ; 
11 from beyond middle of cell, subobsolete toward the edge of the 
wing. Hind wings somewhat narrower than the fore wings with costa 
and dorsum nearly straight and parallel; apex produced, termen 
sinuated below apex; 8 veins: 6 and 7 longstalked; 6 to apex; 3 and 4 
shortstalked; 5 cubital. Posterior tibise hairy above. 

Allied to Untomia Busck, from which it differs in the separate veins 
3 and 4 of the fore wing, the stalked veins 3 and 4 of the hind wing, 
and in having vein 6 of the hind wing to apex. 


6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 47, 


BESCIVA LONGITUDINELLA, new species. 


Second joint of labial palpi white, barred exteriorly with light 
brown; terminal joint white with two indistinct brown annulations. 
Antenne light brown with white annulations. Face, head, and thorax 
white laterally with a light brown central streak. Fore wings with 
the white ground color strongly overlaid by light ochreous brown and 
black scales; a nearly continuous, longitudinal, undulating line runs 
through the middle of the wing from base to apex, bordered above 
with pure white; another black longitudinal line covers basal four- 
fifths of the fold; the rest of the wing area is ochreous brown, with the 
costal edge slightly dusted with black. Hind wings blackish fuscous 
with ochreous cilia. Abdomen blackish above, light ochreous on the 
under side. Legs whitish ochreous, dusted exteriorly with brown. 

Alar expanse.—9 mm. 

Habitat.—La Chorrera and Trinidad River, Panama, March, April. 

Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 16670, U.S.N.M. 


GALTICA, new genus. 


Type.—Galtica venosa, new species. 

Labial palpi long, sickle-formed, reaching far beyond vertex; sec- 
ond joint slightly thickened with appressed scales; terminal joint 
nearly as long as second, slender, acute. Fore wings elongate ovate; 
apex bluntly pointed; termen rounded; 11 veins; 7 and 8 coincident; 
4 and 5 shortstalked from the end of the cell; 2 and 3 widely separate 
from before the end of the cell; transverse vein nearly obsolete; 
16 furcate at base. Hind wings wider than the forewings; costa 
nearly straight, slightly deflected beyond the middle; apex bluntly 
pointed; termen and dorsum rounded; 8 veins; 6 and 7 separate, 
though approximate; 3 and 4 connate; 5 cubital. Posterior tibice 
with heavy spreading tufts of long bristly hairs above. 

This genus comes nearest to Diadytica Walsingham, from which it 
differs in having veins 4 and 5 of the fore wing shortstalked and in 
having 3 and 4 of the hind wings connate, not shortstalked; more 
strikingly distinguished in the very remarkable hair development of 
the posterior tibie; those of Diadytica being nearly smooth. 


GALTICA VENOSA, new species. 


Labial palpi straw-yellow, with a thin, longitudinal, anterior, deep 
black line from base to apex, somewhat broader on the terminal 
joint. Face, head, and thorax purplish black, mottled with a few 
yellow scales. Forewings deep dull black with a broad, ill-defined, 
yellow band across the wing near base and with all the veins on the 
outer half of the wing indicated by narrow, yellow lines; an irregular 
aggregation of yellow scales at tornus; cilia blackish with a yellow 
base line. Hindwings dark fuscous. Abdomen blackish fuscous. 


no. 2048. NEW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSCK. T 


Legs blackish with yellow tarsi; posterior tibie with very striking 
spreading tufts of yellow and black hairs, displayed conspicuously 
when the insect is at rest; posterior first tarsal joints thickened with 
smooth, dark metallic blue scales. 

Alar expanse.—18 mm. 

Habitat.—Porto Bello, Panama, April. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 15817, U.S.N.M. 


Genus ANACAMPSIS Curtis. 
Type.—Anacampsis populella Clerck. 
ANACAMPSIS PECULELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi silvery gray, shaded with darker gray, especially an- 
teriorly on the terminal joint. Antenne dark brown with narrow 
silvery annulations. Tongue silvery white. Mead and thorax dark 
brownish fuscous; face somewhat lighter. Ground color of the fore- 
wings is white but so strongly and evenly overlaid with dark brown 
scales as to be obscured, except under magnification; near the base 
is a broad, outwardly oblique, dark brown costal streak, reaching 
beyond the fold; on the middle of costa is a large, triangular spot, 
reaching to the lower edge of the cell; at the end of the cell is a 
small, moon-shaped, dark brown spot; just before termen and parallel 
with it is a broad, dark brown fascia, and between it and the discal 
spot is a narrower, less pronounced and slightly convex, dark brown 
fascia; cilia dark brown with lighter tips. Hindwings dark brown- 
ish fuscous. Abdomen dark brown above with each joint tipped 
with silvery white. Underside of body silvery white. Legs silvery 
white, barred and annulated with dark brown. 

Alar expanse.—11-12 mm. 

Habitat—Paraiso, Porto Bello, Trinidad River, and La Chorrera, 
Panama, February—May. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 15818, U.S.N.M. 

This species is very close to Anacampsis siderophaea Walsingham, 
but differs in the darker and more pronounced wing ornamentation 
and the lighter legs and body. A. siderophaea Walsingham has the 
abdomen uniformly dark brown above, without the silvery white 
crosslines possessed by the present species. 


ANACAMPSIS LAGUNCULARIELLA Busck. 


Anacampsis lagunculariella Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, 1900, p. 230; 
vol. 25, 1902, p. 848; Bull. 52, U.S. Nat. Mus., 1903, No. 5706. 
Anacampsis lagunculariella Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 10, 1901, p. 474. 
‘This species, hitherto known only from the bred type series from 
Palm Beach, Florida, was taken in several specimens at Corozal and 
La Chorrera, Panama, April-May. 
Foodplant.—Laguncularia racemosa. 


8 PROOBEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou, 47. 


ANACAMPSIS DORSALIS, new species. 


Second joint of labial palpi and base of third black, iridescent; 
upper four-fifths of terminal joint white. Antenne black, with basal 
fourth and extreme tip white. Face smoky; head and thorax 
whitish ochreous. Forewing whitish ochreous with a large, blackish 
brown, oval, dorsal spot, occupying more than a third of the wing 
space, beginning near the base and reaching to apical third of the 
dorsal edge and beyond the middle of the wing; apical part of the 
wing largely occupied by a strongly iridescent pearly area before and 
after which the wing is shaded with brown; apical third of costa 
blackish brown with a short, oblique, ochreous streak before a tri- 
angular apical spot; three short, black, longitudinal streaks on the 
terminal edge; cilia white with a brown line parallel to the wing 
edge. Hindwing dark fuscous with whitish costal edge. Abdomen 
dark fuscous with ochreous anal tuft and a series of lateral ochreous 
spots. Legs light ochreous with broad black bars on tibize and tarsi. 

Alar expanse.—13-14 mm. 

Habitat.—Trinidad River, Porto Bello, and La Chorrera, Panama, 
April, May, and June. 

Ty pe-specimen.—Cat. No. 15819, U.S.N.M. 

I have tried to identify this species with fuliginosa Felder and 
Rogenhofer, which, according to the figure, is very similar, but deem 
it safer to keep it under a separate name. 


ANACAMPSIS PHYTOMIELLA, new species. 


Second joint of labial palpi blackish green on the outer surface, 
whitish at apex and on the inner side; terminal joint with basal half 
white, except for a broad, dark green annulation and with outer half 
golden brown; extreme tip black. Head and thorax dark olive green; 
face a shade lighter green. Forewing dark green, mottled with light 
ocherous and blackish brown scales; on the middle of the costal edge 
is a black spot and at apical third is a similar spot; from both of these 
run faint, irregular, darker green, zigzag fascie across the wing out- 
wardly narrowly edged with ocherous; scattered irregularly over the 
wing are small tufts of blackish brown, raised scales and around 
apical and terminal edge is a subterminal row of black dots. Hind- 
wings dark blackish brown; darkest and nearly black towards the tip; 
costal edge above vein 8 silvery white. Abdomen blackish brown 
above, greenish fuscous below. Legs greenish brown with narrow, 
white annulations on the tarsal joints. 

Alar expanse.—18-19 mm. 

Habitat—Alhajuela, Cabima, and Porto Bello, Panama, March- 
June. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 15820, U.S.N.M. 


no. 2048. NHW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSOK. 9 


EE EEE EE ee 

A very good example of protective coloration. All of the thirty-odd 
specimens were taken on mossy tree trunks in the deep forest and 
their colors blended so well with those of the bark, that even when I 
saw them alight and after they had been disturbed by a puff of tobacco 
smoke, I would again and again lose sight of these quite large speci- 
mens. On one large tree trunk near Alhajuela, where the majority 
of the specimens were taken, many hundred were quietly sitting and 
could not be detected except by making them fly up, though I knew 
they were there. 


ANACAMPSIS BISTRIGELLA, new species. 


Second joint of labial palpi black exteriorly with apical edge white; 
inner side of second joint and the terminal joint whitish ocherous with 
a black dot just before the tip. Antenne ochreous with dark brown 
annulations. Face, head, and thorax light ochreous fuscous. Fore- 
wings light ochreous fuscous with white and blackish brown markings; 
costal edge with three blackish markings, one from base to basal fourth 
with a smaller projection obliquely outward, one an obliquely out- 
wardly directed streak on the middle and the third a large spot cover- 
ing apical third of the costal edge but interrupted by a thin, white, 
transverse, outwardly angulated fascia across the wing at apical 
fourth and by two, small, perpendicular streaks beyond this fascia; at 
the angle of the fascia isa narrow, longitudinal, black streak; apical 
edge with a marginal, black streak; cell and dorsal part of the wing 
mottled with several, irregular, small, blackish brown spots. Hind- 
wings dark fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous with light ochreous 
underside. Legs fuscous; tarsi blackish brown with the tips of the 
joints ochreous. 

Alar expanse.—8-9 mm. 

Habitat—Alhajuela and Cabima, Panama, April, May. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 15822, U.S.N.M. 

It reminds one in coloration and pattern of the North American 
Aproerema nigratomella Clemens. 


ANACAMPSIS UNISTRIGELLA, new species. 


Very similar to the foregoing species though somewhat darker and 
more greenish in color. The costal spots are nearly contiguous; the 
first one smaller than in bistrigella; the second and third separated 
only by a thin, white streak; there is only one whitestreaklet on the 
costal margin beyond the fascia and the longitudinal, black streak at 
the angle of the fascia is surrounded by white scales contiguous with 
the fascia; at the end of the cell are two, elongate, black streaks and 
the cell and dorsal part are not mottled. 

Alar expanse.—8 mm. 

Habitat.—Taboga Island, Panama, June. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 15821, U.S.N.M. 


10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. voL. 47: 


ANACAMPSIS CURTELLA, new species. 


Second joint of labial palpi light gray with blackish apex; terminal 
joint white with a broad, black band just below the tip. Face whitish 
gray. Head and thorax dark gray. Forewings dark gray, finely 
irrorated with minute greenish ochreous dusting; outer half of 
costal edge with an oblique, white streaklet at apical third and a per- 
pendicular, white streaklet just before apex; this latter nearly con- 
nects with a thin, perpendicular, white line across the wing, outside of 
which the tip of the wing is light gray with a single black longitudinal 
dash and a broad black marginal line narrowly edged with yellow. 
Hindwings dark brownish fuscous with basal half of costa silvery 
white. Abdomen dark fuscous above, silvery on the underside. 
Legs silvery gray; the tarsi blackish with narrow ochreous 
annulations. 

Alar expanse.—10, 11 mm. 

Habitat—Trinidad River, Panama, June. 

Type-specomen.—Cat. No. 15823, U.S.N.M. 

Closely allied to the two foregoing species, but larger and darker 


than either. 
ANACAMPSIS TERRENELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi dark fuscous; both joints with an anterior, thin, white 
line from base to apex, bordered on both sides with black. Face 
iridescent ochreous fuscous. Head and anterior part of thorax and 
base of the patagina blackish brown; posterior two-thirds of thorax 
and patagina light reddish brown. Forewings of a light reddish 
brown color with a violet sheen and sparsely dusted with black 
atoms; extreme base of costa, a small spot on the middle of costa, and 
another at apical third black; two ill-defined small black dots on the 
middle of the cell and a similar one at the end of the cell; entire tip 
and terminal cilia black; dorsal cilia ochreous. Hindwings broader 
than the forewings, dark fuscous, shiny; cilia a shade lighter. Abdo- 
men dark fuscous with underside and anal tuft ochreous. Legs 
ochreous shaded with black. 

Alar expanse.—16 mm. 

Habitat—Porto Bello, Panama, May. 

Type-specomen.—Cat. No. 16671, U.S.N.M. 


Genus PARASPISTIS Meyrick. 
Type.—Paraspistis palpigera Walsingham. 


PARASPISTIS PALPIGERA Walsingham. 


Gelechia palpigera WALSINGHAM, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1891, p. 94, pl. 4, fig. 31. 
Paraspistis ioloncha Meyrick, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 16, 1905, p. 600. 
Lipatia crotolariella Buscx, Bull. Dep. Agr. Trinidad, vol. 9, 1910, p. 243. 


Labial palpi light brown with second joint blackish exteriorly. 
Antenne light brown, annulated with white. Face, head, and thorax 


no. 2043. NEW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSCK. 1 


light brown. Forewings light ochreous brown, with a deeper tinge out- 
wardly and with costal edge becoming broadly dark brown toward the 
apex; on the middle of the wing, on the middle of the fold, and at 
tornus are small aggregations of blackish scales, ill-defined and easily 
rubbed off. Hindwings blackish fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous with 
the basal joints velvety ochreous above. Legs ochreous, sprinkled 
with black exteriorly; tarsi blackish with narrow ochreous annulations. 

Alar expanse.—13—14 mm. 

Habitat—British West Indies, F. W. Urich, coll. 

Food-plant.— Crotolarva. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 13382, U.S.N.M. Cotype in British 
Museum. 

Bred by Mr. Urich from the pods of Crotolaria. There has been 
for many years aspecimen of this species in the United States National 
Museum, bred by Dr. H. G. Dyar from pods of ‘‘woman’s tongue,” 
Acacia? sp. at Nassau, Providence Island, British West Indies, in 
1891, which indicates a quite extensive range of the species. 

While collating Mr. Meyrick’s descriptions of East Indian genera 
with my synoptic tables I recognized in his Paraspistis ioloncha, 
described from four Ceylon specimens my Lipatia crotolariella, 
described from Trinidad, and sent Mr. Meyrick a specimen of the 
latter for verification. Mr. Meyrick concurred in this synonymy 
and was good enough to give me the further synonomy of Gelechia 
palpigera Walsingham, described from East Africa. 

This interesting species, previously also recorded by the author 
from the Bahamas, was taken at Alhajuela and Corozal, Panama, 
April, 1911. 

It breeds in the pods of Crotolaria and has attained its remarkable 
geographic distribution with its food-plant. 


Genus RECURVARIA Haworth. 


Type.—Recurvaria nanella Hitbner. 
RECURVARIA PUTELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi whitish; second joimt with two, large, poorly defined, 
ochreous brown blotches anteriorly, one reaching from base to 
beyond middle, the other just before the end of the joint; terminal 
joint white, with two black annulations; apex white. Face white; 
head mottled with ochreous. Antenne white sharply annulated with 
blackish brown. Thorax white, mottled with ochreous and brown. 
Forewings with the white ground color, strongly suffused with gray, 
brown, ochreous, and black scales; a large blackish brown, dorsal 
blotch at the base of the wing terminates in tufts of raised scales, 
the tips of which are white; three equidistant, blackish, costal spots, 
one near the base, one before the middle, and one at apical third; a 
central, longitudinal, black streak is edged on both sides with ochreous 


ip PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47, 


and is interrupted at apical fourth by a transverse streak of tufted 
whitish scales; cilia gray. Hindwings dark gray with cilia a shade 
lighter. Abdomen silvery white, shaded laterally with fuscous. 
Legs white; tarsal joints with black annulations. 

Alar expanse.—7 mm. 

Habitat—Paraiso, Isthmian Canal Zone. La Chorrera, Panama, 
May, April. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 15824, U.S.N.M. 

Reminding in a general way of Recurvaria sticta Walsingham, but 
is smaller and with more mottled wing ornamentation. 


RECURVARIA FLAVIDELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi ochreous; second joint with rather larger tuft than is 
normal in the genus; terminal joint with two deep black annulations. 
Antenne ochreous with black annulations. Face silvery white. 
Head light ochreous. Thorax darker ochreous. Forewings light 
ochreous, suffused on costal and apical half with darker ochreous; 
on the middle of the cell is a small black dot and below it on the fold 
is a tuft of raised scales; at the end of the cell are two, small, black 
dots, one above the other, below which a tuft of raised scales, narrowly 
edged with black; on the middle of costa is an inconspicuous, out- 
wardly oblique, black streaklet; at apical fourth is a similar, but 
much more pronounced black streak, reaching nearly to termen and 
edged posteriorly with light ochreous; around the apical edge is a 
series of short black lines. Cilia dark ochreous with lighter tips. 
Hindwings light ochreous fuscous with light ochreous cilia. Abdo- 
men light ochreous above, silvery below. Legs ochreous; tarsal 
joints annulated with black. 

Alar expanse.—7 mm. 

Habitat —Paraiso, Isthmian Canal Zone. April, May. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 15825, U.S.N.M. 

This species is very close to R. apicitripunctella Clemens, and R. 
variella Chambers, smaller than either and differing, aside from 
details of ornamentation, in the more tufted palpi. 


Genus GELECHIA Hubner. 
Type—Gelechia rhombella Hiibner. 
GELECHIA TRADUCELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi with second joint nearly smooth and terminal joint 
fully as long as second; black, minutely sprinkled with white scales, 
which on the terminal joint form an indistinct, longitudinal, anterior 
line. Lower part of face black; upper part and head light ochreous. 
Antenne black with short, longitudinal, silvery white streaks. Thorax 
black. Forewings black with a light yellow, oblique fascia from basal 
fourth of costa to basal third of dorsum and with a spot of the same 


no. 2048. NEW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSCK. 13 


color on apical fourth of costa; upper part of cilia black, lower part 
yellow. Hindwings blackish fuscuous. Abdomen blackish fuscous 
above, underside ochreous. Legs black with a broad, yellow band 
at the end of the posterior tibie and with narrow, yellow tarsal 
annulations. 

Alar expanse.—12 mm. 

Habitat—La Chorrera, Panama, May. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 15826, U.S.N.M. 

Reminds in a general way of Arogalea sonorella Busck, which was 
collected at-light at the same time as the present species. It is easily 
distinguished by the complete yellow fascia on the forewings. 


GELECHIA GENIATELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi with well developed triangular tuft, white with a 
blackish bar on the middle and an ochreous pencil in the tuft; 
terminal joint fully as long as second, white sparsely sprinkled with 
brown. Face white, iridescent. Head mottled with gray. Thorax 
white mottled with gray and ochreous. Forewings white overlaid 
with dark gray and ochreous scales; on the middle of the cell are two 
large tufts of dark erect scales, one above the other and together reach- 
ing nearly across the wing; the bases of these tufts are yellow; on the 
costa are four dark brown spots edged below with yellow; at tornus 
is a fugitive ring of dark brown scales with a few yellow scales within; 
apical part of the wing is heavily overlaid with dark brown which 
obscures a row of dark terminal dots. Hindwings semitransparent 
on basal half; dark fuscous on apical half; the males have a strong 
costal tuft, ochreous at base, blackish brown at tips; veins 6 and 7 
are long stalked; veins 8 and 4 short stalked. Abdomen dark 
silvery fuscous above, whitish on the underside. Legs whitish 
ochreous, sprinkled with black and with black tarsal annulations. 

Alar expanse.—11-12 mm. 

Habitat—Porto Bello, Trinidad River, Alhajuela, Paraiso and 
Corozal, Panama, March—May. 

Type-specomen.—Cat. No. 15827, U.S.N.M. 

A rather extreme form with its Y psolophus-like tuft, its long- 
stalked veins 6 and 7, its strongly tufted forewings and with the male 
costal hair pencil, which is rather exceptional in the genus, but 
withal properly included in Gelechia. 


AROGA, new genus. 


Type.—Gelechia paraplutella Busck.* 

Labial palpi long, recurved; second joint thickened with rough, 
slightly furrowec brush on the underside; terminal joint long, slen- 
der, acute, shorter than the second. Forewings elongate, smooth; 
costa and dorsum nearly straight and parallel until apical fourth; 


— 


1 Proo. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 11, 1900, p. 181. 


14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


apex pointed; termen oblique; 12 veins; 7 and 8 stalked; 2, 3, 4, and 
5 separate, nearly equidistant; 2 and 3 from before the corner of the 
cell; 16 furcate at base. Hindwings as broad or broader than the 
forewings; apex somewhat produced; termen sinuate; 8 veins; 3 and 
4 separate but approximate; 5 cubital; 6 and 7 separate. Posterior 
tibiz hairy above. 

A genus for the reception of species immediate between Gelechia 
Authores and Telphusa Chambers, differing from the former in hay- 
ing 3 and 4 of the hindwings separate, not connate, and from the lat- 
ter in having veins 6 and 7 in the hindwings separate, not stalked. 
The genus, Arogalea Walsingham‘ conforms to these demands, but 
differs from the present genus in the approximation of veins 3, 4, and 
5 from the end of the cell in the forewings and by the raised scales of 
the forewings as well as in the form of the labial palpi. Parastega 
Meyrick? differs from the present genus in the form of the palpi and 
in having veins 3 and 4 of the forewings stalked. 


AROGA PARAPLUTELLA Busck. 
Gelechia paraplutella Buscx, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 11, 1909, p. 181. 

Labial palpi creamy white; extreme base of second joint and the 
terminal joint sprinkled with black scales; brush well-developed, 
furrowed. Antenne deep black. Face and head creamy white. 
Thorax light clay-yellow; patagina black. Forewings blackish fus- 
cous with entire dorsal part below the fold light reddish yellow; in 
faded specimens this color becomes yellowish white. Hindwings 
light fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous with light anal tuft. Legs 
ochreous on. their inner sides, heavily barred with black externally; 
tarsi with broad black annulations. 

Alar expanse.—11-12 mm. 

Habitat.—San. Diego, California, May and July. L. E. Ricksecker, 
coll.; Los Angeles, California, June, Dyar and Caudell, coll. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 12688, U.S.N.M. 

A single rubbed specimen from Paraiso, Panama, January, is with 
some doubt referred to this species. 


Genus PSORICOPTERA Stainton. 


Type.—Psoricoptera gibbosella Zeller. 
PSORICQPTERA HORA, new species. 

Labial palpi ochreous; terminal joint and outer side of second joint 
shaded with black. Antenne light ochreous, annulated with dark 
brown. Face light golden ochreous. Head and thorax darker ochre- 
ous, mottled with dark brown. Forewings light ochreous, shaded 
and longitudinally streaked with blackish brown; a large, dark, brown 


1 Biol. Cent.-Amer., Vol. 4, 1910, p. 98. 
2 Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1912, p. 693. 


no. 2043. NEW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSOK. 15 


spot reaches from the middle of costa to apical fifth and is followed 
by a small, unmottled, ochreous space; on the middle of the fold is a 
black streak; extreme tip of the wing blackish; cilia ochreous with 
a basal and a terminal black lme. Hindwings light fuscous with 
edges and cilia a shade darker. Abdomen dirty ochreous. Legs 
ochreous, barred with dark brown; tarsi annulated with black. 

Alar expanse.—12 mm. 

Hatitat.—Alhajuela, Panama, April. 

Type-speciomen.—Cat. No. 15828, U.S.N.M. 

An inconspicuous species reminding of Phthorimaea striatella 
Murtfeldt. 

Genus TELPHUSA Chambers. 


Type.— Telphusa longifasciella Clemens. 
TELPHUSA OBLIGATA, new species. 


Second joint of the labial palpi black with white apex; terminal 
joint white. Face silvery ochreous. Antenne light ochreous with 
narrow black annulations. Head and thorax light reddish ochreous. 
Forewings light ochreous with a strong rosy tint, especially on costal 
and apical part; and sparsely sprinkled with minute black atoms; at 
basal third of costa is a large, deep black, outwardly oblique spot, 
reaching beyond the fold; at apical third is a deep black costal spot; 
a series of small terminal dots black; base of dorsum and a small dot 
on the middle of the wing near base black; cilia reddish ochreous. 
Hindwings light fuscous. Abdomen fuscous with the posterior edge 
of each joint and with anal tuft ochreous. Legs ochreous; tarsal 
joints barred with black. 

Alar expanse.—11 mm. 

Hatbitat.—La Chorrera, Panama, May. 

Ty pe-specumen.—Cat. No. 15829, U.S.N.M. 

A pretty species with a bold, easily recognized wing ornamentation. 


TELPHUSA MEDULELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi ochreous, mottled with black; terminal joints mostly 
black, but with base and extreme apex ochreous. Antenne black 
with first jomt and apical joints tipped with yellow. Face and head 
ochreous, slightly tipped with black. Thorax blackish brown on 
anterior half, ochreous posteriorly; patagina brown. Forewings 
ochreous and dark brown in about equal proportion; taking the 
brown as ground-color, there is an ill-defined ochreous band from 
near the base of costa to the middle of dorsum and thence upward 
again across the outer part of the cell to apical third of costa; this 
uneven band is loosely connected with an ochreous spot on apical 
fourth of costa by a downwardly curved narrow band and also with 
a yellow spot at base of dorsum, the whole forming a very irregular 


16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47. 
ea ee ee ee 


zigzag band of more or less raised scales on the smooth dark back- 
ground; at the end of the cell are two deep black dots and on the 
middle of the fold is a similar, smaller, black dot; cilia dark fuscous. 
Hindwings light fuscous; cilia with ochreous base. Abdomen fus- 
cous mottled with ochreous and with ochreous anal tuft. Legs 
blackish brown with the ends of the joints annulated with yellow. 

Alar expanse.—9 mm. 

Habitat——Porto Bello and Trinidad River, Panama, March, April, 
and May. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 15830, U.S.N.M. 


Genus PARASTEGA Meyrick. 


Type.—Parastega niveisignella Zeller. 


PARASTEGA CURVATELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi blackish brown, slightly sprinkled with white and with 
extreme apex white. Face, head, and thorax blackish brown. Fore- 
wings blackish brown with a purple sheen; from basal fifth of costa 
runs a narrow white streak obliquely outwards and downwards to 
the fold and is continued much attenuated and obscurely beyond the 
fold outwardly in a shallow curve; on the fold is an interrupted, light 
brown, longitudinal streak; at apical fifth is a small white costal spot; 
cilia blackish brown. Hindwings dark fuscous. Abdomen blackish 
brown with small ochreous anal tuft. Legs blackish brown with nar- 
row white annulations at the end of the joints. 

Alar expanse.—12-14 mm. 

Habitat—Porto Bello, Trinidad River, and La Chorrera, Panama, 
March—May. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 15731, U.S.N.M. 

Close to and easily mistakable for the type of the genus, P. nivei- 
signella Zeller, but differing in the much narrower and longer basal 
costal spot and the smaller apical, costal, white spot. P. chionostigma 
Walsingham, described as Telphusa, must also be referred to this 
genus; it is easily separated by its white head and bold, clear-cut 
wing markings. 

PARASTEGA TRICHELLA, new species. 

Labial palpi black; second joint with brush rust brown; terminal 
joint with an anterior line of white dots and with extreme apex 
white. Antenne purplish black. . Face, head, and thorax purplish 
black. Forewings blackish brown with strong purple sheen; at 
basal fourth is a narrow, outwardly oblique, straight, silvery white 
streak; at apical fourth is a small triangular outwardly pointed white 
costal streak; cilia bluish dotted with dark brown. Hindwings 
dark fuscous. Abdomen blackish brown. Legs black with narrow 
white annulations at the end of the joints. 

Alar expamse.—11 mm. 


no. 2048, NEW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSCK. Ay, 


Habitat—Porto Bello and Trinidad River, Panama, April, May. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 15832, U.S.N.M. 

Very close to the foregoing species, curvatella Busck, but smaller, 
more shiny, with less white ornamentations and without the brown 
streak on thefold. The reddish brown palpal brush at once separates 
this species. 


Genus AROGALEA Walsingham. 
Type.—Arogalea cristifasciella Chambers. 
AROGALEA SORONELLA, new species. 


Second joint of labial palpi white above and at apex with black 
underside; terminal joint black, with extreme tip white. Face and 
head whitish yellow. Antenne black. Thorax black with two,small, 
yellow, posterior tufts of raised scales. Forewings deep black with 
light yellow markings; an oblique yellow spot on basal fourth of 
costa; a yellow spot on apical fourth of costa; a small yellow tuft of 
raised scales on the middle of the fold; black scale tufts at basal 
fourth and at the end of the cell, the latter with a few yellow scales; 
a minute yellow dot at tornus; cilia black. Hindwings blackish 
fuscous. Abdomen black with yellow anal tuft. Legs black; 
tarsal joints annulated with yellow. 

Alar expanse.—12-13 mm. 

Habitat—lLa Chorrera and Cabima, Panama, May. 

Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 15833, U.S.N.M. 

Reminds in coloration and pattern very much of the somewhat 
larger Parastega chionostigma Walsingham, from which it is, however, 
at once distinguished by the yellow dots on the thorax and the differ- 
ently colored labial palpi. 


Genus DICHOMERIS Htibner. 
Type.—Dichomeris ligulella Hibner. 
DICHOMERIS TRISTICTA, new species. 


Second joint of labial palpi with well-developed brush (J/alaco- 
triche type), ight brown on the inner side; blackish brown exteriorly, 
with tip of the brush white; terminal joint light brown. Antenney 
light ochreous brown with narrow black annulations. Face, head 
and thorax light ochreous brown; extreme posterior tip of thorax 
black. Forewings light ochreous brown with a round black dot on 
the middle of the cell, another at the end of the cell and a similar one 
on the fold, ail slightly edged with reddish brown; base of costal edge 
black; around the apical edge is a series of small black dots. Hind- 
wings dark brownish fuscous. Abdomen ochreous brown. Legs 
ochreous on the inner sides, blackish exteriorly. 

34843 °—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——2 


18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47. 


ee ES — —  ————— SS 


Alar expanse.—14 mm. 

Habitat—Trinidad River, Panama, May. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16672, U.S.N.M. 

Nearest and very similar to D. hezasticta Walsingham, but differing 
in the number of discal dots and in the much darker hindwings. 


DICHOMERIS COSTALIS, new species. 


Second joint of labial palpi with strong rounded tuft above and 
beneath; ochreous at base, brush blackish, minutely dotted with 
white; terminal joint blackish brown with silvery base. Lower face 
golden ochreous; upper face and head colored like the palpal tuft. 
Thorax dark brown; patagina light ochreous brown with a palpal 
sheen. Entire costal part of the wing light ochreous brown with a 
violet sheen; this color is edged by a deep velvety black, longitudinal 
streak from the inner angle of the wing to apex; this black color 
gradually fades into the dark blackish fuscous color which occupies the 
dorsal half of the wing; a thin indistinct black line parallel with ter- 
men; cilia dark fuscous with a faint ochreous base line. Hindwing 
shiny light fuscous; underside of wing with strong golden reflections. 
Abdomen dark fuscous with golden ochreous underside and anal tuft. 
Legs ochreous with fuscous tarsi' The males have a thin golden 
yellow hair-pencil on each side of thorax at the base of the forewings, 
which can be expanded up over the base of the wing. 

Alar expanse.—20 mm. 

Habitat—Tabogilla Island and Porto Bello, Panama, February, 
April. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16673, U.S.N.M. 

Closely allied to D. arotrosema Walsingham and D. varronia Busck, 
and at once recognizable by its striking longitudinal wing pattern. 


DICHOMERIS EXCAVATA, new species. 


Second joint of labial palpi smooth, Trichotaphe-formed, golden 
orange, shaded on the upper side with black; terminal joint ochreous, 
strongly suffused with black. Face silvery white; head deep metallic 
blue. Thorax metallic blue, laterally ochreous; patagina blue, 
ochreous at tip. Forewing with undulating costa, strongly arched at 
basal third, depressed on the middle and again arched at apical third; 
dorsal edge strongly excavated beyond the middle; tornus prominent; 
metallic blue with dark brown markings; at basal third is a broad, 
outwardly convex deep brown velvety fascia; entire terminal third of 
the wing deep blackish brown with a costal blue blotch extended as a 
thin, blue, marginal line around the edge; on the middle of the wing 
are four large, poorly defined, round, brown spots; cilia golden 
brown with a basal marginal black line. Hindwing dark fuscous 
with bluish cilia; costa produced at apical fourth and there clothed 


no. 20483. NEW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSCK. 19 


with a tuft of long, bluish black cilia. Abdomen bluish black. Legs 
bluish black with narrow ochreous tarsal annulations. 

Alar expanse.—14 mm. 

Habitat.—Porto Bello, Panama, March. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16674, U.S.N.M. 

Easily recognized by the bizarre wing form and the metallic 
coloration 

DICHOMERIS PERCEPTELLA, new species. 

Labial palpi smooth, Trichotaphe-formed; second joint but slightly 
thickened with smoothly appressed scales; third joint siender, black 
exteriorly, dark fuscous, iridescent on the inner side and with a thin 
longitudinal white line in front from base to apex. Face and head 
dark bluish fuscous. Thorax dark bluish brown. Forewings blackish 
brown with a violet sheen and with three, large, conspicuous, reddish 
orange blotches occupying about half of the wing space; the first of 
these orange spots lies on the basal third of costa and extends ob- 
liquely outward and downward over the cell beyond the fold, nearly, 
but not quite, to the dorsal edge, ending in a sharp point above the 
middle of the dorsum; the second ochreous spot lies on apical third 
of costa, is like the first, irregularly pentagonal, with a point toward 
but not reaching dorsum and a sharp attenuated point toward apex; 
the third smaller orange spot, on costa, just before apex is drop- 
shaped and is continued as a submarginal yellow line along termen 
and dorsum, ending between the two large orange spots; cilia black- 
ish fuscous. Hindwing nearly black. Abdomen black with whitish 
underside and small ochreous anal tuft. Legs black with narrow 
white annulations at the joints. 

Alar expanse.—14-15 mm. 

Habitat—La Chorrera, and Cabima, Panama, May, June. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16675, U.S.N.M. 


DICHOMERIS LUMINOSA, new species. 


This is the Atlantic representative of the foregoing species, very 
similar in coloration and easily mistaken for it but quite distinct, 
both in structure and ornamentation. Labial palpi dark steel gray, 
with a thin, anterior, longitudinal, reddish orange line from base to 
apex; second joint smoothly thickened with compressed scales; ter- 
minal joint with compressed tuft of scales on its posterior edge. Face 
silvery fuscous. Head and thorax dark brown; base of patagina 
silvery. Forewings nearly identical in color and ornamentation with 
those of perceptella, but with the blackish brown part even more violet 
iridescent, with a light yellow inner edge of the first orange spot, 
with a light yellow central dash in the second orange spot and with 
this spot more rounded and without the dorsal and apical attenua- 
tions found in D. perceptella. Hindwings, abdomen and legs colored 
like the foregoing species. 


20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


Alar expanse.—14 mm. 

Habitat.—Porto Bello, Panama, March. 

Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 16676, U.S.N.M. 

I also have a specimen of this species from St. Jean, French Guiana 
W. Schaus, collector. 


DICHOMERIS CORNUTA, new species. 


Both joints of labial palpi smooth in front but with compressed 
tufts of scales posteriorly; dark fuscous with a bluish sheen and with 
extreme tip ochreous. Face light iridescent. Head dark fuscous. 
Antenne ochreous with narrow, dark fuscous annulations. Anterior 
edge of thorax and base of patagina dark fuscous; rest of thorax light 
golden brown. Forewings light golden brown with base of costal 
edge and a large, triangular spot on apical third of costa dark brown, 
the edges of which are strongly iridescent; at the end of the fold is a 
dark brown spot, surrounded by strongly iridescent scales; at apical 
fifth is a perpendicular, dark brown line across the wing tip edged 
exteriorly with a strongly iridescent patch of steel blue scales; apical 
cilia golden ochreous; terminal cilia dark brown with ochreous base 
and preceded by dark brown marginal line. Hindwing dark fuscous. 
Abdomen dark fuscous with ochreous anal tuft and silvery white 
underside. Legs fuscous with narrow indistinct ochreous tarsal 
annulations. 

Alar expanse.—13 mm. 

Habitat.—Corozal and Trinidad River, Panama, March and June. 

Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 16677, U.S.N.M. 


DICHOMERIS STELLATELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi with smoothly appressed scales, light golden ochreous, 
shaded with dark metallic blue exteriorly. Lower face light ochreous; 
upper face, head, and thorax dark metallic bluish black. Forewing 
dark brown suffused with metallic blue and with scattered single sil- 
very and light blue scales; a few of these congregate to form an ill-de- 
fined costal spot at apical third. Cilia blackish brown. Hindwing 
dark brownish fuscous. Abdomen bluish black with silvery white 
underside. Legs dark fuscous, with narrow ochreous tarsal annu- 
lations. 

Alar expanse.—9 mm. 

Hatitat.—Taboga Island, Panama, February. 

Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 16678, U.S.N.M. 


PAVOLECHIA, new genus. 


Type. —Pavolechia ar gentea, new species. 

Labial palpi long, slender, smooth, recurved; second joint slighibe 
thickened with smoothly cnpeested scales; terminal joint half as 
long as second, thin, acute. Antenne simple, shorter than the fore- 


no. 2048. NHW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSCK. 21 


wings. Head and thorax smooth. Forewings with costa straight to 
apical fourth, thence deflected; apex tolerably pointed; termen 
oblique, slightly sinuate; tornus rounded; 11 veins; one costal vein 
[9] absent or 7 and 8 coincident, stalked with 9; 2, 3, 4, and 5 nearly 
equidistant; 4 from the corner of the cell; 1 6 furcate at base. -Hind- 
wings quite as broad as the forewings, broadest at tornus; with color 
pattern; costa straight; apex blunt; termen not much oblique and 
hardly sinuate; 7 veins; vein 5 absent; 3 and 4 connate; 6 and 7 
connate. Posterior tibie hairy above. 

Related to Menesta Clemens and the Dichomeris group; amply 
differentiated from any described genus by the venation and by the 
ornamented hindwings, which give it a Choreutid appearance. 


PAVOLECHIA ARGENTEA, new species. 


Second joint of labial palpi bright saffron yellow; terminal joint 
dusky. Face ochreous fuscous. Antenne dark brown. Head and 
thorax greenish or purplish metallic brown, according to the light. 
Forewings dark blackish brown with a bright, bluish metallic sheen; 
a round, silvery white dot on the cell and an oblong, silvery white 
dash at the end of the cell; cilia golden yellow at apex, otherwise 
dark brown. Hindwings blackish brown with a large silvery white 
spot on the middle of costa and a somewhat smaller similar spot just 
below it on the dorsal edge; apical cilia tipped with silvery white; on 
the underside is a complete silvery white fascia in the place of the white 
spots and a less complete narrower white fascia at basal fourth; 
underside of the forewing has the two silvery white spots of the upper 
side and a third such spot below them on the dorsal edge. Abdomen 
blackish brown, iridescent on upper side; underside silvery white. 
* Legs blackish brown with silvery white annulations on the middle 
and at the tip of the tibie. 

Alar expanse.—11 mm. 

Habitat—Trinidad River, Panama, March. 

Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 16679, U.S.N.M. 

A brilliant day-flying moth reminding one of the genus Brenthia 
Clemens. 

PROMENESTA, new genus. 


Type.—Promenesta lithochroma, new species. 

Labial palpi long, recurved; second joint slightly thickened with 
appressed scales; terminal joint slender, acute, nearly as long as 
second. Antenne three-fourths the length of the forewings. Fore- 
wings with costa gently arched; apex rounded; termen perpendicular; 
dorsum straight; 10 vems: 7 and 8 coincident; 2 and 3 coincident; 
rest separate. Hindwings broader than the forewings, apex blunt; 
termen and dorsum rounded; 8 veins: 6 and 7 stalked; 3 and 4 
stalked; 5 approximate to 4. Posterior tibie rough-haired above. 


22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47, 


Correlated with Menestra Clemens, from which it differs by having 
3 and 4 in the hindwings stalked, not coincident. 


PROMENESTA LITHOCHROMA, new species. 


Labial palpi light ochreous; second jot shaded with fuscous ex- 
teriorly. Face light strawcolored, nearly white, iridescent. Head 
light strawcolored. Antenne light ochreous. Thorax lght saffron 
yellow. Forewings light saffron without any markings; edges and 
apical part slightly darker. Hindwing light yellow. Abdomen light 
ochreous with whitish iridescent underside. Legs light strawcolored; 
tarsi dusky. 

Alar expanse.—12-13 mm. 

Habitat.—Alhajuela, Trinidad River, and Porto Bello, Panama, 
March. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16680, U.S.N.M. 


PROMENESTA MARGINELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi white; second joint with base blackish brown and 
with a brown bar exteriorly; terminal joint with base and an annu- 
Jation just before the tip blackish brown. Face pure white, irides- 
cent. Head dark greenish fuscous. Antenne dark fuscous with 
white bases. Thorax dark olive brown. Forewings dark olive brown 
with costal, apical, and terminal edges narrowly bright saffron yellow; 
just before the terminal edge is a marginal series of black dots; 
cilia yellow. Hindwings dark fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous 
above with silvery white underside. Legs strawcolored with dusky 
tarsi. 

Alar expanse.—10 mm. 

Habitat.—Trinidad River, Panama, March. 

Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 16681, U.S.N.M. 

Looks like a dimunitive Stenoma marginata Busck. (See p. 49.) 


Family C2COPHORID. 
HAMADERA, new genus. 


Type.—Hamadera aurea, new species. 

Labial palpi long, thin, sickle formed; second joint but slightly 
thickened with smoothly appressed scales; terminal joint much 
longer than second, slender, acute. Antennz somewhat longer than 
forewings, simple, without pecten on basal joint. Head and thorax 
smooth. Forewings with costal and dorsal edges nearly straight and 
parallel but both slightly concave at the end of the cell; apex and 
termen evenly rounded; 11 veins: 7 and 8 coincident; 2 and 3 connate 
from the corner of the cell; 4 from the end of the cell; 5 distant; 6 to 
apex; 9 and 10 from near the end of the cell; 11 from before middle; 
12 in the female normal, in the male curved downward and running 


no. 2048. NHW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSCK. 23 


into vein 11 at its basal third, with the membrane above it thickened; 
1 b furcate at base. Hindwings as broad as the forewings; costa 
straight; apex bluntly pointed; termen and dorsum evenly rounded; 
8 veins: 3 and 4 stalked; 5 parallel with 4; 6 and 7 parallel; 8 free. 
Posterior tibize nearly smooth. 

Agreeing with Fabiola Busck and Himotica Meyrick in having 
veins 7 and 8 in the forewings coincident; differs from both in the 
long antennez and the very long terminal joint of the palpi; Fabiola 
has 2 and 3 in the forewings widely separate; Himotica has these 
veins stalked and the present genus has 2 and 3 connate. 


HAMADERA AUREA, new species. 


Labial palpi blackish with basal half of second joint golden yellow. 
Face, head, and thorax metallic blue, strongly iridescent. Antenne 
deep black with a broad, white annulation just before the tip. Basal 
half of the forewings deep black, with a broad, semicircular, metallic 
blue band from near the base to just before the middle of the costa; 
the ends of this band on the very edge white; a large, contiguous, 
metallic blue spot on the fold near base and another similar one on 
the middle of the fold, neither reaching the dorsal edge; apical half 
of the wing deep golden yellow, which color sends a broad projection 
into the dark basal part on the middle of the cell; extreme tip of the 
wing and a slender projection therefrom into the yellow part dark 
violaceous, strongly metallic and iridescent; apical cilia purplish 
black; terminal cilia dusky golden. Hindwings blackish brown 
with the costal edge above vein 8 silvery white; cilia dark bronze. 
Abdomen blackish fuscous above; underside silvery white. Legs 
blackish with broad light yellow bands and narrow yellow annulations 
on the tarsal joints 

Alar expanse.—11-12 mm. 

Habitat —Trinidad River, Panama, March. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16682, U.S.N.M. 

A brilliantly colored species, which reminds in a noteworthy degree 
of the similarly sized Dichomeris extertorella Walker and D. luminella 
Busck; like these species, it is a day-flying, sun-loving insect. 


COSTOMA, new genus. 


Type.—Costoma basirosella, new species. 

Labial palpi long, recurved, smooth; second joint somewhat 
thickened with scales; terminal joint shorter than second, stout, 
acute. Antenne simple, without pecten on basal joint. Head and 
thorax smooth. Forewings elongate ovate; costa and dorsum 
shghtly and evenly curved; apex and termen rounded; 12 veins: 
2 and 3 stalked; 7 and 8 stalked; 9 out of the stalk; 7 to apex; 11 
from before middle of cell; 1 6 furcate at base. Hindwings as broad 


24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 4%, 


as the forewings; costa straight; apex blunt; termen and dorsum 
evenly rounded; 8 veins: 3 and 4 stalked; 5 parallel; 6 and 7 sepa- 
rate and parallel. Posterior tibize hairy above. 

COSTOMA BASIROSELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi, face, and head bright yellow. Thorax purplish brown, 
edged laterally with pink; patagina pink with brown base and yellow 
tip. Base of the forewings light pink, on the costa yellow; this bright 
colored base issharply limited outwardly by a narrow, blackish brown, 
transverse fascia; beyond this fascia the wing is dark olive brown 
with the costal edge from basal fourth outwardly, broadly yellow, and 
with the entire apical, terminal, and dorsal edge narrowly yellow. 
Hindwings dark brownish fuscous. Abdomen blackish above; 
underside and anal tuft yellow. Legs yellow with dark brown tarsal 
annulations. 

Alar expanse.—31 mm. 

Habitat—Trinidad River, Panama, June. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16683, U.S.N.M. 

This large, handsome species has a noteworthy resemblance to the 
somewhat larger Arctiid moth, Automolis (Cratoplastis) diluta Felder.t 
and even more strikingly so to the Lithosiid Diarhabdosia coroides 
Schaus? and to the Stenomid moth, Stenoma lampyridella Busck,’ 
both of which were taken at the same place and at the same time as 
Costoma basirosella. The same coloration in all these species, though 
differently placed, give the same general impression at first sight; 
they all probably imitate a large lampyrid beetle, Cratomorphus sp., 
which occurred commonly at the same time and place as the last 
three named Lepidoptera and which both in flight and alighting 
resemble them very remarkably. 


RHINDOMA, new genus. 


Type.—Rhindoma rosapicella, new series, 

Labial palpi long, recurved; second joint comparatively short, 
somewhat thickened with scales, rough anteriorly; terminal joint 
more than twice as long as second, rather stout, compressed, with 
rough anterior edge; apex acute. Antenne longer than the fore- 
wings, simple; basal joint without pecten. Forewings elongate; costa 
sinuate beyond middle; apex rounded; termen oblique; dorsum 
straight; 12 veins: 7 and 8 stalked; 7 to below apex; 2, 3, and 4 
approximate, but separate. Hindwings narrower than the fore- 
wings; costa sinuate beyond the middle; apex and termen rounded; 
8 veins: 3 and 4stalked; 5 cubital but distant; 6 and 7 separate and 
parallel. Posterior tibiz rough above. 

1 Reise Novara, 1867, pl. 102, fig. & 


2Ann. Acad. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 7, 1911, p. 368. 
3 See p. 41. 


xno. 2043. NHW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSCK. 25 


The long and rather stout antenne and the remarkably long ter- 
minal joint of the labial palpi easily separate this genus. It differs 
from Lupercalia Busck, Filinota Busck, and Mnesichara Walsingham, 
which it resembles in the long antenne, in having vein 7 of the fore- 
wing to termen, in 3 and 4 of the forewing separate, and in 3 and 4 
of the hindwing stalked, not coincident. 


RHINDOMA ROSAPICELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi blackish brown; terminal joint with light ochreous 
tip. Antenne light ochreous. Head and thorax blackish brown; 
face a shade lighter. Forewings with large dorsal patch, reaching to 
the end of the cell, blackish brown; costal area above this patch and 
terminal area beyond it light ochreous; at apical third is an elongate 
blackish brown costal streak edged toward the base with orange scales 
and apically with light rose-colored scales; these latter persist in a 
narrow band around apex and include a dark brown subapical spot;” 
a few rose-colored scales are also found below the costal spot and an 
indistinct and ill-defined orange streak crosses the apical light ochreous 
area. 

Hindwings dark brownish fuscous, with rose-colored tip. Abdomen 
brownish fuscous above, underside and anal tuft ochreous. Legs 
light ochreous, shaded externally with blackish brown; tarsal joint 
dark brown with narrow ochreous annulations. 

Alar expanse.—12-13 mm. 

Habitat.—Alhajuela and Trinidad River, Panama, April, May. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16684, U.S.N.M. 


Genus PSILOCORSIS Clemens. 


Type.—Psilocorsis quercicella Clemens. 
PSILOCORSIS CRUCIFERA, new species. 


Second joimt of labial palpi light yellow mottled with wine red; 
terminal joint yellow with a broad, wine-red band on the middle. 
Face light-straw yellow. Head and thorax light yellow, mottled with 
wine red. Antenne dark brown with basal joints wine red. Fore- 
wings light yellow with all the veins sharply outlined in wine red; 
costal and terminal edges dark brown; a dark brown line from just 
before middle of costa across the wing to tornus; another dark-brown 
line from base to basal third of dorsum and thence upward to the end 
of the cell touching the other brown line nearly at right angles; a 
thin, irregularly wavy, outwardly curved, brown line from apical 
third of costa across the wing to middle of dorsum; cilia dark brown. 
Hindwings light iridescent yellow with the margin light rose colored; 
cilia light golden yellow. Abdomen light yellow. Legs light yellow 
touched on the outer sides with rose. 


26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. YOL. 47. 


Alar expanse.—16-19 mm. 

Habitat.—Trinidad River and Cabima, Panama. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16686, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to P. traili Butler, but easily distinguished by its wing pat- 
tern. In the United States National Museum are also specimens 
from St. Jean, French Guiana, and from Sixola River, Costa Rica, 
W. Schaus, collector. 


Genus PELEOPODA Zeller. 


Type.—Peleopoda lobitarsis Zeller. 
PELEOPODA IMPERIELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi light brick red, terminal joint light yellow. Face and 
head yellowish white. Antenne reddish yellow. Thorax silvery 
white. Forewings silvery white with a violet sheen and strongly over- 
laid with light brick red, except on a broad longitudinal curve from 
base of dorsum up to middle of costa and to termen; base and apical 
third of costal edge light brick red; a large poorly defined dorsal area 
covering nearly half the wing reddish yellow with the upper edge 
broadly saffron; cilia golden yellow. Hindwings reddish yellow with 
slightly paler cilia. Abdomen reddish yellow. Legs reddish yellow 
with yellowish white tibiz and tarsal tufts. 

Alar expanse.—32 mm. 

Habitat.—La Chorrera, Panama, May. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16687, U.S.N.M. 

The largest described species of the genus, closely allied to P. regi- 
nella Busck, but yellow in general tone where the other species is 
wine red. 


ANCIPITA, new genus. 


Type.—Ancipita atteria, new species. 

Second joint of labial palpi very long, slender, compressed with 
slightly rough scales just before apex; terminal joint less than half 
the length of second, slender, smooth, acute. Antenne as long as 
the forewings, without basal pecten. Forewings elongate, ovate, 
apex rounded; 12 veins: 7 and 8 stalked; 7 to apex; rest separate; 
2, 3, 4, and 5, nearly equidistant. Hindwings as broad as the fore 
wings; apex rounded; costa straight; termen and dorsum evenly 
rounded; 8 veins: 3 and 4 connate; 6 and 7 parallel. Posterior 
tibiz rough-haired above. 


ANCIPITA ATTERIA, new species. 


Labial palpi golden yellow, strongly shaded with black on apical 
half of both joints. Face silvery white. Head golden yellow witha 
large, central, dark-blue, metallic patch. Antenne yellow with nar- 
row black annulations. Thorax saffron yellow with two, lateral, dark- 


no. 2048. NHW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSCK. 27 


blue, metallic spots and with the posterior tip blackish fuscous. 
Forewings brick red, with golden yellow costal and dorsal edges and 
with three, broad, longitudinal, black streaks from near base to just 
before the apical edge of the wing; these black bands are interrupted 
beyond the middle of the wing by a narrow, brick-red crossline, con- 
necting the two edges of the wing; cilia black with a deep-blue metallic 
basal line. Hindwing brick red with apical third black; cilia black. 
Abdomen brick red with golden yellow underside. Legs red with 
black tarsal annulations. 

Alar expanse.—17 mm. 

Habitat —Cabima, Panama, June. 

Lype-specimen.—Cat. No. 16688, U.S.N.M. 


Genus DOXA Walsingham. 


Type.—Doxa sodalis Walsingham. 
DOXA VIRGINIA, new species. 


Labial palpi, face, and head deep violet red, mottled with black. 
Antenne black with basal joint violet. Thorax saffron yellow with 
anterior edge and base of patagina black. Forewing saffron yellow 
with costal edge darker yellowish brown, extreme base black, and 
with apical and terminal edge narrowly dark violet; an indistinct 
blackish brown spot on the middle of the cell; an even less distinct 
brown spot at the end of the cell; cilia bright violet dusted with 
black. Hindwings light yellow with rose-red edges and cilia. Abdo- 
men and legs yellow. 

Alar expanse.—12-13 mm. 

Habitat—Trinidad River, Panama, March, April, June. 

Type-specrmen.—Cat. No. 16745, U.S.N.M. 

Smaller than the type of the genus, Doxa sodalis Walsingham, and 
at once distinguished by the dark violet head and dark edges of the 
wings. 

Named in honor of my efficient assistant, Miss Pearl Virginia 
Boone. 

Genus CRYPTOLECHIA Zeller. 


Type.—C. straminella Zeller. 
CRYPTOLECHIA IGNICOLOR, new species. 


Labial palpi carmine red mottled with black. Face red with a 
small, central, yellow spot. Head and thorax carmine red mixed 
with yellow. Antenne yellowish with basal joint carmine. Basal 
two-thirds of forewings light yellow, heavily overlaid with carmine 
scales; outer third dark violet red mixed with brown and carmine; 
entire costal edge from base to apex blackish brown; at the end of 


28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47. 


the cell is a curved blackish brown line; cilia blackish. Hind- 
wings light carmine red with somewhat lighter cilia. Abdomen car- 
mine red above with light yellow underside; legs yellow shaded with 
carmine. 

Alar expanse.—28 mm. 

Habitat —Cabima, Panama, May. 

Type-specomen.—Cat. No. 16746, U.S.N.M. 

A showy species, allied to Cryptolechia miniata Dognin. 


CRYPTOLECHIA ILLUMINELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi dark purplish red dusted with black. Antennse dark 
brown. Face reddish ocherous. Head red. Thorax brown. Fore- 
wings golden brown; costal edge brick red; extreme base black; 
three indistinct darker brown transverse lines, one across the middle 
of the cell, one on the middle of the wing reaching across the wing, 
and at apical fourth inwardly curved at costa and not quite reaching 
the dorsal edge; terminal edge broadly dark brown with cilia dark 
reddish; dorsal cilia ight brick red. Hindwings bright aniline red- 
with slightly paler cilia. Legs golden brown, shaded externally 
with dark brown. 

Alar expanse.—17 mm. 

Habitat—Trinidad River, Panama, March. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16747, U.S.N.M. 

The hindwings have the same striking shade as C. ignicolor Busck., 
from which it differs by its smaller size and brown striped forewings. 
It is nearer in size and ornamentation to Cryptolechia incensatella 
Walker, and Cryptolechia fervida Zeller, described from Brazil, in 
which the forewings, however, are also of a carmine red, not brown, 
as in the present species. 


CRYPTOLECHIA SULPHUREA, new species. 


Second joint of labial palpi brick-red, mottled with yellow; ter- 
minal joint light yellow. Face brick red. Head sulphur yellow. 
Antenne reddish. Thorax light yellow. Forewings glossy white 
with a strong violet sheen and overlaid with yellow scales; extreme 
base of costa, a longitudinal central line from base to termen and 
the apical edge, reddish yellow; cilia brown with purplish base and 
a black transverse line. Hindwings glistening light violet yellow 
with light yellow cilia. Abdomen and legs yellow. 

Alar expanse.—30 mm. 

Habitat.—Porto Bello, Panama, June. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16748, U.S.N.M. 

A large showy species, allied to Cryptolechia crossota Walsingham. 


4 


no. 2048. NHW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSCOK. 29 


CRYPTOLECHIA TUNICATA, new species. 


Labial palpi, face and head light lemon yellow. Thorax light 
iemon yellow with posterior half and tips of the patagina rose red. 
The greater dorsal part of the forewings dark brown, edged below 
but along the costa from base to tornus by a broad curved band of 
rose red which is again limited along the extreme edge of the costa 
by lemon yellow, which color broadens out toward the apex and 
covers apical and terminal edge; on the middle of the cell is a large, 
pure white, comma-shaped spot with the thin end toward apex; this 
white spot is edged above and below by rose red and laterally by 
ill-defined black spots. Hindwing dark brown. Abdomen light 
fuscous. Legs light yellow. 

Alar expanse.—20 mm. 

Habitat.—Porto Bello, Panama, June. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16749, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to the foregoing species and to C. crossota Walsingham, but 
smaller and at once recognized by the large, white comma-shaped 
discal spot. 

CRYPTOLECHIA MARCELLA, new species. 

Labial palpi yellowish red with dark brown base. Face light 
yellow; head and thorax light reddish brown. Antenne dark brown. 
Forewings light reddish brown with lighter brick red costal and ter- 
minal edges; on the middle of the cell is a small black dot; at the end 
of the cell a similar somewhat larger dot and on the middle of the 
fold a third black dot; from the outer fourth of costa runs a broad but 
gradually narrowing blackish shade across the wing to outer fifth of 
the fold; this shading is poorly defined and single blackish scales are 
found outside of it on both sides; cilia reddish brown. Hindwings 
light golden yellow with tips and terminal edge rose colored; cilia 
golden. Abdomen light yellow. Legs light yellow, shaded exter- 
nally with brown. ; 

Alar expanse.—17-20 mm. 

Habitat.—Trinidad River, Panama, March. 

Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 16750, U.S.N.M. 

Specimens also from St. Jean, French Guiana, and from Sixola 
River, Costa Rica, W. Schaus, collector. 


CRYPTOLECHIA CHORRERA, new species. 


Labial palpi reddish ochreous; base of second joint blackish brown; 
terminal joint sprinkled with black scales. Antenne ochreous, 
mottled with black. Face and head light ochreous. Thorax and 
forewings light violaceous brown; basal fourth of costal edge black; 
a small black dot on the middle of the cell, another at the end of the 
cell, and a similar one on the middle of the fold; a faint, outwardly 


30 PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 47. 


curved series of black dots at apical fifth parallel with the apical and 
terminal edges, which are narrowly rose-colored; cilia golden. “Hind- 
wings dull fuscous with cilia concolorous and with the extreme edge 
whitish. Abdomen dark fuscous above, light ochreous below; anal 
tuft orange. Legs light ochreous, shaded on the outer sides with 
dark brown. 

Alar expanse.—19-20 mm. 

Habitat.—\La Chorrera, Panama. 

Type-speciemen.—Cat. No. 16751, U.S.N.M. 


CRYPTOLECHIA ANALIS, new species. 


Labial palpi reddish ochreous, dusted with black and with basal 
third of second joint blackish brown on the outer side. Antenne 
blackish fuscous with bright reddish ochreous basal joints. Face and 
head light ochreous, the latter slightly reddish. Thorax brown. 
Forewings deer-brown with the edges and cilia brick red; a small 
black dot at the base of costa; an indistinct black dot at the end of 
the cell and one on the fold; an indistinct row of black dots across 
the wings parallel with the outer edge at apical fifth. Hindwings 
dark fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous above, whitish on the under- 
side. Legs whitish, shaded with dark brown exteriorly 

Alar expanse.—14-15 mm. 

Habitat—Porto Bello, Panama, April. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16752, U.S.N.M. 

Close to O. chorrera, but smaller and distinguished by the bright 
reddish edges of the forewings. 


CRYPTOLECHIA NOTELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi light ochreous, base of second joint shaded with 
black. Antenne ochreous with narrow black annulations. Face 
light ochreous. Head slightly mixed with reddish ochreous. Thorax 
reddish ochreous. Forewings reddish ochreous with extreme base 
of costa black; a small black dot at base of wing; a large round black 
spot on middle of cell and a black ill-defined spot obliquely above 
this on the costal edge just before the middle; an indistinct, strongly 
outwardly curved series of black dots parallel with apical and terminal 
edges at apical fifth; a small black dot on the fold. Hindwings 
reddish ochreous with a strong sheen and with golden yellow cilia. 
Abdomen and legs whitish ochreous. 

Alar expanse.—14-16 mm. 

Habitat—Trinidad River, Panama, March. 

Type-specomen.—Cat. No. 16753, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to the same group as the foregoing species, but smaller and 
at once distinguished by the conspicuous, black wing spots. 


no. 2043. NEW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSCK. 31 


Genus TERATOMORPHA Walsingham. 
Type.— Teratomorpha albifrons Walsingham. 
TERATOMORPHA CHILIBRELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi, face, head, and thorax whitish ochreous. Antennz 
faintly annulated with darker ochreous. Forewings whitish ochreous, 
slightly and irregularly overlaid with single, dark-brown scales and 
with the costal edge and the veins somewhat deeper ochreous; the 
brown scales form two faint and ill-defined, outwardly curved lines 
across the wing, one submarginal and one parallel therewith on the 
middle of the veins; there is also an irregular aggregation of dark 
scales on the middle of the cell, tending downward to the dorsal 
edge; on the middle of the costa is a small group of dark-brown 
scales and at the end of the cell is a similar dark-brown spot; cilia 
ochreous white. Hindwings with costal edge deeply and sharply 
excavated at apical third; ochreous white, brownish below the 
costal excavation, with a faint brown submarginal shade and a thin 
brown line at the base of cilia. 

Alar expanse.—20 mm. 

Habitat—Alhajuela, Panama, April. 

Type-specomen.—Cat. No. 16754, U.S.N.M. 

Bred from a large (30 by 10 mm.), thin, flat, semitransparent 
cocoon, spun on the middle of a leaf of a flower-bearing shrub growing 
in the upper Chilibrillo River near Alhajuela. 


Genus DECANTHA Buseck. 


Type.—Decanitha borkhausenii Zeller. 
DECANTHA MINUTA, new species. 


Labial palpi ochreous white. Face silvery. Head and thorax 
light ochreous fuscous. Antenne ochreous with narrow black 
annulations. Forewings broad in proportion to their length; light 
ochreous fuscous, with the costal edge narrowly bright orange and 
with light ochreous cilia; at the end of the cell is a large, round, dark- 
brown spot; underneath this at the end of the fold is a similar blackish 
brown spot, not so clearly defined and around apical edge are a few 
scattered dark-brown scales. Abdomen dark fuscous above; under- 
side light ochreous. Legs light ochreous. 

Alar expanse.—6.5 mm. 

Habitat.—Trinidad River, Panama, March. 

Type-specomen.—Cat. No. 16755, U.S.N.M. 


By PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSHUM. VOL. 47. 


ee EE ES ES ———————————— 


Genus TRICLONELLA Busck. 


Type.—Triclonella pergandeella Busck. 


TRICLONELLA SEQUELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi black, second joint with two anterior longitudinal 
lines throughout its length; terminal joint with one such line. Face, 
head, and thorax black. Antenne black with a white dash on each 
segment. Forewings blackish brown, with a large golden yellow area 
covering more than half the wing space; the yellow area begins with 
sharp perpendicular limits at basal fifth and covers the central part 
of the wing to apical fourth, except for a large, triangular, black, costal 
spot just beyond the middle and a smaller, elongate, triangular, 
opposite spot, which touches the apical black part of the wing; a 
marginal row of faint, small, yellow dots; cilia blackish fuscous. Hind- 
wings light fuscous. Abdomen blackish fuscous. Legs blackish 
fuscous with narrow white annulations at the joints. 

Alar expanse.—8-10 mm. 

Habitat—Paraiso, La Chorrera, Corozal, and Porto Bello, Panama, 
April, May. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16692, U.S.N.M. 

Closely allied to and intermediate between T. determinatella Zeller, 
and 7. euzosta Walsingham, but amply different from both in pattern. 


Genus BORKHAUSENIA Hubner. 


Type.—Borkhausenia minutella, Linneus. 
BORKHAUSENIA CLEVELANDI, new species. 


Labial palpi white, sparsely sprinkled with brown dots and with 
outer side of base of second joint brown. Face, head, and thorax 
pure white. Antenne dark brown with white basal joints. Fore- 
wings white overlaid with bluish, black, brown, and ochreous scales 
except for a broad subcostal streak, which is unmottled white; basal 
two-thirds of costal edge echreous brown dotted with black; on the 
middle of the wing are two groups of raised yellowish brown scales, 
the upper one of which is preceded by a black dash; on the middle 
of the cell at apical third are two similar yellowish brown tufts of 
raised scales, followed by a black dash and a bluish area; the dorsal 
half of the wing is rather heavily overlaid with blue scales and has a 
small black dot just within the middle of dorsum; an irregular series of 
ochreous brown scales before the terminal edge; cilia bluish mixed 
with brown and black. Hindwing light ochreous fuscous, with 
whitish cilia. Abdomen light ochreous fuscous, with series of black 
spots on the under side. Legs blackish, with ochreous tibial tufts 
and ochreous annulations and bars. 

Alar expanse. —15-16 mm. 


no. 2043. NEW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSCK. 33 


Habitat.—La Chorrera, May (Busck, coll.), and Porto Bello, Panama, 
October (Cleveland, coll.). 

Ty pe-specumen.—Cat. No. 16693, U.S.N.M. 

Agreeing with the genus in venation and oral characters but rather 
aberrant in coloration and in the tufts of raised scales in the fore- 
wings. ‘The scaling is rather loose and easily rubbed so as to oblit- 
erate part of the ornamentation. 

Named in remembrance of my friend, Mr. G. F. Cleveland, with 
whom I had many happy collecting trips in the country around 
Porto Bello. 

Mr. Cleveland secured this species and many others not treated 
here, in the autumn at the height of the rainy season, in which I 
personally have had no opportunity to collect. 


Genus EPICALLIMA Dyar. 


Type.—Epicallima argenticinctella Clemens. 


EPICALLIMA TABOGA, new species. 


Labial palpi grayish fuscous; apex of second joint white. Face, 
head, and thorax light ochreous. Forewings whitish ochreous, over- 
laid with light fuscous and with conspicuous, black, round dots; 
extreme base of costal edge black, a black spot on the middle of the 
cell; another obliquely below on the fold and a third above on the 
base of vein 10, the latter often fainter; a black dot at the end of the 
cell and a marginal series of eight to ten black dots around the costal 
and terminal edge terminating in a somewhat larger dot at the 
beginning of the dorsal cilia; cilia ochreous fuscous. Hindwings light 
ochreous fuscous. Abdomen light fuscous. Legs ochreous with 
dusky tarsi faintly annulated with ochreous. 

Alar expanse.—8-10 mm. 

Habitat.—Taboga Island, Panama, June. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16694, U.S.N.M. 

A small distinctively marked species reminding in size and colora- 
tion of Borkhausenia ascriptella Busck. 


Family ETHMIID. 
Genus ETHMIA Hiibner. 
Type.—Ethmia aurifluella Hiibner. 
ETHMIA FESTIVA, new species. 


Second joint of labial palpi blackish brown; terminal joint white. 
Antenne brown with white bars. Lower half of face brown, upper 
half and top of the head white; a narrow collar of bluish black. 
Thorax white with a thin transverse bluish black line anteriorly and 

34843 °—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——3 


34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 47. 


a broad black line across the posterior tip; patagina white. Fore- 
wings white with black and golden yellow markings; costal edge 
black at base, golden yellow on the outer half; from the black part 
run three nearly parallel transverse lines across the wing to dorsum, 
one near the base of the wing, one at basal fourth, and one near the 
middle of the wing; adjoining the last of these lies a large square 
golden yellow dorsal spot, black margined also posteriorly and partly 
on top and below; on the apical half of the wing is a spider-web of 
five black lines radiating from a black, white-centered ring; two of 
these irregular lines run to the costal edge, one joins the exterior black 
edge of the yellow dorsal spot, one goes to the dorsal edge and one 
joins a transverse black line across the wing at apical fifth beyond 
which the tip of the wing is golden yellow. Hindwing light golden 
fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous with underside and anal tuft 
saffron yellow. Underside of thorax silvery white. Legs yellow, 
tarsal joints slightly tipped with black. 

Alar expanse.—19-20 mm. 

Habitat.—Porto Bello, Panama, May. 

Ty pe-specimen.—Cat. No. 16695, U.S.N.M. 

A clearly marked, pretty species, nearest to the larger F. delliella 
Fernald, from which it is at once distinguished by the large yellow 
dorsal spot, and to E. cypraeella Zeller, from Venezuela. 


ETHMIA UNGULATELLA, new species. 


Second joint of labial palpi black; terminal joint dirty white. Face 
blackish. Head white; collarnarrowly black. Thorax white witha large 
central spot and a posterior transverse streak bluish black; extreme 
posterior tip white. Forewings white suffused along the costa witha 
smoky brown color more widely along the middle, where two blunt lobes 
of this color reach into the cell; on basal fourth lie six bluish black 
metallic spots, four above the fold and two below it; on the middle 
of the dorsum rests a large semicircular bronzy brown spot edged 
above on the middle of the cell by an elongate smoky brown streak, and 
transversed by a thin interrupted silvery blue zigzag line; apical 
part of the wing is similarly bronzy brown; also transversed by a 
thin white zigzag line and edged toward the base of the wing by a 
cloudy smoky brown area; two detached smoky brown dots lie be- 
tween this and the large dorsal spot; cilia smoky brown with silvery 
white base. Hind wings shiny dark fuscous with white cilia. Abdo- 
men dark fuscous above, with third joint velvety yellow, silvery white 
laterally and with a deep black ventral streak; anal tuft saffron yel- 
low. Legs smoky brown exteriorly, silvery white on their inner 
sides. 

Alar expanse.—Female, 23 mm.; male, 16 mm. 

Habitat.—Cabima and Alhajuela, Panama. May. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16696, U.S.N.M. 


no. 2043. NEW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSOK. 35 


Nearest and quite similar to £. terpnota Walsingham, but smaller 
and at once differentiated by the coppery brown wing tips and by 
the striking abdominal coloration. 


ETHMIA ELUTELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi dark gray with white apex. Face dark brown with 
bluish metallic sheen. Head, collar, and patagina white. Thorax 
white with a large, dark bluish brown center occupying most of the 
area. Forewing satiny white with the ground color largely obscured 
by extensive gray and purplish brown marking; costal half above 
the fold clouded by large, rounded, light gray spots, nearly confluent 
on basal half; at apical third is an unmottled, pure white costal area; 
apical tip of the wing and base of the cilia dark purplish brown; on 
the middle of dorsum lies a large, semicircular, dark purplish brown 
spot, transversed by irregular, faint, silvery, zigzag lines. Hindwings 
light fuscous with white cilia. Abdomen dark fuscous above with 
second joint velvety ochreous; underside silvery white. Legs white; 
tarsi dusky. 

Alar expanse.—14 mm. 

Habitat—Porto Bello, Panama, March. 

Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 16697, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to the foregoing, but smaller and lighter and lacking the dark 
blue metallic spots on basal half of the forewings. 


Family STENOMID. 
Genus CATARATA Walsingham. 


Type.— Catarata lepisma Walsingham. 

In the definition of this genus in the Biologia Centrali-Americana it 
is stated that vein 4 is out of the stalk of vein 2+3 in the forewings. 
This, however, is not the case in either of the two species described, 
the type C. lepisma Walsingham and C. stenota Walsingham. With 
the evidence of additional material the specific identity of these is 
apparent; the species is quite. variable; stenota was founded on two 
rubbed specimens in poor condition, and the name should be placed 
as a synonym of C. lepisma Walsingham. Types and cotypes of 
both are in the U.S. National Museum, and I now have a large series 
from all parts of Panama; the species has vein 4 approximate to 
but separate from 2+3. 

Such is also the condition in the two following species, while in the 
third, C. obnubila, the veins are as described by Lord Walsingham. 
These modifications, which in any of the higher families, Gelechiide, 
Oecophoride, or Cosmopterygidx, would be definite and sound 
grounds for generic differentiation, I do not consider of such value 
in the generically far less crystalized family Stenomide. 


36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47, 


CATARATA LAPILELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi dirty ochreous white, shaded externally with dark 
fuscous. Face whitish iridescent. Head and thorax lght fuscous. 
Forewings dirty ochreous white, iridescent, toward the base and 
below the fold somewhat darker than on outer half; entire costal edge 
and the tip of the wing dusky dark fuscous; from the inner angle of 
the wing runs a slightly curved, ill-defined, broad, blackish brown 
streak upward across the fold and the cell to the middle of costa; 
at the end of the cell are a few ochreous scales and the costal apical 
part of the wing contains several small brown and black spots not 
very definitely arranged in two curved lines; cilia whitish. Hind 
wings light fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous above, underside and 
legs whitish ochreous; tarsal joints dusky. 

Alar expanse.—12 mm. 

Habitat.—Porto Bello, Panama, March. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16703, U.S.N.M. 


CATARATA PUMILIS, new species. 


Labial palpi white; second joint with base and an indistinct 
annulus before apex dark brown. Face and basal joint of the antennee 
pure white. Head brownish gray. Thorax dark brown with anterior 
edge and the tip of the patagina pure white. Forewing dark brown 
with costal edge from basal third pure white; a white, thin, zigzag 
line runs from the middle of costal edge obliquely across the wing to 
apical third of dorsum; a broad white streak parallel with and just 
before the apical and terminal edge, an indistinct darker brown spot 
on the middle of the cell and another similar one on the middle of the 
fold; cilia whitish. Hindwing dark fuscous with cilia a shade lighter. 
Abdomen dark fuscous above, light ochreous on the underside. 
Anterior legs pure white; posterior legs light fuscous with whitish 
tarsi. 

Alar expanse.—12 mm. 

Habitat.—Trinidad River, Panama, March. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16704, U.S.N.M. 

A pretty little species reminding in coloration and pattern of the 
somewhat larger Stenoma filiferella Walker. 


CATARATA OBNUBILA, new species. 


Labial palpi dark brown. Head and thorax blackish brown. 
Forewings blackish brown toward the base and along the costal edge; 
this color gradually shades into a light olive gray which covers the 
greater outer part of the wing; from apical fourth of costal edge runs 
a broad, reddish brown streak obliquely across the tip of the wing to 
tornus and outside this streak the wing is iridescent, metallic vio- 
laceous; cilia violet. The males have on the underside of the fore- 


no. 2048. NEW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSCK. ol 


wings near base a large tuft of hairs, at rest lying longitudinally and 
covering basal two thirds of the cell. Hindwings with unusually well- 
developed costal area, dark fuscous. Abdomen blackish fuscous 
above with silvery underside. Legs ochreous fuscous with dusky 
tarsi. 

Alar expanse.—12-13 mm. 

Habitat.—-Trinidad River and Porto Bello, Panama, March. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16705, U.S.N.M. 


CATARATA OCELLATA, new species. 


Labial palpi milky white with a small dark fuscous spot on the outer 
side of second joint. Face milky white. Head and thorax dark 
purplish brown, nearly black. Forewing blackish brown with pur- 
plish reflections; at the end of the cell is a black dot surrounded by an 
incomplete circlet of pure white scales; above and before this eyespot 
are a few scattered white scales and a few white scales are found on 
the fold; cilia blackish fuscous. UHindwing blackish brown. Ab- 
domen above dark brown; entire body below silvery white; anal 
tuft large, ochreous. Legs silvery white; first tarsal joints black 
exteriorly. 

Alar expanse.—14 mm. 

Habitat.—La Chorrera, Panama, May. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16707, U.S.N.M. 

Closely allied to C. obnubila Busck, but darker and larger and at 
once recognized by its white palpi and face. 


CATARATA CURVILINIELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi white; second joint with base black externally; ter- 
minal joint with extreme base and an annulus just before the tip black. 
Lower face lead colored, upper face and head white. Antenne 
ochreous fuscous with white basal joints. Thorax white. Fore- 
wings white faintly mixed with ochreous scales and with black mark- 
ings; from near base of costa runs a thin black line obliquely down- 
ward and outward to the middle of the cell and thence to the end 
of the cell, where it curves upward and inward forming an elon- 
gated question mark; at the end of the cell this black line is edged 
by yellow scales; on the middle of the costa is a small, black, out- 
wardly directed spur and at apical third is a similar, inwardly direc- 
ted, black spur; parallel with the terminal edge at apical fourth is a 
faint row of yellowish scales, and in fresh specimens the wing is 
sparsely sprinkled with black scales; these and the yellow lines, 
however, are easily rubbed off and are lost in most flown specimens; 
cilia white Hindwing light fuscous with whitish cilia. Abdomen 
fuscous with whitish underside and yellow anal tuft. Legs white, 
tarsi annulated with black. 


38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


Alar expanse.—15-17 mm. 
Habitat—Trinidad River, Panama, March. 
Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16706, U.S.N.M. 
Reminding in size, color, and ornamentation of our North Ameri- 
can Agonopteryx curviliniella Beutenmiller. ; 


Genus ATHLETA Walsingham. 


Athleta WALSINGHAM, Biologia Centrali-Americana, vol. 4, Heterocera, 1912, p. 155. 


Type.—Athleta trisecta Walsingham. 

In the description of the genus Athleta vein 2 of the forewing is 
given as separate and distant from vein 3. Such, however, is not 
always the case in the type species under consideration. With 
several additional specimens from Porto Bello and Trinidad River, 
Panama, it is found that this character is not stable within the spe- 
cies, but that vein 2 may be separate, connate, or even short stalked 
with vein 3. Similar instability of these veins within the species is 
found in other groups of this family and makes the character of little 
value generically. The genus Athleta may, however, be separated 
from its nearest ally, Catarata Walsingham, by the anastomosis of 
veins 2 and 1c, which appears to be constant; from whatever start- 
ing point vein 2 runs nearly at right angles downward and into vein 
1c, separating from it again just before tornus. The male of this 
species, which was not known at the time of the description, has a 
very noticeable short fold along vein 1 of the hindwings, which 
contains a large expansible tuft of yellowish hairs 


ATHLETA NIGRICANS, new species. 


Labial palpi white sprinkled with dark fuscous; second joint with 
two ill-defined dark fuscous bars exteriorly, one at base and one near 
the tip; terminal jomt with a dark fuscous annulation at the base, 
one just before the tip and a dark intermediate spot in front. Face 
silvery white. Head white, slightly mixed with fuscous. Thorax 
dark brown with anterior edge and base of patagina white. Fore- 
wing dark brownish fuscous with cilia and terminal edge silvery 
white; extreme base of costa and apical two-thirds of costal edge 
silvery white also. Hindwing dark fuscous with cilia a shade lighter. 
Abdomen dark fuscous above, silvery white on the underside. Legs 
silvery white with anterior tibie and tarsi barred with dark brown 
and with posterior tibiz yellowish. 

Alar expanse.—12 mm. 

Habitat.—Trinidad River, Panama, June. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16708, U.S.N.M. 

Resembling in coloration and markings Stenoma marginata Busck. 
(See p. 49.) 


No. 2043. NHW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSCOK. 39 


Genus ZETESIMA Waisingham. 


Type.—Zetesima lasia Walsingham. 


ZETESIMA PORTENTOSA, new species. 


Male.—Labial palpi light reddish ochreous; second joint dusted 
with dark brown exteriorly; brush on the middle of terminal joint 
blackish brown. Face silvery white. Head light brown. Antennz 
reddish brown. Thorax blackish brown. Forewings dark brown 
with obscure, blackish brown markings and with light ochreous costal 
and terminal edges; a strong costal fold reaching nearly to the middle 
of the wing contains a cluster of long, broad, iridescent scales; a 
round black dot at the end of the cilia, edged by ochreous scales; a 
black, ill-defined streak on the outer and upper edge of the cell; a 
series of ill-defined, black, marginal spots around the costal, apical, 
and terminal edges; upper part of cilia ochreous, lower part dark 
fuscous. Hindwings blackish brown with light ochreous costal space 
covered by the forewings. Abdomen blackish fuscous, with lght 
ochreous underside. Legs light ochreous brown. 

Alar expanse.—16 mm. 

Habitat.—Porto Bello, Panama, March. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16709, U.S.N.M. 

Identical in structure of palpi and wings with the type of the genus, 
but larger and much darker brown. 


Genus STENOMA Zeller. 


Type.—Stenoma litura, Zeller. 
STENOMA CLARIPENNIS, new species. 


Second joint of labial palpi white with a dark brown annulation 
just before its apex; terminal joint strongly suffused with dark 
fuscous and with dark brown base. Face silvery white. Antenne 
dark brown. Head and thorax dark olive brown. Forewing dark 
olive brown with the veins outlined in light greenish yellow; costal, 
apical and terminal edge narrowly light ochreous; cilia light brown. 
Hindwings dark greenish fuscous with costal area, covered by the 
forewings, white. Abdomen dark olive brown above, underside 
silvery. Legs silvery white, tarsi dusky. 

Alar expanse.—16 mm. 

Habitat——Porto Bello, Alhajuela, and Taboga Island, Panama. 
March, April and June. 

Type-specomen.—Cat. No. 16710, U.S.N.M. 

The wing form and pattern places this species near S. venatum 


Busck. 


40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vo. 47, 


STENOMA VIVAX, new species. 


Labial palpi light bluish gray, black toward the face. Antenne 
dark gray. Face white, iridescent. Head lead gray with whitish 
side tufts. Thorax bluish gray with one central and two lateral 
large, contiguous, yellow spots and with four, smaller, black spots; 
patagina light saffron yellow. Forewings light pearly gray with all 
the veins clearly and thinly outlined in dark lead gray and with 
dorsal space below the fold shaded with the same darker color; 
extreme base of costa black; cilia white. Hindwings light gray with 
whitish cilia; abdomen light fuscous above. Entire underside of 
body silvery white. Legs white, shaded externally with gray; tarsi 
and spurs yellowish. 

Alar expanse.—26 mm. 

Habitat—Cabima, Panama. May. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16711, U.S.N.M. 

A fine clear-cut species, which comes next to the group consisting 
of renselariana Stoll, stigmatias Walsingham, ergates Walsingham, 
disjecta Zeller, lorogrammos Zeller, lacera Zeller, and venatum Busck. 


STENOMA SAGAX, new species. 


Labial palpi light gray, shaded with black toward the face. 
Antenne golden fuscous. Face and head whitish. Thorax light 
golden ochreous with two yellow lateral spots and with posterior tip 
blackish; patagina yellow. Forewings light ochreous gray with 
the veins thinly outlined in dark lead gray and with entire dorsal 
half shaded with darker gray; the edge of the wing is golden ochreous 
and the extreme base of costa is black. Hindwings light ochreous 
fuscous with golden edges and cilia. Abdomen light fuscous above; 
underside of body silvery white. Legs ochreous white. 

Alar expanse.—22-23 mm. 

Habitat—Porto Bello, Panama, May. 

Bred from larve, feeding between the leaves of a small thorny palm. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16712, U.S.N.M. 

Very close to the foregoing species (vivax) and clearly the Atlantic 
representative of this Pacific species; but can readily be distinguished 
by its smaller size, more ochreous color and the less pronounced, 
though identical wing pattern. 


STENOMA FELIX, new species. 


Labial palpi white, second joint shaded externally with brown; 
terminal joint mottled with brown and with extreme tip blackish 
brown. Antenne dark olive brown. Face whitish. Head and 
thorax dark olive brown. Forewing lighter olive gray with the 
entire costal edge narrowly light ochreous; terminal edge with a 
series of nearly contiguous, white spots; from above the middle of 


no. 2048. NEW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSORK. 41 


costa to apical third of dorsum runs a narrow, oblique, broken, black- 
ish brown fascia edged toward the base of the wing by a correspond- 
ingly irregular thin white line; on the middle of the cell is a dark 
brown dot continued faintly obliquely downward to a similar dot 
on the fold; cilia whitish. Hindwings dark olive fuscous. Abdo- 
men dark fuscous above; underside silvery white. Legs white shaded 
above with dark fuscous. 

Alar expanse.—18 mm. 

Habitat—Cabima, Panama, May. 

Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 16713, U.S.N.M. 

Very close to S. aphanes Walsingham, but of a clearer less ochreous 
gray color and lacking the outer and inner fascie of this species. 


STENOMA CHLORINA Kearfott.! 


Labial palpi white, second joint with a broad anterior, longitudinal, 
greenish brown streak; terminal joint with a black anterior longitu- 
dinal line. Antennz brown above, whitish on the underside. Face 
white. Head and thorax brownish olive green. Forewings with 
costa strongly and evenly arched from base to apex; termen rounded; 
dorsum straight; olive green with costal edge narrowly yellow; from 
the base of the wing parallel with the costal edge runs a thin, white 
line, which curves down and ends in an obscure ocelate white spot at 
the end of the cell; another faint white line runs below and parallel 
with the outer third of costal edge and a faint series of small white 
dots follow the terminal edge; cilia olive green. Hindwings light 
greenish fuscous. Abdomen and legs bright ochreous. 

Alar expanse.—30 mm. 

Habitat—San Paulo, Brazil, and Porto Bello, Panama, May. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16714, U.S.N.M. 

Near to S. aesiocopia Walsingham, but larger, more green and 
without the blackish discal spot of this species. 


STENOMA LAMPYRIDELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi light ochreous, outer side of second joint and tip of 
terminal joint shaded with fuscous. Face light bluish fuscous iri- 
descent. Head dark bluish fuscous. Thorax light ochreous fus- 
cous. Forewings elongate ovate; costa and dorsum nearly straight, 
apex and termen evenly rounded; dark mouse-gray with a yellow- 
ish tint and with costal edge and a longitudinal streak from base to 
apex through the middle of the wing ochreous; extreme base of costa 
black, below which the base of the wing is conspicuously reddish 
brown; base of the fold ochreous. Hindwing blackish fuscous. Ab- 
domen blackish fuscous. Legs ochreous with black tarsi, on which 
are narrow ochreous annulations. 

Alar expanse.—22 mm. 

1Ent. news, vol. 22, 1911, p. 126. 


42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47, 


Habitat—Cabima, Panama, May. 

Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 16715, U.S.N.M. 

Though produced by different means, the color effect and general 
appearance of this species is remarkably like that of Costoma basiro- 
sella Busck. and certain other Lampyrid-like Lepidoptera. (See p. 
24.) 


STENOMA VIRIDIS, new species. 


Second joint of labial palpi light ochreous on the inner side, red- 

uish brown exteriorly; terminal joint whitish ochreous. Face dark 
brown with dark ochreous lateral margins. Head violaceous brown. 
Antenne dark gray with whitish underside and with ochreous brown 
basal joints. Thorax light brown sparsely sprinkled with black and 
with posterior tip black. Basal half of the forewings light brown 
sprinkled with black, outer half light leaf green, sprinkled with single 
black scales; the limit between the green and the brown parts is 
sharp and begins at basal third of costal edge, whence it runs 
downwards and obliquely outwards to a sharp point below the end 
of the cell and from there down and back to the middle of dorsal 
edge; just before the tip of the brown projection into the green is 
a small, pure white spot; costal edge narrowly brown in its entire 
length; apical and terminal edges broadly brown; cilia brown. Hind- 
wings dark fuscous on basal two thirds, light ochreous brown on 
outer third, cilia ochreous. Abdomen brown with ochreous anal tuft 
and white underside. Legs light ochreous. 

Alar expanse.—23-25 mm. 

Habitat.—Trinidad River, Panama, March. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16716, U.S.N.M. 

A specimen which undoubtedly belongs to this species from Tuis, 
Costa Rica, W. Schaus, collector, has the apical brown part much 
larger than the type, extending over entire apical fourth part of the 
wing and limiting the green part toalarge boot-shaped spot. This 

‘and the following species are next to S. speratum Busck., and both 
are allied to S. trochilosticta Walsingham. 


STENOMA FRONDIFER, new species. 


Second joint of labial palpi light brownish fuscous, whitish on the 
inner side; terminal joint whitish. Lower face light straw colored, 
upper face reddish brown. Head dark brownish fuscous. Antenne 
dark fuscous with ochreous brown basal joints. Thorax dark fus- 
cous with posterior tip black. Forewing dark brownish fuscous with 
a greenish tint and strongly mottled with transverse, black striations; 
at the end of the cell lies a large oblong leafgreen spot which is con- 
nected by-a narrow neck with another similar, but perpendicular, oval 
spot at tornus; below the first of these spots is a small, pure, white dot 


no. 2043. NEHW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSOK. | 43 


as in the preceding species; cilia dark fuscous. Hindwings light 
fuscous, unicolored. Abdomen dark fuscous, with the first joints, 
underside, and anal tuft light ochreous. Legs light ochreous. 

Alar expanse.—18 mm. 

Habitat—Trinidad River, Panama, March. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16717, U.S.N.M. 

Closely allied to the foregoing species but smaller, darker, more 
black mottled, and with the green area much smaller. 


STENOMA VIVIDELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi white, sprinkled with black, second joint with a large 
basal black spot on the outside; terminal joint with a small black 
spot at base and a black annulation before the tip. Face whitish. 
Head white mixed with ochreous. Antenne ochreous with narrow 
black annulations. Thorax ochreous, mixed with white and greenish 
scales. Forewings light ochreous with the larger costal and apical 
area white and green; the ochreous ground color occupies the dorsal 
part of the wing and sends a broad triangle upward, the tip of 
which nearly reaches the costal edge before the middle; this ochreous 
space is sprinkled with white and greenish scales and contains a 
large, ill-defined, light-green spot on the middle of the cell, in which 
is found a small deep black dot; base of costal edge alternately 
white and light green; from the middle of costa runs a broad out- 
wardly oblique green streak down to middle of termen; this green 
streak contains a few, scattered, black scales and a larger, ill-defined 
aggregation of black scales near termen; above it the wing is white 
with two ill-defined green spots; across the middle of the wing and 
apical third are indistinct, transverse ridges of raised scales; cilia 
light ochreous with alternate black tipped, green and ochreous 
spaces on the basal half. Hindwing triangular, dark fuscous; cilia 
ochreous with a fuscous basal line. Abdomen light ochreous above, 
whitish on the underside. Legs whitish ochreous, heavily barred 
with blackish brown on their exterior side. 

Alar expanse.—17-19 mm. 

Habitat.—La Chorrera and Porto Bello, Panama. April, May. 

Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 16718, U.S.N.M. 

This species is allied to S. lactis Busck. Mr. Meyrick uses the 
generic name Agriophara Rosenstock, for this group, which includes 
S. acronitis Busck, S. mendoron Busck, S. nestes Busck, and 8. apicalis 
Busck, on the character ‘‘more or less developed tufts or ridges of 
raised scales on the disk of the forewing,’’ but this character is found 
in many species which can not be closely associated with the above, 
and I feel sure that the genus can not be maintained. 


44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


STENOMA FENESTRA, new species. 


Second joint of labial palpi light golden ochreous in front, white 
on the inner side and dark brown exteriorly; terminal joint dusky 
white. Face and head yellowish white, silvery. Thorax reddish 
brown with ochreous posterior tip; patagina blackish brown on 
lower half, tips light ochreous. Forewing dark violaceous brown; 
a round lemon yellow spot on costal edge near base, followed by a 
large reddish yellow spot, edged by dark velvety brown scales; a 
small yellow dot within the middle of the dorsal edge, some diffused 
reddish and dark-brown streaks on the cell; two indistinct and 
suffused, whitish, zigzag lines across the wing at apical third; ex- 
treme costal edge, a small spot at apical third of costa and extreme 
apex light yellow. Hindwing dark fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous 
with white underside. Legs white; tarsi and anterior tibie barred 
with dark brown. 

Alar expanse.—22 mm. 

Habitat.—Chiriquicito, Panama; Sixola River, Costa Rica, W. 
Schaus, collector. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16719, U.S.N.M. 

Nearest to S. apicalis Busck, which species was also taken in 
Panama, at Cabima, June. 


STENOMA PHYTOPTERA, new species. 


Second joint of labial palpi dark violaceous brown, strongly mixed 
with light ochreous toward the tip; terminal joint light yellow, with 
dark violaceous brown base and annulation before the tip. Face 
light straw yellow. Head dark ochreous mixed with brown. Thorax 
dark violaceous brown with posterior lobe leaf green. Forewing 
dark violaceous brown, irregularly mottled with leaf-green scales, a 
large blotch of which is found just before the middle of dorsum, 
followed by a black dot on the fold; at the end of the cell is a short, 
transverse, black line; on the middle of the edge is a large showy 
dark velvety brown spot with a pure white center and with deep 
black shadings in front, and with four or five black dashes toward 
the margin; cilia dark brown with small equidistant pencils of 
light ochreous. Hindwings blackish fuscous. Abdomen blackish 
brown; underside mixed with ochreous. Legs blackish brown; 
tarsi with narrow ochreous annulations. 

Alar expanse.—25-27 mm. 

Habitat.—Trinidad River, Panama, March. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16720, U.S.N.M. 

I also have this showy species from Sixola River, Costa Rica, 
W. Schaus, collector. Though of quite different ornamentation, it 
falls in the same group as the preceding species. 


no. 2043. NEW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSCK. 45 


ae 


STENOMA FUMIPENNIS, new speci?s. 


Labial palpi dark gray; inner side of second joint, base and extreme 
tip of terminal joint white. Lower face white; upper face, head, 
and thorax dark gray with a greenish and violet metallic sheen. 
Forewings dark gray; a small, triangular, whitish ochreous spot 
just before the middle of costa is bordered by two ill-defined, dark 
green, metallic spots; dorsal part of the wing below the fold strongly 
suffused with dark green metallic scales; at the end of the cell is a 
whitish ochreous, ill-defined cloud with a small green center, from 
which a metallic green spur runs down to the end of the fold; at 
apical third and just before terminal edge are two faint, whitish 
lines across the wing; the dark space between these lines is strongly 
suffused with green metallic scales; the entire wing when looked 
at toward the light is brilliant iridescent green, while away from 
the light the gray appears dull and the green appears blackish; 
cilia dark gray. Hindwing blackish fuscous. Abdomen blackish 
fuscous with two, lateral, whitish, longitudinal streaks. Legs silvery 
white on their inner sides; dark gray exteriorly. 

Alar expanse.—22-25 mm. 

Habitat —Alhajuela and Trinidad River, Panama, March. 

In the United States National Museum are specimens also from 
St. Jean, French Guiana, Sixola River, Costa Rica, and Aroa, Vene- 
zuela, W. Schaus, collector. 

Type-specuomen.—Cat. No. 16725, U.S.N.M. 

A brillant iridescent form allied to the foregoing species. 


STENOMA BASILARIS, new species. 


Labial palpi dark olive brown with apex of second joint and a 
thin streak on inner side of both joints white. Lower face white, 
upper face and head dark gray. Thorax dark gray with blackish 
patagina. Forewings white, overlaid with dark and light gray on 
dorsal half, costal half mostly white; base of costal edge and a short 
streak at costal fourth black; a small black streak on costa at apical 
third; a prominent, oval, black spot at the end of the cell, followed 
by a very irregular and inconspicuous, blackish, zigzag line across 
the wing; at apical fourth is a narrow white transverse fascia; around 
apical and terminal edges a marginal series of blackish brown dots; 
cilia dirty white. Hindwings light fuscous with the apical cilia 
white. Abdomen light fuscous with the white underside and light 
yellow anal tuft. Legs white sprinkled exteriorly with light brown 
scales. 

Alar expanse.—16-18 mm. 

Halitat —Alhajuela, Porto Bello, and Trinidad River, Panama, 
March, April. 


46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 16721, U.S.N.M. 

A well-marked species of the Schlaegert group, recognizable by its 
prominent black discal spot and the black inner angle of the fore- 
wing. 

STENOMA DISCALIS, new species. 

Labial palpi blackish fuscous with whitish inner surface. Face 
dark fuscous with lower edge white. Head yellowish white. Thorax 
yellowish white, central part shaded with fuscous, anal lobe dark 
fuscous; patagina yellowish white. Forewing yellowish white with 
dorsal half suffused with light gray; a small, blackish costal spot at 
basal fourth; another at apical fourth, and one at apex; a small 
dark brown spot at basal fourth of dorsum; cilia yellowish white. 
Hindwings light fuscous with yellowish white cilia and in the males 
with a white hairpencil at base of costa. Abdomen fuscous with 
white underside and yellowish anal tuft. Legs white with dusky 
tarsi; anterior tibiz and tarsi black in front. 

Alar expanse.—20 mm. 

Habitat.—Trinidad River, Panama, March. 

Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 16722, U.S.N.M. 

Closely related to S. basilaris, but slightly Jarger and without the 
discal and dorsal black spots. 


STENOMA MITRATELLA, new species. 


Second joint of labial palpi light ochreous brown exteriorly, black- 
ish at base; inner side white; terminal joint white, faintly sprinkled 
with light brown. Face and head pure white. Thorax dark fuscous 
with bluish black anal lobe; patagina light. ochreous fuscous. 
Forewings white, heavily overlaid with light ochreous fuscous 
except on costal part, which is pure white, and an ill-defined streak 
from base along the lower edge of the cell, where the white scales 
predominate; at the end of the cell is a short, transverse, blackish. 
brown streak; from apical third of costa runs an outwardly curved, 
dark fuscous, ill-defined line across the wing; at basal third of dorsal 
edge is a conspicuous tuft of light ochreous brown, raised scales; 
cilia light fuscous. Hindwing light fuscous with whitish top and 
apical cilia. Abdomen light fuscous above, underside white. Legs 
white with tarsi and anterior tibie brown. 

Alar expanse.—23 mm. 

Habitat—Porto Bello, Panama, April. 

Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 16723, U.S.N.M. 

Easily recognized in the Antzxotricha group by the ochreous brown 
dorsal tuft. 


no. 2043. NEW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSCK. 47 


STENOMA PLUMOSA, new species. 


Labial palpi yellowish white; second joint externally barred with 
light yellow and blackish brown; terminal joint with extreme base 
and a broad annulation before the tip blackish brown. Face light 
yellowish fuscous. Head and thorax light yellowish brown. Fore- 
wing yellowish brown with violaecous sheen; a dark brown line from 
base along base of dorsum, another similarly colored, zigzag line 
obliquely across the cell to the middle of dorsum; a dark brown, 
nearly straight, line from middle of costa at tornus and an outwardly 
curved, dark brown line from apical fourth to tornus; a marginal 
series of black dots around apex; cilia light ochreous; the male 
has a costal fold, from which expands a large heavy tuft of stiff, light 
ochreous hairs, half as long as the forewings. Hindwing light yellow 
fuscous, in the male with a light yellow costal hair pencil. Abdomen 
dark fuscous. Legs yellowish white. 

Alar expanse.—15 mm. 

Habitat —Trinidad River, Panama, March. 

Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 16724, U.S.N.M. 

Superficially mistakable for the somewhat smaller Zetesima lasia 
Walsingham, which also has a costal fold and tuft on the forewing, 
but the present species has normal Stenoma venation. 


STENOMA STRIATELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi white; second joint shaded with dark fuscous exter- 
nally toward base; terminal joint dusky toward the tip. Face 
pure white, silvery. Head white with center of tuft gray. Antenne 
dark fuscous with white base. Thorax dark brownish gray with 
whitish patagina and posterior tip. Forewings white; the dorsal 
two-thirds heavily overlaid with dark gray and sprinkled with darker, 
blackish brown, short, longitudinal dashes, of which a few also occur 
in the pure white costal third; three short, outwardly oblique, dark 
brown costal streaks, one at basal fourth, one on the middle of costa, 
and one at apical fifth; a submarginal series of black streaks around 
apical and terminal edge; cilia white. Hindwings dark fuscous 
with lighter cilia. Abdomen dark fuscous with lighter whitish under- 
side and anal tuft. Legs white with dusky tarsi. - 

Altar expanse.—14-16 mm. 

Hatbitat.—Trinidad River and Alhajuela, Panama, March, April. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16726, U.S.N.M. 


STENOMA PALLULELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi dark gray with inner side and tip of second joint 
whitish. Lower face white, upper face dark gray. Head and thorax 
dark brownish fuscous. Forewing with a large, blackish brown, basal 
area, reaching to basal third of costa and to the middle of dorsum; 


48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, you. 47. 


this space is liberally sprinkled with golden ochreous scales, especially 
on the two margins, and with scattered white scales; on the dorsal 
side this space is continued into a lighter dark gray space on the 
middle of dorsum; a large quadrangular space on the middle of costa 
and reaching down to the middle of the cell milky white, with a white 
ill-defined spur down to basal fourth of dorsum; in this white space is 
a black transverse spot at the end of the cell and an indistinct, black, 
zigzag line.in the outer part; apical third of the wing blackish brown 
with a diffused line of white across the wing and with a series of white 
terminal dots; cilia dark brown. Hindwing blackish brown with 
white costal area and in the male with a white costal hair pencil. 
Abdomen blackish fuscous with ochreous anal tuft. Legs light gray 
externally, white on the inner side; tarsi golden on the underside. 

Alar expanse.—20-22 mm. 

Habitat—Trinidad River, Panama, March. Also a specimen from 
Turrialba, Costa Rica, W. Seren oa ecie 

Type-specumen. eG No. 16727, U.S.N.M. 

A very dark species of the Anant group, distinguished by the 
very dark hindwing and the white costal hair pencil in the male. 


STENOMA CARBONIFER, new species. 


Second joint of labial palpi rich dark brown exteriorly, whitish on 
the inner side and at tip; terminal joint white. Face and head milky 
white. Anterior edge of thorax and base of patagina white; tip of pata- 
gina and the larger posterior part of thorax black, with a bluish metallic 
sheen. Forewing light ochreous clouded with brown, with a large, 
dorsal, evenly rounded patch of black scales, at base of which some 
are more or less erect; above and bordering this black space is a small 
patch of brown scales; three dark brown costal spots, one at basal 
third, one on the middle, and one at apicat fourth, from the latter 
starts an indistinct, outwardly curved, row of small brown dots across 
the wing to termen; a faint row of brown marginal dots along ter- 
minal edge; a small black dot at the end of the cell; cilia dark 
fuscous. Hindwings light yellowish fuscous with yellowish cilia. 
Abdomen dark fuscous above; underside light ochreous. Legs 
whitish ochreous; forelegs with dark fuscous outer side of tibiz and 
tarsi. 

Alar expanse.—19-23 mm. 

Habitat—Porto Bello, and Corozal, Panama. Specimens also 
from St. Jean, French Guiana, and from Tuis, Costa Rica, W. Schaus, 
collector. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16728, U.S.N.M. 

Intermediate between the foregoing Antaeotricha group and the 
genus Gonioterma, in wing form and coloration. Vein 8 of forewing 
to apex. 


No. 2043. NEW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSCK. 49 


STENOMA MARGINATA, new species. 


Labial palpi bright ochreous; second joint shaded with dark fuscous 
exteriorly; terminal joint with base and an annulation above the 
middle dark fuscous. Face light golden yellow. Head, anterior part 
of thorax and patagina, and costal edge of the forewings bright 
ochreous; thorax and patagina otherwise dark purplish brown. Fore- 
wings elongate ovate; apex and termen rounded, purplish brown, with 
a black dot at the end of the cell, another on the middle of the fold, 
and a marginal series of black dots around the apical and terminal 
edges; cilia ochreous fuscous. Hindwings dark purplish fuscous with 
the costal part, which is covered by the forewings, white. Abdomen 
dark purplish brown above, with light ochreous underside. Legs 
light ochreous, barred, and annulated with dark fuscous. 

Alar expanse.—16 mm. 

Habitat.—Cabima and Trinidad River, Panama, March and May. 

Ty pe-specimen.—Cat. No. 16729, U.S.N.M. 

Very similar in color and ornamentation to the somewhat smaller 
Cryptolechia epidesma Walsingham. 


STENOMA SIMPLEX, new species. 


Second joint of labial palpi white, shaded with dark fuscous exteri- 
orly and with a dark spot on the inner side near apex; terminal joint 
dark fuscous, with posterior edge white. Face white. Head and 
thorax dark violaceous brown. Forewing dark brown, nearly black, 
with a violaceous sheen; extreme costal edge narrowly white; a thin, 
white, broken, zigzag line across the wing from the middle of costa 
over the end of the cell to apical third of dorsum, but not quite reach- 
ing the dorsal edge; a small white spot with a black center at apex; a 
faint row of small white dots along terminal edge; upper part of cilia 
around apex white, lower part blackish brown. Hindwing blackish 
brown, with apical cilia whitish. Legs dark brown externally, pure 
silvery white on the inner side. Underside of body white. 

Alar expanse.—14-15 mm. 

Hatbitat—Trinidad River, Panama, June. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16738, U.S.N.M. 

Very close to S. menestella Walsingham, S. jiliferella Walker, and 
S. nwiliturella Walker, but somewhat larger than any of these, nearer 
in size to the also closely allied S. ochropa Walsingham. 


STENOMA MINOR, new species. 


Labial palpi silvery white, shaded externally with blackish fuscous. 
Face pure silvery white. Head blackish brown. Thorax blackish 
brown, with a bluish metallic sheen. Forewings dark purplish brown, 
with strong metallic reflections; costal edge at apical fourth touched 
with white; cilia light straw yellow, with a basal series of dark brown 

34843 °—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——4 


50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47, 


spots. Hindwing dark brown. Abdomen above dark purplish 
brown, with gray anal tuft and silvery white underside. Legs silvery 
white. 

Alar expanse.—8 mm. 

Habitat.—Trinidad River and Porto Bello, Panama, March and 
May. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16730, U.S.N.M. 

Reminding superficially very much of our North American species 
of Menesta. The type of this species has vein 2 and 3 in the forewing 


short stalked. 
STENOMA LEUCOTHEA, new species. 


Labial palpi pale rosy ochreous on the inner side, brown on the 
outer side. Face and head rosy ochreous. Thorax rosy ochreous, 
with a central and posterior ridge of raised reddish brown scales. 
Forewings pale ochreous gray; costal edge narrowly bright terra 
cotta; dorsal edge narrowly bright ochreous brown; a large, oval, 
light yellow spot at the end of the cell, edged posteriorly with dark 
ochreous; an outwardly curved transverse row of small blackish 
brown dots from apical third of costa across the wing; a similar, 
parallel, but fainter and not so complete, row of dark-brown scales 
from the middle of costa touches the yellow spot; a still famter and 
less complete line of dots at basal third; cilia rosy ochreous. Hind- 
wings light ochreous fuscous. Abdomen light fuscous above, pale 
yellow on the underside. Legs light ochreous, with dusky tarsi. 

Alar expanse.—20 mm. 

Habitat.—Trinidad River, Panama, March. 

Type-speciomen.—Cat. No. 16735, U.S.N.M. 

A very delicately tinted species, readily recognized by the darker, 
bright-colored edges of the forewings. 


STENOMA BOVINELLA, new species. 


Second joint of labial palpi light rose colored on the inner side, 
ochreous brown exteriorly; terminal joint light ochreous brown. 
Lower face white; upper face light ochreous brown. Head reddish 
brown. Thorax light brown. Forewings light brown with costal 
edge narrowly vivid brick red; from the middle of costa to basal 
angle of dorsum runs a darker, blackish brown, nearly straight line; 
from apical fourth of costa to apical fourth of dorsum runs an out- 
wardly evenly curved, blackish brown line; at the end of the cell is a 
circlet of blackish brown scales, enclosing a brown area, which is 
slightly lighter than the rest of the wing; a few scattered blackish 
brown scales on all parts of the wing; cilia light rose colored. Hind- 
wings light ochreous with the cilia touched with rose at the apex. 
Abdomen light brown above; light ochreous on the underside. Legs 
light ochreous with tarsi light brown externally. 


no. 2043. NEW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSCK. 51 


Alar expanse.—19 mm. 

Habitat.—Paraiso and Coroza, Panama, June. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16736, U.S.N.M. 

This species may be placed next to the S. tristrigata Zeller group, 
from which it differs in the smaller size and the inwardly directed 
dark line on forewings. 


STENOMA AFFIRMATELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi light bluish gray; second joint blackish brown exte- 
riorly; terminal joint with a blackish brown longitudinal line in front. 
Face dark lead colored. Head light, whitish gray, loose scaled. 
Thorax dark bluish gray. Forewings light bluish gray; the ground 
color is really dirty white but is so evenly and closely overlaid with 
bluish fuscous scales as to give the impression of an even color to the 
naked eye; three complete, broad, blackish fuscous lines run obliquely 
across the wing, the first from basal fourth of costa to the middle of 
dorsum, the second from the middle of costa to just before tornus; 
these two are tolerably straight and nearly parallel; the third line 
runs from apical fourth of costa to tornus and is outwardly curved 
and sinuated; a series of small, black, equidistant marginal dots 
around apex and termen; cilia light gray. Hindwing light ochreous 
fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous above, silvery white on the under- 
side. Legs white, barred exteriorly with dark fuscous. 

Alar expanse.—19 mm. 

Habitat.—Paraiso, Panama, June. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16737, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to S. liniella Busck, but much smaller and lighter in color. 


Genus GONIOTERMA Walsingham 
Type.—Gonioterma burmanniana Cramer. 
2 
GONIOTERMA IMPRESSELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi dark brown on the outer side; inner side and terminal 
joint reddish ochreous. Antenne dark olive brown. Face dark 
brown; head and patagina light reddish brown; thorax dark blackish 
brown. Forewings with costa nearly straight; apex pronounced but 
rounded; termen perpendicular; tornus pronounced; dorsum slightly 
concave; light reddish brown with a violet tinge, shaded with rich 
dark brown; at the base of costa is a large dark brown area reaching 
down to the fold; from basal third of costa runs an oblique dark 
brown line across the wing to apical third of dorsum, edged basally 
with ochreous scales; at the end of the cellis a short, perpendicular, 
brown streak; outer half of costal area dark brown; from just before 
apex runs a dark brown line across the wing, nearly meeting the other 
crossline at right angles on dorsal edge; cilia reddish ochreous with 


52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


dark brown basal line. Hindwing bright golden ochreous with a 
reddish tinge toward apex. Abdomen light ochreous with light red 
tip. Legs light ochreous; tarsi dark brown. 

Alar expanse.—21—25 mm. 

Habitat.—Cabima and Trinidad River, Panama, May. 

In the United States National Museum is also a specimen from 
St. Jean, Maroni, French Guiana, W. Schaus, collector. ~ 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16739, U.S.N.M. 

A very showy species when fresh; rubbed specimens lose much of 
the brilliancy and appear simply brown with a darker brown cross- 
line and with light yellow hindwings. 


GONIOTERMA GERDA, new species. 


Labial palpi light clay yellow, with exterior side of second joint 
blackish brown. Face and head light clay yellow. Thorax light 
yellowish brown. Forewing light yellowish brown with costal and 
terminal edges narrowly light yellow; on the middle of the fold is a 
small black dot; at the end of the cell is a similar black dot; from 
apical fourth of costa runs a faint darker brown line across the wing 
to dorsum; this line is sharply inwardly bent just below costa, 
thence evenly outwardly curved, terminating just before the begin- 
ning of the cilia; cilia dark yellowish fuscous. Hindwing yellowish 
fuscous with narrow yellow edge and light yellowish cilia. Abdomen 
light yellowish brown with whitish yellow underside. Legs yellow, 
anterior tibize and tarsi marked with blackish brown; posterior tarsi 
light brown. 

Alar expanse.—29 mm. 

Habitat.—Porto Bello, Panama, April. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16740, U.S.N.M. 

Very close to S. emma Busck, slightly larger and with more rounded 
terminal edge in the forewing; at once distinguished from this species 
by the lighter hindwing and the absence of the costal spot on the 
forewings. 

GONIOTERMA MINNA, new species. 

Second joint of labial palpi bluish white on the mner side, light 
golden brown in front and dark brown exteriorly; terminal joint white. 
Lower face light violaceous; upper face iridescent white. Head and 
thorax light purplish brown. Forewing light purplish fuscous; 
extreme costal edge golden yellow; two triangular dark purple costal 
spots, one on the middle of costa, one somewhat larger at apical fourth 
extended nearly to apex; just before apex a small, bright ochreous 
spot; from the two costal spots run very faint, outwardly strongly 
angulated lines of dark purple dots across the wing; a faint dark 
streak also from basal third of costa; base of costa slightly darker; a 
faint dark purple first and second discal dot; from the base of dorsal 


No. 2042. NEW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSCRK. 53 


edge runs a slightly curved dark purplish brown streak longitudinally 
across the fold and terminating just below the second discal spot at the 
end of the cell; terminal edge dark brown; cilia dark purple. Hind- 
wing dark golden fuscous with yellowish purple cilia; the males have 
a strong yellowish costal tuft of long sense hairs from base of the hind- 
wings. Abdomen fuscous with lighter underside. Legs light ochre- 
ous with darker brown tarsi. 

Alar expanse.—22-23 mm. 

Habitat——Porto Bello and Alhajuela, Panama, March. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16741, U.S.N.M. 

Differs from all species in this genus known to me by the longitudinal 
dark streak from base of dorsal edge to the end of the cell. 


GONIOTERMA CORA, new species. 


Labial palpi dark bluish brown with base and inner side whitish. 
Lower edge of the face and the tongue silvery white; upper face, head, 
and thorax dark brown. Forewings dark brown with a purplish sheen 
and with indistinct, darker blackish brown markings; from the black- 
ish brown costal edge run three thin, irregular, zigzag lines of the 
same color across the wing; one from basal third of costa to middle of 
dorsum, one from middle of costa to apical third of dorsum, and one 
from apical third of costa to tornus; a very faint row of small blackish 
brown dots along termen; cilia dark purplish brown. Hindwing 
dark fuscous. Abdomen dark brown above, light ochreous on the 
underside. Legs silvery ochreous, shaded with dark brown exte- 
riorly. 

Alar expanse.—22 mm. 

Habitat.—Trinidad River, Alhajuela and Porto Bello, Panama, 
Apri, May. 

Type-specomen.—Cat. No. 16742, U.S.N.M. 

Nearest to the foregoing species but with darker head and without 
any costal spot or longitudinal line. 


Family SPARGANOTHIDA. 
Genus HOMONA Walker. 


Type.—Homona coffearia Nietner. 
HOMONA AQUILA, new species. 


Male.—Labial palpi saffron yellow. Face and head bright saffron. 
Thorax brownish ochreous. Forewings arched at base; costa de- 
pressed beyond the middle; termen sinuate below apex; basal third 
light ochreous, reticulated with brown lines; rest of the wing, except 
a small ochreous, reticulated area on termen, suffused with dark 
brown, in which two irregular, outwardly curved, darker brown 
fasciae are barely discernible, one from just before middle of costa, 


54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47, 


the other from apical fifth; entire wing sparsely speckled with small 
black atoms tending to form transverse striation; cilia concolorous 
with the dark brown part of the wing. Hindwing dark brownish fus- 
cous, much darker than. the forewings, with apex and terminal edge 
broadly mottled with brown and black. Underside of both wings 
light ochreous, mottled with dark fuscous, transverse striation, 
Abdomen dark fuscous above, underside light ochreous with a longi- 
tudinal row of three deep black spots; male genital tufts blackish 
fuscous. 

Alar expanse.—34 mm. 

Habitat—Cabima, Panama, May. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16743, U.S.N.M. 

Very similar in wingshape and ornamentation to Homona sebasta, 
Walsingham, but somewhat larger and distinguished from all described 
species in the genus by the very dark hindwings and abdomen. ‘The 
longitudinal row of black spots on the underside of the abdomen is 
common to all the species of the genus known to me. 


HOMONA CONSOBRINA, new species. 


Female.—Labial palpi light saffron yellow mottled with dark red. 
Face and head light ochreous with a dark red, transverse line below the 
antenne; collar reddish brown. Thorax and patagina light violaceous 
brown. Forewing with base of costa strongly arched and middle of 
costa depressed; apex prominent; termen strongly sinuated below 
apex and strongly convex on the lower part; light brown, clouded 
with darker brown and evenly sprinkled with blackish brown dots, 
which tend toward transverse striation; costal edge from before mid- 
dle to apex broadly white, which color gradually mixes with the brown 
color of the wing; base of costal edge narrowly dark reddish brown; 
cilia dark mahogany brown strongly contrasting with the lighter 
brown scaling. Hindwings reddish brown, with white costal area and 
with faint, blackish brown, irregular, transverse spots. Underside of 
forewing reddish brown with apical part lighter ochreous, and sprin- 
kled with brown, transverse striation. Underside of hindwing light 
ochreous with brown, transverse striations; three round black dots in 
a longitudinal row between veins 5 and 6 and scattered black dots at 
the base of the light ochreous cilia. Abdomen light brown; underside 
ochreous with the usual row of black spots; terminal joint on the un- 
derside with a large cushion of peculiar, erect, thickened scales, such 
as are found in the females of all the American species. Legs ochre- 
ous; tarsi marked with dark brown. 

Alar expanse.—32 mm. 

Habitat—Porto Bello, Panama, May. 

Ty pe-specumen.—Cat. No. 16744, U.S.N.M. 


no. 2048. NHW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSCK. 55 


Closely allied to H. patulana Walker, but somewhat larger and 
darker and at once separated by the dark hindwings, which, however, 
are not as dark as those of H. aquila Busck. 


Family HEMEROPHILID. 
Genus HEMEROPHILA Hubner. 


Type—Hemerophila albertiana Stoll. 


HEMEROPHILA LACINIOSELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi golden fuscous. Face and head dark purplish brown, 
Antenne dark brown dotted on the upper side with silvery white. 
Thorax dark brown, finely sprinkled with ochreous white atoms. 
Forewings dark brown, finely but irregularly mottled with ochreous 
white dots; on the outer half sparsely sprinkled with single black 
scales; just before the middle is a transverse, slightly convex fascia, 
reddish brown on its costal half, dark brown on its dorsal half; apical 
corner of the wing bright golden yellow, with extreme apical and ter- 
minal edge deep black and with metallic blue angulated line, parallel 
with the edge; this angulated line is bordered on the inner side by a 
similarly angulated black line; all these markings cover only the 
upper two-thirds of termen; cilia coppery fuscous with strong me- 
tallic reflections. Hindwings and cilia dull dark brown with a whit- 
ish marginal line. Abdomen dark brown with broad, transverse, sil- 
very white bands on the underside. Legs dark brown with broad 
silvery white annulations. 

Alar expanse.—14 mm. 

Habitat—Trinidad River, Panama, March. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16756, U.S.N.M. 

Near to H. contrariana Walker, but without the golden yellow, zig- 
zag line on outer half of the forewing and differing also in the more 
elaborately ornamented apical corner. 


HEMEROPHILA MERATELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi whitish with dusky tip. Face and head dark brown. 
Antenne blackish brown with silvery annulations. Thorax dark 
brown with two broad, lateral, whitish brown streaks. Forewings 
with pointed, slightly produced apex; dark brown, finely sprinkled 
with ochreous white atoms; a broad, unsprinkled, reddish brown 
fascia just before the middle; the outer edge of this fascia is slightly 
convex and is well defined by the more condensed white dusting out- 
side; the inner edge is not so clearly defined, the white dusting en- 
croaching somewhat upon the fascia; beyond the fascia the ground 
color of the wing becomes more purplish; before apex is a large, 
round, reddish-ochreous spot, traversed longitudinally on its lower 
half by a pointed and uneven purplish prominence from the ground- 


56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 47. 


color; extreme terminal edge deep black; inside of this is a broad, 
marginal, ochreous streak, which is bent at the apex and continued 
along outer fifth of costal edge; the ochreous line is edged interiorly 
by a thin, bluish silvery line, which isin turn broadly edged by black 
on its inner side; cilia bluish fuscous, with strong metallic reflections. 
Hindwing with apex unusually sharply pointed and prominent; clear, 
light reddish ochreous with extreme base and a small, ill-defined spot 
on the middle of termen dark fuscous; cilia dark fuscous, with metal- 
lic sheen. Abdomen brown, underside transversely banded with sil- 
very white; underside of body silvery white. Legs silvery white, with 
broad, dark brown bars on the outer side. 

Alar expanse.—15 mm. 

Habitat —Trinidad River, Panama, March. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16757, U.S.N.M. 

Forewing very similar in color and pattern to those of H. contrariana 
Walker, but the bright ochreous hindwing places the species near to 
H. huituinalis Cramer (pulsana Walker). 


Genus JONACA Walker. 


Type.—Jonaca compulsana Walker. 

Though Walker’s generic descriptions are entirely inadequate for 
present day requirements and though my generic notes on the type 
of his genus Jonaca, made several years ago, are unfortunately not full 
enough for absolute determination, I feel reasonably safe in applying 
this name to the following species, which has the general habitus of 
the type of the genus. Below are given the generic characters of the 
present species, which I believe also apply to the type of the genus, 
J. compulsana Walker; a cursory examination of the type of this 
species in the British Museum will easily determine this. Labial 
palpi curved, ascending, hardly reaching vertex; second joint some- 
what thickened with appressed scales; terminal joint short, bluntly 
pointed. Face, head, and thorax smooth. Antenne short, stout, 
simple. Forewing with costa nearly straight, slightly deflected 
from apical third; apex blunt; termen rounded; tornus rounded; 
dorsum straight; cilia short; 12 veins, all separate; 2 from near 
end of cell; 3, 4, 5, equidistant, approximate from end of cell; 7 to 
termen; 11 from the middle of the cell; no secondary cell; 1b furcate 
at base. Hindwing broader than the forewing, roughly triangular 
with rounded apex; 8 veins; 3 and 4 connate; 5, 6, and 7 parallel. 
Posterior tibie with short tufts of hair above the spurs. Body 
stout. 

Allied to Rhobonda Walker, which differs in having an internal 
vein in the cell, vein 11 from near the base and vein 2 from near the 
middle of the cell. 


aN 


a, 


NO. 2043. NHW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSOK. yl 


JONACA OLIVACEA, new species. 


Second joint of labial palpi ochreous white, with a broad blackish 
brown band just before the apex; terminal joint with the extreme 
tip ochreous white. Face blackish brown, with a few scattered 
ochreous scales, Head and thorax dark olive brown; patagina olive, 
with whitish tips. Basal fourth of forewing greenish brown; the rest 
of the wing is deep blackish brown, nearly black except for a large, 
light ochreous, costal spot at apical third and a similar, duller, oppo- 
site dorsal spot, which, together form a nearly complete, broad, light 
fascia across the wing; this light fascia is poorly defined outwardly, 
and the light color is somewhat diffused over the apical part of the 
wing, which is otherwise blackish brown; cilia blackish brown. Hind- 
wing deep blackish brown, nearly black, with a large spot on the 
upper part of the cell ochreous white, a small spot following this 
golden ochreous, and with costal area white; the short cilia is pure 
white. Underside of forewings black, with a large golden yellow 
spot on the base of the apical veins; underside of the hindwings black, 
a large yellow costal spot at apical third and with the white semi- 
transparent spot of the upper side showing through. Abdomen 
above black, each segment posteriorly edged with white; last segment 
all black; underside of body ochreous white, slightly sprinkled with 
black scales. Legs whitish ochreous, broadly barred with black exte- 
riorly; tarsal joint black with narrow golden annulations. 

Alar expanse.—15-18 mm. 

Habitat—Cabima, Trinidad River, La Chorrera, and Taboga Is- 
land, Panama, January to June. 

Type-specrmen.—Cat. No. 16758, U.S.N.M. 


Genus. TORTYRA Walker. 


Type.—Tortyra spectabilis Walker. 


TORTYRA CUPRINELLA, new species. 


Second joint of labial palpi violaceous silvery; terminal joint dark 
purple. Face violaceous silvery. Head dark ietallic blue. An- 
tenne with the thickened basal part deep blue, a white annulation 
beyond it and tips gray. Thorax and patagina light bluish gray; 
thorax with two, dark purplish brown, lateral streaks. Extreme base 
of forewings silvery, followed by a short, oblique, blackish brown, 
costal streak and a similar, dorsal streak; basal two-thirds of the fore- 
wings dark brown, finely and evenly stippled with white dots, with 
the effect of a fine, white, transverse grain; at basal third is a trans- 
verse, bluish silvery fascia, of even width throughout, but slightly 
convex and broadly edged with blackish brown; terminal third of 
the wing strongly metallic, dark coppery with violet and blue reflec- 
tions; the limit between this part and the basal grained part of the 


58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 47. 


wing is oblique and rather sharply drawn from apical fourth of costal 
to shortly after the middle of dorsum; costal edge from apical third 
to apex dark greenish brown, unmottled; cilia light violaceous fus- 
cous, with strong, iridescent, metallic luster. Hindwings dark olive 
brown, with light violaceous, iridescent cilia. Abdomen dark olive 
brown; underside of body silvery brown. Legs light violaceous 
brown, barred with dark brown; first tarsal joints with large white 
spots above. 

Alar expanse.—14-15 mm. 

Habitat—Cabima and Porto Bello, Panama, March and June. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16759, U.S.N.M. 

This species is close to T. fulgens Felder and Rogenhofer, but 
differs in the two-colored thorax, the black basal streaks, the absence 
of metallic purple on basal third of the wing and the much lighter 
silvery fasciz. 

TORTYRA FERRATELLA, new species. 

Labial palpi whitish gray. Face iridescent, bluish silvery. Head 
deep metallic green. Antenne with thickened basal two-thirds deep 
metallic blue; a broad white annulation at apical third; tip dark 
brown. Thorax light silvery fuscous with two, broad, dark blue, lateral 
streaks. Forewings with the dark brown ground color irrorated and 
obscured by closely set whitish ochreous stippling, which forms fine 
transverse lines; just before the middle of the wing is a broad fascia 
of light steel colored scales, not very different from the stippling on 
both sides except in their luster; the fascia is markedly broader on 
the dorsal side than on the costal side and is edged with two, broad, 
blackish brown, transverse lines of which the outer is the broadest and 
nearly straight, while the basal one is irregularly undulating and as a 
whole slightly convex; across the base of the wing runs an oblique, 
interrupted, dark brown streak, and extreme base of costal edge is 
black; terminal part of the wing dark metallic blue, irrorated with 
gold and with a broad, golden, longitudinal streak at tornus; in the 
outer part of the whitish stippled part of the wing run several, spread- 
ing, longitudinal, deep black lines, mainly along the veins; apical 
fourth of costa dark unmottled brown; cilia dark brown with strong 
ferruginous sheen. Hindwing dark purplish brown with light steel 
colored cilia. Abdomen dark silvery fuscous. Underside of entire 
body silvery white. Legs silvery white with blackish brown bars and 
last tarsal joints blackish brown. 

Alar expanse —15 mm. 

Habitat —Paraiso, Panama, January. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16760, U.S.N.M. P 

Belongs to the group of auriferalis Walker and spectabilis Walker, 
but differs from both by the black longitudinal striation, as well as 
by the more subdued coloration, especially of the fascie. 


no. 2043. NHW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSCK. 59 


Genus PORPE Hubner. 
Type.—Porpe bjerkandrella Thunberg. 
PORPE LAMELLA, new species. 


Tuft on second joint of labial palpi black with base and a ring near 
apex light ochreous; terminal joint light ochreous with a broad, 
longitudinal, black streak in front. Face light ochreous. Head 
blackish brown with a central and two lateral, longitudinal, light red 
stripes. Forewings blackish brown on basal half, light reddish brown 
on outer half; in the black basal half are three longitudinal red lines, 
one on the middle of the wing from base to basal third, one above 
and one below this, beginning a little farther out and reaching to the 
reddish brown apical area; there are, besides, in the reddish black 
area one red, outwardly oblique, costal streak near base and two 
bluish metallic, outwardly oblique, costal streaks farther out, with a 
small red dash between them; also one large, outwardly oblique, 
bluish metallic dorsal streak reaching from the middle of dorsum to 
the end of the cell, where it is edged exteriorly by a deep black spot 
in the reddish apical area; in the apical part of the wing are three 
dorsal and three costal bluish metallic streaks, all more or less bor- 
dered with black; a black line along the terminal margin; cilia red- 
dish brown. Hindwings blackish brown. Abdomen dark fuscous 
with broad, transverse bands on the underside. Underside of body 
and legs broadly, transversely banded with light reddish ochreous 
and black. 

Alar expanse.—12-15 mm. 

Habitat—Porto Bello, Panama, March. 

Ty pe-specimen.—Cat. No. 16761, U.S.N.M. 

Differs in the longitudinal markings from other species of the genus, 
of which it is otherwise typical, though rather narrow winged. 


Genus USSARA Walker. 


Type.— Ussara decoratella Walker. 
USSARA EURYTHMIELLA, new species. 


Second joint of labial palpi light yellow; terminal joint darker 
golden yellow. Face and head light yellow. Thorax light yellow 
with two broad, longitudinal, brown stripes uniting at the posterior 
end; patagina brown with a light yellow basal stripe. Forewings 
reddish brown with two prominent, light yellow, basal streaks; one 
on the middle of the wing from base, slightly upwardly curved, ter- 
minating abruptly at basal third; the other, broader, on base of dorsal 
edge also terminating abruptly at basal third; the two streaks are 
nowhere connected; just before the middle of the wing is a straight, 
perpendicular, bluish metallic fascia, followed by a short costal and a 


60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 47, 


smaller dorsal light yellow dash; at the end of the cell is a short, 
bluish metallic transverse streak broadly edged with black and above 
it is a short, bluish metallic costal streak; beyond the end of the cell 
is an oval black patch traversed by fine, longitudinal, white lines 
and dashes; two light yellow costal dashes just before and in the cilia, 
preceded by small metallic spots; a broad, curved, interrupted, bluish 
metallic band around the termen edged on both sides with black; 
cilia light purplish with a yellow dash emphasizing the emargination 
of the wing. Underside of forewing dark purplish brown with the 
two apical yellow dashes equally prominent as on the underside. 
Hindwings dark purplish brown with light purplish cilia. Abdomen 
blackish brown with light yellow, transverse bands on the upper side. 
Anterior legs concolorous with the palpi, golden yellow; posterior 
legs light yellow with broad, blackish brown annulations. 

Alar expanse.—10 mm. 

Habitat—Porto Bello, Panama, April. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16762, U.S.N.M. 

Very similar to the type of the genus in color and pattern, but 
smaller and differing in details, by the black, white-striped, oval patch 
beyond the cell and by the two basal yellow streaks being separate. 


USSARA EUMITRELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi with terminal joint even more flattened than in the 
other species of the genus; black, with two thin, longitudinal, yellow 
stripes. Face and head black. Thorax black with a small yellow 
dot at posterior tip. Forewings black on basal part and on a large 
round area within tornus; elsewhere dark golden ochreous; the 
black basal part covers about a third of the wing and contains at 
basal fourth a large, light yellow, pointed, dorsal streak which reaches 
beyond the middle of the wing; the reddish ochreous part of the 
wing contains six small, bluish metallic, black edged, costal streaks, 
one terminal metallic streak below apex and two larger, dorsal, 
metallic streaks between and edging the two black fields; at the end 
of the cell is a bluish metallic round spot; cilia blackish brown. 
Hindwing blackish brown. Abdomen blackish brown with broad, 
transverse, silvery white bands on the underside. Legs black with 
narrow white annulations at the joints and with the outer spurs 
white. 

Alar expanse.—10.5 mm. 

Habitat——Porto Bello, Panama, March. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16763, U.S.N.M. 

Very close to U. repletana Walker, but differing in the large basal 
black patch and the unmottled black tornal patch, as well as in the 
coloration and size of terminal joint of the palpi. 


no. 20483. NEW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSCK. 61 


Genus MACHLOTICA Meyrick. 


Type.— Machlotica chrysodeta Meyrick. 


MACHLOTICA ATRACTIAS Meyrick.! 


Second joint of labial palpi light yellow with two broad black 
annulations; terminal joint longer than second, light yellow, with a 
broad, longitudinal streak in front. Face and the head dark fuscous 
with yellow edges. Thorax dark purplish fuscous. Basal half of 
forewing light yellow, streaked long... imally and transversely with 
purplish brown lines, forming a neat, checkered effect; apical half of the 
wing dark purplish fuscous with strong metallic, iridescent sheen; 
three broad, evenly edged, violaceous metallic, costal streaks; two 
short golden streaks just below apex; a terminal patch with two lon- 
gitudinal, golden streaks intervein three longitudinal rows of small 
round golden dots; cilia dark purple. Hindwings dark purplish 
brown with silvery costal area below the forewings. Abdomen dark 
purplish brown with golden underside. Legs dark purplish brown 
with narrow, light yellow bars and tarsal annulations. 

Alar expanse.—7 mm. 

Habitat—Bolivia, and Porto Bello, Panama, April. 

A brilliant little moth, which I also have from Cordoba, Mexico, 
February; F. Knab, collector; and from Peru. 


Genus GLYPHIPTERYX Hubner. 


Type.—Glyphipteryx bergstraesserella Fabricius. 


GLYPHIPTERYX PLENELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi, face, head, and antennez black. Thorax black with 
a central red spot; patagina black with red bases. Forewings deep 
brick-red with the ground color largely obscured by the extensive, 
metallic, greenish and black markings; extreme base and entire edge 
of the wing narrowly black; a transverse, straight, metallic, black 
bordered fascia across the middle of the wing; two costal and one 
dorsal, greenish metallic, black bordered, nearly perpendicular spots 
on basal half of the wing before the fascia; a strongly outwardly 
curved, greenish metallic, costal streak at apical third, the black 
border of which is continued into two black, longitudinal streaks, 
toward but not reaching the terminal edge; a long, curved, greenish 
metallic, black bordered streak from the end of the cell downward 
and along the terminal edge to just below apex; within the curve of 
this last streak are three longitudinal, parallel streaks with light 
ochreous intervals; cilia blackish. Hindwings black with whitish 
costal area; cilia black. Abdomen black. Underside of body and 
the legs black. 


1 Trans. Entom. Soc. London, 1909, p. 38, 


62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 47, 


Alar expanse-—Male: 21 mm.; female: 24 mm. 

Habitat.—Porto Bello, Panama, March. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16765, U.S.N.M. 

A perfect male and female of this gorgeous species taken while 
they were flying in copulation in the bright sunshine at Santa Rosa 
River, near Porto Bello; the species resembles a large Heliodines. 


Family ARRHENOPHANID. 


Only two genera are at present recognized as belonging to this 
family. These may, according to Durrant, be separated as follows: 
Forewings with veins 8 and 9 stalked, 10 absent = Arrhenophanes 
Walsingham. 
Forewings with veins 9 and 10 stalked, 8 separate= Cnissostages 
Zeller. 
Genus ARRHENOPHANES Walsingham. 


Type.—Arrhenophanes perspicilla Stoll. 
ARRHENOPHANES PERSPICILLA Stoll. 


Phalaena Bombyx perspicilla Srouu, Sup. Cramer’s Pap. Exot., 1790, p- 74, 
pl 16; fg. ’3: 

Parathyris perspicilla Husner, Verz. Schm., 1820, p. 158, sp. 1641. 

Dasychira ? perspicilla WALKER, Cat. Lep. Brit. Mus., vol. 7, 1856, p. 1740. 

Parathyris ? perspicilla Kirsy, Syn. Cat. Lep. Het., vol. 1, 1892, p. 853, sp. 18. 

Parathyris perspicilla Buscx, Smiths. Misc. Coll., vol. 59, 1912, pp. 4, 8-10, pl. 1. 

Arrhenophanes perspicilla WALSINGHAM, Biol. Cent.-Amer., vol. 4, 1912, p. 205, 
04 a (ope 1 fe 


No additional material of this interesting species was obtained 
since my note on it last year. It is recorded from French Guiana, 
Para, Brazil, and from the Canal Zone, Panama. The larva is a 
case maker and feeds in silk-lined galleries in Polyporus. 


ARRHENOPHANES CHIQUITA, new species. 


Male.—Labial palpi light ochreous, tinged with brown. Tongue 
absent. Antenne finely ciliated throughout. Face and head 
ochreous. Thorax ochreous, mixed with dark brown; posterior tuft 
long and thin. Basal two-thirds of the forewings golden brown 
suffused with dark burnt brown; an indistinct, oval, light ochreous 
spot on the middle of the fold edged with black; a larger, quadrangular, 
whitish ochreous spot at basal third of costa; at the end of the cell an 
indistinct group of black scales and base of costa darker than the rest of 
the wing; apical third of the wing, rather sharply separated from the 
basal dark part, is covered with large, circular or oval, whitish, 
semitransparent spots, with the narrow intervals light golden brown; 
cilia white with a dark brown pencil at apex and with tornal part 
blackish brown. Hindwings blackish brown with large, ochreous 


no. 2043. NHW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSCK. 63 


white, semitransparent spots; basal third whitish, a large, white spot 
of irregular outline across the base of veins at the end of the cell and 
two, small, round, white dots near tornus; also a larger white spot on 
the middle of termen; cilia blackish brown except for white tufts at 
apex and on the middle of termen. Abdomen and legs golden yellow; 
claspers and uncus very long, nearly a third of the abdomen. 

Alar expanse.—12 mm. 

Habitat—Cabima, Panama. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16766, U.S.N.M. 

Female.—Not known but probably much larger. The species has 
the venation of the present genus, but the wing ornamentation of 
Cnissostages Zeller, which is not known to me except through descrip- 
tions and figures. Mr. Durrant states that this latter genus has vein 
9 and 10 in the forewing stalked with 8 free, and if this proves a 
constant character it will amply separate the ne genera, which, how- 
ever, are closely related. 

C fiesestane is also a fungus feeder, according Zeller, on Boletis 


arborum. 
Family TINEIDA. 


HARMACLONA, new genus. 


Type.—Harmaclona cossidella, new species. 

Labial palpi recurved; second jomt long and bushy, especially 
laterally, reaching to middle of face; terminal joint very short and 
blunt, erect. Antenne in the males very short, bipectinate; in the 
females somewhat longer, but less than half the forewing; thickened 
with scales; simple. Face and head clothed with erect scales. Fore- 
wings long, narrow; costa and dorsum straight, parallel; apex bluntly 
pointed, termen oblique; 12 veins; 2 from outer fifth of cell; 3 and 4 
approximate from end of cell; 7 and 8 stalked, both to costa; 11 from 
before middle of cell; internal veins prominent, one from between 10 
and 11 to between 6 and 7, another from base to vein 5. Hindwings 
broader than forewings; elongate; triangular; costa straight; termen 
very oblique; apex bluntly pointed; 8 veins, all separate; 3 and 4 
approximate from the corner of the cell; 5 and 6 somewhat approxi- 
mate; 6 and 7 parallel, oblique; cross vein between 8 and the cell; 
cilia short, scaling sparse; both wings being semitransparent. Pos- 
terior tibiz with long loose hairs above. 

The short, pectinated male antenne and the strong internal veins 
as well as the robust body and the sparse scaling remind strongly 
of the family Cosside. 


HARMACLONA COSSIDELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi white, sprinkled with reddish brown. Face and head 
reddish white sprinkled with brown. Antenne dark brown with 
slight fugitive white scaling in the male. Thorax reddish white with 


64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


a large, central, velvety brown patch and blackish brown, posterior 
tuft; patagina with a velvety brown spot at base. Forewings viola- 
ceous white with strong iridescent reflections; sparsely scaled; semi- 
transparent; dusted with light brown, each scale having a light 
biown dot; along the veins, especially on dorsal half, are interrupted 
lines of scattered black scales; near apex are three small costal and 
three small dorsal blackish brown spots; cilia white, sprinkled with 
black. Hindwings hyaline, bluish, iridescent with darker veins and 
yellowish white cilia. Abdomen long and robust, sparsely clothed 
above with rusty brown, below with rusty white scales; anal tuft 
yellowish. Legs white sprinkled with brown and with brown tarsal 
joints. 

Alar expanse.—22—42 mm. 

Habitat.—Cabima, Porto Bello, and Alhajuela, Panama, April to 
October. 

Type specimen.—Cat. No. 16767, U.S.N.M. 

The United States National Museum possesses a large series of this 
singular species from Orizaba and Jalapa, Mexico, Sixola River and 
Juan Vinas, Costa Rica, W. Schaus, collector, and from Misantla, 
Mexico, R. Muller, collector. 


Genus AMYDRIA Clemens. 


Type.—Amydria effrenatella Clemens. 
AMYDRIA UMBRATICELLA, new species. 


Brush on second joint of labial palpi dark brown mottled with 
black; terminal joint brown with two, ill-defined and indistinct, black 
annulations. Face light ochreous. Headsomewhat darker ochreous. 
Thorax black. Forewing light ochreous suffused with brown and 
black; entire costal edge broadly black; a round black dot at the end 
of the cell; the area between this dot and tornus strongly mottled 
with black and dark brown; a small black dot at the base of dorsal 
edge; entire wing irregularly sprinkled with single black and brown 
scales; cilia light ochreous mottled irregularly with black. Hind- 
wings dark brownish fuscous with lighter ochreous cilia. Abdomen 
dark brown. Legs dark brown; tarsi broadly annulated with black. 
The males are much smaller than the females and rather lighter in 
color. 

Alar expanse.—Females, 20-22 mm; males, 11-14 mm. 

Habitat.—La Chorrera, Alhajuela, Porto Bello, and Trinidad River, 
Panama. March and June. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. 16768, U.S.N.M. 

Commonly taken in copulation, in the thatched roofs of native 
houses and at light. 


no. 2043. NEW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSCKE. 65 


Genus SCARDIA Treitche. 


Type.—Scardia boleti Fabricius. 


SCARDIA ISTHMIELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi light ochreous brown on the inner side, blackish brown 
exteriorly. Face and head light ochreous brown; vertex touched 
with blackish brown. Antenne ochreous. Thorax blackish brown; 
tips of patagina ochreous. Forewing dark bluish brown overlaid with 
black and with strong golden and iridescent reflections; costal edge 
with small, indistinct, geminate, ochreous spots, hardly discernible 
on basal half, more distinct on apical third; a broad, light, ochreous 
area along terminal edge sprinkled with black and brown scales; the 
ochreous space reaches from just before apex on the costal edge to 
apical third of dorsum; the edge toward the basal dark part is undulat- 
ing; a black projection at the end of the cell encroaches upon the light 
part and just below the light part projects into the dark area; a series 
of small, dark brown dots along the apical and terminal edges. Hind- 
wings dark purplish brown, with yellowish cilia. Abdomen dark 
brown above, light ochreous on the under side. Legs ochreous, 
strongly barred with blackish brown exteriorly. 

Alar expanse.—30 mm. 

Habitat.—Porto Bello, Panama, March. 

Ty pe-specumen.—Cat. No. 16769, U.S.N.M. 

A large, typical, narrow-winged species, close to S. coloradella 
Dietz, but without any dorsal ochreous markings. 


SCARDIA MINIMELLA, new species. 


So nearly identical in coloration and markings to the foregoing 
species as to suggest their identity, but only about half the size ot 
S. asthmella. The only difference seems to be the more clearly 
defined costal geminate spots, the lighter underside of the wing, and 
the lighter colored abdomen of S. minimella, all of which might be 
variation only. Such extreme variation in size, however, is not normal 
within this genus, and it is clearly obligatory, as well as undoubtedly 
correct, to consider them distinct. 

Alar expanse.—14-17 mm. 

Habitat.—Porto Bello, Panama, March. 

Type-specomen.—Cat. No. 16770, U.S.N.M. 


34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——5 


66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 47, 


Family ACROLOPHID2. 
Genus ACROLOPHUS Poey. 


Type.—Acrolophus vitellus Poey. 
ACROLOPHUS PANAMZ, now species. 


Male.—Labial palpi reaching vertex; first joint long and curved; 
second and third joints short, erect; first and second joints thickened 
with appressed scales, slightly projecting at apex, light ochreous gray 
on their inner side and at apex, dark brown exteriorly; terminal joint 
flattened, tolerably pointed, blackish brown with extreme tip light 
ochreous. Face and head light ochreous brown mixed with gray and 
white scales. Thorax ochreous brown. Forewing light ochreous 
brown mixed with white, dark brown, and black scales; pattern very 
poorly defined, but a broad, oblique, dark brown streak may be made 
out from the middle of the fold to costa just before apex, adjoining 
the base of which is a large, blackish-brown spot on the lower edge of 
the cell; a series of well defined, blackish brown costal spots and some 
diffused marginal brown spots on terminal edge. Hindwings dark 
brownish fuscous. Abdomen dark brown with light ochreous under- 
side and anal tuft. Uncus and lateral claspers slender, curved down- 
ward and inward at tip. Legs ochreous on their inner side, dark 
brown exteriorly; tarsal joints blackish brown with narrow ochreous 
annulation. On the underside of the thorax just under the forewing 
is a large, dense tuft of ochreous gray hairs, which can be erected so as 
to obscure the sides of the head and the base of the forewings. 

Alar expanse.—10-12 mm. 

The females which were repeatedly taken in copulation with the 
males are considerably larger and with more pointed wings and rather 
lighter in general color. The labial palpi are hardly as long as in the 
males and more porrected. They have no thoracic tufts. 

Alar expense.—17-21 mm. 

Hatitat—Alhajuela, Cabima, Trinidad River, Tabernilla, Paraiso, 
and Corozal, Panama. April, May and June. 

Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 16771, U.S.N.M. 

In a series of more than sixty males, hardly two are quite alike and 
the different state of preservation adds much to the variation, but the 
general habitus, as well as the structural characters, makes it easy to 
place the species, which appears to be close to A. ridicula Meyrick, 
described from a unique male from Dutch Guiana. 


ACROLOPHUS BIFURCATA, new species. 


Labial palpi dark grayish brown, very long, slender, overarching 
the head but held rather erect; each joint thickened with scales toward 
the tip; in the third joint these apical scales form a small free brush, 


no. 2043. NHW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM PANAMA—BUSOK. 67 


giving the joint the appearance of being bifurcate. Head and thorax 
ochreous brown. Forewings dark grayish brown dusted with black 
and with numerous short, transverse, blackish streaks; two faint, 
light ochreous, longtitudinal streaks, one through the middle of the 
wing from base to the end of the cell, the other along the fold; at basal 
fourth just above the fold is a small,reddish brown, black edged spot; 
cilia ochreous brown dusted with black. Hindwings dark brown. 
Abdomen dark brown above, dark ochreous on the underside. Legs 
dark ochreous, broadly barred with blackish brown. 

Alar expanse.—14-17 mm. 

Habitat —Corozal, La Chorrera, and Alhajuela, Panama. April, 
May. 

Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 16772, U.'S.N.M. 

Recognized among the small sized species described in the genus 
by the long, slender, peculiarly tufted palpi. 


ACROLOPHUS BACTRA, new species. 


Labial palpi light ochreous mottled with black exteriorly, long, 
slender, compressed, overarching thorax; two first joints somewhat 
thickened with appressed scales; terminal joint with large, rounded, 
compressed tuft. Face light ochreous. Head and thorax dark 
brownish fuscous. Forewing unusually narrow and pointed, of the 
same size and shape as the Tortricid genus Bactra; light ochreous 
brown, overlaid with darker brown and black scales; a series of equi- 
distant, blackish brown, costal spots; a large, blackish blotch at the 
end of the cell and a blackish, oblique streak on the base of the cell; a 
blackish brown marginal line along termen; cilia ochreous dusted 
with black. Hindwings light fuscous. Abdomen dark brown with 
lighter brown underside and ochreous anal tuft. Legs light ochreous 
brown. 

Alar expanse.—15-16 mm. 

Halitat—Alhajuela, Panama. 

Type-specumen.—Cat. No. 16773, U.S.N.M. 

The type-specimen has veins 7 and 8 stalked, 9 free; another speci- 
men has vein 9 out of 7+8. 

The pointed forewings single out this species among the small 
-Acrolophide. ; 


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[SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE PHILIPPINE CRUISE OF THE FISHERIES STEAMER 
“ALBATROSS.” 1907-1910.—No. 31.] 


NEW SPECIES OF CRABS OF THE FAMILIES GRAPSID 
AND OCYPODID. 


By Mary J. Ratruesun, 


Assistant Curator of Marine Invertebrates, United States National Museum. 


The new species and subspecies here described will be illustrated 
in the final report on the collections obtained in Philippine and 
adjacent waters during the years 1907-1910 by the steamer Albatross 
of the United States Bureau of Fisheries. 

The new forms are as follows: 

Varuna altimana. 

Ptychognathus guijulugani. 

Sesarma (Sesarma) palawanense. 

Sesarma (Sesarma) vicentense. 

Sesarma (Sesarma) mindanaoense. 
Sesarma (Sesarma) edwardsi philippinense. 
Sesarma (Sesarma) xquifrons. 

Sesarma (Sesarma) tectum. 

Sesarma, (Holometopus) limbense. 

Sesarma (Parasesarma) dumacense. 
Sesarma (Parasesarma) moluccense jamelense. 
Sesarma (Parasesarma) pangauranense. 
Macrophthalmus sandakani. 

Dotilla sigillorum. 

Tympanomerus philippinensis. 

The genus Varwna' is expanded to include those species of 
Ptychognathus in which the front is prominent, sublaminar, its 
margin horizontal and distant from the anterior border of the 
antennular cavities; the antero-lateral teeth well-marked and acute; 
the upper surface of the wrist subquadrilateral and armed at the 
inner angle with a tooth or spine; all of which characters are common 
to typical Varuna. The species added to Varuna resemble Ptychog- 
nathus in having the exognath wider in the male than in the female. 


1 Milne Edwards, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat., vol. 16, 1830, p. 511. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 47—No. 2044. 
69 


70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


ee 
The genus Varuna as now modified comprises the following species: 
Varuna litterata (Fabricius, 1798). Type-species. 
Varuna tomentosa Pfeffer, 1889. 
Varuna dentata (de Man, 1892). 
Varuna spinicarpus (Ortmann, 1894). 
Varuna polleni (de Man, 1895). 
Varuna affinis (de Man, 1895). 
Varuna onyx (Alcock, 1900). 
Varuna altimana Rathbun, 1914. 


Family GRAPSIDA. 


Subfamily VARUNIN 42. 
VARUNA ALTIMANA, new species. 


Type-locality Point Jamelo, Luzon; river, in 20-foot seine; 
July 13, 1908; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 44558, U.S.N.M. 

Dimensions.—Male type, length 20.7 mm., width 21.8 mm. 

Surface uneven; H-depression deep; a groove either side of the 
intestinal region; a transverse groove runs inward behind the second 
and bebind the third tooth; frontal and hepatic regions depressed; 
surface finely punctate and covered with still finer reticulating lines 
formed by flattened, confluent granules. Front broad, prominent, 
feebly bilobed, its lateral margins making an obtuse angle with the 
anterior margin. Upper border of orbit strongly S-shaped, forming 
at its union with the front a closed fissure ending in a triangular 
sinus. Antero-lateral margins moderately convergent, 3 teeth acute, 
with straight sides and separated by deep, narrow sinuses. Postero- 
lateral margins subparallel, slightly sinuous; a granulated line, 
beginning a little ways from the margin and considerably behind 
the last lateral tooth, forms the upper boundary of the very short 
and broad obliquely-vertical section of the branchial region. 

Antennules obliquely folded; nasal lobe triangular. Sides of 
ischiognath parallel; in the male the exognath is large and much 
swollen; reaching nearly to the end of the merognath and one and 
three-fifths times as wide as the ischiognath; in the female the 
exognath is much flatter and narrower, being not quite so wide as the 
ischiognath. 

Chelipeds stout in male; a fringe of hair on upper and inner edges 
of merus; carpus with a long spine which is triangular at the base, 
the tip acuminate, a tubercle at base of spine, just below anterior 
margin of segment; palms high, postero-inferiorly much swollen, 
posteriorly rugose; upper margin compressed and elevated in a flat 
lobe occupying the proximal two-thirds; fingers very broad and flat, 
narrowly gaping; immovable finger horizontal, with a blunt longi- 
tudinal ridge continued almost imperceptibly on the palm, and a 


NO. 2044, - NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 71 


sinus in the prehensile margin near the tip, teeth 9-11; dactylus 
strongly arched, armed with about 13 irregular teeth. Chelipeds of 
female weak, the palm and fingers each with a well-marked ridge. 

Legs narrow; margins hairy; last 3 joints heavily fringed below; 
a sharp, subdistal spine on merus. 

Abdomen of male subtriangular; terminal segment one and one- 
half times as long as its middle width. 

This species is nearest to V. affinis (de Man)' but has a more 
sinuous orbital margin, a different-shaped maxilliped (exognath 
wider, and ischiognath not widening distally), a longer, slenderer 
carpal spine, a lobe on upper margin of hand, a gape between the 
fingers. 

V. spinicarpus? has a more even carapace; less sinuous orbital 
margin; nasal lobe with sides angled, not straight; hand without 
a lobe above; merus-joints of legs with a small, inconspicuous spine; 
abdomen of male narrower. 

The lateral margins of the carapace are less incurved anteriorly 
than in V. tomentosa * or litterata* so that the carapace is squarer. 
The union of the anterior with the lateral edges of the front makes 
more of an angle than in either of those species, where the corners 
are rounded off. 


PTYCHOGNATHUS GUIJULUGANI, new species. 


Type-locality.—Guijulugan, Negros; April 2, 1908; 2 males, 2 females, 
adult (1 female ovig.). 

Type.—Cat. No. 44668, U.S.N.M. 

Dimensions.—Length of largest male, 8 mm., width 9.3 mm. 
Length of ovigerous female 8 mm., width 9 mm. 

Associated with P. barbata at Guijulugan, were four specimens of 
a closely allied species. 

Carapace a little broader than long, flat, regions indistinct; post- 
frontal tubercles well marked; the oblique portion of the branchial 
region is separated from the horizontal portion by a fine granular 
line in the posterior half. 

Front sinuous, prominent, half as wide as greatest width of cara- 
pace; edge without a line of granules. 

Antero-lateral teeth 3, blunt, the first or orbital tooth the longest, 
the last tooth very small; teeth not projecting sideways, sinuses 
triangular. 

Upper border of orbit sinuous and oblique. The antennules fold 
nearly transversely. Epistome very narrow, almost linear; posterior 
border crenulate. 


1 Ptychognathus affinis de Man, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 9, 1895, p. 97; vol. 10, 1898, pl. 28, figs. 21, 21a, 21D. 
2 Piychognathus spinicarpus Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 7, 1894, p. 711, pl. 23, figs. 13, 13%, 13k, 13z. 
8 Pfeffer, Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst., vol. 6, 1888 (1889), p. 30. 

4 (Fabricius) Alcock, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 69, 1900, p. 401, and synonymy. 


72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


The maxillipeds are situated a considerable distance back of the 
edge of the buccal cavity. 

Exognath broader than ischiognath in both sexes, more so in male 
than in female; ischiognath with subparallel sides; antero-external 
lobe of merognath very broad. 

In the male the inner angle of the wrist is rectangular, not toothed; 
hand massive, with a squarish patch of hair at the distal end, which 
is continued part way on the fingers. The dactylus is a little more 
than twice as long as the upper margin of the palm, is finely toothed, 
and when closed leaves a gap between it and the horizontal fixed 
finger; the latter has fewer teeth, 2 or 3 of which near the middle are 
large. In the female the wrist bears an equilateral, acute tooth at 
its inner angle, the chela is weak, with a well-marked granulate ridge 
above the lower margin, and grooved fingers; near the tips there is 
on the inner and outer surfaces a row of short hairs which are appressed 
against the horny tips. 

Legs rather narrow; no spine on meropodites; last 2 joints moder- 
ately hairy; the second and third pairs are about one and three- 
fourths times, the last pair one and one-fourth times, the length of 
the carapace. 

Differs from P. barbata' in having the carapace a little narrower; 
front more advanced and less deflexed, lacking the double row of 
granules in that species; upper line of orbit more oblique and more 
sinuous; epistome about half as wide; distance between epistome 
and maxillipeds greater; in the male the exognath is wider, ischiog- 
nath narrower, and lobe of merognath larger, than in barbata; these 
characters are present, though less marked, in the female; inner angle 
of wrist of male squarer, inner distal margin of wrist shorter, so that 
upper surface of wrist is more oblong than in barbata (this differ- 
ence less evident in female); in the presence of a row of short hairs 
about the ends of the fingers in the female. 


Subfamily SHSARMIN A. 
SESARMA (SESARMA) PALAWANENSE, new species. 


Type-locality.— River, Nakoda Bay, Palawan Island; December 31, 
1908; 3 adult females, 1 of which is ovigerous. 

Type.—Cat. No. 45792, U.S.N.M. 

Dimensions.—Female, length of carapace 39.6 mm.; width between 
orbital angles 41.8 mm.; width between epibranchial teeth 40.5 mm. ; 
width between posterior angles 36.7 mm.; width of front, 20.3 mm. 
Length of propodus 25.6 mm.; length of palm, between articulations, 
9 mm.; length of dactylus, upper margin, 17.6 mm. 


1(A. Milne Edwards) de Man, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 9, 1895, p. 105, and synonymy; vol. 10, 1898, 
pl. 28, fig. 23. 


No. 2044, NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 73 


Carapace a little broader than long, narrowing behind, the sub- 
rectangular epibranchial tooth at some little distance behind the 
acute orbital angle, the margin behind the second tooth slightly con- 
cave. Surface covered with tufts of coarse hair, intervening spaces 
smooth except for the customary granulate lines on the postero-lateral 
portions. Regions deeply separated from one another. Postfrontal 
lobes separated by deep and wide U-shaped sinuses, of which the 
median is much larger than the lateral; submedian Iobes more than 
one and one-half times as wide as outer lobes. Surface of front very 
much as in 8. teniolatum White, being concave and smooth except 
for a few tubercles; lower margin very sinuous. Upper margin of 
orbit long and sinuous and directed backward to the orbital tooth. 

Upper margin of merus of cheliped armed with a large flat sub- 
distal tooth; inner margin sparingly denticulate or spimose and 
expanded distally in a broad tooth. Outer surface of merus and 
carpus covered with granulated lines and tubercles; inner angle of 
carpus armed with a subrectangular tooth; outer and upper surface 
of propodus covered with tubercles, which for the most part are 
depressed and separated by reticulating grooves; fingers devoid of 
granules or tubercles except on the upper part of the dactylus; 
upper margin of palm thin, crossed by short, crowded and nearly 
longitudinal lines of granules, close to which runs a single line of 
smaller granules extending from the articulation with the carpus to 
the tooth at the distal end of the upper margin; no pronounced 
transverse elevation on inner surface of palm, but a feeble trace of a 
ridge; this surface is sparingly dotted with granules; fingers with a 
narrow gape (in the female), prehensile edges furnished with low 
uneven teeth; upper edge of dactylus margined, and milled incon- 
spicuously on the proximal half with about 25 grooves which stop 
short of the basal end. 

Ambulatory legs broad; third pair one and two-thirds times as 
long as carapace; merus joints broad, that of third pair a little over 
twice as long as broad, and armed with a strong, acute subdistal 
tooth; propodi long and dactyli short, the latter seven-tenths as long 
as the former in the third pair. 

Terminal segment of female abdomen a little longer than wide and 
so deeply invaginated in the sixth segment that the latter reaches 
nearly as far forward as does the terminal segment. 

Closely allied to S. teniolatum from which it differs in its longer 
and narrower carapace; narrower front; in the greater difference in 
the width of the outer and inner frontal lobes; in the granulate, not 
pectinate, ridge near the upper margin of the palm, which is closer 
fo that margin and not straight but follows the slight curve of the 
margin; and in the absence of a transverse ridge inside the palm. 


1 Alcock, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 69, 1900, p. 419, and synonymy. 


74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE YATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


Our species resembles also S. lafondii Hombron and Jacquinot,! 
which has a similar ornamentation on the upper margin of the palm, 
no ridge inside the palm, but the upper margin of the movable 
finger entirely smooth; in this last character, S. palawanense is 
intermediate between teniolatum and lafondw. The latter has an 
even broader carapace than teniolatum, and its side margins are 
parallel instead of convergent. 


SESARMA (SESARMA) VICENTENSE, new species. 


Type-locality.—Port San Vicente (Luzon side), Palaui Island, off 
northern Luzon; beach; Nov. 15, 1908; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 45758, U.S.N.M. 

Dimensions.—Male, length 8.8 mm., width at orbital angles 9.2 mm., 
posterior or greatest width 9.7 mm., width of front 4.6 mm. 

A small, square species with 3-toothed side margins and a vertical 
front. Carapace a little wider than long, sides nearly parallel but 
slightly diverging posteriorly, and a little concave behind the third 
tooth; dorsal surface almost flat, except near the front and postero- 
lateral corners; regions delimited, surface roughened with crowded 
flattened granules anteriorly and with confluent grooves and pits 
posteriorly; on the hepatic and anterior branchial regions there are 
also unequal bead-granules. Suprafrontal lobes nearly transverse, 
separated by very small emarginations, the lobes of the inner pair a 
little more than one and one-half times as wide as those of the outer 
pair; from these lobes the front descends abruptly, lower margin 
horizontal, sinuous with two broad, shallow lobes and an equally 
broad median sinus; sides of front parallel, lower corners rounded, 
surface finely granulous, a tubercle on each side near the lower 
margin almost in line with the notch between the outer and inner 
postfrontal lobes. 

Upper margin of orbit inclined obliquely backward and outward 
to the acutangled antero-lateral tooth; this is separated by a well- 
marked notch from the second tooth which is small and obtusangled; 
the third tooth is simply a smooth swelling of the margin. 

Epistome covered with vesicular pubescence. Merus of outer | 
maxillipeds equal in length to the ischium, its antero-lateral angles 
rounded off. 

Only the left cheliped is present and that is rather small, not one 
and one-half times as long as the carapace. Lower and inner margins 
of merus denticulate, outer surface covered with short ruge, upper 
margin formed by parallel, oblique rugee. Upper surface of carpus 
crossed by granulated ruge, inner angle bluntly rounded. Outer 
surface of hand nearly smooth, punctate, upper surface covered with 
sharp granules, and near the margin, with obliquely longitudinal and 


1 Voy. |’ Astrolabe, Atlas of Zoology, Crustacea, 1852 (?), pl. 6, figs. 4 and D. 


No. 2044, NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 5 


broken lines of granules; upper half of inner surface sparingly granu- 
lous, no transverse ridge present. The fingers do not gape when 
closed, although the irregular teeth do not fit snugly together; the 
upper margin of the dactyl bears 6 spinules on the proximal half. 

Merus joints of legs diminishing toward both ends, upper surface 
roughened with fine granules, anterior margin with a short subdistal 
tooth tipped with a back bristle, merus of third pair about two and 
three-fourth times as long as wide. Last three joints narrow, bor- 
dered with dark bristles; dactyli nearly straight till near the tip, a 
little longer than their respective propodi. 

In the male abdomen the margins are concave from the beginning 
of the fourth to the beginning of the sixth segment; terminal segment 
large, as wide as long, and as wide as the adjoining end of the sixth 
segment. 

This species is most nearly related to S. sinense Milne Edwards! It 
differs from sinense in its narrower front, only half as wide as the dis- 
tance between the orbital angles, in having a third tooth on the side 
margins, in the middle part of the outer surface of the palm being 
nongranulate, and in the absence of a transverse granular line on the 
inner surface. 


SESARMA (SESARMA) MINDANAOENSE, new species. 


Type-locality——Small stream south of Cotabato, Mindanao; May 
20, 1908; 1 female. 

Type—Cat. No. 45765, U.S.N.M. 

Dimensions.—Type female, length of carapace 18.2 mm.; width at 
antero-lateral angles 19 mm., width at postero-lateral angles 20.2 
mm., width of front 11.2 mm., height of same 2.3 mm., length of pro- 
podus of cheliped below 9.4 mm., same above 3.3 mm., height of same 
4.2 mm., length of merus of third leg 15.6 mm., width of same 6 mm. 

Carapace convex, regions well marked, especially the mesogastric 
and the cardiac; a groove parallel-to the gastro-cardiac groove cuts 
off a narrow strip of the mesogastric region except across the middle; 
surface rough with coarse pits and fine grooves; from most of the 
pits a bunch of short hairs arises; one of these bunches is situated on 
each of the 4 tubercles behind the postfrontal lobes; the tubercles of 
the outer pair are further forward than those of the inner pair and are 
nearly the size of the postfrontal lobes. These lobes are deeply and 
widely separated, the outer ones three-fifths as wide as the inner ones; 
the intervening furrows are continued well back on the carapace; 
sides of front parallel, lower rim projecting, in dorsal view bilobed 
and with a broad median sinus, in front view arcuate and a little 
sinuous. Upper margin of orbit oblique, orbital angle acute; outer 
margin of orbital tooth sloping backward and inward; next lateral 


1 See de Man, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 2, 1887, pp. 648 and 669. 


76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


tooth rectangular; a trace of a third tooth, indicated by a thickening 
of the margin. 

Outer surface of merus and carpus of cheliped of female crossed by 
short granulated ruge; merus with a short acute tooth above, no 
large tooth but a row of denticles on the inner margin; no tooth at - 
inner angle of wrist; palm relatively smooth and punctate, finely 
rugose in the proximal and upper portions; a few obliquely longitudi- 
nal granulated lines at the upper margin and just inside; inner margin 
almost smooth. The lower margin of the propodus is nearly straight; 
fingers nearly meeting, irregularly toothed; dactylus granulate at 
the proximal end, upper margin punctate. 

Third leg about two and one-half times as long as carapace, its 
merus over two and one-half times as long as wide; a sharp spine 
above each merus; margins of last two segments and distal end of 
carpal segments furry; dactyli with long horny tips, definitely shorter 
than their respective propodi in the second and third legs, a very little 
longer than the propodi in the first and fourth pairs. 

Near S. modestum de Man?! and S. longipes Krauss.?, From both it 
may be recognized by the wider front, different slope of the orbital 
tooth, smoother hands, longer merus joints of the legs; from the 
second by the shorter dactyli of the legs. 


SESARMA (SESARMA) EDWARDSI PHILIPPINENSE, new subspecies. 


Type-locality—Pangauran River, Port. Caltom, Busuanga Island; 
Dec. 15, 1908; 3 males, 3 females (1 male is type); also Dec. 16, 1908, 
1 female with Rhizocephalid parasite under the abdomen. 

Type—Cat. No. 45750, U.S.N.M. 

Dimensions.—Type male, length of carapace 14.5 mm., width 
between the orbital angles 16.7 mm., width of front 9.6 mm. 

This subspecies has a little wider carapace than typical edwardsi; 
the chele are narrower, the fingers more elongate and more hori- 
zontal; the abdomen of the male with the terminal segment deeply 
inserted in the sixth segment.* 

Variety brevipes de Man‘ has a male abdomen similar to that of 
philippinense, but has much shorter legs. The legs of the Philippine 
form are as in typical edwardsi.® 


SESARMA (SESARMA) ZXQUIFRONS, new species. 


Type-locality—Pangauran River, Port Caltom, Busuanga Island; 
Dec. 15, 1908; 1 male (type), 1 female. 
Type.—Cat. No. 45754, U.S.N.M. 


1 Abh. Senckenb. naturf. Ges., vol. 25, 1902, p. 511, pl. 19, figs. 8-8d. 
2 Die Siidafrikanischen Crustaceen, 1843, p. 44, pl. 3, figs. 2, a, b, c, d. 
3 See Journ. Linn. Soe. London, Zool., vol. 22, 1888, pl. 13, figs. 1-4. 

4 Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 4, 1889, p. 425, pl. 9, figs. 6a, 6b. 

6 Tdem, pl. 9, fig. 6c. 


No. 2044, NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. ira 


Dimensions.—Male, length of carapace 9.6 mm., width at epibran- 
chial tooth 11.4 mm., width at anterior angles 11.2 mm., width at 
posterior angles 10.7 mm., width of front 7.2 mm., height of front 1 
mm., length of third ambulatory leg 6.5 mm., width of same 2.9 mm. 

Distinguished by the slightly marked frontal lobes and the well- 
defined upper surface of the palm. 

Carapace sensibly wider than long, wider anteriorly than poste- 
riorly, widest at the single epibranchial tooth, lateral margins a little 
concave; surface everywhere punctate, mesogastric region defined, 
as is also the posterior cardiac lobe; oblique lateral lines few, about 
seven, the anterior of these crossing the epibranchial tooth. Front 
very wide, widening below, superior lobes separated by shallow fur- 
rows, the lateral ones very short; outer lobes a little narrower than 
inner; surface of front nearly vertical, lower margin arcuate, although 
nearly straight at the middle. Upper margin of orbit directed very 
obliquely backward to the short and slightly advanced orbital tooth; 
next tooth subrectangular. 

Maxillipeds widely gaping, the merus joints obliquely transverse. 
Chelipeds of male unequal; outer surface of arm, wrist, and proximal 
half of palm crossed by fine granulated rugee which on the middle of 
the palm are longitudinal; no spine on upper margin of arm, only a 
blunt angle; inner margin sparingly denticulate and with a shallow 
rounded prominence; no tooth at inner angle of wrist; chele punc- 
tate; upper surface of palm flattened, limited outwardly by a smooth 
blunt ridge and inwardly by an uneven granulated margin; a trans- 
verse line of granules inside palm, otherwise surface nearly smooth. 
Fingers moderately gaping; the horny extremity embraces the sub- 
terminal tooth on each finger; upper margin of dactylus with a line 
of four distant spinules; lower margin of immovable finger straight 
except at tip; prehensile edges irregularly toothed, three teeth on 
each finger enlarged. 

Ambulatory legs of moderate length; carpal and propodal segments 
densely hairy. 

Abdomen of male narrow, with a large terminal segment which is 
nearly as wide as long. 

Resembles the very briefly described S. lave A. Milne Edwards ! 
in its smooth shining carapace, but the carapace is narrower than in 
leve (where it is 7 mm. X 10 mm.), and the front has not a straight 
margin. 

The carapace has considerable resemblance to that of S. semperi 
Birger,? but the legs are shorter, the palm has no transversely ob- 
lique ridges above, and the movable finger is very feebly ornamented 
on the upper margin, instead of having stout tubercles. 


1 Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 5, 1869, p. 27. 
2 Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 7, 1893, p. 630, pl. 21, fig. 1. 


78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


SESARMA (SESARMA) TECTUM, new species. 


Type-locality— Port San Vicente, Palaui Island, off northern Luzon; 
seine; Nov. 14, 1908; 1 female adult. 

Type.—Cat. No. 45766, U.S.N.M. 

Dimensions.—Type female, length 18.3 mm., width at antero- 
lateral angles 18.4 mm., greatest width (at middle of carapace) 20.2 
mm., width of front 12 mm., height of front 3.7 mm., length of pro- 
podus of cheliped 9.2 mm., height of same 4.8 mm., superior length 
of palm 3.6 mm., length of merus of third leg 14.3 mm., width of same 
5.3 mm. 

This crab is densely covered with pubescence everywhere except 
on the cornex, the terminal half of the fingers and the horny tips of 
the legs; tufts of longer hairs are disposed on carapace, chelipeds, 
and legs, including a tuft on each tubercle. 

Carapace almost square, except for the two lobiform teeth which 
project laterally beyond the orbital tooth and make the carapace 
wider at those points. Regions limited by wide grooves. The prin- 
cipal tubercles are as follows: One large, behind each frontal lobe, 
the middle pair further back than the outer pair; one in the middle 
of the mesogastric region, and one on each side and nearly in the same 
line on the protogastric region; two side by side on the cardiac region; 
about three on each branchial region. Before the hairy coat is removed 
the tubercles seem to be more numerous. The surface is in the main 
smooth and shining, and there are no oblique ridges on the postero- — 
lateral regions. Frontal lobes prominent and deeply separated, the 
outer a little narrower than the inner. The front widens from above 
downward, is lowest at the outer ends and most prominent along the 
lower margin; this last is convex in front view, but sinuous from 
above, showing six shallow prominences; surface of front uneven. 
Upper margin of orbit very oblique; orbital tooth very slightly 
advanced, outer margin convex. 

Chelipeds of female equal, of moderate size. Merus with a subter- 
minal tooth on upper margin, and a slight prominence but no tooth 
on the inner margin. Outer surface of carpus covered with low tuber- 
cles; inner angle blunt. Chele, when hair is removed, smooth and 
shining, without ornamentation in the way of granules or lines but 
with two or three depressed and inconspicuous tubercles on upper 
surface, and fine puncte in a reticulating pattern where the hairs 
are inserted; upper margin of palm blunt; lower margin of propodus 
nearly straight; fingers slender, prehensile edges finely toothed as 
far as to the horny extremities which occupy the distal third and are 
slightly notched where the tips cross each other. Merus joints 
of the legs bordered by irregular tufts of hair which have the 
appearance of lobes; a subterminal tooth on anterior margin; 
the tufts of hair on the upper surface of merus, carpus, and propodus 


no, 2044, NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 79 


look like granules or tubercles, but when they are removed the surface 
is seen to be glossy and in the main smooth though a little uneven; 
dactyli shorter than propodi, tapering to a very slender horny tip. 

Terminal segment of abdomen of female inserted up to its middle 
in the sixth segment. 

S. tectum, in the absence of rugose lines on the postero-lateral por- 
tions of the carapace, in the shining surface, lack of roughness or 
granulation, coat of sete and hairs, resembles S. lanatum Alcock,* 
but the latter has a considerably wider carapace, with the tufts of 
hair smaller, more numerous and more uniform. 


SESARMA (HOLOMETOPUS) LIMBENSE, new species. 


Type-locality.—Limbe Island, Gulf of Tomini, Celebes; November 
12, 1909; 1 male (type), 2 females (1 ovigerous). 

Type.—Cat. No. 45920, U.S.N.M. 

Dimensions.—Male type, length of carapace 6.8 mm., width at 
antero-lateral angles 7.7 mm., width at postero-lateral angles 7.2 
mm., width of front 4.4 mm.; ovigerous female, length of carapace 
11.7 mm., width at antero-lateral angles 12.9 mm., width at postero- 
lateral angles 12.7 mm., width of front 7 mm. 

Carapace deeply sculptured; not only are the interregional grooves 
deep, but the grooves separating the postfrontal lobes are continued 
halfway to the mesogastric region, and the branchial region shows 
several areolets along itsinner border. Surface punctate and shining, 
with numerous very short and inconspicuous hairs. The antero- 
lateral tooth projects forward but not outward. Where the foremost 
of the oblique ridges joins the side margin, the latter is a little swollen. 
The front. is about 4 times as wide as high, surface concave, sides 
converging below, lower margin slightly sinuous, and in front view, 
arcuate as well; a bunch of coarse granules near the middle of either 
half. Postfrontal lobes somewhat oblique, outer pair slightly nar- 
rower than inner pair. 

Arm without spine above; inner margin with a triangular tooth 
denticulated on the edge. Palm rather smooth, sparingly punctate, 
with fine rug near the wrist and sparse granules near the top; upper 
margin a single slightly angled, granulated line running obliquely 
backward and outward from the distal angle of the palm to the point 
where it curves down to the articulation of the wrist. Within this 
margin and forming part of the inner surface, although visible from 
above, there are 2 or 3 granulated lines, the upper of which is, in the 
male, parallel to the upper margin; the others are also oblique but 
not parallel. The upper margin of the finger bears 8 or 9 scalari- 
form tubercles in the male; in the female the tubercles are low and 
only 5 or 6 proximal ones are discernible. 


1 Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 69, 1900, p. 418; Illus. Zool. Investigator, Crust., pt. 10, 1902, pl. 65, 
figs. 4, 4a. : 


80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


Legs long and narrow, the third pair more than twice as long as 
the carapace, and its merus two and one-third times as long as wide. 
The spine on the upper margin of the merus-joints is acuminate. The 
propodites are unusually long, the anterior margin of the third one 
being 4 times as long as its greatest width; the dactyls, on the other 
hand, are rather short, that of the third leg about two-fifths as long 
as the propodus. The dactyli are of uncommon form, convex on 
the anterior margin and also, but very slightly so, on the posterior 
margin, down to the long-pointed tip. 

This species has no resemblance to any other of the subgenus 
Holometopus, but its general aspect is much like that of a Samoan 
species of the subgenus Parasesarma, which I shall describe later. 


SESARMA (PARASESARMA) DUMACENSE, new species. 


Ty pe-locality.—Dumaca River, Luzon; February 25, 1909; 1 female, 
thin-shelled. 

Type.—Cat. No. 45922, U.S.N.M. 

Dimensions.—Type female, length of carapace 13.2 mm., width 
between antero-lateral angles 17.6 mm., width between postero- 
lateral angles 15.7 mm., width of front 9.8 mm., length of propodus 
of cheliped below 7.9 mm., same above 3 mm., height of same 3.4 mm., 
length of merus of second leg 10.7 mm., width of same 4.8 mm. 

Allied to S. plicatum.. The sides of the carapace are slightly con- 
cave; the antero-lateral tooth is acute; its outer margin does not 
curve inward toward the tip as in S. plicatum, but the tooth projects 
strongly outward. The interregional grooves are very deep, as are 
also the grooves separating the postfrontal lobes; these grooves are 
continued back nearly to the angles of the mesogastric region. On 
each branchial region there is a smooth longitudinally oblique ridge 
running near the side of the cardiac and intestinal regions. The 
lateral margins of the deflexed front converge below, while in plicatum 
they diverge; that part of the front lying before the antennules is 
very swollen. The propodus of the cheliped is more slender than in 
the female of plicatum; on the upper surface of the palm there 1s a 
pectinated ridge beginning at the distal inner angle of that surface 
and running in a longitudinally oblique direction, not in a trans- 
versely oblique direction, as in plicatum; parallel to this ridge there 
is a fine granulated ridge near the posterior margin. The protuber- 
ances on the upper margin of the movable finger are low and scalari- 
form; there are about 7 on the proximal half, after that they become 
very faint; each one is divided by a transverse line into a large 
proximal portion and a small tuberculiform distal portion. The 
anterior or upper margin of the meropodites of the ambulatory legs 
ae oe Ns ee ee eee 


1 (Latreille) Rathbun, Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skrifter, 7 Rekke, naturv. og math. Afd., vol. 4, 
1910, p. 329, and synonymy. 


no. 2044, NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 81 


is less convex in the distal half than in plicatum, so that the segment 
is wider distally than in that species. 

Color.—In alcohol the carapace is blotched, and the legs finely 
mottled, with dark on a light ground. 


SESARMA (PARASESARMA) MOLUCCENSE JAMELENSE, new subspecies. 


Type-locality—Point Jamelo, Luzon, in river; taken in 20-foot 
seine; July 13, 1908; 2 males, 2 females (1 male is type). 

Type.—Cat. No. 45917, U.S.N.M. 

Dimensions.—Type male, length of carapace 10 mm., width 
between antero-lateral angles 11.3 mm., width between postero- 
lateral angles 10.8 mm., width of front 6.6 mm., length of propodus 
of cheliped below 7 mm., same above 3 mm., height of same 4 mm., 
length of merus of third leg 7.7 mm., width of same 3.4 mm. 

This form differs from typical moluccense de Man,' in having the 
carapace a little narrower in proportion to its length; in the front 
also narrower in proportion to the width between the antero-lateral 
angles; in the 9 or 10 tubercles on the upper margin of the movable 
finger being obliquely transverse instead of longitudinal, each 
tubercle trending forward or distally toward the inside of the finger, 
as in S. lenziit de Man.? 

As in the typical species, the carapace is widest at the anterior 
angles; the surface of the front bears an elongated transverse tubercle 
near the lower margin on either side of the middle, and a round 
tubercle underneath the outer corner of the postfrontal lobes of the 
inner pair; the upper margin of the arm has no subdistal spine, 
only an obtuse tooth, the lower margin has a triangular expansion 
with denticulate border, and a spine or sharp tooth at the angle; the 
upper surface of the palm has two oblique pectinated ridges sub- 
parallel to the posterior margin, the ridges being prolonged back- 
ward by simple granulated lines toward the articulation with the 
carpus; in the female the ridges are more longitudinal; the merus 
joints of the legs bear a sharp spine on the upper margin; the abdomen 
of the male is shaped as in S. lenzii.2 


SESARMA (PARASESARMA) PANGAURANENSE, new species. 


Lype-locality—Pangauran River, Port Caltom, Busuanga Island; 
December 15, 1908; 1 female ovig. 

Type.—Cat. No. 45909, U.S.N.M. 

Dimensions.—Type female, length of carapace 4.8 mm., width at 
antero-lateral angles 6.5 mm., width at postero-lateral angles 5.6 


1 Sesarma melissa var. moluccensis de Man, in Max Weber, Zool. Ergebnisse einer Reise nach Nieder- 
landisch Ostindien, vol. 2, 1892, p. 328. 

Sesarma (Parasesarma) moluccensis de Man, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 9, 1895, p. 202; vol. 10, 1898, pl. 31, 
fig. 36. 

2 Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 10, 1898, pl. 30, fig. 35g. 

3 Idem, pl. 30, fig. 350. 


34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——6 


82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47, 


mm., width of front 3 mm., length of merus of third leg 4.3 mm., 
width of same 1.5 mm. 

The lateral margins of the carapace are slightly concave behind 
the acute antero-lateral spine; the upper margin of the orbit is long 
and sinuous; the surface is coarsely punctate, and on the anterior 
part, single coarse bristles proceed from some of the puncte. Front 
high, about one-fourth its width, sides parallel, lower margin most 
produced downward at the middle. Outer postfrontal lobes scarcely 
more than half as wide as inner ones, their anterior margin being 
continued downward toward the lower outer angle of the front. 

Arm without subdistal spine on upper margin, but with a trian- 
gular spine on inner margin. The outer surface of the palm has a 
microscopic granulation and is coarsely and sparsely punctate; on 
the upper part there are a few larger granules; the upper surface is 
crossed by three irregular longitudinally oblique ridges subparallel 
to the posterior margin. Inner surface of palm without transverse 
ridge. The upper margin of the finger has a row of very small and 
low tubercles, of which there are about 11 on the proximal half; on 
the distal half no tubercles are perceptible. 

Legs slender, especially in the last three segments; the merus 
joints have no subdistal spine above, but only a right-angled tooth; 
the dactyli are long and straight to near the end. 

Color.—The carapace in alcohol is dark, and the legs are cross- 
banded with dark; on the propodal segments there are two dark 
bands. 

This little species, for the mature female is only a quarter of an 
inch wide, has much in common with S. calypso,‘ in which, however, 
the front is wider and lower, the meropodites of chelipeds and legs 
have a superior spine, the meropodites of the legs are wider and the 
dactyli more curved. 


Family OCYPODID. 


Subfamily MACROPHTHALMIN®. 


MACROPHTHALMUS SANDAKANI, new species. 


Type-locality—Sandakan, Borneo; shore; March 3, 1908; 1 female. 

Type.—Cat. No. 44546, U.S.N.M. 

Dimensions—Female, length 8.2 mm., width at antero-lateral 
angles, 18 mm. 

Female.—Carapace a little more than twice as wide as long; sides 
posteriorly convergent; first of the 3 antero-lateral teeth situate on 
the upper margin of the orbit, the second tooth forming the angle of 
the carapace; 3 granulated tubercles in a longitudinal row on the 
branchial region; 2 deep, curved, transverse grooves on the anterior 


1 De Man, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 9, 1895, p. 185; vol. 10, 1898, pl. 30, fig. 34. 


No. 2044. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 83 


half of the lateral regions. Eyes reaching nearly to end of orbit, but 
halfway between tips of first and second teeth. Front moderately 
constricted, anterior edge truncate. Lower edge of orbit prominent, 
crenulate. 

Upper half of outer surface of palm granulate. Ambulatory legs 
sparsely furnished with long fine hairs, most numerous on the mar- 
gins of the fourth leg and the anterior margin of the merus of the 
third leg; a sharp subdistal spine on anterior margin of second and 
third legs. 

Allied to M. brews (Herbst)'=M. grandidieriti Milne Edwards ? 
and to M. sulcatus Milne Edwards.? M. brevis lacks the row of 
tubercles on the branchial region; the tooth at the antero-lateral 
angle of the carapace is broader; the anterior margin of the merus 
of the first three legs is densely hairy. In M. sulcatus the eyes reach 
beyond the carapace, the surface of the hand of the female is smooth, 
the legs are unarmed. 


Subfamily SCOPIMHERIN 2%. 


DOTILLA SIGILLORUM, new species. 


Type-locality—Sandakan Bay, Borneo; in seine; March 2, 2, 1908 ; 1 
female, mature. 

Ou oneness of carapace, 6 mm.; width of carapace, 9.4 

m.; thickness of body, 6.3 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 44549, U.S.N.M. 

Body very thick. Carapace very convex, short and broad, nearly 
smooth, and naked; a broad furrow on the front is continued across 
the gastric region; from each side of the mesogastric region a deep 
narrow groove runs back on the branchial region to a point opposite 
the cardiac region, where it turns outward and forward, forming a 
loop. Orbit shallow, oblique, its upper limit indicated only by a 
fine smooth rim as far as the tooth at the outer end; this last is very 
obtuse-angled and bounded posteriorly by a shallow notch. The 
orbit 1s on a much lower level than the apparent margin of the cara- 
pace; this margin is partially indicated by a very fine granulated line, 
which is present above the middle of the ocular peduncle, and also 
about the antero-lateral angle. There is a similar granulated line 
above the postero-lateral margin and the base of the last leg. Sides 
of the carapace vertical and horizontally grooved. Front narrow, 
deflexed vertically, lateral margins convergent, slightly hollowed at 
base of eye-stalks, extremity broadly triangular; surface smoothly 
elevated along the sides, a circular elevation in the center of the 
broad median furrow. Lower border of orbit finely crenulate. 


1 Cancer brevis Herbst, Naturg. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 3, Heft 4, 1804, p. 9, pl. 60, fig. 4. 
2 Nouy. Arch. Mus. d’Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 4, 1868, p. 84, pl. 20, figs. 8-11. 
8 Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (3), vol. 18, 1852, p. 156 (120). 


84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


ee 


Subbranchial, subhepatic and pterygostomian regions pubescent, 
sculptured. Epistome broad and very shallow, distant from, and 
above, the anterior margin of the merognath; the intervening space 
is filled by the palpus. Maxillipeds very large, bulging, the merus 
broader than long and about three times as large as the ischium, 
intermediate sulcus slightly oblique; merus with an antero-internal 
angle, and a sulcus along the anterior and the external margins. 

The chelipeds of the female are of moderate size, equal, finely 
granulate; a broadly oval tympanum extends half the length of the 
merus; the carpus is not much longer than wide, inner angle rounded; 
the manus increases in width distally, its height is nearly as great as 
its horizontal length across the middle, lower edge with a sharp 
granulated line which is continued half way along the finger, upper 
surface rounded; fingers long, slender, deflexed, curved inward, a 
granulated ridge on the outer surface of each and on the upper edge 
of the dactylus, but the distal third of the fingers is smooth; tips very 
slender, horny, overlapping; there is a narrow gape and a shallow 
prominence near the base of the dactylus. 

Legs granulate; merus joints dilated, the tympana strongly marked, 
smooth, occupying the entire width and about three-fourths the 
length of the segments; dactyli much longer than carpal joints, 
grooved, carine sparingly fringed with hair. 

Sternum and abdomen smooth and shining; abdomen subcircular. 

This species is very distinct from any before described. It is thick 
like D. myctiroides (Milne Edwards)! and D. wichmanni de Man,’ but 
the carapace is much shorter and broader and almost devoid of orna- 
mentation. The merognath is wider than in any other species of 
Dotilla, the ischium-merus having much the form of that in Scopi- 
mera investigatoris Alcock,* but the division sulcus is situated much 
further back. D. profuga Nobili ‘is the only species which approaches 
ours in the reduction of the epistome. The tympana are larger and 
more conspicuous than in any other species. 


TYMPANOMERUS PHILIPPINENSIS, new species. 


Type-locality.—Guijulugan, Negros; shore; April 2, 1908; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 45597, U.S.N.M. 

Dimensions.—Type male, length 3.2 mm., width 5.2 mm. 

Carapace subpentagonal, the upper margins of the orbit being 
oblique and the lateral margins of the carapace converging posteri- 
orly; carapace convex from front to back, uneven, granulate; front 
almost wholly visible in dorsal view, more than one-fourth as wide, 
in its posterior or widest part, as the distance between the outer 


1 Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (3), vol. 18, 1852, p. 152, pl. 4, fig. 24. 

2 Weber, Zool. Ergeb. einer Reise in Niederl. Ost-Indien, vol. 2, 1892, p. 308, pl. 18, fig. 8. 
3 Illus. Zool. Investigator, Crust., pt. 10, 1902, pl. 63, fig. 4b. 

4 Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 18, 1903, No. 447, p. 22. 


wo. 2044. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 85 


angles of the orbit; sides of front converging downward, lower margin 
rounded; surface concave; orbits with a dorsal inclination, upper 
margin sinuous; tooth at outer angle obliquely truncate externally, 
separated by a long, rounded sinus from the second tooth, which is 
small, obtuse and laminar, continuous with the postero-lateral 
margin; a raised line above and subparallel to the posterior margin. 

On outer half of merus of maxilliped there is a groove subparallel 
to the outer margin. Chelipeds twice as long as carapace, granulate; 
wrist without tooth at inner angle; hands as high as their length at 
the middle, a little longer than the fingers measured horizontally; 
lower margin of propodus strongly sinuous, the manus convex below, 
the finger bent downward; upper margin of dactylus finely serrulate, 
a low tooth on the basal half of the prehensile edge; no tooth nor 
sinus on the prehensile edge of the immovable finger; that edge in 
both fingers denticulate. Legs long and narrow, sparingly hairy; 
merus joints dilated, without tympana, dactyli nearly as long as 
propodi. 

First two segments of abdomen very short; third longer than first 
and second together, sides rounded; fourth not quite so long nor 
wide as third, its distal edge trilobate; fifth segment about as long as . 
its distal width, constricted at base, sides sinuous; sixth segment 
broader than long, sides sinuous, forming a small tooth at proximal 
end. 

The species in general appearance resembles 7’. stapletoni de Man,! 
which has transverse orbits, horizontal immovable fingers, almost 
smooth palms, and stout legs. 

T. pusillus (de Haan)? has a more pentagonal carapace than the 
new species, the orbits and also the lateral margins being more 
oblique; the granules on the paim are reticulated, the immovable 
finger is horizontal, and both fingers have a strong ridge through the 
middle of the outer surface; the merus joints of the legs are provided 
with tympana. 

In T. orientalis (de Man)’ the surface of carapace and hand is 
smooth, the carapace widens posteriorly, the cheliped and especially 
the carpus is elongate. 

In 7. ceratophora (Kelbel),* the eyestalk bears a long stylet which 
projects beyond the cornea, the chelipeds are elongate, the immovable 
finger has a strong tooth on its prehensile edge. 


1Rec. Indian Mus., vol. 2, 1908, p. 212, pl. 18, fig. 1. 

2 Ocypode ( Cleistostoma) pusilla de Haan, Fauna Japon., Crust., 1835, p. 56, pl. 16, fig. 1. 

3 Dioxippe orientalis de Man, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 22, 1888, p. 138, pl. 9, figs. 8-10. 

4Dioxippe ceratophora Keelbel, in Count Széchenyi’s Keletarzsiai utjanak tudomanyos Eredmenye, 
Budapesth, 1896, p. 714, pl. 1, figs. 8-12. (‘Titlecopied from Zool. Rec.1899). For German translation, see 
Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Reise des Grafen Béla Széchenyi in Ostasien 1877-1880, vol. 2, Wien, 
1898, p. 573, pl. 1, figs. 8-12. 


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NAMES APPLIED TO THE NORTH AMERICAN BEES OF 
THE GENERA LITHURGUS, ANTHIDIUM, AND ALLIKS:.! 


By T. D. A. CocKERELL, 
Of the University of Colorado. 


The Anthidine and Lithurgine bees, representing two groups of 
Megachilidse, are interesting on account of their habits, and fre- 
quently well-marked or even very peculiar structural characters. 
The Anthidiines, nearly always spotted or banded with yellow on 
the abdomen, are very well represented in our fauna, and are even 
to be found in the Miocene deposits of Colorado. Lithurgus, on the 
other hand, has only a few species in our fauna, although it is an 
old genus, found in the European Miocene, and widely spread over 
the earth, even to Australia and the islands of the Pacific. 


LIST OF SPECIES. 


Genus ANTHIDIUM Fabricius, 


A genus of many species, found in most parts of the world, but 
absent from Australia and New Zealand. 

The females use cottony fibers in making their nests, and are called 
by Fabre ‘‘Cottoniers.”’ 

For a discussion of the Palearctic genera and groups included by 
authors in Anthidium, see Entomologist’s Record, vol. 21, No. 12. 


TABLES. 


(1) Cockerell, Bull. So. Cal. Acad. Sci., vol. 3, 1904, pp. 56-58. (Males.) 

(2) Cockerell, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 40, 1911, p. 249. 

(3) Friese, Das Tierreich, Megachiline, lief. 28, 1911, pp. 379-381. 

(4) Friese, Das Tierreich, Megachiline, lief. 28, 1911, pp. 391-392. 

(5) Cockerell, University of Colorado Studies, vol. 4, 1907, pp. 249-250. 

(6) Swenk, University [of Nebraska] Studies, vol. 14, no. 1, 1913, pp. 9-11. 
americanum Frresr, 1911. Tab. 4. 

New name for A. maculatum Smith, preoccupied. 


1 The asterisk (*) indicates that the species is in the collection of the United States National Museum. 
Some species sent to the United States National Museum by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell labeled ‘‘cotypes,”’ 
are here listed as ‘“‘paratypes,”’ since Professor Cockerell uses the name ‘‘cotype’’in the sense in which 
the museum uses ‘‘paratype.’? The museum has considerable material in the Anthidiine group and 
when this material is all determined the number of species in its collection will be considerably increased. 
Of the 107 names (fossil species omitted) in this list in the Anthidiine bees, 47 are represented by speci- 
mens in the collection. Of this 47, 20 are types or paratypes.—J. C. CRAWFORD. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MuSEuM, VOL. 47—No. 2045. 
87 


88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


*angelarum Titus, 1906. Los Angeles County, California (Coquillett). 
Female 9} mm.; markings deep yellow, scopa very white, sixth abdominal seg- 
ment with large yellow spots. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9034, U.S.N.M. ‘ 
*astragali SwENK, 1913. Bad Lands at mouth of Monroe canyon, Sioux County, 
Nebraska. (M. Cary). ‘Tab. 6. 
Paratype.—Cat. No. 15259, U.S.N.M. 
atrifrons Cresson, 1868. New Mexico (S. Lewis). 
Same as emarginatum. 
atriventre Cresson, 1878. California (Hy. Edwards). Tab. 3. 
Female with ventral scopa and hair of face fuscous or black. 
atriventre SmirH. 1879. Orizaba, Mexico. 
Name preoccupied: —orizabz. 
aztecum Cresson, 1878. Mexico (Sumichrast). Tab. 4. 
Allied to cognatum. 
*banningense CocKERELL. 1904. Banning, California (Davidson). Tab. 1. 
Male 144 mm. 
*bernardinum CocKERELL, 1904. Strawberry Valley, California (Davidson). Tab. 1. 
Male about 14 mm.; allied to A. pecosense. 
Paratype.—Cat. No. 13666, U.S.N.M. 
*bernardinum aridum CocKERELL, 1904. Rock Creek, California (Davidson). Tab. 1. 
Scape of male yellow in front. 
*bernardinum fragariellum CocKERELL, 1904. Strawberry Valley, California (David- 
son). Tab. 1. 
Scape of male all black. 
bernardinum wilsoni CocKERELL, 1904. Mount Wilson, California (Davidson). Tab. 1. 
Male about 11 mm. 
blanditum Cresson, 1879. Nevada (Morrison). Tab. 2, 3. 
Coxe and trochanters (female) all black. 
_blanditum praedentatum CocKERELL, 1907. Boulder, Colorado (G. Hite). Tab. 5. 
~ Known (female) from A. montivagum and A. portere by the bright lemon-yellow 
sixth abdominal segment, its margin evidently notched in the middle, and the 
elongated marks over the eyes. Referred later to A. placitum as a variety. 
californicum Cresson, 1879. California (H. Edwards). Tab. 1, 3. 
Fowler describes the female from Berkeley and Redlands, California. Fox describes 
a variety from Lower California. 
clypeodentatum SwEnK, 1913. Sioux county, Nebraska. Tab. 6. 
*ceognatum Cresson, 1878. Georgia (Morrison). Tab. 3. 
Characters: Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 29, p. 175. Illinois (Robertson). 
compactum ProvancHER, 1896. Los Angeles, California (Coquillett). 
Name preoccupied: =collectum. 
conspicuum Cresson, 1879. Nevada (Morrison). Tab. 3, 5. 
Male: Entom. News, 1909, p. 262. 
Also in Colorado. 
collectum Huarp, 1896. Tab. 1, 3. 
Allied to A. emarginatum; see Bull. Southern California Acad. Sci., May 1904, p. 73. 
New name for A. compactum. 
collectum ultrapictum CocKERELL, 1904. Tehachapi, California (Davidson). 
Male a little larger; scape with a yellow stripe; abdominal bands very bright yellow, 
only that on first segment divided into four spots. 
crassipes CRESSON, 1878. Florida (Tatnall). Tab. 3. 
Ventral scopa yellowish; legs very robust. 
edwardsii Cresson, 1878. California (Hy. Edwards). Tab. 3. 
Dorsal hair of head and thorax dense and fulvous. 


No. 2045. NORTH AMERICAN BEES—COCKERELL. 89 


See ares scent ae Ra ea ee 
*emarginatum Say, 1824. Tab. 3, 5, 6. 


Face of female black. 

Cresson redescribes it from specimens collected in Kansas. 
emarginatum atripes CREssOoN, 1879. Nevada (Morrison). 

Male with legs entirely black. 
exhumatum CocKERELL, 1906. Fossil in the Miocene shales of Florissant (Scudder). 
flavolineatum Smiru, 1879. Oajaca, Mexico= Dianthidium flavolineatum. 

Female 8 mm., a short narrow line behind the eyes yellow. 

*harbecki CrAwrorD, 1910. Wenonah, New Jersey (H. 8. Harbeck). 

Has a pulvillus, ‘‘ Related according to the swollen legs to larrex and to crassipes. 
Outside of that one character it does not seem close to any others.’’ (Crawford in 
letter.) 

Type.—Cat. No. 13454, U.S.N.M. 

This is to be referred to Heteranthidiwm on the authority of Mr. Crawford. 

hesperium Swenk, 1913. Palo Alto, California. 
hesperium dentipygum Swenx, 1913. Laramie, Wyoming. 
*jllustre Cresson, 1879. Nevada (Morrison). Tab. 3. 

Fowler described the male from Redlands, California. 

Nesting habits; Entom. News, 1904, p. 284. 

This species is to be referred to Dianthidium. 

illustre consonum Cresson, 1879. Nevada (Morrison). 
impatiens Smrrn, 1879=Dianthidiwm impatiens. Tab. 4. 
Male 83 mm. 
incurvatum SwENnkK, 1913. Ute creek, Costilla County, Colorado (H. S. Smith). 
jocosum CREsSoN, 1878. Colorado (Ridings). Tab. 3. 

“A pretty little species, with the bands on apex of abdomen broad and uninter- 
rupted.’’ (Cresson.) 

*lupinellum CocKERELL, 1904. Pecos, New Mexico (W. P. Cockerell). Tab. 1. 

Male about 11 mm.; clypeusall yellow. Visits Lupinus. 

Also in Texas. on 

maculatum Smitu, 1854. Mexico. 

Notes on type: Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 21, p. 336. 

Apex of male abdomen with long straight parallel blunt spines, the outer ones very 
much longer than the middle one; subapical lateral spines hooked. 

Renamed A. americanum Friese, 1911. 

maculifrons SmirH, 1854. ‘“‘ United States.’? Tab. 3. 
*maculosum Cresson, 1678. “Utah (Putnam); California (H. Edwards).’’ Tab. 2,3. 

Male; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., May 1900, p. 412. 

montivagum CRESSON, 1878. Colorado (Ridings). Tab. 2, 3. 

mormonum CREsSON, 1878. Utah (Ulke). Tab. 3. 

nebrascense SwWENK, 1913. Sowbelly canyon, Sioux County, Nebraska (R. W. Daw- 
son). Tab. 6. Also in Wyoming. 

orizabee Datta TorrE=Dianthidium orizabe. Tab. 4. 
Abdominal scopa black. 

palliventre Cresson, 1878. California (Hy. Edwards). Tab. 1, 3. 
Supposed male; Bull. Southern California Acad. Sci., April, 1904, p. 60. 

palmarum CocKERELL, 1904. Palm Spring, California (Davidson). Tab. 1. 
Tegule apricot color. 

paroselz CocKERELL, 1898. Mesilla, Nex Mexico (Cockerell). Tab. 1. 

Male: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., May 1900, p. 412. 

Nesting habits; Minnie Newberry, Psyche, 1900, p. 94. 

*pecosense CocKERELL, 1904. Pecos, New Mexico (Cockerell), Tab. 1, 2. 

Also at Flagstaff, Arizona (F. C. Pratt). 


90° PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 47. 


*perplexum Smiru, 1854. Georgia. Tab. 3. 

Legs and margin of thorax ferruginous. 

This is to be referred to Dianthidium subgenus Anthidiellum on the authority of Mr. 
Crawford. 

placitum Cressoon, 1879. Nevada (Morrison). Tab. 2, 3. 

Female clypeus yellow except a median stripe; a yellow band behind ocelli, in- 

terrupted in middle. 
placitum preedentatum CocKERELL, 1907. Boulder, Colorado (G. Hite). Tab. 2, 5. 
*porteree CocKERELL, 1900. Las Vegas, New Mexico (W. Porter). Tab. 1, 5. 

Prior to 1900 confused with A. maculifrons. 

Also in Texas, and north to Calgary in western Canada. 

Type.—Cat. No. 5812, U.S.N.M. 

*porteree amabile CocKERELL, 1904. Boulder, Colorado (Cockerell). Tab. 5. 

Ground color of abdomen red. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9655, U.S.N.M. 

*porteree personulatum CocKERELL, 1907. Boulder, Colorado. (W. P. Cockerell). 
Tab. 5,6. 
Female clypeus entirely black; male with apical lobes and spine of abdomen black. 
*poudreum Tirvs, 1902. Fort Collins, Colorado (Titus). Tab. 2. 

““nondreum,”’ in the original publication, is a misprint. 

Male (11 mm.) differs from atrifrons by the yellow markings, scape entirely black, 
and last abdominal segment deeply notched, with a blunt black tooth in middle. 
Variety (? hybrid with tenuiflore); Ent. News, 1909, p. 262. 

Also at Flagstaff, Arizona (Pratt). 

praedentatum trianguliferum SweENnxK, 1913. Fort Garland, Costilla County, Colorado 

(L. Bruner). 

*psoraleze RoBeRTSON, 1902. Near Carlinville, Illinois (Robertson) Tab 6. 

Characters: Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 29, p. 175. 

Face of female black. 

*yidingsii CRESSON, 1878. Georgia (J. Ridings). Tab. 3. 

“A very distinct species, easily recognized by the abdominal fasci being very 
narrow and regular.’’ (Cresson.) 

This is to be referred to Heteranthidium on the authority of Crawford. 

rodriguezi CocKERELL, 1912. Guatemala (Rodriguez). 

sagittipictum SwEnx, 1913. Pullman, Washington (C. V. Piper). 

saxorum CocKERELL, 1904. Rock Creek, California (Davidson). Tab. 1. 
Abdomen shining, with sparse punctures, the markings orange. 

scudderi CocKERELL, 1906. Fossil in the Miocene shales of Florissant (Scudder). 

serranum CocKERELL, 1904. Rock Creek, California (Davidson) Tab 6. 

Male 15} mm. Comparison with illustre and conspicuum; Ent. News, 1909, p. 262; 
also Bull. Southern California Acad. Sci., Feb. 1904, p. 238. 

*tenuifloree COCKERELL, 1907. Boulder, Colorado (W. P. Cockerell). Tab. 5, 6. 

Allied to emarginatum; female ventral scopa sepia brown, pale at sides; male with 
dark tubercles and scutellum. 

Also in Montana and western Canada. 

titusi CocKERELL, 1904. Fort Collins, Colorado (E. 8. G. Titus). Tab. 1, 5. 
Allied to emarginatum. 
transversum SwENK, 1913. Ute creek, Costilla County, Colorado (H. 8. Smith). 
*tricuspidum PRovaNcHER, 1896. Los Angeles, California (Coquillett). Tab. 1, 3. 
Titus (1906) gives a new description. 
*utahense SwENK, 1913. Logan, Utah. 
Paratype.-—Cat. No. 15260, U.S.N.M. 
wallisi CocKERELL, 1913. Peachland, British Columbia (J. B. Wallis). 
Described in Canadian Entomologist, 1913, p. 13. 


No. 2045. NORTH AMERICAN BEES—COCKERELL. 91 


Genus DIANTHIDIUM Cockerell. 


A very widespread genus, rather more so than Anthidium, since there is one species 
in Australia, 

The females use resin in making their nests, and are called by Fabre ‘‘Résiniers, ” 
Pulvilli are present on the feet of this genus, but absent in true Anthidium. 


SUBGENERA AND SECTIONS. 


Paranthidium T. and W. CocKERELL, 1901. 
Type.—Perpictum Cockerell. 


Anthidiellum CocKERELL, 1904. 
Type.—Strigatum Panzer (European). 


TABLES. 


(1) Cockerell, Bull. Southern California Acad. Sci., vol. 3, 1904, pp. 3-4. 
(2) Friese, Das Tierreich, Lief. 28, Megachiline, 1911, pp. 379-381. 
(3) Friese, Das Tierreich, Lief. 28, Megachilinz, 1911, pp. 391-392. 
(4) Swenk, University [of Nebraska] Studies, vol. 14, No. 1, 1913, pt. 25-6. 
agnatum Cresson, 1878. Mexico (Sumichrast). Tab. 3. 
Wings fuliginous. 
apicale Cresson, 1878. Mexico (Sumichrast). Tab. 3. 
This, bivittatum and toltecum ‘‘are closely related, and have a short, broad, robust 
form somewhat like that of perplecum and notatum” (Cresson). 
balli Trrus, 1902. Ridgeway, Colorado, July 31 (E. D. Ball). 
Length 14 mm., markings dark rich yellow; allied to venustum. 
*pbivittatum CREssON, 1878. Mexico (Sumichrast). Tab. 3. 
Mesothorax with two yellow stripes. 
Guatemala (Barber and Schwarz). Female described; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., July, 
1913, p. 108. 
boreale Ropertson, 1902. Near Carlinville, Illinois (Robertson). 
Allied to D. notatum; male 8 mm.; legs red, marked with yellow. 
Characters: Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 29, p. 175. 
*concinnum CRESSON, 1872. Texas (Belfrage). Tab. 2. 
“Much like simile, differing principally by the color of the legs.”” (Cresson.) 
The legs are fulvo-ferruginous. 
Cotype.—Cat. No. 1773, U.S.N.M. : 
*consimile ASHMEAD, 1896. Near Los Angeles, California (Davidson). Tab. 1. 
Female 7 mm. 
Parasite; Torymus anthidit Ashmead. 
The nest is figured and described in Ent. News, 1896, p. 23. 
Type.—Cat. No. 16698, U.S.N.M. 
cressonii Datta Torre, 1896. Tab. 2. 
New name for venustum Cresson, preoccupied. 
- Nest: Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 12, (1906), p. 444, fig. 1. 
curvatum SmirH, 1854. Georgia. Tab. 1. 
This has been confused with sayi (interruptum Say). 
*davidsoni CocKERELL, 1904. Bear Valley, California (Davidson). Tab. 1. 
Allied to parvum. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9653, U.S.N.M. 
*ehrhorni CocKERELL, 1900. Mojave Desert, California (Ehrhorn). Tab. 1. 
Belongs to subgenus Anthidiellum. 
Type.—Cat. No. 5811, U.S.N.M. 
*eiseni COCKERELL, 1913. San José del Cabo, Lower California (Eisen). Belongs to 
Anthidiellum. 
Type.—Cat. No. 16225, U.S.N.M. 


92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 47. 


flavolineatum Smiru, 1879. Oajaca, Mexico. Tab. 3. 
formosum OrEsson, 1878. Colorado (Ridings). Tab. 2. 
Possibly the male of cressonit. 
gabbii Cresson, 1878. Costa Rica(W.M.Gabb). Tab. 3. 
*gilense COCKERELL, 1897. West Fork of Gila River, New Mexico (Townsend). 
aly. V2: 
Also in Texas. 
Male: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., May 1900, p. 413. 
Type.—Cat. No. 5810, U.S.N.M. 
gualanense CocKERELL, 1912. Gualan, Guatemala (W. P. Cockerell). 
illustre Cresson (see under Anthidium). Nevada (Morrison), Tab. 2. 
impatiens Smiru, 1879. “South Mexico.’’ Tab. 3. 
interruptum Say, 1824. ‘“‘Missouri.’’ 
Name preoccupied: = sayi. 
*jugatorium Say 1824. ‘Missouri.’’ Tab. 4. 
Very close to perpictum, differing in color of tegule. 
*Jarreee COCKERELL, 1897. Near Agricultural College, Mesilla Valley, New Mexico 
(Cockerell). Tab. 2. 
Legsred. Relationships; Bull. Southern California Acad. Sci., Feb., 1904, p. 23. 
Type.—Cat. No. 3507, U.S.N.M. 
lepidum Cresson, 1878. Georgia (Morrison). Tab. 2. 
‘‘Resembles jugatorium in ornamentation of abdomen” (Cresson). 
*macrurum CocKERELL, 1913. Federal District, Mexico (J. R. Inda). 
Type.—Cat. No. 16226, U.S.N.M. 
mexicanum Cresson, 1878. Mexico (Sumichrast). Tab. 3. 
Wings fuscous. 
*notatum LATREILLE, 1809. “Carolina.’’ Tab. 2. 
Redescribed by Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 2, 1864, p. 376. 
orizabe Datta Torre, 1896. Tab. 3. 
New name for A. atriventre Smith, preoccupied. 
*parvum CRESSON, 1878. Colorado (Ridings). Tab. 1, 2. 
‘“Marked very much like simile, but smaller” (Cresson). 
*perpictum CocKERELL, 1898. Ruidoso Creek, New Mexico (Wooton). Tab. 1. 
Type.—Cat. No. 5807, U.S.N.M. 
I have recently (Aug. 8, 1913) taken this at flowers of Helianthus annuus, at Boulder, 
Colorado. 
perpictum coloradense SwENK, 1913. Colorado Springs, Colorado. 
perplexum Smrrn. See under Anthidium. ; 
*provancheri Trrus, 1906. Los Angeles County, California (Coquillett). 
““Closely allied to ulkei, ehrhorni, and simile” (Titus). 
Type.—Cat. No. 9033, U.S.N.M. 
pudens Cresson, 1879. Nevada (Morrison). Tab. 2. 
‘‘This may prove to be the female of pudicwm” (Cresson). 
*pudicum Cresson, 1879. Nevada (Morrison). Tab. 2. 
Resembles D. parvum, but markings paler; perhaps not specifically distinct. 
Female; Entomologist, May, 1907, p. 99. 
*robertsoni CocKERELL, 1904. Rock Creek, California (Davidson). Tab. 1. 
Belongs to subgenus Anthidiellum. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9654, U.S.N.M. 
*sayi COCKERELL, 1907. Tab. 4. 
New name for interruptum Say, preoccupied. 
sayi xerophilum CocKkERELL, 1907. Mesilla, New Mexico (Cockerell). 
A very red form. 
*simile CRESSON, 1864. ‘‘Mass., Conn.’’ Tab. 2. 


no. 2045. NORTH AMERICAN BEES—COCKERELL. 93 


Varietal form or race in Texas; Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IX, p. 72. 
singulare Cresson, 1879. Nevada (Morrison). Tab. 2. 

‘Easily recognized (female) by the dilated lateral margin of abdominal segments 2 
to 4” (Cresson). First two abdominal segments with the yellow bands divided 
into spots. 

singulareperluteum T. and W. CocKERELL, 1904. Wilson’s Peak, California (Davidson). 
First two abdominal segments with the yellow bands deeply notched, but not 
divided. 

subparvum SwENK, 1913. Pullman, Washington (C. V. Piper). 
tertiarium CocKERELL, 1906. Fossil in the Miocene shales of Florissant (Scudder.) 
*texanum CrESSON, 1878. Texas (Belrage). Tab. 2. 

Nest and female; Melander, Biol. Bull., 1902. 

Allied to concinnum. 
toltecum Cresson, 1878. Mexico (Sumichrast). Tab. 3. 
*ulkei Cresson, 1878. Utah (Hy. Ulke). Tab. 2, 4. 

Comparison with parvum; Entom. News, 1909, p. 261. 

*ulkei perterritum CockERELL, 1913. Santa Fe, New Mexico (Cockerell). 
venustum CREsSON, 1878. Colorado (Ridings, Morrison). 

Name preoccupied: = cressonii. 

The following South American species are known to belong to Dianthidium: 


. gregarium Schrottky. 

. gregarium continuifasciatum Strand. 
. tigrinum Schrottky. 

. anisitst Schrottky. 

. paraguayense Schrottky. 
multiplicatum Smith. 

lunatum Smith. 

. Joergensent Friese (bruchi Schrottky). 
. brethesi Schrottky. 

. catamarcense Schrottky. 

. autumnale Schrottky. 

. nectarinioides Schrottky. 

. multifasciatum Strand. 


. inerme Friese. 

. bertonit Schrottky. 

. zebratum Schrottky. 

. bicoloratum Smith. 
bicoloratum tucumanum Vachal. 
. steloides Spinola. 
confusum Smith. 
indescriptum Dalla Torre. 
nudum Schrottky. 

. vernoniz Schrottky. 

. megachiloides Holmberg. 

. heathi Cockerell. 

. theringt Schrottky. 


booby syssyyyyy 
bsosyosossygsyy 


Anthidium rubripes Friese, which Brethes (1909) referred to Dianthidium, is an 
Anthidium. 
Genus HYPANTHIDIUM Cockerell. 
Second recurrent nervure passing well beyond second submarginal cell, as in 
Dianthidium, but feet with no pulvilli. 


aureocinctum CocKERELL, 1912. Mexico. 

*panamense CocKERELL, 1913. Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama (A. H. Jennings.) 
Type.—Cat. No. 16227, U.S.N.M. 
The type ot Hypanthidium is the South American H. flavomarginatum Smith. 


Genus HETERANTHIDIUM Cockerell.! 


Second recurrent nervure meeting second transverse cubital, as in Anthidium; feet 
with pulvilli; end of male abdomen pointed. See also Ent. News, 1909, p. 261 


*chippewaense GRAENICHER, 1910. Indian village at juncture of the Lower Tama- 
rack and St. Croix Rivers, Minnesota (Graenicher). 
Paratype.—Cat, No. 14915, U.S.N.M. 
cockerelli Trrus, 1902. Rocky Ford (Gillette) and Virginia Dale (Titus), Colorado. 
Described under Protanthidium. 
dorsale Lrpeterier, 1841. Georgia. This is the type of the genus. 
Legs ferruginous; hair of thorax and head above rufous. 


a a re i ee 
1 Entomological News, 1904, p. 292. 


94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 47. 


harbecki CrawrorD. Sec under Anthidium. 

*occidentale Cresson, 1868. New Mexico (S. Lewis). 
Colorado (cf. Cresson). 

ridingsi Cresson. See under Anthidium. 

*zebratum Cresson, 1872. Texas (Heiligbrodt). 


Genus PROTANTHIDIUM T. and W. Cockerell. 


This is an Asiatic genus; the two American species (cockerelli and chippewaense) 
which have been referred to it belong to Heteranthidium. 


Genus TRACHUSA Jurine. 


A genus of Europe, represented in California by a single species, which departs from 
typical Trachusa, and approaches Dianthidium, in the venation. In general, however, 
it is remarkably like the European 7. serratulex. 


perdita CocKERELL, 1904. Tehachapi, California (Davidson). 


Male about 12 mm.; abdomen black without light markings; clypeus and lateral 
face marks cream color. 


Genus LITHANTHIDIUM Cockerell. 
pertriste CocKERELL, 1911. Fossil at Florissant, Colorado. 
Genus LITHURGUS Berthold. 


Fox (1902) has proposed to separate the North American species as a genus Lithur- 
gopsis, but this can hardly be maintained. For an account of the characters of various 
species of Lithurgus, see Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 31 (1905), p. 333. 


Typical Lithurgus has no pulvillus in either sex; the males of Lithurgopsis have a 
distinct pulvillus. 


*apicalis Cresson, 1875. “Colorado, New Mexico (H. C. Yarrow, C. E. Aiken).” 
Hair at end of abdomen fulvous. 

*apicalis opuntize CocKERELL, 1902. Mesilla Valley, New Mexico (Cockerell), 
Hair at end of abdomen dark. Formerly confused with gibbosus. 

*compressus SmiTH, 1853. “United States’”’ (Doubleday). 
Apparently the male of gibbosus. 

*echinocacti COCKERELL, 1898. La Cueva, Organ Mountains, New Mexico (Townsend.) 
Visits Echinocactus wislizenit. 

*gibbosus SmirH, 1853. ‘United States.”’ 
Female with the facial prominence not at all bilobed. 

oblongus Fox= Megachile longula. 


Lithurgus is known from the European Miocene (L. adamiticus Heer). It is repre- 
sented in South America by the following species: 
L. corumbx Cockerell, 
L. dubius Sichel. 
L. laticeps Friese. 
L. albiceps Friese. 
L. hubert Ducke. 
L,. friesei Ducke. 


. rufiventris Friese. 

. pygmaeus Friese. 

. planifrons Friese. 

. neoqueenensis Friese. 
. osmoides Friese. 

. macroglossa Friese. 


Je lSsrlsst lsat ext bss 


, 


THE NOCTUID MOTHS OF THE GENERA PALINDIA AND 
DYOMYX. 


By Harrison G. Dyar, 
Custodian of Lepidoptera, United States National Museum. 


These strikingly colored Noctuids have long been favorites with 
collectors. They are best known under the name Palindia of Guenée. 
The Dyomyz have been generally associated with the Palindia, and 
are apparently allied. Dyomyx has a very long third joint to the 
palpi and presents none of the modifications of the hind tibize of the 
male, so general in Palindia. Some of the species have been fre- 
quently interchanged between the genera. 

The first species of Palindia made known were by Cramer, under 
the general terms Phalena Noctua and Phalena Geometra. NHiibner 
ranged them in two genera, Hulepidotis and Phrygionis. The type 
of the latter is generally considered to be cultaria Hittbner (= politata 
Stoll, not politia Cramer), the first species, a Geometrid. Of the 
former, the type is ilyrias Cramer, the first species, fixed by Butler 
(1892), a Palindia. Guenée next established Palindia and Dyomyz. 
Walker made no new genera in this group. Butler divided Palindia 
in three parts, using Hulepidotis for the green ones, Palindia for 
the white ones, and Phrygionis for the yellow ones. Bar placed 
them all in Palindia, included Dyomyz as closely related, if not a sub- 
genus, but separated the species with curved outer line under the 
name Calydia. The species will be treated here as done by Guenée 
under two names, but it will be necessary to substitute the older 
Eulepidotis for Palindia. 

Three species have been reported in the United States, Hulepidotis 
dominicata Guenée from southern Texas, where it may even be estab- 
lished, H. micca Druce, recently reported from Texas by Barnes and 
McDunnough, and Dyomyzx merrickt Holland from Pennsylvania, 
where it was probably accidentally imported on tropical fruit. 

Nothing is known of the larvee or life history of any of the rather 
numerous species. One hundred and three species are here considered 
of Eulepidotis and twenty of Dyomyz. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 47—No. 2046. 


95 


96 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VoL. 47. 


i 


Genus EULEPIDOTIS Hiibner. 


Eulepidotis Hitpner, Verz. bek. Schmett., 1816, p. 291. Type, illyrias Cramer 
(recte ilyrias) (first species); ilyrias specified by Butler, Ent., 1892, p. 189. 

Palindia Gurnés, Spec. Gen., 1852, vol. 6, p. 274. Type, hemileuca Guenée (first 
species); julianata Stoll specified by Butler, Ent., 1892, p. 189. 

Calydia Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), 1875, vol. 5, p. 291. ‘Type, bourgaultt Bar 
(first species); here specified. 


Table of the species. 

1. Outer line strongly depressed, forming an arc from tornus to middle of costa. 2 
Outer line not po Curved Js: 220 + ee ee ape tes ee rete = = tere el eer if 

2. Dark markings forming detached spots; angular-edged spots at apex, median 
area, and inMer MATPIN.........c0- cece newer eee mene eee e teen nn nee e eens 3 
Without detached dark spots.......2-0-20ccce cece cece cece cece enn e nee eee nnee 4 

3. Color pale ocher.....--.-.-------- eee cece cece cece cece cree metalligera Butler. 
Color white se Pai ctete eter atts lave aterm min aynimpamtal ofl ste stesnic osseata Bar. 

4, A dark brown velvety shade beneath the outer arcuate line.....--......------ 5 
No dark shade beneath the outer arcuate line. ........--.--..----------+---- 6 

5. Discal area violaceous and roseate; hind wing ocherous shaded.. ornata Dognin. 
Discal area without violet tint; hind wing fuscous.............. hemithea Druce. 

6. Orange ocher; vertical line within outer arcuate line catenulate, without bor- 
dering metallic scales......-..-.---0---022 cece cece eee e eens bourgaulti Bar. 

Dull ocher grayish; this line a row of pale spots, edged without by metallic blue 
Beales tase ele See eae aes See ee aaa gee eer norduca Schaus. 

7. Ground color not white; forewing crossed by 3 double-edged lines, or the basal 
ONE AeINELe 228 osc oeme -eeisicicle Jeel< sie wie ela einen ioe sialon eee 8 
Ground color not white; forewing crossed by 2 double-edged lines, the basal one 
onthe normals Obsoletes: |. oe eee sens sects sae ars loin tee weer eee 45 


Ground color white; forewing with 3 bands converging on tornus, the two outer 

generally suffused to the margin, leaving a single oblique band across middle... 52 
Ground color dark brown; a silvery white band or spots across middle of wing... 64 
Ground color white; at least thorax and base of wings; markings vertical, or not 


of 3 bands converging on tornuS........------+---------- eee eee eee e eee 67 
Ground color pale yellow with 2 parallel dark lines perpendicular to inner margin 
andsbent onecostasacacats ati vcs = ola aie alas Slee = eels =a ela anata oaiale 74 

8. Lines regular, straight or curved, not crenulate or crumpled.......-..-------- 9 
Lines crenulate ot crumpled........------------- 2-22 e see e eee cece eee e cece 42 

9. Central line obsolescent, marked with metallic only on costa........--------- 10 
Central line developed like the others... ...-.---------+-+---+--++---+-+++-- all 

10. Outer and inner lines straight’. .......-.02--ceceseee eee e ence eee junetta Dyar. 
Outer and inner lines curved on costa... ....-----2------++eee2e: magica Dyar. 

11. Ground color not green; subterminal metallic line present on forewing... .... 12 
No metallic subterminal line except in species with green ground color....... 26 

12. Hind wing orange or ocher, at least over disk....-.-.-----+-----+-+---++++++ 13 
Hind wing fuscous, or largely suffused, only apex sometimes orange.......--- 20 

13. Hind wing without dark patch at apex....--.-----------------++-+-+-++e+--- 14 
Hind wing with dark patch at apex.......------------------ +--+ +e eee re eee 19 

14. Lines of forewing with linear metallic edges ..--.--.----------------+-+++++-- 15 
Lines of forewing with broad metallic edges. ...-.-..-----------------+-+++++-- 16 

15. Mark on hind wing single, large, blue......--.-.------------------ dives Butler. 
Mark on hind wing of 2 oblique dashesand a patch of scales....--.---- emilia Bar, 

16. Mark of hind wing single... 2.22. - 2229 = --meme = ae be see se ae 17 


Mark of hind wing double:........-<252s2-- -<2ee see ee a= a stella Bar. 


. 2046. THE GENERA PALINDIA AND DYOMYX—DYAR. 97 


NO 
ieee etallic porder or linesileaden(). 9 e028 Jee 5. 8. ee ee ok 18 
Metallic borders of lines, except subterminal, blue................ suzetta Dyar. 
ieeeGround) color yellowish Orange. 6 cso ccclc o iceiec ook waves elo. formosa Bar. 
Ground color reddish orange................-- crocoptera Felder and Rogenhofer. 
Seo briehterorance: contrasted ss.) 21. sc.te ok se couse joc sct tke. corinna Cramer. 
Duller orange; fuscous markings more suffused.............-.-- prismatica Dyar. 
20. Thorax and base of forewing suffused with green............- transcendens Dyar. 
Thorax and base of forewing orange to fuscous brown..............--.-.-.... . 21 
21° Apex of hind wing orange to the edge..............-.---.-:--- penumbra Dyar. 
Apex of hind wing, if orange marked, not to the edge....................... 22 
22. Thorax and base of forewing orange ocher..........-..---------- regalis Butler. 
Thorax and base of forewing fuscous brown............2.-------e-eceeeeecce 23 
23. Apex of hind wing with ocher patch; metallic lines of forewing distinct 
selecta Dyar. 
Apex without ocher patch; metallic lines narrow, less distinct................ 24 
Ze Apex Or forewing With orange patel... . -<..2.ccssse+a<ceece: austrina Schaus, 
DOR OL LOCC WINE, WAtHOUL BUCHIPALCMs oo) a. cee ha eae ecu ks Sela eas 8 slows 25 
25. Dull, minutely squamose-strigate; lines scarcely orange-filled....._- sabina Bar. 
Brighter, smoothly scaled; lines orange-filled ............-.. ceruleilinea Walker. 
26. Lines broad, double-edged, filled with sordid orange shades.................. 27 
Lines occluded or nearly so, narrow, without distinct double edges; forewing 
MAEM. obo de bnodonaeeoactobdes0no6ou0Gnd05 Ses sudadoudsd4sbeocuusucodedes 30 
27. Inner line broad like the others, the 3 subparallel lines running to inner margin 28 
Inner line reduced, single, the others tending to converge on tornus.......... 29 
28. Wings mottled with green; no subterminal dots. ................ reticulata Bar. 
Wings not green; a row of subterminal dark dots................. mustela Druce. 
29. Small; smooth gray; a whitish zigzag subapical shade. .......... addens Walker. 
aree clouded: no subapical mark. 225.2 8.0.6 eicae cs ddeme superior Guenée. 
30. Hind wing fuscous with green patch on margin ...............-...-- anna Dyar, 
Hand wane broadly green, at least on: disk: -2-.2<52-.2224ee5 05. lees cece ce nek 31 
31. Both wings with silvery submarginal line ..............2..0-.20-eeeeeceeeee 32 
No metallic very:submarpinal line's, ssrla ae ciciahoc ssece esas eons coos as 33 
SZ EOUVeryeline HTOaAd. CONTtMMUOUS :.. side «cess cisisicc Gece ccwee ce argentilinea Schaus. 
Silvery line slender, broken into dashes.............00-0ce+ee---s reducens Dyar. 
33. Hind wing with point or short tail on margin, marked with black in fringe... 34 
Hind wing without point marked in the fringe, smoothly rounded or bluntly 
SSNS Sa A I POI ES See NU a era eae gy oe Se OE 39 
34. Wings beneath brown and ocher except near base..................-20------ 35 
Mies encase larcely oreen cee cena cae en eee co een oe aes oe 37 
35. Submedian fold of hind wing with a brown ray; apex of hind wing generally with 
SRG CL DROWN Spal Mee cates ona ste SSO cre Sete inieele ee viridissima Bar. 
Submedian fold of hind wing without a brown ray; no apical patch.......... 36 
36. Smaller; markings of the wings beneath slight.......................-chloris Bar. 
Larger; markings of the wings beneath distinct...............-.- folium Schaus. 
37. Hind wing with subapical orange patch and orange at tornus..............-- 38 
Hind wing without orange, all pure green above and below....- glaucopasa Dyar. 
38. Wings below largely brownish; male without fovea in cell of hind wing. 
ilyrias Cramer. 
Wings below clear green; male with transparent fovea in cell of hind wing. 
sylpha Dyar. 
39. Smaller; hind wing with little orange and that faint.................---.--- 40 
Larger; hind wing with large sharply marked orange patch at apex and tornus.. 41 
40. Hind wing with small silver patch before tornus...............schedoglauca Dyar. 
Hind wing without this patch; a brown spot on margin............ holoclera Dyar. 


34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——7 


98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


2 ———____anrnnEEEnEEEE EERE 


41. Hind wing with an angle on margin; no silvery dot; a brown streak on submedian 


orange area... 2s assesses ee cree ar eee saree ee eer stigmasticta Dyar. 
Hind wing without angle; a small silvery dot within the angle; no brown on sub- 
MiGdian) OFANSC ALTER sen. aseeeeiee = vee See eerie ate ee crocetpars Dyar. 

AD Wore win? Sree saose Soe asic ea cie este eons eae ree eS eel ee 43¢ 
Fore wing dark, with white marks about middle of costa. .......-..--------- 44 
43. Hind wing fuscous, no green. ---....2.-2---2-+---2---2-+--=---= atalanta Bar. 
Hind wing with green at tornus and margin.....-.-.-.---.----------- erina Dyar. 
44, Lines of fore wing regularly spaced.....-.--.---------------+--++-+ delecta Schaus. 
Lines of fore wing with the two inner approximated.....---. serpentifera Brabant. 
45. Inner line traceable by dots........---2-- 222-2 -02- 6-25-2222 = tenn === 46 
Inner line not traceable beyond costa......---..-.---------+-------------=- 48 
46. Costal edge marked with white, especially at inceptions of lines.......-..---- 47 
No white on costaledeey. 0-6-6 we ee eras areas striepuncta Herrich-Schaffer. 
47. Hind wing dull, violet patch not contrasted......-------------------- ezra Druce. 
Hind wing bright; violet patch well contrasted............-.------hebe Méschler. 
48. Terminal space of clear pale yellow ground color.......------.--------+------- 49 
Terminal space filled in with brown except on costa beyond outer line.....-.. 50 
49. Ground. color very pale yellow. - =. 2-2. -- ----4)-------- == === perducens Walker. 
Ground color distinctly straw yellow...-....--...---------------- affinis Schaus. 
50. Transverse lines joined by a bar on inner margin.....-.---------- julianata Stoll. 
Transverse lines separate on inner margin..........----------------++------- 51 
51. Fore wing yellow except terminal space.....-.------------------ juncida Guenée. 
Fore wing all shaded with brown.......-.-.------------------ var. mabis Guenée. 
Boo merminal area whites. \s-c5-.ces. Soe seetepie mesic k = 2 toate geminata Packard. 
Terminal area brown, suffusing the two outer lines.......-------.------------ 53 
53. Hringe brown....-.-.-------+---- 2632-0 see wn B eee eeec ect osenanaane 54 
Fringe white, at least at base centrally........-----------------+---+-+++--++-- 58 
54. Marginal area broad, the bounding inner line inbent in the middle........... 55 
Marginal area narrow, its bounding line nearly straight..-......-..-.-------- 56 


55. Submarginal dotted area of hind wing in orange, preceded by a minute dash. 
fortissima Dyar. 


This area in ocher, preceded by a long dash......-..-.------ dominicata Guenée. 
56. Oblique band joining outer area on tornus........------------ persimilis Guenée. 
Oblique band joining inner margin, separate from outer area. ....-.-.------- 57 
57. Marginal patch of hind wing preceded by a black dash....-.-.--.-- nicea Druce. 
This patch without preceding line, or very faintly......-.----- teligera Brabant. 


58. Marginal area inbent in middle; hind wing with no yellow except on margin... 99 
Marginal area straight or nearly so; hind wing frequently suffused with yellow. 60° 
59. Middle band very broad, white area reduced to narrow band on costal wedge. 


argyritis Butler. 

Middle band moderate; white area broad..........-------------- suppura Dyar. 

60. Hind wing with costal dark patch.......-.-..--..-------+-------0-- electa Dyar. 
Hind wing without costal dark patch. ............-----------+-+---++-----:- 61 

61. Marginal patch of hind wing solid, vivid, in orange........-.-.-------------- 62 
Marginal patch dilute, pale, the marginal dots relieved. -........---- candida Bar. 

62. Marginal band of fore wing rather broad........----------------+--++e+--+-- 63 
Marginal band of fore wing narrow.........-.----------------: santarema Walker. 


63. Band of fore wing running to costa before middle, well separated from base. 
rectimargo Guenée. 
This band very oblique, joined to base by the costal dash. --.- metamor pha Dyar. 
64:aimner band bluéss. 3. {sense ae. ae ene ae ee eine albata Felder and Rogenhofer. 
Inner band silvery. white. <<. -.2- ca nme note ae Slee rm oie Oie onic tote i eee 65 


No. 2046. THE GENERA PALINDIA AND DYOMYX—DYAR. 99 


nanan 

65. Costal half of hind wing whitish... ; ae ee eer = OUOCCO yar. 

Costa of hind wing with central pale patch. a most. Bale nia sa eee? Se AS Sees 66 

66. Smaller; orange patches larger; submedian dark dash of hind wing generally 

doubled: or hookedie: fats 2505. ceee ee oe guttata Felder and Rogenhofer. 
Larger; orange patches small; submedian dash of hind wing single. 

perlata Guenée. 


6/- Outer portion of wings white like the Inner.......0.....2...-.-...---0c----- 68 
Outer portion of fore wing filled in with dark brown, sharply limited....,.... 70 
68. Two straight lines on fore wing converging on tornus.............- detracta Walker. 


One angular line oblique on tornus, the others costal wedges or dots. 

testaceiceps Felder and Rogenhofer. 
Two irregular lines across wing, parallel, running to inner margin...........- 69 
69. Fringe on central third of outer margin of hind wing brown, but without preceding 
[ENTS RAST ga eA Ce ne gd Fay 6 Oe Ue Raye Lh de eS alabastraria Hiibner. 

Outer margin of hind wing with short, central, brown, preceding line. 
pulchella Bar. 
70. Hind wing with long brown bar preceding gray metallic area before marginal 


SUE TUG Saath AR a ON ay AS TR ANAS ERIS. CS Be ALR TE GR Aa 71 

Hind wing with small black spot before metallic area, and a smaller dot near 
MOTIRU Saar ateto (eran oe Aa ane Sie eran CMS eS Se Ses Mk eb a ie a ee 72 

71. Base of fore wing white with costal dark patch and dot........ hemileuca Guenée. 
Base of fore wing filled in with brown to vein 1...............-- microleuca Dyar. 

(2. Hind wing with no marginal ocellus....3....0-¢s.2-.<e-s0ssen0e vincentiata Stoll. 
Hind wing with marginal ocellus and white streak.................-.-.-.-.-. 73 

73. Termen divided in two colors by a wavy subterminal line...........-.ornata Bar. 
Termen all evenly dark, no subterminal line............ caudata Herrich-Schiiffer. 

74. Inner line of irregular large purple blotches. .................-. hermura Schaus. 
ihimenbine fincandislender: 2225. o.as te eee eack abd toe 3 ee 75 

ma.» Ground coloripale. yellow =3s=: 2.322 se.s0c00 00 166 babe modestula Herrich-Schiffer. 
Ground colondarkerw,ellowesaece a7 cenecuee cok < ose eons ees micca Druce. 


EULEPIDOTIS METALLIGERA Butler. 
Phrygionis metalligera ButiER, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 32. 
Calydia metalligera Druce, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Lep. Het., vol. 1, 1889, p. 316. 
Described from the Amazons. Specimens are before me from 
Colombia, French Guiana, Panama, Costa Rica, and Mexico. 
BULEPIDOTIS OSSEATA Bar. 
_ Calydia osseata Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), vol. 5, 1875, p. 293. 
Unknown to me in nature. Bar’s figure differs from metalligera 
Butler only in being white instead of yellow. 
EULEPIDOTIS ORNATA Dognin. 
. Calydia ornata Doanin, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. 18, 1911, p. 155. 
I have a single specimen before me from Bolivia agreeing with 


Dognin’s description. 
EULEPIDOTIS HEMITHEA Druce. 


Calydia hemithea Druce, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Lep. Het., vol. 1, 1889, p- 316. 


Described from Panama. I have two specimens from Chiriqui 
before me. 


100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


EULEPIDOTIS BOURGAULTI Bar. 


Calydia bourgaulti Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), vol. 5, 1875, p. 292. 
Phrygionis setosa BuTuLER, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 31. 
Described from French Guiana. I have specimens before me from 
that locality and others from Panama. 


EULEPIDOTIS NORDUCA Schaus. 
Calydia norduca Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), vol. 8, 1901, p. 38. 


The type is from Jalapa, Mexico. I have others from Mexico, 
Costa Rica, and Panama. 


EULEPIDOTIS JUNETTA Dyar.! 


This species from Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama, will be more 
fully described in a forthcoming report dealing with the results of 
the Smithsonian Biological Survey of the Panama Canal Zone. 


EULEPIDOTIS MAGICA, new species. 


Dark slaty brown, finely peppered over thorax and fore wings, the 
scales having bright tips as in sabina Bar, shading to orange brown 
over apex; three lines of metallic green, the inner bent subcostally, 
then slightly oblique, followed by brown; mesial line more oblique, 
lost below the subcosta except for a faint dark trace; outer line oblique 
above, less so below vein 5, running to tornus, preceded by orange 
at costa; a leaden subterminal line. Hindwing nearly black, with- 
out tail; three blue spots in a row along submedian fold, the middle 
one black outwardly, the outer marginal one nearly all black, raised; 
a slight black prominence on margin above this last,spot. Expanse, 
23-25 mm. 

Cotypes.—One male, one female, No. 15697, U. S. Nat. Mus.; St. 
Jean and St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana, October and 
November, 1904 (W. Schaus). 


EULEPIDOTIS DIVES Butler. 


Phrigionis dives Butter, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 30. 
Palindia dives Druce, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Lep. Het., vol. 1, 1889, p. 317. 


Three specimens are before me from French Guiana, identified by 


Schaus. 
EULEPIDOTIS EMILIA Bar. 


Palindia emilia Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), vol. 5, 1875, p. 299. 


Described from French Guiana, whence I have two specimens and 
another from Dutch Guiana. 


EULEPIDOTIS FORMOSA Bar. 


Palindia formosa Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), vol. 5, 1875, p. 300. 
I have two specimens from French Guiana, the type-locality. 


1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, 1914, p. 209. 


No. 2046. THE GENERA PALINDIA AND DYOMYX—DYAR. 101 


EULEPIDOTIS CROCOPTERA Felder and Rogenhofer. 
Palindia crocoptera FELDER and RoGgENnuorer, Reise Novara, Lep., pl. 111, fig. 
18, 1872. 
I have three specimens of this from French Guiana. 


EULEPIDOTIS SUZETTA, new species. 


Yellow, unusually clear; lines straight, dark ocherous, edged on 
one side by a fine brown line, on the other by a broad band of metallic 
bluish scales ; inner line with colors reversed ; mesial line more oblique 
than the others; a subterminal leaden line preceded by a brown line. 
Hindwing clear yellow; a rounded metallic blue spot on submedian 
fold, well before margin, at about outer third of wing; on the margin 
three silvery patches, marked by a few brown scales, the lower one 
opposite the submedian patch is the largest. Expanse, 24 mm. 

Type.—Male, Cat. No. 15698, U. S. Nat. Mus.; St. Jean, Maroni 
River, French Guiana, April, 1904 (W. Schaus). 

The specimen bears a label “corinna Cr., fide B. M.’’; but Bar’s 
identification must be respected since Cramer’s figure is so poor as 
to be uncertain if considered alone. 


EULEPIDOTIS STELLA Bar. 


Palindia stella Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), vol. 5, 1875, p. 297. 
I have no specimens of this species, which seems very distinct, 
judging from Bav’s figure. 
EULEPIDOTIS CORINNA Cramer. 
Phalena Noctua corinna CraMER, Pap. Exot., vol. 1, 1779, p. 47, pl. 29, fig. H. 
Palindia corinna Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), vol. 5, 1875, p. 296. 
Phrygionis quadrilineata Kaye, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901, p. 123. 

I have specimens from Trinidad, British and French Guianas, 
and Venezuela. 

EULEPIDOTIS PRISMATICA, new species. 

Dull ocher, shaded with sordid nearly all over the wings; lines 
double, the centers dull ocher, inner line blackish, outer metallic 
violet, but appearing dark leaden in most lights, inner line reversed; 
both mesial and outer lines bent more or less in the middle; reniform 
a dusky shade; submarginal line leaden; terminal row of dark dots. 
Hindwing with costa smoky, disk only dull orange; a curved streaked 
band with violet scales across disk; three silvery patches on margin 
preceded by black dots. Beneath rather uniformly light ocherous 
straw color. Expanse, 20-24 mm. 

Cotypes.—One male, two females, Cat. No. 15699. U. S. Nat. Mus. 
St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana, July, 1904 (W. Schaus). 

Close to corinna Cramer, but, I think, distinct. It is generally 
duller, less contrastingly colored, and beneath the uniform light 
ocherous tint is different from the bright yellow contrasted markings 
of corinna. 


102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


ee ee ee 


EULEPIDOTIS TRANSCENDENS, new species. 


Thorax, basal segment of abdomen, and basal space of fore wing 
pale glaucus green; fore wing lilacine brown, apical half yellow, form- 
ing a clear wedge on costa before outer line and a blotched area at 
apex; lines broad, double, orange filled, slender inner line dark brown, 
outer broad, metallic blue; subterminal line silvery; fringe dark. 
Hind wing nearly solidly fuscous; a yellow area in fringe below apex 
and at tornus; patch on submedian fold metallic blue, followed by 
minute lines to the silvery marginal patches, the lower of which has 
its black dots fused into a crescent. Expanse, 25-27 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, one female, Cat. No. 15700, U.S. Nat. Mus.; 
St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana, July, 1904 (W. Schaus). 

This species is abnormal in lacking entirely the hind tibial tufts 


of the male. 
EULEPIDOTIS PENUMBRA, new species. 


Dark brown; forewing rather roughly scaled, apex yellowish; lines 
double but rather narrow, curved, orange brown, but slightly relieved 
from the ground; metallic edges blue, narrow, that of midline obso- 
lete below subcosta; subterminal line leaden. Hindwing with clear 
yellow apex, involving the fringe, the rest of the wing of color of 
forewing, shading to blackish on costal half; two raised patches of 
scales on submedian fold, with blue metallic tint, the outer one mar- 
ginal and followed by a second smaller spot above; a dark line from 
subcostal dark region to inner submedian spot. Expanse, 27 mm. 

Type.—Female, Cat. No. 15701, U.S. Nat. Mus.; St. Jean, Maroni 
River, French Guiana, March, 1904 (W. Schaus). 


EULEPIDOTIS REGALIS Butler. 
Phrygionis regalis Butter, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 31, note. 
I have one specimen from French Guiana, identified by Schaus. 


EULEPIDOTIS SELECTA, new species. 


Forewing brown over orange under tint, which appears subapically 
in a triangular diffused area; lines orange brown, with slender dark 
inner edges and metallic blue outer ones (inner line reversed), mmner 
and mesial lines straight, the mesial more oblique; outer line curved 
in upper half; subterminal line silvery; terminal dots black. Hind- 
wing fuscous brown, a hght patch near apex; disk with a reddish area, 
followed by a metallic blue band, then an area of black irrorations; 
three marginal silvery elongate patches with black dots. Beneath 
contrastingly marked, orange-yellow and fuscous, the apex of fore- 
wing broadly fuscous; hindwing with two streaks on costa. Expanse, 
27 mm. 

Type.—Female, Cat. No. 15702, U. S. Nat. Mus.; Rockstone, 
Exsequibo River, Dutch Guiana, September, 1904 (W. Schaus). 

Near corinna Cramer, more darkly shaded, the lines narrower and 
with slender metallic edges. 


No. 2046. THE GENERA PALINDIA AND DYOMYX—DYAR. 103 


EULEPIDOTIS AUSTRINA Schaus. 
Palindia austriana Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 7, 1911, p. 60. 
The type and another specimen from the same locality are 


before me. 
EULEPIDOTIS SABINA Bar. 


Palindia sabina Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), vol. 5, 1875, p. 301. 


Seven specimens from French Guiana are before me. 


EULEPIDOTIS CCERULEILINEA Walker. 


Palindia ceruleilinea WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., Lep. Het., part 15, 1858, p. 1768. 
Palindia corineta FELDER and RoGENHOFER, Reise Novara, Lep., 1872, pl. 111, 
fig. 2. 
Palindia lucia Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), vol. 5, 1875, p. 300. 
A long series from the Guianas, Venezuela, Panama, Costa Rica, 


and Mexico is before me. 


EULEPIDOTIS RETICULATA Bar. 
Palindia reticulata Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), vol. 6, 1876, p. 249. 
Palindia diana MéscutEr, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 30, 1880, p. 394. 
Ten specimens from French and Dutch Guiana are before me. 


+ EULEPIDOTIS MUSTELA Druce. 
Palindia mustela Druce, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Lep. Het., vol. 2, 1889, p. 318. 
Described from Mexico. I have three from there and one from 


Panama. 
EULEPIDOTIS ADDENS Walker. 


Palindia addens WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., Lep. Het., part 15, 1858, p. 1768. 
Deseribed from Santo Domingo. I have three from Porto Rico, 
one from Santa Lucia, and one from Dominica. 


EULEPIDOTIS SUPERIOR Guené€e. 


Palindia superior GUENEE, Spec. Gen., vol. 6, 1852, p. 278. 
Palindia dewitzii M6scuier, Abh. Senck. nat. Ges., vol. 14, 1886, p. 196. 
Palindia deva Druce, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Lep. Het., vol. 1, 1889, p. 320. 

The description of superior is without locality; dewitzii is from 
Porto Rico and deva from Mexico and Panama. I have a long series 
from Mexico, Costa Rica, and Venezuela, none from the Antilles, 
though Méschler’s description leaves no doubt of the identity of 
dewitzii. The species varies considerably in shading. Generally 
the ground color is uniform, but occasionally the terminal space is 
paler and without the purple shading, and again it is markedly darker 
than the rest of the wing. 


EULEPIDOTIS ANNA, new species. 


Green; apex of abdomen fuscous; forewing green, costal edge 
brown; three lines, slender, brown, oblique, the outer curved and 
doubled; fringe brown. Hindwing brown, shading paler on costa; 
a green streak each side of submedian fold, and a semicircular green 


104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vot, 47. 


patch on outer margin. Beneath pale, with brown shadings, no 
green. Expanse, 24 mm. 

Type.—Female, Cat. No. 15703, U. S. Nat. Mus.; St. Jean, Maroni 
River, French Guiana, July, 1904 (W. Schaus). 


EULEPIDOTIS ARGENTILINEA Schaus. : 
Palindia argentilinea Scuavs, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 110. 
Only the unique type is before me. 


EULEPIDOTIS REDUCENS, new species. 


Bright grass green, costa narrowly orange-brown, with blackish dots 
toward apex; inceptions of the three lines on costa brown, with dark 
edges; lines subparallel, approximate, bent subcostally, all running 
to inner margin, the mesial and outer ones approaching each other 
a little, all the mes narrower and less intense below; a subterminal 
silvery line, narrow and cut by the veins. Fringe brown tipped. 
Hindwing whitish on costal third, with subterminal silvery line as on 
fore wing; a slight prominence in the margin at vein 3 with a black 
dot preceded by silver and a black marginal line; a small speck on 
vein 2 before margin, from which proceeds a trace of a dusky outer line. 
Beneath silky whitish, with green tint by transparency. Expanse, 
30 mm. 

Type.—Female, Cat. No. 15703, U.S. Nat. Mus.; Suapure, Venezuela, 
April, 1899 (EK. A. Klages). 

EULEPIDOTIS VIRIDISSIMA Bar. 
Palindia viridissima Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), vol. 6, 1876, p. 248. 


A series from French Guiana is before me, and one specimen from 


Venezuela. 
EULEPIDOTIS CHLORIS Bar. 


Palindia chloris Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), vol. 6, 1876, p. 249. 
Tidentify as this a single specimen from Venezuela. Probably only 
a variety of the preceding, as originally suggested by Bar. 
EULEPIDOTIS FOLIUM Schaus. 
Palindia foliuin Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 7, 1911, p. 61. 
The type and two other specimens from Costa Rica are before me. 


EULEPIDOTIS ILYRIAS Cramer. 

Phalaena Bombyx ilyrias CRAMER, Pap. Exot., vol. 1, 1779, p. 15, pl. 10, fig. E. 

Phalaena ilyraria Fasricics, Ent. Syst., vol. 3, 1792, pp. 2, 138. 

Eulepidotis illyiaria HUBNER, Verz. bek. Schmett., 1816, p. 291. 

Palindia ilyrias GUENEE, Spec. Gen., vol. 6, 1852, p. 278. 

Palindia ilyrias WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., Lep. Het., part 12, 1857, p. 859. 

Palindia ilyrias Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), vol. 6, 1876, p. 246. 

A series is before me from the Guianas and Costa Rica, showing the 

two customary varieties with a small and a large brown patch on the 
fore wing. 


No. 2046. THE GENERA PALINDIA AND DYOMYX—DYAR. 105 


EULEPIDOTIS SYLPHA Dyar. 


This will be more fully described in my fourth paper on Mexican 
Lepidoptera to be published in the present volume of the Proceedings 
of the United States National Museum. The two types are before 

me—a male from Costa Rica and female from Mexico. 


EULEPIDOTIS GLAUCOPASA Dyar. 


This also will be considered in my fourth Mexican paper. Five 
specimens are before me, all from Mexico. 


EULEPIDOTIS SCHEDOGLAUCA, new species. 


Grass green; fore wing with the costa very narrowly brown; lines 
slender, brown, straight, slightly widened and luteous filled on costa, 
converging a little in the direction of tornus; costal area of hind 
wing shaded with orange; outer margin entire, without modification 
or marginal mark; a spot of raised scales before the margin, black 
within, silver without; tornus and fringe at submedian touched with 
orange; a terminal black line, touched with silver; fringe interlined 
with green and tipped with brown. Beneath greenish, washed 
over with brown; two curved brown lines on fore wing. Expanse, 
27 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, Cat. No. 15705, U. S. Nat. Mus.; St. 
Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana, July, 1904 (W. Schaus). 

Another male from Aroa, Venezuela (Schaus collection), is a little 
larger, otherwise identical. 


EULEPIDOTIS HOLOCLERA, new species. 


Green; forewing with pale brown edge of costa linear; lines 
slender, brown, straight, without costal widening, but minute light 
dots at costa, converging a little in the direction of tornus; fringe 
green. Hindwing with large orange area at apex and costa; asmall 
red-brown incision at submedian fold, followed by a narrow terminal 
line and one minute black dot. Beneath green at the bases of both 
wings, shaded with rusty outwardly; forewing with one faint outer 
line or clouded brown area. Expanse, 32-34 mm. 

Cotypes.—One male, two females, Cat. No. 15706, U. S. Nat. Mus.; 
St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana, July, 1904 (W. Schaus). 

Though so nearly related to E. schedoglauca, the present species 
has no hair tufts on the hind tibize of the male. These tufts are 
large and conspicuous in schedoglauca. 


EULEPIDOTIS STIGMASTICTA Dyar. 


This will be more fully mentioned in my fourth Mexican paper. 
Two cotypes, both females from Mexico, are before me. 


EULEPIDOTIS CROCEIPARS, new species. 


Fore wing green; the three lines of a duller shade, slightly con- 
verging in the direction of tornus; fringe tipped with brown. Hind- 


106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 47. 


wing bright orange; a green ray on each side of submedian fold, the 
upper one spreading out on the margin and inclosing a small raised 
silvery spot with black scales on the edges; margin entire, with three 
silvery and one black dots in the green area. Abdomen green at base, 
orange on terminal half. Below green near bases of the wings, then 
orange, the apex of forewing shaded with brown. Male without tuft 
on hind tibia. Expanse, 40 mm. 

Type.—Male, Cat. No. 15707, U. S. Nat. Mus.; Rio Janeiro, Brazil 


(Schaus collection). 
EULEPIDOTIS ATALANTA Bar. 


Palindia atalanta Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), vol. 6, 1876, p. 249. 


This species is not before me, but should be readily recognizable 
from Bar’s excellent figure. 


EULEPIDOTIS ERINA, new species. 


Green; abdomen green above at the base, fuscous posteriorly. Fore 
wing mossy green; three crossbands double, brown-filled, wavy or 
subcrenulate, close and all terminating perpendicular to inner margin, 
curved on costal half; inner line angularly bent in the middle; a 
fourth wavy shaded subterminal line; a row of irregular blotches 
through cell outwardly to margin; a row of terminal white dots; 
fringe brown. Hindwing blackish fuscous; a green ray before 
submedian fold and triangular patch on margin beyond it, containing 
a blackish speck; a narrow outer curved line running near margin 
toward tornus. Beneath shaded with fuscous brown, especially 
outwardly; both wings with two curved fuscous bands. Expanse, 
27 mm. 

Type.—Female, Cat. No. 15708, U. 8S. Nat. Mus.; St. Jean, Maroni 
River, French Guiana, April, 1904 (W. Schaus). 


EULEPIDOTIS DELECTA Schaus. 
Palindia delecta Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 7, 1911, p. 59. 
The type and another specimen from Costa Rica are before me. 


EULEPIDOTIS SERPENTIFERA Brabant. 
Palindia serpentifera BRABANT, Le Nat. (2), vol. 22, 1909, p. 178. 


Four specimens from French Guiana are before me, identified by 
Mr. Schaus. 


EULEPIDOTIS EZRA Druce. 
Palindia ezra Druce, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Lep. Het., vol. 2, 1898, p. 499. 
Described from Mexico. I have five specimens from there, one from 
Costa Rica, one from Panama, and two from Venezuela. Possibly it 
is not more than racially distinct from hebe Méschler of the Antilles. 
The two are certainly very close. 
EULEPIDOTIS HEBE Mischler. 
Palindia hebe MiscuteR, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., vol. 14, 1886, p. 195. 
Eight specimens are before me from Cuba. 


No. 2046. THE GENERA PALINDIA AND DYOMYX—DYAR. 107 


EULEPIDOTIS STRIZZPUNCTA Herrich-Shiffer. 


Palindia striepuncta Herricu-Scuarrer, OCorr.-Bl., zool.-min. ver. Regensb. 
vol. 22, 1869, p. 153. 
Palindia variabilis M6scutER, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., vol. 14, 1886, p. 194. 
Palindia var. obscura M6scuuER, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., vol. 14, 1886, p. 195. 
Closely allied to hebe, apparently a degenerate offshoot from it. 
The colors are dulled and very variable, the white costal ornamen- 
tation obsolete, the markings of hind wing reduced. I have five 
specimens from Cuba. 
EULEPIDOTIS PERDUCENS Walker. 
Palindia perducens WaKeER, Cat. Brit. Mus., Lep. Het., part 15, 1858, p. 1767. 
Described from Jamaica. I have no specimens. 


EULEPIDOTIS AFFINIS Schaus. 
Palindia afinis Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 7, 1911, p. 60. 
The continental representative of the Antillean perducens. I have 
seven from Costa Rica, one from Panama, and one from Venezuela. 


EULEPIDOTIS JULIANATA Stoll. 
Phalaena Geometra julianata Stoll, Suppl. Cramer’s Pap. Exot., 40, pl. viii, fig. 4 
1791 (written juliata in index, p. 383). 
Palindia julianata GuENEE, Spec. Gen., vol. 6, 1852, p. 277. 
Palindia egala WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., Lep. Het., part 33, 1865, p. 807. 
Palindia julianata Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), vol. 6, 1876, p. 5. 
Palindia julianata Burter, Ent., 1892, p. 190. 

Unknown to Guenée, but well figured by Bar. Butler runs this 
in with juncida Guenée=aglaura Bar, wrongly, I think. He does 
not mention mabis Guenée in this connection, as he had evidently 
misidentified the name (see Dyomyx fumata Felder and Rogenhofer), 
apparently from following Walker.' Seventeen specimens are 
before me from French Guiana, one from Venezuela, and one from 
Mexico, the latter an aberration with purple shading filling in the 
basal space up to the central line. 


? 


EULEPIDOTIS JUNCIDA Guenée. 


Palindia juncida GUENEE, Spec. Gen., vol. 6, 1852, p. 277. 

Palindia mabis GUENEE, Spec. Gen., vol. 6, 1852, p. 277. 

Patindia thecloides WALKER, Cat. Brit., Mus., Lep. Het., part 12, 1857, p. 851. 
Palindia aglaura Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), vol. 6, 1876, p. 7. 

Palindia julianata, vars. juncida and aglaura ButuER, Ent., 1892, p. 190. 

This species varies in the amount of purple shading. In typical 
juncida there is none, except in the terminal space; it gradually 
increases as a general smoky suffusion of the pale parts until the 
wing is wholly and uniformly shaded (var. mabdis). Walker appar- 
ently misidentified mabis, as he describes his thecloides, which is the 
same thing, immediately after. Bar recognized the variability of 
the species, but did not recognize it as juncida Guenée, which he 


1Cat. Brit. Mus., Lep. Het., part 12, 1857, p. 850. 


108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 47. 


refers to as unknown to him. Butler also recognized the variation, 
but went a step too far by including also julianata Stoll. I have 135 
specimens before me from Brazil, the Guianas, Venezuela, Panama, 
Costa Rica, and Mexico. 
EULEPIDOTIS GEMINATA Packard. 
Palindia geminata Pacxarp, First Rep. Peabody Acad. Sci., 1869, p. 64. 
Palindia regina Druce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), vol. 4, 1889, p. 93. 

I have four specimens before me from Ecuador, Colombia, and 
Costa Rica. Dr. A. S. Packard’s type was collected by the Smith- 
sonian Expedition to South America in 1867 ‘‘on the route from 
Quito across the Andes, down the Napo River, and along the river 
Maranon.” Druce described from Ecuador. 


EULEPIDOTIS FORTISSIMA, new species. 


Shining white; abdomen dull ocher on posterior half; head and 
collar brown. Forewing with broad, dark brown band, widest on 
costa and running to tornus, contiguous on its lower half to the 
outer brown area; this is broad, bent toward base in middle, termi- 
nated by a double line, dull ocher filled below; a vague pale sub- 
marginal shade, preceded by a darker area. Hindwing yellowish, 
with a white ray on either side of submedian fold; a large black 
patch at apex; a short tail on outer margin, preceded by a black 
spot with white dash on one side and marginal white lne on the 
other, preceded by a brownish area with scattered black scales, and 
before this a very short brown line at end of outer white ray. 
Expanse, 40-44 mm. 

Cotypes.—T wo males, one female, Cat. No. 15709, U.S. Nat. Mus.; 
Rio Janeiro, Brazil (Schaus collection); Omai, British Guiana (Schaus 
collection); Juan Vinas, Costa Rica, February (W. Schaus). 

Near dominicata Guenée, but distinctly larger and the ornamenta- 
tion of the hind wing different. 

EULEPIDOTIS DOMINICATA Guenée. 
Palindia dominicata GuENEE, Spec. Gen., vol. 6, 1852, p. 276. 

Described from Brazil. I have specimens from there, the Guianas, 
Venezuela and Costa Rica. This species has been recorded from 
the United States,! but on what material is unknown to me. I 
should rather expect rectimargo or electa to occur with us, as these 
species are in my experience much more abundant than dominicata 
and extend farther north. 


EULEPIDOTIS PERSIMILIS Guenée. 
Palindia persimilis GUENEE, Spec. Gen., vol. 6, 1852, p. 276. 
I have a single specimen from Brazil, the type-locality. 


1 Bull. 44, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1893, p. 361. 


No. 2046. THE GENERA PALINDIA AND DYOMYX—DYAR. 109 


EULEPIDOTIS NICZA Druce. 
Palindia nicra Druce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), vol. 5, 1900, p. 518. 


This is unknown to me, but appears from the description close to 


the following. 
EULEPIDOTIS TELIGERA Brabant. 


Palindia teligera BRABANT, Le Nat. (2), vol. 23, 1910, p. 31. 
Palindia vivida Doantn, Het. nouv. Amer. du sud, vol. 6, 1912, p. 20. 
Brabant described from Venezuela, Dognin from Paraguay. I 
have five specimens from Venezuela agreeing perfectly with the 
descriptions of both authors. 
EULEPIDOTIS ARGYRITIS Butler. 
Eulepidotis argyritis Burter, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 29. 
Described from Brazil. I have one from Venezuela and eight 
from Mexico, one of the latter compared with Butler’s type by Mr. 


Schaus. 
EULEPIDOTIS SUPPURA Dyar. 


This will be described more fully in my fourth Mexican paper. I 

have six cotypes from Mexico and Venezuela. 
EULEPIDOTIS ELECTA Dyar.! 

This will be mentioned more in detail in my forthcoming Panama 
report. Twenty-six specimens are before me from Venezuela, 
Panama, Costa Rica, and Mexico. 

EULEPIDOTIS RECTIMARGO Guenée. 
Palindia rectimargo GUENEE, Spec. Gen., vol. 6, 1852, p. 276. 


Thirty-five specimens are before me from Brazil, Paraguay, the 

Guianas, Venezuela, Panama, Costa Rica, and Mexico. 
; EULEPIDOTIS METAMORPHA, new species. 

Very similar to rectimargo, differing principally in the direction of 
the crossband, which runs obliquely from tornus to costa at basal 
third and is joined completely to the base by the costal dash. Hind 
wing with the mark fainter, its preceding dash very distinct. Ex- 
panse, 30 mm. 

Type.—Male, Cat. No. 15110, U. S. Nat. Mus.; Matanzas, Cuba, 
November, 1902 (W. Schaus). 

EULEPIDOTIS SANTAREMA Walker. 
Palindia santarema WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., Lep. Het., part 33, 1865, p. 806. 

This species is not before me. 

EULEPIDOTIS CANDIDA Bar. 
Palindia candida Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (5), vol. 6, 1876, p. 8. 

This is not before me, but Bar’s figure leaves no room for doubt as 
to the identity of this form. 


1 Proc. U. S. Nat, Mus., vol. 47, 1914, p. 210, 


110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 47. 


EULEPIDOTIS ALBATA Felder and Rogenhofer. 


Palindia albata FELDER and RoGENHorFeER, Reise Novara, Lep., 1872, pl. 111, 
fig. 1. 


Palindia magdalensis Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (5), vol. 6, 1876, p. 434. 
Ten specimens are before me from French Guiana. 
EULEPIDOTIS OUOCCO, new species. 


Small; costo-subapical orange spot large; costa alternating orange 
and metallic blue with a white spot near the middle; sub-basal line 
with white central spot; marginal line widely expanded in the middle. 
Hind wing with costal half whitish, the rest brown with faintly indi- 
cated purplish outer half-band. Fringe white, interrupted below the 
middle by a small dark speck. Expanse, 15 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 15711, U.S. Nat. Mus.; St. Jean, Maroni River, 
French Guiana, July, 1904 (W. Schaus). 

EULEPIDOTIS GUTTATA Felder and Rogenhofer. 
Palindia guttata FELDER and RoGENHOFER, Reise Novara, Lep., 1872, pl. 111, fig. 3. 
Palindia micra Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), vol. 6, 1876, p. 433. 
Forty-three specimens are before me from French Guiana, Panama, 
Costa Rica, and Nicaragua. 
EULEPIDOTIS PERLATA Guenée. 
Palindia perlata GUENEE, Spec. Gen., vol. 6, 1852, p. 279. 
Palindia spectabilis WaLKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., Lep. Het., part 15, 1858, p. 1767. 

Forty-one specimens are before me from Brazil, French Guiana, 
Panama, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua. Very close to guttata, but 
differing in many details. The two silvery spots are not infrequently 
confluent, occasionally forming a band, which in one specimen is 
narrow, almost as in albata. 

EULEPIDOTIS DETRACTA Walker. 
Palindia detracta WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., Lep. Het., part 12, 1857, p. 847. 

Described from Brazil. I have eight from Brazil and Paraguay. 

EULEPIDOTIS TESTACEICEPS Felder and Rogenhofer. 


Palindia testaceiceps FELDER and RoGENHOFER, Reise Novara, Lep., 1872, pl. 111, 
fig. 16. 
Palindia albula Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (5), vol. 6, 1876, p. 20. 
I have nine specimens from Venezuela, Panama, and Costa Rica. 
EULEPIDOTIS ALABASTRARIA Hiibner. 

Eulepidotis alabastraria HiBNeER, Verz. bek. Schmett., 1816, p. 291. 

Eulepidotis alabastriaria HUBNER, Zutr. exot. Schmett., 1818, p. 22, figs. 311-312. 
Palindia punctangulata WaLKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., Lep. Het., part 12, 1857, p. 848. 
Palindia alabastraria ButTuER, Ent., 1892, p. 190. 

Thirty-six specimens are before me from Brazil, French Guiana, 
Venezuela, Panama, Costa Rica, and Mexico. This name was 
introduced into the North American faunal list by Hulst as a Geome- 
trid,! lately corrected by Swett.? 


1 See Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1903, p. 292, No. 3486. 2Can. Ent., vol. 29, 1907, p. 142. 


No. 2046. THE GENERA PALINDIA AND DYOMYX—DYAR. bik k 


EULEPIDOTIS PULCHELLA Bar. 
Palindia pulchella Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), vol. 6, 1876, p. 245. 
This is not before me. Butler makes it a synonym of alabastraria, 


but none of my series of that species show the little bar close to margin 
of hind wing seen in Bar’s figure, so I hold the name separate. 


EULEPIDOTIS HEMILEUCA Guenée. 
Palindia hemileuca GUENEE, Spec. Gen., vol. 6, 1852, p. 275. 


One specimen from Brazil is before me. 
EULEPIDOTIS MICROLEUCA, new species. 

As in hemileuca Guenée, except that the basal white space of fore 
wing is filled in with black and brown scales nearly down to vein1. In 
hemileuca this space is white with a black spot on costa and dot 
below. Expanse, 29 mm. 

Type.—Male, Cat. No. 15712, U.S. Nat. Mus.; Rio Janeiro, Brazil 
(Schaus collection). 

This may be an aberration of hemileuca, but my series of both 
forms is so limited that I can form no idea of the range of variation. 


EULEPIDOTIS VINCENTIATA Stoll. 


Phalena Geometra vincentiata Stout, Suppl. Cramer’s Pap. Exot., 1791, p. 39, pl. 8, 
fig. 3. 
Palindia vincentiata Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), vol. 6, 1876, p. 9. 
This is not before me. 
EULEPIDOTIS ORNATA Bar. 


Palindia ornata Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), part 6, 1876, p. 11. 


I have seen no specimens of this species. 
EULEPIDOTIS CAUDATA Herrich-Schiffer. 
Palindia caudata Herricu-ScHarrer, Exot. Schmett., 1853, fig. 136. 
Palindia caudata WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., part 12, 1857, p. 850. 
Described from Surinam. I have a single specimen from Panama. 
EULEPIDOTIS HERMURA Schaus. 


Palindia hermura Scuauvs, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 7, 1898 (June), p. 119. 
Palindia evadens Druce, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Lep. Het., vol. 2, 1898 (August), 
p. 500. 


Thirteen specimens are before me from Mexico, Costa Rica, and 


Venezuela. 
EULEPIDOTIS MODESTULA Herrich-Schiffer. 


Palindia modestula Herricu-ScHarrer, Corr.-bl. zool.-min. Ver. Regensb., 
vol. 22, 1869, p. 153. 
Palindia modestula M6scuuzR, Abh. nat. Senck. Ges., vol 14, 1886, p. 193. 


I have eight specimens from Cuba. 


112 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 47. 


EULEPIDOTIS MICCA Druce. 
Palindia micca Druce, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Lep. Het., vol. 1, 1889, p. 319. 


Eleven specimens are before me from Mexico, Costa Rica, and 
Venezuela. This is the continental form of modestula Herrich- 
Schaffer. 

UNPLACED SPECIES. 
PALINDIA PRIMULINA Druce. 
Palindia primulina Druce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), vol. 5, 1900, p. 518. 


Evidently a peculiar and characteristic species, unlike anything 
known to me. The following is Mr. Druce’s description: 

Male.—Head, antenne, collar, tegulz, thorax and abdomen pale primrose-color; the 
under side of the thorax, abdomen, and legs white. Primaries and secondaries pale 
primrose-yellow; primaries, the costal margin edged with white, three curved chrome- 
yellow bands cross the wing from the costal to the inner margin, the first two bands 
nearest the base, the third beyond the cell; the marginal line white, with minute 
black dots; the fringe chrome-yellow; secondaries with a few metallic scales near the 
anal angle, above which is a short chrome-yellow line; the under side of both wings 
pale primrose-yellow. 

Expanse, 1 inch. 

Hab.—Colombia, Valparaiso (Mus. Druce). 


PALINDIA REFLEXA Herrich-Schaffer. 


Palindia refleca Herricn-Scuarrer, Corr.-Blatt zool.-min. Ver. Regensb., vol. 22, 
1869, p. 154. 

Easily to be recognized by the very peculiar secondary sexual 
character of the male, a round, white, hairy lappet on the costa 
above. I have seen nothing at all approaching such a structure. 
The following is Herrich-Schiffer’s description: 

114) reflexa HS. 489/625. foem.—449/1047 mas.—Kleiner als corinna, Hfl auf R 3 
sehr schwach geeckt. Rostbraun, Vfl mit 2 ganz geraden, gegen den IR divergirenden 
QStreifen, von 1/3 und 2/3 des VR und weisser W der Franzen. Auf den Hfl nur ein 
weisser Schrigstreif in Z 1 a als innere Begrenzung eines rostrothen Fleckes. Beim 
kleineren Manne sind beide Streife der Vfl undeutlicher, weniger divergirend, der VR 
aber hinter der Mitte in einen grossen, halbscheibenférmigen, weissen, rothbraunge- 
wimperten Lappen nach oben umschlagen. 

Recently Mr. Schaus and the writer, in considering the identifica- 
tion of Herrich-Schiffer’s name, have concluded that it is probably not 
a Palindia at all, or even a Noctuid, but is an earlier name for Parid- 
nea holophxalis Ragonot, a Pyralid of the subfamily Chrysaugine. 


PALINDIA STRIATARIA Cramer. 


Phalxna Geometer striataria CRAMER, Pap. Exot., vol. 4, 1782, p. 125, pl. 355, fig. F. 

Palindia striata GUENEE, Spec. Gen., vol. 6, 1852, p. 278. 

Palindia striatia HerricH-ScHArrer, Corr.-Blatt zool.-min. Ver. Regens., vol. 22, 
1869, p. 153. 


Unknown to Guenée (1852), who placed it in Palindia from his- 
interpretation of Cramer’s figure. Also unknown to Walker,’ who 
follows Guenée. Herrich-Schiffer had a specimen from Cuba which 


1 Cat. Brit. Mus., Lep. Het., part 12, 1857, p. 850. 


No. 2046. THE GENERA PALINDIA AND DYOMYX—DYAR. 118 


we 2 EE ee eee 
he describes at some length. Bar, overlooking Herrich-Schaffer’s 
work, considers striataria “une Palindide bien douteuse.”1! The 
species is very strongly marked and should be easily recognizable. 


PALINDIA SCITA Walker. 
Palindia scita WaKeER, Char. undes. Lep. Het., 1869, p. 39. 

Sir George Hampson has kindly drawn my attention to this de- 
scription. It appears to represent a form quite unknown to me. 
No locality is given. 

Genus DYOMYX Guenée. 


Dyomyx GuENEE, Spec. Gen., vol. 6, 1852, p. 281. Type cimolia Guenée (first 
species); cimolia, here designated. 
Dyomix Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), vol. 6, 1876, p. 436. 


Table of the species. 

1. Hind wing with short tail on outer margin.......- Piste oe eae 8 miles ewe Bre cece ae 2 
Hind wing without tail, at most wavy or slightly angulated.............. a) 

2. Discal mark narrow, lunate; white mark on inner margin Sed bend: ie 
dounnny (ent) MnO. 58! tae era hs ratte ey ey oe ce eet ook aces TOP 3 
Discal mark wide, oval; white mark on inner margin, if present, following the 
chirda(straight)aline. 2220.2 ses eee nett wR SE a fees 4 

3. Larger, browner; median line of hind es bordered with orange; submarginal 
silver line slight............. .-------- albistriga Schaus. 
Smaller, grayer; median line of aise wing he hein bordered with orange; 
submarginal silvery line distinct: ja! Swe eek egista Bar. 

4. Larger, browner; white mark on inner margin distinct........ consequens Dyar. 
Smaller, grayer; mark on inner margin faint, yellowish........ merrickt Holland. 
Larger, grayer; no light mark on inner margin.. fumata Felder and Rogenhofer. 

5. Fore wing without eye-spot... 22.2... /.5...2.--.250.- inferior Herrich-Schiffer. 
Fore wing with round eye-spot above inner margin6.......................... 6 

Ga lreeyinien Nnesisttalent ODM GUC: ea tas os eee hy oe ee) ff 
sires lames vet Vay, OF DLO KCN i).2ae. tyes ee gc Sk cn ree ee 14 

fea wlanes relieved on a lmiornn STOUNG ! yet aoe shee ee os eae oe 8 
A solid dark shade between mid and inner lines............................ 12 

8. Fore wing with terminal dark line relieved by narrow white or yellow lines on 
each side; median line of hind wing reduced to a dash..................... 9 
Terminal dark line relieved only by faint pale shades....................... 10 

9. Fore wing uniform purplish; lines with yellow edges................ guenei Bar. 


Fore wing purple-blue on inner half; lines without yellowish edges 
megalops Guenée. 


10. Subterminal line of forewing pale, distinct throughout............... janus Bar. 
Subterminal line taint.ot obsolete..s.-Uc2..0/. 6. 5:2 Ue ae BI oe Td 

11. Mesial line of hind wing beneath even; pale line before terminal line of forewing 
ADOC COnLe Cnet renin eae nen Ava ne ae, ME AC, Gt ee A ocala Schaus. 


Mesial line of hind wing beneath crenulate; pale subterminal line not dotted... 12 
12. Ocellus large; reniform free from mesial line; inner line of hind wing parallel to 


a CREAT OU LEERY ofare tat cane oe See ene ei ee Ee eM ee egistoides Bar. 
Ocellus small; reniform contiguous to mesial line; inner line of hind wing remote 
from. outer line, curved, obsolescent,....... 2 <= -5.44.5--2+68.2-- herberta Dyar. 

13. Shade between mid and inner lines uniform in width............ jonest Schaus. 
Phisishade'cutiom above ner margin...:, 250-2 2-20-2o leas. zates Druce. 


SSS SE eS ee ee ee eee eee 
1 Ann. Soc. Ent. France (3), vol. 5, 1875, p. 290. 


34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——8 


114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47. 


14. 


15. 


16. 


iz: 


18. 


Median area with dark filling between the lines.....................--------- 15 
Median area. .wathout dark filling: 22 i. - oo cje0e oa ce ee ee ae La 
Dark area from inner to outer line and continued in a patch to outer margin 
ora Dyar. 
Dark area confined between the inner and median lines...........-..------- 16 
Hind wing olive yellow with dark brown angled area from base; marginal mark 
laree, Rilvery, with Iblaekstrice =. on. ee eran eee an eee juno Méschler. 
Hing wing brown; marginal mark slight, rather inconspicuous. . volcanica Schaus. 
Hing wing with subocellate black spots on outer margin........------------- 18 


Hind wing without such spots, all fuscous with a narrow orange terminal edge 
ancea Cramer. 


Small; hind wing with single marginal ocellus...........--.---- placida Schaus. 
Large; hind wing with three marginal black ocellate dots. .-...-- cimolia Guenée. 


DYOMYX ALBISTRiIGA Schaus. 
Palindia albistriga Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 7, 1911, p. 58. 


I have the type and two other specimens, all from Costa Rica. 


DYOMYX EGISTA Bar. 
Dyomiz egista Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), vol. 6, 1876, p. 439. 


T have six from British Guiana, Venezuela, Panama, and Costa Rica. 


DYOMYX CONSEQUENS Dyar. 


This will be more fully described in my fourth Mexican paper. 


I have five cotypes from Mexico, Panama, and Venezuela. 


DYOMYX MERRICKI Holland. 


Palindia merricki Hotuann, Ent. News, vol. 13, 1902, p. 172. 
Palindia merricki Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 14, 1912, p. 194. 


Nine specimens are before me, all from Venezuela. The species 


was described from Pennsylvania, presumably from a stray specimen. 


DYOMYX FUMATA Felder and Rogenhofer. 


Palindia fumata Fevper and Rogennorer, Reise Novara, Lep., 1872, pl. 111, 
fig. 17. 

Eulepidotis mabis BuTLER (not Guenée), Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 29. 

Palindia mabis Druce (part, not Guenée), Biol. Cent.-Amer., Lep. Het., vol. 1, 
1889, p. 317. 


This is not before me. Butler misidentified Guenée’s mahis, 


apparently by following Walker’s arrangement in the British Museum. 
Druce quoted the synonymy from Butler, though he probably had 
the true mabis before him. 


DYOMYX INFERIOR Herrich-Schaffer. 


Palindia inferior Herricu-ScuArrer, Corr. Bl., zool.-min. Ver. Regensb., vol. 22, 


1869, p. 153. 
Dyomyz lineata Druce, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Lep. Het., vol. 1, 1889, p. 320 (female). 


Seven specimens are before me from Brazil, Panama, Costa Rica, 


and Mexico. Druce figures as male and female two different species. 
I restrict the name to the female figured in the Biologia, plate 29, 
fig. 25. 


No. 2046. THE GENERA PALINDIA AND DYOMYX—DYAR. 115 


DYOMYX GUENEI Bar. 
Dyomix guenet Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), vol. 6, 1876, p. 442. 
This is not before me. Bar’s figure seems excellent. 
DYOMYX MEGALOPS Guenée. 
Dyomyx megalops GUENEE, Spec. Gen., vol. 6, 1852, p. 282. 


I have not seen specimens. Guenée’s figure is very sketchy, but 


probably recognizable. 
DYOMYX JANUS Bar. 


Dyomix janus Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), vol. 6, 1876, p. 441. 
Not known to me in nature. 


DYOMYX OCALA Schaus. 
Dyomyzx ocala Scuaus, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 7, 1911, p. 61. 


The male type is before me. Mr. Schaus had associated with it 
another specimen as the female, but I consider this specimen to belong 


to the next species. 
DYOMYX EGISTOIDES Bar. 


Dyomix egistoides Bar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), yol. 6, 1876, p. 440. 
A single female from Costa Rica is before me, agreeing well with 
Bar’s characterization. It is mentioned above under ocala. 


DYOMYX HERBERTA, new species. 
Dyomyx lineata Druce male (not female), Biol. Cent.-Amer., Lep. Het., 1889, 
pl. 29, fig. 24. 

Brown, with faint purple irridescence over whole of fore wing, 
very faint on hindwing; lines slender, straight; subbasal half line, 
to vein 1, parallel to inner line, which runs from inner fifth of costa 
to inner third of inner margin; mesial line a little broader and less 
rigid than the other, slightly bent at median vein, touching inner 
side of small black ocellus on vein 1, which has white pupil, orange 
ring and brown outer ring; reniform vague, rather narrow, lunate, 
defined by inner and outer curved lines; outer line bent above vein 7, 
lost below 2, a brown marginal line, edged on both sides by pale lines. 
Hindwing with a line across disk, running close to margin, twice 
angled but not dentate, followed by a narrow dull orange streak and 
a blue-gray powdery area, which runs upward to about vein 5; two 
distant narrow white marginal lines; a small black dot between them 
opposite the outer angle of the middle line. This spot has an orange 
edging but is scarcely ocellate. Beneath a common mesial curved 
crenulate line, the hind wing with a straight shaded are within it. 
Expanse, 43 mm. 

Cotypes—Two females, No. 15713, U. S. Nat. Mus.; St. Jean, 
Maroni River, French Guiana, April, 1904 (W. Schaus); Sixola River, 
Costa Rica, March, 1907 (W. Schaus). 


116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 47. 


DYOMYX JONESI Schaus. 
Dyomyzx jonesi Scuaus, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 6, 1898, p. 120. 
Dyomyz oblquata Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 7, 1911, p. 62. 


I have the unique types of jonesi from Brazil and obliquata from 
Costa Rica. Both are males and almost identical. 
DYOMYX ZATES Druce. 
Dyomyzx zates Druce, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Lep. Het., vol. 2, 1898, p. 500. 


Two specimens are before me from Costa Rica. 
DYOMYX ORA Dyar. 


To be more fully described in my fourth Mexican paper. I havea 
female from Mexico and another from Panama. This is not improb- 
ably an ornate variety of D. cimolia Guenée. 

DYOMYX JUNO Mischiler. 
Dyomyz juno Méscuuer, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., vol. 14, 1886, p. 197. 


This is not before me. 


DYOMYX VOLCANICA Schaus. 
Dyomyz volcanica Scuaus, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 6, 1898, p. 119. 


The type and three other Mexican specimens are before me and two 


from Costa Rica. 
DYOMYX PLACIDA Schaus. 


Dyomyx placida Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), vol. 8, 1901, p. 39. 


Six specimens are before me from Mexico, including the type. In 
one specimen the whole median space is ocherous. 


DYOMYX CIMOLIA Guenée. 
Dyomyzx cimolia GuENBE, Spec. Gen., vol. 6, 1852, p. 282. 
Dyomyx pavo WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., Lep. Het., part 15, 1858, p. 1769. 
Two specimens from Mexico are before me. 


DYOMYX ANCEA Cramer. 


Phalzna Noctua ancea CRAMER, Pap. Exot., vol. 4, 1782, p. 72, pl. 324, fig. G. 

Platyja' ancea Hisner, Verz. bek. Schmett., 1816, p. 268. 

Dyomyzx ancea GuENEE, Spec. Gen., vol. 6, 1852, p. 282. 

Dyomyzx ancea WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., Lep. Het., vol. 12, 1857, p. 854. 

Unknown to me except by Cramer’s figure. The figure is bad, but 

seems nearest to cimolia Guenée of anything before me. I have so 
few cimolia that I can not form a good idea of the extent of its varia- 
tion. 


1 The type of Platyja Hiibner must be taken to be wmminea Cramer (first species), designated by Hamp- 
son (Moths of India, vol. 2, 1894, p. 539). 


NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF AMERICAN 
BRACHYRHYNCHOUS CRABS. 


By Mary J. Ratusun, 


Assistant Curator of Marine Invertebrates, United States National Musewm. 


The forms here described belong to the group formerly known as 
the Catometopa or Grapsoidea. The type-specimens of three of the 
species are in the Museum of Comparative Zoology and were kindly 
lent for description through Dr. Walter Faxon; paratypes of the 
same as well as types of the remaining species are in the United States 
National Museum. 


FAMILY GONEPLACID. 
Subfamily CARCINOPLACIN &. 
TRIZOCARCINUS,! new genus. 


Type of the genus.— Trizocarcinus dentatus (Rathbun). 

Carapace deep, subquadrilateral, broader than long, with little dis- 
tinction of regions, convex fore and aft and from side to side. Fronto- 
orbital border about three-fourths of the greatest width of the carapace; 
antero-lateral borders arched, 
dentate. Front square-cut, 
straight, between one-third and 
one-fourth the width of the cara- 
pace, faintly notched in the mid- 
dle, deeply separated from the su- 
pra-orbital angles. Upper margin 
of orbit with two distinct notches. 
Basal segment of antenna short, 
the flagellum standing loosely in 
the orbital hiatus. The anten- 
nules fold transversely. Buccal 
cavity increasmg in width dis- 
tally, maxillipeds widely gaping, FIG. 1.—TRIZOCARCINUS DENTATUS, VENTRAL VIEW 
heir Merus-joimt with CoNncaveal- <)o cmmeannanian, x6... e. 
terior margin, the antero-external 
lobe projecting forward not outward. Efferent branchial channels well 
defined. A stridulating ridge formed of parallel striz runs obliquely 
backward from the antero-external angle of the buccal cavity; it is 
played upon by a short ridge on the merus of the chelipeds. Cheli- 


1 TocLw, to creak, to grate; Kapzwoc, crab. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 47—No. 2047. 7 


118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


peds equal, much more massive than the legs. In both sexes all seven 
abdominal segments are distinct and in the male the third segment 
covers the whole width of the sternum between the bases of the last 
pair of legs. 

This genus is closely related to Carcinoplax+ of the Indo-Pacific 
region, but differs chiefly in the form and disposition of the maxil- 
ipeds, the separation of the front from the orbit, and the presence of 
stridulating apparatus. 

TRIZOCARCINUS DENTATUS (Rathbun). 
Plate 1. 
Carcinoplax dentatus RatHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 243. 

Type-locality.— Gulf of California, lat. 29° 40’ N.; long. 112° 57’ 
W., 76 fathoms, green mud, temperature 59° F., station 3016, U.S. 
Fisheries steamer Albatross. 

Type.—Cat. No. 17462, U.S.N.M. 

Distribution.—Gulf of California, 30 to 76 fathoms, green and gray 
mud, temperature 59° to 62° F. 

The stridulating ridge on the pterygostomian region is crossed by 
about 70 fine strie. A short, complementary ridge exists on the 
lower proximal margin of the inner surface of the arm and is crossed 
obliquely by 10 or 11 striz. 


Subfamily PRIONOPLACIN A. 


CYRTOPLAX,? new genus. 


Type of the genus.—Cyrtoplax spinidentata (Benedict). 

Carapace much broader than long, convex longitudinally and 
transversely. Regions well marked. Antero-lateral margins arcu- 
ate, dentate; postero-lateral margins converging. Fronto-orbital 
width three-fifths of width of carapace. Front advanced, lobes arcu- 
ate, separated only by a furrow from the orbital margin. Eyestalks 
tapering, corner small. Basal joint of antenna rather wide, inner 
angle just touching the front; flagellum standing in the orbital hiatus. 
Buccal cavity widening distally; maxillipeds gaping, merus broader 
than long. Chelipeds stout, unequal, wrists subtriangular in dorsal 
aspect, bispinose; palms high, fingers strongly deflexed. Legs long 
and slender; dactylus of last pair upcurved. The first and third 
abdominal segments of the male do not cover the sternum; the third, 
fourth, and fifth segments are fused. 

This genus is much further removed than Lucratopsis from the - 
Xanthid genus Panopeus. The carapace is much broader than in 
Eucratopsis, the eyestalks are slenderer, the eyes smaller, and the 
base of the male abdomen wider, but the first segment does not cover 


1 Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, vol. 18, 1852, p. 164 (128). 
2 Kuptéc, convex; rxid§, anything flat and broad, carapace. 


No. 2047. AMERICAN BRACHYRHYNCHOUS CRABS—RATHBUN. 119 


the sternum; the slender, deflexed fingers of the chele, and the 
strongly upcurved dactyli of the last pair of legs also separate the 
genus from Eucratopsis. 


CYRTOPLAX SPINIDENTATA (Benedict). 


Plate 2. 
Eucratoplax spinidentata BENEpDIcT, Johns Hopkins Uniy. Circ., vol. 11, 1892, 
Deni: 
Eucratopsis spinidentata RatuBun, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 2, 
1901, p. 11. 


Type-locality Jamaica. 
Type.—Cat. No. 17219, U.S.N.M. 
Distribution—Jamaica; Porto Rico; Trinidad. 


CHASMOPHORA,!' new genus. 


Type of the genus—Chasmophora macrophthalma (Rathbun). 

Carapace very broad, subcylindrical, very convex longitudinally, 
much less so transversely; antero-lateral margin short, dentate. 
Fronto-orbital border about four-fifths 
the width of the carapace. Front sepa- 
rated from the orbital angle by a fur- 
row. Eyes stout, filling the orbit; lower 
margin of orbit with a large outer sinus. 
Basal joint of antenne not reaching the 
front, flagellum standing in the orbital 
hiatus. Buccal cavity widening anteri- 
orly, entirely filled by the outer maxil- ¥ De acetal ame a Henne oe 
lipeds; distal angle of merus of maxillipeds — yrmate, sowie marus, IN WHICH 
prominent. Right cheliped of medium Satay Gil ETS ESR 
size; left not known. Legsslender. First 
segment of abdomen of female very broad, but not covering the whole 
width of the sternum; third segment narrower. It is probable that 
in the male these segments have a similar relation to the sternum. 

Near Huryplaz Stimpson,? in which the antennal flagellum is 
widely removed from the orbit by a large process of the basal joint. 


CHASMOPHORA MACROPHTHALMA (Rathbun). 


Eucratopsis macrophthalma Ratusun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 601, 
pl. 43, figs. 3 and 4. 


Type-locality— Panama Bay, lat. 7° 56’ 00’’ N.; long. 79° 41’ 
30’’ W., 51.5 fathoms, green mud, station 2805, U. S. Fisheries 
steamer Albatross. 

Type.—Cat. No. 21591, U.'S.N.M. 


1 Xdoua, an opening; ¢gepd, an orbit. 
2 Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, 1859, p. 60. 


120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vot. 47. 


Family GRAPSIDZ. 


Subfamily GRAPSIN 4. 


PLANES MARINUS, new species. 
Plate 8. 


Type-locality.— At sea, west of Lower California, in lat. 23° 49’ N.; 
long. 127° 50’ W.; D. D. Raulet, collector. 

Type.—Male, Cat. No. 6065, Mus. Comp. Zoél. One male, 1 female, 
paratypes, Cat. No. 22833, U.S.N.M. 

Dimensions.—Male type, length 17.6 mm., width 19.3 mm., width of 
front, 10 mm. 

Carapace convex antero-posteriorly and from side to side; surface 
covered with puncte and fine reticulations; coarser striz cross the 
anterior half transversely and nearly all the branchial region ob- 
liquely. Surface of front covered with short striz and minute gran- 
ulation; free edge arcuate and faintly bilobed, each lobe appearing in 
front view slightly bilobed; edge a raised finely granulated cim; post- 
frontal lobes low. Antero-lateral margins convex, with one blunt 
tooth behind the tooth at the angle of the orbit; postero-lateral mar- 
gins nearly straight, convergent. 

Chelipeds equal, massive; upper and lower margins of arm trans- 
versely striated, inner expansion irregularly denticulated; outer sur- 
face of wrist finely striated, tooth at inner angle blunt; surface of 
palms nearly smooth, shining, punctate, upper surface rounded, cov- 
ered with finely granulated longitudinal lines which become oblique 
proximally. Fingers stout, prehensile edges narrowly gaping, den- 
tate, a larger tooth at middle of fixed finger. 

Legs short and broad; third foot one and one-half times as long as 
carapace; merus of third pair three-fifths as broad as long; dactyli 
short and stumpy, armed with coarse spines. 

Many species of Planes have been described in the past, all of 
which are referable to variations of P. minutus; but this form ap- 
pears to be distinct. It has a great resemblance to Pachygrapsus 
also, and forms a link between the two genera. 

From Planes minutus it differs in its broader carapace, somewhat 
depressed about the middle instead of uniformly convex; in the 
postero-lateral margins being nearly straight as in Pachygrapsus, not 
arcuate as in Planes minutus; in the more extensive striation of the 
dorsal surface; in the broader basal joint of the antenna; the 
broader merus-joint of the outer maxilliped, both its inner and outer 
lobes being more strongly developed; in the feebler dentation of the 
distal end of the inner expansion of the arm. 


1 Cancer minutus Linnzus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 625. 


no. 2047. AMERICAN BRACHYRHYNCHOUS CRABS—RATHBUN. 121 


Our species resembles Pachygrapsus crassipes Randall' but the 
carapace is narrower and more convex, the post-frontal lobes lower, 
the lateral tooth not acute nor prominent, the postero-lateral margins 
less convergent, dorsal strive finer and more broken, those of the 
branchial region less extensive, palm without a definite marginal line 
above, last four segments of the abdomen of the male more regularly 
triangular. 
Subfamily VARUNIN 4S. 
CYRTOGRAPSUS ALTIMANUS, new species. 


Plate 4. 


Type-locality.—San Matias Bay, Patagonia; Hassler Expedition. 

Additional locality —Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 

Type.—Male, Cat. No. 6126, M.C.Z. Two male paratypes in U. S. 
National Museum, Cat. No. 22835. 

Dimensions.—Length of carapace of type male 16.8 mm., width of 
same, 18.4 mm. 

This species while closely related to C. angulatus Dana,? which 
inhabits the same region, is much smoother and less ornate so that 
there is no likelihood of their being confused. 

The carapace is not strongly areolated though the regions are well 
defined; the gastric region lacks the beaded transverse ridge charac- 
teristic of the older species. The surface is densely covered with fine 
depressed granules and somewhat less numerous puncte; it appears 
almost smooth to the naked eye, while in angulatus the surface 
is obviously roughened with coarser granules. As to shape, the 
carapace has no sharp lateral angles, the antero-lateral margins are 
shorter than in angulatus, and the postero-lateral margins are longer 
and subparallel to each other. The antero-lateral margins have four 
teeth, including the orbital tooth, but they are small, especially the 
last two, and do not project beyond the marginal line; the intervals 
between the teeth diminish successively in length. There is no indica- 
tion of a postero-lateral tooth. 

The front is relatively wider than in angulatus and is feebly emar- 
ginate at the middle; the orbits are correspondingly smaller. 

The outer maxillipeds have much the same shape in the two 
species, but in altimanus they are shorter and wider and the gape 
narrower. 

The palms in the adult male are much higher in our species, espec- 
ially at the distal end, and the movable finger is strongly deflexed; 
the immovable finger is nearly horizontal; there is a triangular space 
between the fingers for their proximal half only. 


1 Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 8, 1839 (1840), p. 127. 
2 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 5, 1851, p. 250; Crust. U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 1, 1852, p.352; atlas, 
1855, pl. 22, fig. 6a-e. 


Tee PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vor 47. 


Legs narrower than in angulatus, second and third pairs subequal; 
propodal joint and proximal part of terminal joint of first three pairs 
fringed with hair on the posterior margin; last two joints and distal 
part of carpal joint of last pair fringed with hair on both margins. 

The abdomen of the male is narrower and more oblong than in 
angulatus, and the appendages of the first segment slenderer. 


PLATYCHIROGRAPSUS TYPICUS, new species. 
Plate 5. 
Aspidograpsus typicus Kréyer, MS., Copenhagen Museum. 


Platychirograpsus spectabilis RatuBun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 22, 1900, p. 
279 (part); not P. spectabilis de Man, 1896." 


Type-locality—Macuspana River, Montecristo, Tabasco, Mexico; 
140 miles from the sea, altitude over 100 feet; collected by E. W. 


renege 4 OLne 
car Oe 


pe S ae) Re 
o "e 
. : di: } 
ee Nar ole aha sa 
one AN Olney te 


- ae: 


Fig. 3.—PLATYCHIROGRAPSUS TYPICUS. ad. OUTER SIDE OF LARGE CHELA OF MALE IN 
HALIFAX MUSEUM, NAT. SIZE. b. UPPER VIEW OF SAME, NAT. SIZE. C. OUTER SIDE 
OF LARGE CHELA OF SMALL MALE FROM MEXxIco, Cat. No. 19863, X 14. 


Nelson and E. A. Goldman, Biological Survey, U. 8. Department of 
Agriculture; 1 male. 

Additional localities—Mexico; received from the exhibit by Mexico 
at the World’s Columbian Exposition; 1 male. Gulf of Mexico; 
1 male (Copenhagen Mus.). One large claw from an unknown 
locality (Halifax Mus.). 

Type.—Cat. No. 23761, U.S.N.M. 

Dimensions.—Male type, median length of carapace 42.5 mm., 
width 51mm. Male from Mexican exhibit, length 27.2 mm., width 


1 Zool. Anz., 1896, No. 506, p. 292, text fig.; Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst., vol. 12, 1896, p. 97, pl. 2, figs. 
4, 4a, 4b, 4d; pl. 3, fig. 4c. 


no. 2047. AMERICAN BRACHYRHYNCHOUS CRABS—RATHBUN. 123 


32.5 mm. As 4 specimens from different localities in Mexico agree 
in presenting certain characters which separate this form from the 
African P. spectabilis de Man, it seems best to consider it as a distinct 
species. 

The fourth tooth of the lateral margin is farther back than in 
spectabilis and the postero-lateral margins behind this point are less 
convergent and more nearly parallel. 

The margin of the front is more distinctly 4-lobed and the median 
sinus is larger and more U-shaped. 

The dorsal surface of the carpus is not oblong but of nearly the 
same length and width. 

The merus and carpus joints of the ambulatory legs are narrower 
and their sides more nearly parallel. 


Subfamily SHSARMIN 4. 
SESARMA (SESARMA) VERLEYI, new species. 


Plate 6. 


Type-locality— Jamaica: Mulgrave (a small village in the Cockpit 
country near Ipswich, St. Elizabeth); 1 female collected by Miss 
Verley and received through Mr. P. W. Jarvis. 

Type.—Cat. No. 24940, U.S.N.M. 

Dimensions —Female type, length of carapace 20 mm., width 
22.8 mm., fronto-orbital width 16.5 mm., width of front 9.1 mm. 

Carapace strongly narrowed anteriorly, convex fore and aft, regions 
and suprafrontal lobes fairly well marked; of the latter the outer pair 
are narrower than the inner pair and their anterior margin more 
strongly marked. Anterior part of carapace granulated, postero- 
lateral area finely striated. 

The lower margin of the front forms two prominent lobes in dorsal 
view. ‘The sides are oblique and the angles rounded off. 

Upper margin of orbit directed outward and forward, outer angle 
broad and obtuse, the margin between it and the lateral tooth con- 
vex. This tooth is subrectangular with thickened tip. 

Chelipeds of female narrow. Outer surface of arm and wrist 
crossed by short lines of granules, upper and outer margins rough 
with short oblique and parallel lines of granules, inner margin irregu- 
larly spinulous. Palms longer than wide, sparingly covered with 
depressed granules, more numerous above and toward the carpus, 
where they are arranged somewhat in rows. Fingers as long as the 
middle length of the palm, prehensile edges irregularly toothed except 
the distal third, which has a straight horny edge, tips curved toward 
each other. 

Legs unusually long; the third leg is three and one-fifth times as 
long as the carapace, its merus is four times as long as wide. The 


124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 47. 


legs (as well as the carapace) are nearly naked, only the margins of 
the last two joints (proximal end of the propodus excepted) bordered 
with short hairs with a few longer ones intermingled. The carpus 
has two prominent lines of granules on the upper surface, the posterior 
of which is continued somewhat obliquely on the next joint near its 
margin. 

SESARMA (SESARMA) JARVISI, new species. 


Plate 7. 


Type-locality— Jamaica: Mount Diablo, St. Ann’s; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 24941, US.N.M. 

Dimensions.—Type male, length of carapace 10.7 mm., greatest 
width 12.7 mm., anterior width 10.7 mm., width of front 5.2 mm. 

Carapace narrowed anteriorly, considerably flattened; regions 
and suprafrontal lobes well marked, outer pair of lobes very narrow. 
Surface irregularly punctate and sparingly covered with tubercles, 
each of which bears the stumps of a tuft of hair. The oblique ridges 
usually found on the branchial regions are few and are broken into 
short irregular lines. Lateral tooth blunt. 

The front diminishes in width below, the lower margin is convex in 
front view and bilobed in dorsal view. 

Chelipeds not much enlarged. The outer surface of arm and wrist 
are finely rugulose, margins of arm finely granulate or denticulate 
and not prominent. The chele are elongate (the specimen is perhaps 
not full grown); manus rough with a few scabrous granules outside, 
upper margin a sharp crenulated ridge. Fingers irregularly toothed 
within, nearly meeting; upper surface of dactylus finely spinulous, 
almost to the tip. 

Legs very slender, surface rough, sparingly hairy, spine of merus 
acuminate. Third leg about two and one-half times as long as cara- 
pace, its merus a little over three times as long as wide. 


SESARMA (HOLOMETOPUS) TAMPICENSE, new species. 


Plate 8. 


Type-locality—Tampico, Mexico; Dr. Edward Palmer; June 1, 
1910. ‘“‘Lives in the soft mud of the river banks”; 4 males. 

Type.—Cat. No. 45794, U.S.N.M. 

Dimensions.—Type male, length 16.1 mm., greatest width (at base 
of second leg) 17.3 mm., width between outer angles of orbit 17.2 mm., 
width of front 9.4 mm., height of front measured from middle lobes 
2 mm., extreme length of propodus of cheliped 13.7 mm., height of 
palm 8.4 mm., length of propodal finger along prehensile edge 6 mm., 
length of dactylus along upper margin 8.5 mm., length of propodus 
of third leg 11.8 mm., greatest width of same 4.2 mm. 


no. 2047. AMERICAN BRACHYRHYNCHOUS CRABS—RATHBUN. 125 


Carapace perceptibly wider than long, of nearly even width 
throughout, though widening slightly behind. Surface coarsely 
punctate at the middle, finely punctate on the branchial and intestinal 
regions, the puncte more or less connected by fine grooves; surface 
of frontal region and antero-lateral angles finely granulate; postero- 
lateral grooves fine. 

Supra-frontal lobes deeply separated, the median groove larger 
than the lateral grooves; middle pair of lobes transversely arcuate; 
outer pair narrower, oblique, trending forward toward the orbit. 
Front relatively broad and low, about 5 times as wide as high, sides 
vertical, lower margin arcuate in front view, sinuous in dorsal view, 
surface concave in both directions. Upper margin of orbit nearly 
straight, up to the short, acute tooth at the outer 
angle of the orbit. 

Merusof cheliped covered with granulated ruge 
on its outer face; lower outer margin with a well- 
marked subdistal tooth; tooth on upper margin 
nearly obsolete; inner margin denticulate, dis- 
tally expanded and bearing a largetooth. Upper 
surface of carpus similar to outer surface of 
merus. Palm massive in the full-grown male, 
as high as its horizontal length, lower margin 
arcuate, upper margin marked by interrupted 
lines of granules; outer surface covered with fine, 
depressed granules, inner surface with much larger 
granules on the more elevated portion. Fingers 
rather long and slender, for the genus, gaping in 
the male except at the tip; prehensile edges den- 
tate, with 2 or3 teeth enlarged on each finger. 

Legs of moderate length, the third pair about 9: 4—S#sarma (Hoxo- 

E ae METOPUS) TAMPICENSE, 
twice as long as the carapace; merus joints  venrrat view oF LEFT 
about two and three-fourths times as long as AYFENDAGE op amen Ay 
wide, converging slightly from the middle to the stars, x10. 
distal end. 

Side margins of male abdomen sinuous. Appendages of first seg- 
ment widened behind the tips, which are transverse. 

Allied to S. cinereuwm (Bosc)! and S. miersii Rathbun? It differs 
from both in the front having parallel sides instead of widening 
below, in the fingers gaping, in the male appendages transversely, 
instead of obliquely, cut at the tip. From S. cinereum it differs 
also in its narrower carapace, without scattered tufts of hair, longer 
fingers, and narrower male abdomen; from S. miersii in the relatively 
smooth palms, those of miersiz being coarsely granulate. 


1 Grapsus cinereus Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1802 (an X), p. 204, pl. 5, fig. 1. 
2 Sesarma ( Holometopus) miersii Rathbun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 91. 


126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 47. 


Family OCYPODIDZ. 
Subfamily OCYPODIN ™. 
UCA MONILIFERA,! new species. 
Plate 9. 
Eurychelus monilifer L. Acassiz, MS. label. 


Type-locality—_Guaymas, Mexico; Capt. C. P. Stone, U. S. N., 
collector, 1859. 

Type.—Male, Cat. No. 1578, M. C.Z.; 1 male paratype in U.S. 
National Museum, Cat. No. 22180. 

Dimensions.—Length of carapace of type male 28.7 mm., width at 
antero-lateral angles 45.4 mm. 

This is the Pacific representative of the well-known fiddler crab 
with narrow front and broad fingers, Uca maracoan. (Latreille)?, 
which is distributed on the Atlantic coast of South America from 
Cayenne to Rio de Janeiro. 

U. monilifera is considerably larger than maracoani, as the carapace 
of a large specimen of the latter measures 22X34 mm. There is no 
‘raised or granulated line bounding the dorsal plane on either side, 
but the dorsal rounds smoothly into the lateral surface. As in 
maracoani the anterior margin of the carapace or superior margin of 
the orbit is transversely sinuous, forming a triangular tooth at the 
antero-lateral angles, and the front between the eyes is extremely 
narrow and spatuliform, its median furrow lmear and not reaching 
the broadest part of the spatula. 

The lower margin of the orbit is deeply crenated or turreted 
throughout. 

The large cheliped of the male is much smoother than in the Atlan- 
tic form. The inner border of the arm has a large laminar expansion 
directed upward, edge arcuate, denticulate. The wrist is more 
elongate than in maracoani. The tubercles of the palm are few and 
indistinct. Fingers quite smooth except at the margins and at the 
base of the dactylus, where there are a few depressed tubercles. On 
the immovable finger there is, as in maracoant, a raised line just above 
the lower margin and continued backward on the palm; there is, 
however, no broad lobe or tooth on the proximal half of the prehensile 
edge. The movable finger has a different shape from that of the 
allied species; while the upper margin is a regular and moderate 
curve, the prehensile edge is concave for its basal three-eighths, then 
straight to near the tip, forming a small tooth at the meeting of the 
two lines; this brings the widest part of the finger just proximal to its 
middle. In maracoani, the widest part of the finger is near its distal 


1I have adopted the specific name used by Prof. Louis Agassiz on a Museum label, but hitherto 
unpublished. 

2 Ocypode maracoani Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 6, 1803 (an XT), p. 46. 

Gelasimus Maracoani Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, vol. 18, 1852, p. 144 [108], pl. 3, figs. 1-10. 


no. 2047. AMERICAN BRACHYRHYNCHOUS CRABS—RATHBUN. 17 


third, and the whole of the distal half is much wider than in the new 
species. The spiniform finger tips are not strongly bent in monilifera. 
The ambulatory legs are almost bare except the dactyli. 
The chief difference in the form of the male abdomen of the two 
species lies in the penultimate segment: in monilifera it is less than 
twice as wide as it is long; in maracoani just twice as wide as long. 


UCA MUSICA, new species. 
Plate 10. 


Gelasimus gibbosus STREETS (not Smith), Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 7, 1877, 
p. 118. 

Uca stenodactyla ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 10, 1897, p. 356 (part). 

Uca stenodactylus RatuBun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 603 (not 


synonymy). 
Type-locality——Pichilinque Bay, Gulf of California, U. S. Fish- 
eries steamer Albatross, 1888; 1 male. 
Type.—Cat. No. 22081, U.S.N.M. 
Distribution—From San Diego, California, to Mazatlan, Mexico; 
occasionally farther north. San Diego (Ortmann); San Bartolomé 


Fig. 5.—Uca MUSICA. a. LOWER VIEW OF LARGE (LEFT) CHELA OF MALE 
TYPE, SHOWING STRIDULATING RIDGE, X 34. 6. ANTERIOR (LOWER) VIEW 
OF PORTION OF FIRST LEFT AMBULATORY LEG OF MALE TYPE, SHOWING 
GRANULES WHICH PLAY AGAINST STRIDULATING RIDGE, X 3}. 


Bay, Lower California (Lockington) ; La Paz (Streets), specimens in 
United States National Museum; Guaymas Bay, William Palmer, 
collector; Mazatlan, C. H. Gilbert, collector; Seattle, Washington, 
D’Arcy W. Thompson, collector, photographs of large chela in United 
States National Museum; Vancouver Island, B. C., photographs 
received from C. F. Newcombe. 

Dimensions.—Type male; length of carapace 8 mm.; width 12.9 
mm. 

Very like Uca stenodactylus (Milne Edwards and Lucas),' which 
ranges from Salvador, Central America, to Valparaiso. Differs as 


1Gelasimus stenodactylus Milne Edwards and Lucas, Voy. dans l’Amér. Mérid. par @’Orbigny, vol. 6, 
1844, Crust., p. 26; vol. 9 (atlas), 1847, pl. 11, fig. 2. 


128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


follows: The upper margin of the orbit is much less oblique. The 
lateral angle of the carapace, marking its greatest width, is farther 
back. The granules of the palm are of more uniform size. The 
palm is scarcely depressed near the immovable finger. The dac- 
tylus is more strongly arched. The transverse ridge across the inner 
surface of the palm is very prominent, is bent at an obtuse and 
rounded angle and is armed for nearly its whole length with a row 
of large tubercles. Near the proximal lower corner of the inner sur- 
face there is a longitudinally oblique stridulating ridge extending 
from the articulation with the carpus to the lower marginal line of 
the palm almost below the angle of the transverse ridge. The strid- 
ulating ridge is made up of closely placed parallel lines oblique to 
the axis of the ridge and subparallel to the lower margin of the 
palm. When the cheliped is flexed the ridge plays against a line of 
granules on the lower or anterior surface of the first ambulatory leg; 
this line extends nearly the whole length of the carpal segment and 
part way along the merus. The third to sixth abdominal segments 
of the male are more completely fused. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
PLATE 1. 


Trizocarcinus dentatus, male type, X 2 


Fie. 1. Antero-ventral‘view. 
. Dorsal view. 
3. Posterior view. 


bo 


PLATE 2. 
Cyrtoplax spinidentata, male type, X 1}. 


Fic. 1. Antero-ventral view. 
. Dorsal view. 
3. Posterior view. 


bo 


PLATE 3. 
Planes marinus, male type, X 2. 


Fia. 1. Antero-ventral*view. 
. Dorsal view. 
3. Ventral view. 


bo 


PLATE 4. 
Cyrtograpsus altimanus, X 2. 


Fic. 1. Ventral view of male type. 
. Dorsal view of male type. 
3. Antero-ventral view of male paratype. 


bo 


PuaTeE 5. 


Platychirograpsus typicus, dorsal view of male type, nat. size. 


no. 2047. AMERICAN BRACHYRHYNCHOUS CRABS—RATHBUN. 129 


Fic. 


Fic. 


Fig. 


Hie. 


Fic. 


whe bo bo i) 


Hm cb re 


PLATE 6. 


Sesarma (Sesarma) verleyi, female type, X 14. 


. Ventral view. 
. Dorsal view. 
. Anterior view. 


PLATE 7. 


Sesarma (Sesarma) jarvisi, male type, X 2 


. Anterior view. 
. Dorsal view. 
. Ventral view. 


PLATE 8. 


Sesarma (Holometopus) tampicense, male type, X 2. 


. Anterior view. 
. Dorsal view. 
. Ventral view. 


PLATE 9. 


Uca monilifera, male type, nat. size. 


. Anterior view. 
. Dorsal view. 
. Ventral view. 


Prats 10. 


Uca musica, male type, X 2. 


. Antero-ventral view, showing outside of large chela. 

. Antero-dorsal view, showing top of large chela. 

. Dorsal view. 

. Postero-ventral view, showing under side of large chela with stridulating ridge. 


34843 °—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——9 


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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 1 


New AMERICAN BRACHYRHYNCHOUS CRABS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 128, 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 2 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


NeW AMERICAN BRACHYRHYNCHOUS CRABS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 128. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 3 


NEW AMERICAN BRACHYRHYNCHOUS CRABS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 128. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 4 


New AMERICAN BRACHYRHYNCHOUS CRABS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 128, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 5 


NEw AMERICAN BRACHYRHYNCHOUS CRABS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 128, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 6 


New AMERICAN BRACHYRHYNCHOUS CRABS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 129. 


YU. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 7 


New AMERICAN BRACHYRHYNCHOUS CRABS. 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 129. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 8 


NEw AMERICAN BRACHYRHYNCHOUS CRABS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 129, 


> 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 9 


New AMERICAN BRACHYRHYNCHOUS CRABS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 129. 


, 


ou 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 10 


New AMERICAN BRACHYRHYNCHOUS CRABS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 129. 


' 
- 


HYMENOPTERA, SUPERFAMILIES APOIDEA AND CHAL- 
CIDOIDEA, OF THE YALE DOMINICAN EXPEDITION OF 
1913. 


By J. C. CRAwForD, 


Associate Curator, Division of Insects, United States National Museum. 


The material here listed came, unless otherwise stated, from the 
island of Dominica and was collected during June and July, 1913, by 
Mr. H. W. Foote. As almost nothing has been recorded in the Hy- 
menoptera from this island, the collection is of especial interest. 


Superfamily APOIDEA. 
MELIPONA VARIEGATIPES Griboda. 
Eight workers of this form were taken. 
CENTRIS LANIPES Fabricius. 
One female from Guadaloupe. 
CENTRIS VERSICOLOR Fabricius. 
Six females and three males. 
ANTHOPHORA FOOTEI, new species. 


Male.—Length about 10 mm. Similar to A. krugi but the clypeus 
above with two large dark spots, the pubescence of the face yellowish 
with black intermingled; the dorsum and upper half of pleure with 
fulvous pubescence, with a few black hairs intermingled; femora with 
white hairs; tibiee exteriorly with fulvous pubescence; sixth abdomi- 
nal segment with a broad ivory colored band; pubescence on last 
segment fulvous. 

Female.—Length about 11 mm. Similar to the male but the face 
entirely dark, tibial scopa outwardly fulvous, inward black. 

Habitat.—Island of Dominica. 

Described from two males and one female. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16731, U.S.N.M. 

This species is named in honor of Mr. H. W. Foote. 


EXOMALOPSIS SIMILIS Cresson. 
Eleven females. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 47—No. 2048. 
131 


12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


MELISSODES INSULARIS, new species. 


Male.—Length about 9 mm. Black with the legs reddish-honey 
color; clypeus and labrum yellow, mandibles dark, with a medial 
reddish-testaceous band; antenne as long as body, beneath reddish, 
except basal 3 joints; labrum covered with light yellowish hairs, 
clypeus and most of rest of face below antenne with brown hair; 
above antenne the hair ochraceous, on vertex brown; hair of thorax 
ochraceous, with a distinct reddish tinge at each side of anterior 
margin of mesoscutum; disk of mesoscutum and scutellum with black 
hair; wings slightly fumated; pubescence of legs reddish-ochraceous, 
on posterior tibie above, brown; abdomen brown, the apical margins 
of the segments reddish; first segment basally with ochraceous pubes- 
cence; second segment with a narrow basal band of appressed very 
light ochraceous pubescence; third segment with a similar broad 
discal band; fourth and fifth segments with similar narrower bands, 
just basad of the depressed apical margins of segments; rest of 
pubescence on dorsum of abdomen black; apical segment subtruncate 
and with a lateral tooth on each side near base. 

Habitat.—Island of Dominica, West Indies. 

Described from one specimen. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16732, U.S.N.M. ° 

M. cajennensis which has similarly colored legs has the mandibles 
yellow at base and no dark hairs on the dorsum of the mesonotum. 
The specimens recorded from the West Indies, as this species, are 
probably M. rufodentata Smith, which, however, may be a synonym 
of cajennensis. 

MELISSA IMPERIALIS Ashmead. 


Three females and eight males. 


XYLOCOPA BRASILIANORUM Linnzus. 
One female. 
MEGACHILE FLAVITARSATA Smith. 
One male. 
MEGACHILE MULTIDENS Fox. 


One female and one male. The latter smaller than the typical 
specimens and with the median pair of teeth on the apex of the 
abdomen longer and narrower. ‘This species appears to be close to 
M. concinna Smith, which I have not seen. It differs in the female 
from the description of that species only in being smaller and having 
the ventral scopa on the penultimate segment black only at extreme 
sides. 

MEGACHILE ELONGATA Smith. 

Two males which differ slightly in the last segment but otherwise 
agree perfectly. They are, in this one character, slightly different 
from another male in the collection of the United States National 


No. 2048. HYMENOPTERA FROM DOMINICA—CRAWFORD. 133 


Museum from Santo Domingo. As all three agree except for the 
slight difference of this one character, it would appear that in this 
species the amount of indentation of the last dorsal segment and the 
exact formation of the two teeth formed thereby isnot constant. All 
three specimens are smaller than the measurements given by Smith, 
being only 10-12 mm. 
MEGACHILE BINOTATA Guerin. 
Two females. 
COELIOXYS ABDOMINALIS Guerin. 


Two females and one male. 
HALICTUS, species. 
One male which could not be specifically named. 


HALICTUS PUNCTIFRONS, new species. 


Female.—Length about 6 mm. Head and thorax dark dull 
green, with sparse brown hairs; abdomen brown; facial quadrangle 
longer than broad, the clypeus produced, apically brown; supra- 
clypeal area elongate running up to insertion of antenne; head and 
thorax with exceedingly fine crowded punctures; dorsum of propo- 
deum covered with shallow irregular thimble-like sculpture, at 
extreme sides with three or four weak rugule; tegule dark brown; 
stigma and veins very dark brown; legs brown, tarsi more reddish, 
hind inner spurs with about four long teeth; scopa on femora light 
yellow, on tibize darker, on outer faces of tibiz more brown; abdomen 
strongly transversely lineolate. 

Habitat —Island of Dominica. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16733, U.S.N.M. 

This species resembles H. auratus Ashmead, which has a similarly 
shaped head, but that species has the head and thorax green and the 
dorsum of propodeum rugulose all over, etc. 


AUGOCHLORA IGNIFERA, new species. 


Female.—Length 7-8 mm. Brilliant fiery red; clypeus at sides 
and the anterior margin narrowly greenish; mandibles at base with a 
green spot; clypeus elevated and produced; clypeus and supraclypeal 
area smooth, with large, sparse punctures; sides of face closely 
punctured, above insertion of antenne the punctures becoming finer 
and crowded; antennez beneath obscurely reddish; rear of head with 
a carina separating post-vertex from posterior plane of head; meso- 
scutum with punctures about as on vertex but anteriorly toward 
sides the sculpture somewhat more rugose; scutellum with the 
puncture finer and not crowded, metanotum with only a few setig- 
erous punctures toward apex; propodeum with the dorsal face sepa- 
rated from the sides and posterior face by being angulated; the dorsal 


134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


face with sparse somewhat diverging rugule; tegule brown; wings 
somewhat infuscated; second submarginal cell slightly more than 
half as long as third, as long as the first transverse cubital vein; 
third submarginal narrowed about one-half toward marginal; mar- 
ginal cell minutely truncate at apex; legs dark brown, the coxe 
concolorous with the body; tarsi apically more reddish; scopa on 
femora very light ochraceous, on tibiz and tarsi more yellow, hind 
inner spur minutely denticulate; abdomen almost impunctate except 
for insertions of hair, which are coarser on the first segment; apical 
margins of segments very narrowly black; base of first segment with 
long yellow pubescence, rest of abdomen with very thin dark pubes- 
cence; venter dark brown; tooth on first ventral segment very poorly 
developed and more like a strongly elevated carina. 

Male—Length about 7 mm. Similar to the female but with more 
coppery and greenish reflections; punctures of the mesoscutum and 
scutellum not so close as in female and somewhat coarser; metanotum 
covered with fine punctures; tegule and legs aeneous, the legs basad 
becoming more greenish; venter green basally and coppery apically, 
with broad apical margins of segments brown, the first segment 
medially carinate on apical half. 

Habitat —Island of Dominica. 

Described from 13 females and 4 males. 

- Type.—Cat. No. 16734, U.S.N.M. 

In Vachal’s table! runs to couplet 35 but does not agree with 
either alternate. 

Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA. 


SPILOCHALCIS FEMORATUS Fabricius. 


One female and five males. 


1 Mise. Ent., vol. 19, 1911, pp. 14 and following. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 11 


1. ENOPHRYS TAURINUS, NEW SPECIES. 


2. ORTHONOPIAS TRIACIS STARKS AND MANN. 


COTTOID FISHES FROM MONTEREY BAY, CALIFORNIA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 135 AND 136. 


TWO COTTOID FISHES FROM MONTEREY BAY, 
CALIFORNIA. 


By Cuarves H. GiLpert, 


Of Stanford University, California. 


The two Cottoid fishes here noted are new to Monterey Bay and 
one of them represents an undescribed species. The material was 
collected and donated by Mr. Frederick Woodworth, and was taken 
with a small boat dredge in shallow water near the shore. 


ENOPHRYS TAURINUS, new species. 


Plate 11, fig. 1. 


Type.—A specimen 64 mm. long, dredged in shallow water in 
Monterey Bay, near Pacific Grove, California. Cat. No. 75064, 
U.S.N.M. 

Measurements in hundredths of length without caudal fin: Length 
of head, 48; greatest depth of body, 31; least depth of caudal peduncle, 
6.5; length of snout, 12.5; diameter of eye, 14; interorbital width, 7; 
length of maxillary, 17.5; length of preopercular spine, 21; length of 
occipito-nuchal ridge, 18; length of opercular ridge, 11; length of 
pectoral fin, 30; length of ventral fin, 19. 

Most closely related to EH. claviger, with which it agrees in the high 
compressed snout and the small mouth, in the presence of a band 
of fine prickles above the lateral line, and in the absence of the 
lengthwise median plate between the nuchal ridges, which is present 
in F. bison. It differs from EF. claviger in the shorter, more robust 
preopercular spine, and from both claviger and bison in the reduced 
number of rays in the dorsal and anal fins. Ten specimens of £. 
bison from Puget Sound have the fin rays as follows: 


Dorsal spines. | Dorsal rays. Anal rays. 
VIil IX 11 12 8 9 
Specimenseseecee-aceen assess 8 2 6 4 3 7 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 47—No. 2049. 
135 


136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


In FE. claviger, the fin rays are still more numerous, 5 specimens 
from Bering Sea examined by us having the dorsal VIII-14, and the 
anal with 11 or 12 rays. In both type and cotype of E. taurinus, 
the dorsal rays are VII-9, the anal rays 7. 

The orbital region is compressed and high, strongly arched above 
the occipital and the nasal regions. Interorbital space concave, the 
occipital region more deeply so. Anterior profile nearly vertical. 
Mouth small, the maxillary reaching vertical from front of pupil. 
Kye large, its diameter about twice the interorbital width, equaling 
the length of the snout. Nasal spines strong in the type, the nasal 
bones sculptured. Preorbital with two strongly protruding spinous 
processes in the young type, these little marked in the adult cotype. 
Upper preopercular spine robust, reaching well beyond the opercular 
margin; the usual three strong spines below it. Opercular ridge very 
high, rough-granular. All exposed bones of head finely granular. 
A single short filament at tip of maxillary, the cotype with a papilla 
or undeveloped filament anteriorly at its base. Teeth fine, in broad 
bands in the jaws, a narrow band on the vomer, the palatines naked. 
A short slit behind the fourth gill-arch. Isthmus very wide, equaling 
the distance separating the two pectoral fins. 

Plates of the lateral line higher than long, those anteriorly with a 
sharp lengthwise crest, which becomes rounded in the posterior 
scutes. The lateral line opens principally in a single minute pore 
above each plate and a similar one below it, but occasionally more than 
one such pore is present, especially in the anterior part of body. 
The space between the lateral line and the base of the dorsal is covered 
with fine prickles, more evident in the young than in adults. The 
anus is but little in advance of the first anal ray, not reached by the 
tips of the ventral fins. 

Upper parts olive or olive-brown, marbled or mottled with lighter, 
and with scattered small blackish brown spots. Under parts light, 
a white streak below middle of sides sending irregular incursions into 
the darker area above, this more noticeable in the adult specimen. 
A double dark bar below the soft dorsal, one encircling caudal pe- 
duncle below, a dark blotch at base of lower caudal rays. Pectoral 
with a dusky basal area which intensifies posteriorly to form a brown 
bar on middle of fin; beyond that a broad white bar, the terminal 
area of fin with a second narrow brown bar or with small brown spots. 
In the cotype, the entire lower side of head is dusky. 

In addition to the type, a specimen 160 mm. long, here designated 
a cotype, is in the collection of Stanford University, from Albatross 
station 2893, in the Santa Barbara Channel, southern California, 
depth 145 fathoms. The dorsal spines of this specimen have been 
injured, but can be counted without possibility of error, and the other 
fins are intact. 


’ 


no. 2049. TWO COTTOID FISHES FROM CALIFORNIA—GILBERT. 137 


ORTHONOPIAS TRIACIS Starks and Mann. 
Plate 11, fig. 2. 


Orthonopias triacis SrarKs and Mann, Univ. of Cal. Pub. Zool., vol. 8, 1911, p. 11, 
fies: 


This species has been known heretofore only from the type-speci- 
men, taken in shallow water on Cortez Banks, near San Diego. A 
second specimen is here recorded from Monterey Bay, where it was 
taken by a dredge at a depth of a few fathoms only. 


DiMEXS16eeAS 12-SP215: V.c53. 


Lateral line with a series of 38 scales, the upper and the posterior 
margins of which are wholly free and are throughout very finely 
toothed. In Astrolytes, only a part of the posterior margin is exposed 
and this is faintly or not at all toothed. In Azyrias, both margins 
are exposed and are serrulate, though less so than in Orthonopias. 
Azyrias and Astrolytes are not very well separated, for while Axyrias 
has typically a simply furcate preopercular spine, occasional exam- 
ples develop a third tooth, as is always the case in Astrolytes. If 
this character is disregarded, there is nothing essential to distinguish 
the two genera. Orthonopias is also very closely related, but may 
claim a certain distinction in the location of the anus, which is placed 
well forward near the base of the ventral fins, while in the other two 
genera mentioned it is almost immediately in advance of the first 
anal ray. 

The longest oblique series of scales in the dorso-lateral band contains 
14 scales, while several others contain 13. A very narrow naked 
strip intervenes between this band and the base of the second dorsal, 
and even this is partly filled with small spinous scales lying at the 
base of the dorsal rays, one or two to each ray. 

The cirri are somewhat differently disposed than in the type. The 
four forming a line on top of head behind each eye are present, but 
the one behind eye is lacking. There is one on each nasal spine, 
and one or two on each of the three lower preopercular spines. The 
two on tip of maxillary are as described, and two are present closely 
apposed on posterior opercular angle. There is one on shoulder, 
behind the opercular angle, and several others scattered along the 
length of the lateral line. 

This species was set aside as new prior to its publication by Starks 
and Mann, and the figure then prepared is here reproduced. The 
first two dorsal spines are here represented as much shorter than 
those which follow. As this was apparently not true of the type, it 
may in this specimen be due to injury, although the fin has not that 
appearance. 


REPORT ON THE LEPIDOPTERA OF THE SMITHSONIAN 
BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE. 


By Harrison G. Dyar, 
Custodian of Lepidoptera, United States National Museum. 


The present paper deals with the so-called Macrolepidoptera col- 
lected in Panama under the auspices of the Smithsonian Biological 
Survey, in the Canal Zone and from localities outside of it. 

Most of the specimens here treated were collected by Mr. August 
Busck, who went primarily to collect ‘‘Micros”’ and took the ‘‘Macros”’ 
only as a side issue. Consequently the larger ‘‘Macros,” especially 
the Papilionoidea and the larger moths will be found poorly repre- 
sentsd in this list. The little ‘‘Macros,” especially the small Noc- 
tuide, Lithosiide, and Pyralids, will be found unusually well repre- 
sented, many hitherto undiscovered species bemg among them. 

There are reported on here 8,254 specimens in 1,713 species. Some 
additional material, which proved impracticable to incorporate, will 
raise the total number of specimens in the collection to about 9,000, 
but will not increase the number of species greatly. 


Superfamily PAPILIONOIDEA. 
Family PAPILIONIDA. 


PALILIO THOAS NEACLES Rothschild and Jordan. 

2. 1 Cabima,” May, 1911 (Busck); Ancon, Canal Zone (O. Celestine). 
PAPILIO ERITHALION Boisduval. 

9. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, May, 1911 
(Busck); Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 
PAPILIO POLYDAMAS Linnzus. 

1. Ancon, Canal Zone (O. Celestine). 
PAPILIO XANTICLES Bates. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


PAPILIO ILUS Fabricius. 
1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
1 The number preceding the localities indicates the number of specimens of the species before me. 
2 The locality Panama is to be understood in each instance. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 47—No. 2050. 
139 


140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 47, 


Family PIERID. 
PIERIS MARGARITA Hiibner. 
1. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 
PIERIS MONUSTE Linneus. 

2. Panama City, January, 1913 (B. G. Ireneo.) 
PIERIS PANDROSIA Hewitson. 

9. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 
(Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck). 

PIERIS KICAHA Reakitt. 

1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 

PIERIS JOSEPHA Godman and Salvin. 
2. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
PIERIS MELENEKA Hewitson. 

3. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 
1911 (Busck); Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck). 

The three specimens are females and all differently marked. 
CALLIDRYAS EUBULE Linnezus. 

5. Ancon, Canal Zone (O. Celestine); La Chorrera, April, 1912 
(Busck); Panama City, May, 1912 (B. G. Ireneo). 

CALLIDRYAS PHILEA Linnzus. 

2. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
PHOEBIS ARGANTE Fabricius. 

7. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, June, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad 
River, June, 1912 (Busck). 

PHOEBIS AGARITHE Boisduval. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
APHRISSA STATIRA Cramer. 

5. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 
RHABDODRYAS TRITE Linneus. 

1. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 

DISMORPHIA DISCREPANS Butler. 
2. Trinidad River, March, 1911 (Busck). 
TERIAS NEDA Godart. 

1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck). 
TERIAS TENELLA Boisduval. 

2. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
TERIAS ALBULA Cramer. 

7. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 
(Busck); Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 

TERIAS CEPIO Butler. 

15. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, 
February, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Porto 
Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 


+ 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 141 


TERIAS ELATHEA Cramer. 


1. Ancon, Canal Zone (O. Celestine). 


TERIAS PERSISTENS Butler. 
1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


Family NYMPHALID. 


Subfamily NYMPHALIN 4, 


METAMORPHA DIDO Linneus. 

1. Trinidad River, May, 1911 (Busck). 
COLAENIS JULIA Fabricius. 

10. Porto Bello, February, 1911, April, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad 
River, March, 1912 (Busck). 

COLAENIS PHARUSA Linneus. 

10. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
March, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, May, 1911 (Busck); Ancon, 
Canal Zone (O. Celestine). 

AGRAULIS VANILL& Linnzus. 

1. Ancon, Canal Zone (O. Celestine). 
EUPTOIETA HEGESIA Cramer. 

2. Ancon, Canal Zone (O. Celestine); Panama City, June, 1912 
(B. G. Ireneo). 

SYNCHLOE LACINIA Geyer. 

2. Ancon, Canal Zone (O. Celestine); Penonome, Province of Cocle, 
February, 1913 (B. G. Ireneo). 

SYNCHLOE HYPERIA Fabricius. 

6. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 

ERESIA CLARA Bates. 

3. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck). 
ERESIA OFELLA Hewitson. 

1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 

ERESIA DRYPATIS Godman and Salvin. 

2. Trinidad River, March and June, 1912 (Busck). 
PHYCIODES LEUCODESMA Felder. 

_ 8. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 
1911 (Busck); Ancon, Canal Zone (O. Celestine). 
PHYCIODES FRAGILIS Bates. 

4, Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 
1911 (Busck). 

PHYCIODES PTOLYCA Bates. 

4. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island. 
February, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 


142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


PHYCIODES TULCIS Bates. 

6. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 
1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, May, 1911 (Busck); Panama City, 
February, 1913 (B. G. Ireneo). 

JUNONIA CENIA Hiibner. 

1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
ANARTIA JATROPH Linnzus. 

9. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
April, 1912 (Busck); Panama City, September, 1912 (B. G. Ireneo). 
ANARTIA FATIMA Fabricius. 

11. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
April, 1912 (Buseck) ; Ancon, Canal Zone (O. Celestine) ; Panama City, 
September, 1912 (B. G. Ireneo); Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

EUNICA MODESTA Bates. 

1. Porto Bello, April, 1911 (Busck). 
NICA CANTHARA Doubleday. 

5. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, 
June, 1911 (Busck) ; aban River, March, 1912 Gren 
EPICALIA NYCTIMUS Westwood. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 


EUBAGIS SALPENSA Felder. 

2. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck). 
EUBAGIS POSTVERTA Cramer. 

4. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
EUBAGIS PIERIDOIDES Felder. 

aR Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 
1912 (Busck). 
GYNZCIA DIRCE Linneus. 

2. Panama City, September, 1912 (B.G. Ireneo); Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck). 
CALLIZONA ACESTE Linneus. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
PERIDROMIA FERONIA Linneus. 

2. Paraiso, Canal Zone, June, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck). 
PERIDROMIA FERENTINA Godart. 

2. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Ancon, Canal Zone (O. Celes- 
tine). 
TIMESTES CHIRON Fabricius. 

1. Alhajuelo, May, 1911 (Busck). 
PYRRHOGYRA CRAMERI Aurivillius. 

1. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 


ADELPHA URRACA Felder. 
1. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 143 


ADELPHA CYTHEREA Linnaeus. 

4. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, March 
and June, 1912 (Busck). 
ADELPHA IPHICLA Linnzus. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 


Subfamily SATY RIN. 


PIERELLA LUNA Fabricius. 

1. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck). 

ANTIRRHEA MILTIADES Fabricius. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
EUPTYCHIA OCIRRHOE Fabricius. 

2. Porto Bello, February, 1911, April, 1912 (Busck). 
EUPTYCHIA MOLLINA Hiibner. 

5. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
March, 1911, April, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
EUPTYCHIA CONFUSA Staudinger. 

1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck). 

EUPTYCHIA EBUSA Cramer. 

1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck). 
EUPTYCHIA LIBYE Linneus. 

4, Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 
1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 

EUPTYCHIA MARISEA, new species. 

Dark brown; fore wing with a black spot centrally above vein 1 
surrounding a longitudinal tuft of hair; no markings. Beneath light 
lilacine gray; both wings with two broad straight central rusty brown 
bands as in libye Linneeus; a double narrow marginal line and broad 
wavy submarginal one. Fore wing with a small subapical ocellus, 
followed below by a brown band. Hind wing with five ocelli, second 
and fifth from apex large. Expanse, 31 mm. 

Type.—Male No. 15752, U.S.N.M.; Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
EUPTYCHIA PHARES Godart. 

5. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Cabima,, May, 1911 
(Busck). 

EUPTYCHIA CAMERTA Cramer. 

20. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck); Alha- 
juelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

TAYGETIS KEREA Butler. 

1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
TAYGETIS ANDROMETA Cramer. 

8. Taboga Island, January, 1911, February, 1912 (Busck); Porto 
Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 


144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


Subfamily BRASSOLIN AL. 
ERYPHANIS AUTOMEDON Cramer. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
CALIGO EURYLOCHUS Cramer. 

1. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck). 
CALIGO OILEUS HYPOSCHESIS, new subspecies. 

Differs from oileus Felder in the basal two-thirds of fore wing being 
washed with pale ocherous. Spots at apices of fore wing nearly 
obsolete. Hind wing strongly touched with white on margin. Ex- 
panse, 97 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, No. 15753, U.S.N.M.; Paraiso, Canal Zone, 
February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, May, 1911 (Busck). 

The specimens are small. The variety scamander Boisduval has 
an ocherous band beyond cell, but in this the color is evenly diffused 
nearly to base. 

BRASSOLIS ISTHMIA Bates. 

4. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Tabernilla, Canal 
Zone, May, 1907 (Busck); also pupe, Ancon, Canal Zone (H. F. 
Schultz); adults, larva and pupa from cocoanut trees, Panama City, 
April, 1913 (B. G. Ireneo). 

OPSIPHANES INVIRZ Hiibner. 
1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck). 


OPSIPHANES CASSIE Linneus. 
1. Ancon, Canal Zone (O. Celestine). 


Subfamily MORPHIN 4. 
MORPHO PELEIDES Kollar. 

15. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 
1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck). 

MORPHO AMATHONTE Deyrolle. 
2. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck): Alhajuelo, April, 1911, 


(Busck). 
Subfamily DANAIN At. 


DANAIS PLEXIPPUS Linnzus. 
1. Ancon, Canal Zone (O. Celestine). 
DANAIS GILIPPUS Cramer. 
1. Ancon, Canal Zone (O. Celestine). 
DANAIS BERENICE Cramer. 
1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, June, 1911 (Busck). 
LYCOREA CLEOBZA Godart. 
1. Chiriqui, September, 1912 (B. G. Ireneo). 
TITHOREA HIPPOTHOUS Godman and Salvin. 
1. Porto Bello, February, 1912 (Busck). 
MELINGA IDZ Felder. 
5. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck) ; 
Trinidad River, May, 1911, June, 1912 (Busck); Ancon, Canal Zone 
(B. G. Ireneo). 


————ee 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 145 


AERIA AGNA Godman and Salvin. 

4. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck). 

MECHANITIS MACRINUS Hewitson. 

2. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 
-(Busck). 

MECHANITIS ISTHMIA Bates. 

9. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
February, 1911 (Busck); Trmidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); 
Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Ancon, Canal Zone (O. Celestine); Pan- 
ama City (B. G. Ireneo). 

SCADA XANTHINA Bates. 
1. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 


CERATINIA MEGALOPOLIS Felder. 
1. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck). 


CERATINIA LEUCANIA Bates. 
3. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck); Panama City (B. G. 
Ireneo). 


CERATINIA CLEIS Bates. 

3. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, Feb- 
ruary, 1911 (Busck); Ancon, Canal Zone (B. G. Ireneo). 
DIRCENNA EUCHYTMA Felder. 

2. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 
1911 (Busck). 
EPITHOMIA CALLIPERO Bates. 

6. Trinidad River, March, 1912, May, 1911 (Busck); Tabernilla, 
Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck). 
CALLOLERIA TUTIA Hewitson. 

2. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
June, 1912 (Busck). 
LEUCOTHYRIS PAULA Weymer. 

2. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). 
HYPOLERIA LIBERA Godman and Salvin. 


1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 


Subfamily HM LICONIN 4. 
HELICONIUS JUCUNDUS Bates. 

6. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, May, 1911( Busck); 
Trinidad River, March, 1912, May, 1911, June, 1912 (Busck). 
HELICONIUS ALBUCILLA Bates. 

4. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, March, 1911 
(Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

HELICONIUS ISMENIUS Latreille. 
1. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck). 
34843 °—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——10 


a 


146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47, i 


HELICONIUS CHARITHONIA Linneus. 

2. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Ancon, Canal Zone (O. Celes- 

tine). 
HELICONIUS CLAUDIA Godman and Salvin. 

1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck). 
HELICONIUS PETIVERANUS Doubleday. 

42. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Buseck); Cabima, May, 1911 Bracke 
Arajan, May, 1911 (Busck) ; Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck); 
Paraiso, Canal Zone, June, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck); Panama City (B. G. Ireneo). 

HELICONIUS MELPOMENE Linnzus. 

16. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, June, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, 
June, 1911 (Busck); Panama City (B. G. Ireneo). 

HELICONIUS CHIONEUS Bates. 


1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck) 


HELICONIUS ZULEIKA Hewitson. 
1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
HELICONIUS MAGDALENA Bates. 
11. Trinidad River, March, 1912, May, 1911, and June, 1912 
(Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
HELICONIUS ERATO Linnzus. 
2. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Cakima, May, 1911 
(Busck). 
EUEIDES ZORCAON Reakirt. 
5. Paraiso, Canal Zone, May, 1911 (Busck). 
EUEIDES ALIPHERA Godart. 


1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
Family RIODINIDZ. 


EURYBIA LYCISCA Doubleday and Hewitson. 
1. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 
EURYBIA UNXIA Godman and Salvin. 
4. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, 
February, 1911 (Busck). 
EURYBIA HALIMEDE Hubner. 


2. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 


DIORHINA PERIANDER Cramer. 
1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 ey 
ERYCINA INCA Staudinger. 


1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 


MESOSEMIA TELEGONE Boisduval. 
9. Taboga Island, February and June, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad 
River, March, 1912 (Busck). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 147 


MESOSEMIA MOLINA Godman and Salvin. 
3. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
March, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 


MESOSEMIA ASA Hewitson. 
2. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck). 


CHIMASTRUM ARGENTEUM Bates. 
1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 


OTACUSTESIS, new genus. 


Venation essentially as in Cartea Kirby,’ but vein 5 arising from 
upper fourth of cross vem and 10 arising shortly beyond end of cell 
instead of from the same point as 6, 6 therefore well beyond 10. 
Palpi short, not visible from above. 

Type of the genus—Otacustesis pericopidis, new species. 

OTACUSTESIS PERICOPIDIS, new species. 

Fore wing black; a row of four white-hyaline elongate spots across 
the apex between veins 3 to 7; a subhyalime streak in lower half of 
cell, one above vein 2 and two in submedian interspace, all faintly 
washed with violaceous. Hind wing reddish orange with black 
border, strongly indented on the veins. Body black; orbits, collar, 
palpi, and anal tuft orange; abdomen washed with whitish on the 
sides and venter. 

Type.—wNo. 15754, U.S.N.M., Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 
(Busck). 

MESENE RUBELLA Bates. 

1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck). 
BAEOTIS ZONATA Felder. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1911 (Busck). 
PEROPHTHALMA TENERA Westwood. 

3. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck). 
CHARIS AVIUS Cramer. 

2. Porto Bello, February and March, 1911 (Busck). 
CHARIS HERMODORA Felder. 

14. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 
(Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1911 
(Busck); Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, 
June, 1911 (Busck). 

CHARIS GYNAEA Godart. 

5. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
March, 1912 (Busck); Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 

SAROTA CHRYSUS Cramer. 

3. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Paraiso, Canai Zone, 
February, 1911 (Busck). 


1 See Stichel, Gen. Ins., Lep. Rhop., Riodinide, 1910, pl. 10, fig. 39, p. 157. 


148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 47. 


ANTEROS FORMOSUS Cramer. 

1. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 
EMESIS FASTIDIOSA Ménétries. 

2. Taboga Island, February, 1912, and June, 1911 (Busck). 
METACHARIS VICTRIX Hewitson. 


5. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck) ; Trinidad River, March, 
1912 (Busck) ; Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
LEMONIAS LEUCIANUS Hiibner. 

14. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck) ; Peace Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck). 
LEMONIAS CILISSA Hewitson. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
LEMONIAS PELARGE Godman. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
THISBE IRENAEA Cramer. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
NYMPHIDIUM ADELPHINUM Godman and Salvin. 

1, Chiriqui, September, 1912 (B. G. Ireneo). 
NYMPHIDIUM MANTUS Cramer. 

2. Trinidad River, March and April, 1912 (Busck). 
NYMPHIDIUM LAMIS Cramer. 

1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
NYMPHIDIUM ASCOLIA Hewitson. 

2. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck) ; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
NYMPHIDIUM MOLPE Hiner. 

2. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck) ; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 
ARICORIS JANSONI Butler. 

3. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck) ; Trinidad River, March and 
June, 1912 (Busck). 
HAMEARIS EROSTRATUS Doubleday and Hewitson. 

1. Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 
HAMEARIS DOMINA Bates. 

3. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Taboga Island, June, 1911 
(Busck). 
THEOPE VIRGILIUS Fabricius 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
THEOPE FOLIORUM Bates. 

2. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck). 


Family LYCAENIDA. 
THECLA DAMO Druce. 
1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 


THECLA HEMON Cramer. 


1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 149 


THECLA AUFIDENA Hewitson. 

3. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 
1911 (Busck) ; Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 

THECLA PHALEROS Linnaeus. 

3. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
THECLA TOGARNA Hewitson. 

12, Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
February, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); 
Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
THECLA DOLYLAS Cramer. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

THECLA PALEGON Cramer. 
1. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 
THECLA ERICUSA Hewitson. 

1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck). 
THECLA CYDRARA Hewitson. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
THECLA ECHION Linnaeus. 

3. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
THECLA HESPERITIS Butler and Druce. 

3. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck) ; Porto Bello, April, 1912 
(Busck) ; Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 

THECLA BEON Cramer. 

19. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 
1911 (Busck) Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck) ; Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 
1912 (Busck). 

THECLA TREBULA Hewitson. 

5. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 
(Busck). 

THECLA CERATA Hewitson. 

9. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 
(Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Tabernilla, Canal Zone, 
May, 1907 (Busck). 

THECLA SYNCELLUS Cramer. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
THECLA POLITUS H. H. Druce. 

1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 

THECLA XENETA Hewiison. 

3. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, March, 
1911 (Busck) ; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

THECLA TAREMA Hewitson. 

1. Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck). 
THECLA ELIMES, new species. 

Male.—Costa of fore wing angled above base; black, light blue at 
base, sharply limited, two-thirds of cell, small area above base of 


150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


vein 2 to inner margin before tornus. Hind wing all blue except 
costal area just encroaching on cell, then above vein 6 at margin. 
A long slender tail at vein 2, short one at 3. Below soft light gray. 
Fore wing with large area of rough scales covered by costal expan- 
sion of hind wing. An outer broken white line from subcostal to 2. 
Hind wing with outer line white, broken into spots, a large one above 
vein 7 edged within by black, forming a dentate line at 1b and 2; 
submarginal line parallel to the edge, blackish, powdery, in white 
irrorations, distinct near inner margin; a red spot with black center 
in interspace 2-3; black powderings on white in 1b-2. Expanse, 
33-35 mm, 

Cotypes.—Two males, No. 15756, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 
1912 (Busck). 

Apparently near ecameda Hewitson and sicheus Cramer. 

THECLA BURICA, new species. 

Male.—Bright blue; fore wing with large stigma in cell black, apex 
broadly black. Hind wing with a narrow black margin, becoming 
broad on inner margin. Long slender tail at vein 2. Beneath gray 
bronzy; fore wing with dark area in cell by transparency; outer line 
faint, white, dark-edged from subcoastal to 2. Hind wing with outer 
line irregular, segmented, forming a W at veins 1b to 3, white, edged 
by black within; black and white powderings submarginally from 
tornus to 3, no red; edge black, preceded by whitish. Expanse, 25 
mm. 

Type-—Male, No. 15757, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Buseck). 

Apparently near to leberna Hewitson. 

THECLA CLIMICLES, new species. 

Male.—F¥ ore wing with costa angled opposite cell; bright blue, 
shading to black at costa and margin. Hind wing blue, costa black 
to subcostal and 6 and margin narrowly; fringe white. A long tail 
at vein 2, short one at 3. Below white, scarcely gray tinted; fore 
wing with faint dusky outer line to vein 2. Hind wing with outer 
line angularly crenulate, faint, forming no W; submarginal line faint 
dusky, crenulate; a small red-edged black dot in interspace 2-3 and 
dot at tornus. Expanse, 25 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15758, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, February, 1912 
(Busck). 

Resembles dindymus Cramer. 

| THECLA POSETTA, new species. 

Fore wing angled opposite base of cell; black, shaded with lilacine 
blue over base to beyond middle. Hind wing blue shaded, except 
along margin; red scales and white dot at tornus. Below brownish 
gray; fore wing with the outer broad rusty brown band from costa 
to vein 2, running close beyond cell. Hind wing with similar broad 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 151 


band forming the inner edge of a white line that becomes a blunt 
W at veins 1b to 3, the dark edge of the inner limb narrow; submar- 
ginal line dusky, parallel to edge of wing; a red spot with black center 
in interspace 2-3; black patch on tornus preceded by white, then a 
red bar. Expanse, 27 mm. 

Type-—Male, No. 15759, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello ,April, 1912 
(Busck). 

Resembles ecbatania Hewitson. 

THECLA CALLIDES, new species. 

Brown-gray; fore wing uniform; hind wing slightly whitish bordered 
toward margin with red patch in interspace 2-3 and tornus and 
black one between; termen with white interlined with black. A long 
tail at vein 2, short one at 3, black, white-tipped. Below gray, 
slightly coppery; fore wing with white segmented outer line from 
costa to vein 2, preceded by a red border; subterminal line dusky, 
segmented. Hind wing with white outer line segmented, dislocated 
on vein 4, forming a W from 3 to margin, preceded by a rather broad 
red band; submarginal line dusky, forming an arc over a large red 
spot in interspace 2-3, red-edged next to tornus; black pupil in red 
spot placed outwardly; a black spot at tornus; black powdering 
between. Terminal line black, preceded by whitish. Expanse, 21 
mm. 

Cotypes—Two females, No. 15760, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, April, 
1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 

Resembles sangala Hewitson. Possibly it is the female of zeneta 
Hewitson. 

THECLA HERALDICA, new species. 

Black; fore wing with blue tint at base; hind wing with large 
shining blue area occupying all but broad costal and inner areas and 
narrow outer margin. Tail at vein 2 filiform. Below gray, lighter 
on marginal area; fore wing with outer line from costa to vein 1, in- 
angled in submedian, white, reddish gray within. Hind wing with 
a similar line, dislocated on vein 4, forming a shallow W between 
vein 3 and margin, with more red scales in the dark edge than on 
fore wing; a red spot with black center in interspace 2-3; red at 
_ tornus; terminal line black, preceded by white. Expanse, 20 mm. 

Type.—No. 15761, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 

Resembles hycara Hewitson. 

THECLA MESCA, new species. 

Grayish black. Hind wing with red crescent before a black spot 
in interspace 2-3, preceded and followed by clouded white crescents; 
a small red patch at tornus; terminal line black, preceded by white. 
Below whitish gray. Fore wing with outer line from costa to vein 2, 
white, preceded by gray; submarginal line clouded, segmented, dusky. 
Hind wing with mesial line white, preceded by reddish gray, seg- 


152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


mented and dislocated by all the veins, the W slight, hardly more 
than the other dislocations, the bar 1b-margin black; termen broadly 
mottled, gray with a row of white crescents before and centrally; a 
large red patch in interspace 2-3 with black spot outwardly; tornus 
diffusedly red-scaled over black dot. Expanse, 27 mm. 

Type.—No. 15762, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 

Resembles bebrycia Hewitson and chonida Hewitson. 
LYCAENA HANNO Stoll. 

10. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck); 
Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1911 (Busck). 


Family HESPERIID. 


PYRRHOPYGE PHIDIAS Linneus. 

1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck). 
MYSORIA VENEZUELZ Cramer. 

2. Ancon, Canal Zone (O. Celestine, B. G. Ireneo). 
EUDAMUS PROTEUS Linnzus. 


1. Ancon, Canal Zone (B. G. Ireneo). 
EUDAMUS SIMPLICIUS Stoll. 

1. Ancon, Canal Zone (O. Celestine). 
EUDAMUS EURYCLES Hiibner. 

4, Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 
(Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 
EUDAMUS DORYSSUS Drury. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
EUDAMUS DORANTES Stoll. 

1. Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 
EUDAMUS CATILLUS Cramer. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 


EUDAMUS ASINE Hewitson. 
1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck). 


- GONIURUS COELUS Cramer. 


1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
GONIURUS TALUS Cramer. 

1. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Buscky. 
SPATHILEPIA CLONIUS Cramer. 

2. Paraiso, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Buseck). 
TELEMIADES AMPHION Geyer. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
BUNGALOTIS SEBRUS Felder. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
CECROPTERUS NEIS Gmelin. 

6. Taboga Island, February and June, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
February, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 153 


COGIA CALCHAS Herrich-Schiffer. : 
2. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Taboga Island, June, 
1911 (Busck). 
The specimens are both males and very small (30 mm.). 
HYDRAENOMIA ORCINUS Felder. 
1. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck). 
HYALOTHYRUS NELEUS Linneus. 
1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
LIGNYOSTOLA LACYDUS Druce. 
1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck). 


PYTHONIDES CERIALIS Cramer. 
1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 


- PELLICIA THYESTES Godman and Salvin. 


2. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck). 


(CELAENORRHINUS VARIEGATUS Godman and Salvin. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
ACHYLODES COELIGINEA Mabille. 

2. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck). 

ACHYLODES PLAUTIA Mischler. 
1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
ACHYLODES TERRENS Schaus. 

5. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
SOSTRATA SCINTILLANS Mabille. 

1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 

SOSTRATA LEUCORHOA Godman and Salvin. 

1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck). 
PACHES LOXUS Westwood. 

5. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, February, 1911 and April, 
1912 (Busck). 

PACHES SUBALBATUS Pitz. 
1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck). 
EANTIS THRASO Hiibner. 
1. Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 
CAMPTOPLEURA THERAMENES Moabille. 
1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
CAMPTOPLEURA TISIAS Godman and Salvin. 
1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
STAPHYLUS MAZANS Reakitt. 
2. Taboga Island, February, 1912, and June, 1911 (Busck). 


STAPHYLUS EVIPPE Godman and Salvin. 
1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 


HELIOPETES ARSALTE Linneus. 
4, Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 
1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 


154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


HELIOPETES ALANA Reakirt. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
HESPERIA SYRICHTUS Fabricius. 

3. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 
1911 (Busck). 
HESPERIA NOTATA Blanchard. 

2. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 
(Busck). 
APAUSTUS MENES Cramer. 


1. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck). 


HYLEPHILA PHYLAEUS Drury. 


1. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 
THYMELICUS ATHENION Hiibner. : 

8. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, March, 1911 and April, 1912 
(Busck). ; 


CATIA PUSTULA Hiibner. 

1. La Chonera, April, 1912 (Busck). 
PRENES NERO Fabricius. 

1. Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 
PARAIDES OCRINUS Piitz. 

2. Paraiso, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck). 
OXYNTHES CORUSCIS Herrich-Schiffer. 

1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
RHINTHON ALUS Godman and Salvin. 

1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
LERODEA TRIPUNCTATA Herrich-Schiffer. 

1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
COBALUS VIRBIUS Cramer. 

3. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
COBALUS CANNAE Herrich-Schiiffer. 

1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck). 
ONOPHAS COLUMBARIA Herrich-Schiffer. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
PERIMELES REMUS Fabricius. 

8. Taboga Island, February and April, 1912, June, 1911 (Busck). 
EUTYCHIDE MIDIA Hewitson. 

1. Trinidad River, 1912 (Busck). 
EUTYCHIDE PHAETUSA Hewitson. 

1. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 
EUROTO LYDE Godman and Salvin. 

2. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911. 
(Busck). 


EUROTO MICYTHUS Godman and Salvin. 
1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 155 


LEREMA ACCIUS Smith and Abbot. 
1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
‘METISCUS ATHEAS Godman and Salvin. 
1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
THARGELLA FULIGINOSA Godman and Salvin. 
1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck). 
MNASITHIUS SIMPLICISSIMUS Herrich-Schiffer. 
3. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck); Porte Bello, March, 1911 (Busck). 
VEHILIUS VENOSUS Piitz. 
7. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck). 
MEGISTIAS LABDACUS Godman and Saivin. 
1. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck). 
MEGISTIAS CERDO Boisduval. 
1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
CARYSTUS FANTASOS Cramer. ; 
2. Taboga Island, February and June, 1911 (Busck). 
PARACARYSTUS HYPARGYRA Herrich-Schéffer. 
1. Porto Bello, April 1912 (Busck). 
CALLIMORMUS JUVENTUS Scudder. 
1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck). 
CALLIMORMUS GRACILIS Felder. 
3. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
March and June, 1912 (Busck). 


THRACIDES AROMA Hewitson. 
1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 


TAGIADES SERGESTUS Cramer. 


1. Ancon, Canal Zone (B. G. Ireneo). 
Superfamily SPHINGOIDEA. 
Family SPHINGID. 


HERSE CINGULATA Fabricius. 
3. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 


COCYTIUS CLUENTIUS Cramer. 
1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck). 
COCYTIUS ANTAEUS MEDOR Cramer. 
2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 
PROTOPARCE HANNIBAL Cramer. 
2. Cabima, May, 1911 Busck). 
PROTOPARCE LEFEBUREI Ménétries. 
1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


ERINNYIS ALOPE Merian. 
1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 


156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


ERINNYIS ELLO Linneus. 

14. Paraiso Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
February, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

ERINNYIS NOTRUS Stoll. 

3. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck). 

PACHYLIA FICUS Linneus. 

1. Trinidad River, May, 1911 (Busck). 
PACHYLIA DIRCETA Druce. 

1. Porto Belli, April, 1912 (Busck). 
PACHYLIA RESUMENS Walker. : 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
ENYO JAPIX Cramer. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

ALEURON NEGLECTUM Rothschild. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

EPISTOR LUGUBRIS Linneus. : 

3. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, 
January, 1911 (Buseck). 

EPISTOR OCYPETE Linnaeus. 

2. Paraiso, Canal Zone, May, 1911 (Busck). 
SESIA FADUS Cramer. 

2. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Ancon, Canal 
Zone (B. G. Ireneo). 

SESIA TITAN Cramer. 

2. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, 
April, 1911 (Buseck). 

PHOLUS LICAON Cramer. 

3. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

PHOLUS VITIS Merian. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
PHOLUS EACUS Cramer. 

1. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck). 
XYLOPHANES PLUTO Fabricius. 

5. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); - 
Paraiso, Canal Zone, May, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, June, 
1911 (Busck). 

XYLOPHANES PISTACINA Boisduval. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
XYLOPHANES NEACHUS Cramer. 

1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck). 
XYLOPHANES LIBYA Druce. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. Lay 


XYLOPHANES TERSA Linneus. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, May, 1911 
(Buseck). 
XYLOPHANES TITANA Druce. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, May, 1911 
(Busck). 
XYLOPHANES TURBATA Edwards. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


Superfamily SATURNOIDEA. 
Family SATURNIID. 


ROTHSCHILDIA LEBEAUI Guerin. 
1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


DIRPHIA EUMEDIDE Stoll. 
1. Trinidad River, May, 1911 (Busck). 


DIRPHIA AGIS Cramer. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
DIRPHIA HIRCIA Cramer. 

1. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 
DIRPHIA SPECIOSA Cramer. 

14. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, 
May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1911 (Busck). 

MOLIPPA SABINA Walker. 

2. Paraiso, Canal Zone, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck). 

DYSDZMONIA TAMERLAN Maassen. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
AUTOMERIS JANUS Cramer. 

1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, May, 1911 (Busck). 
AUTOMERIS CINCTISTRIGA Felder. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

AUTOMERIS JUNONIA Walker. 

3. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, 
February, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
AUTOMERIS MERIDANA Schaus. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

GAMELIA NAUSICAA Cramer. 

3. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); 
Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 

GAMELIA IRMINA Cramer. 

3. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

HYLESIA SCHAUSI Dyar. 
1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 


158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSHUM. vou. 47. 


HYLESIA INVIDIOSA, new species. 

Soft gray; discal mark a dark cloud; lines pale, indistinct, con- 
verging toward inner margin; marginal space pale on lower half. 
Hind wing with a single pale band, nearly straight, situated just be- 
yond the end of the cell. Abdomen with ocherous hair, especially 
dorsally. Expanse, 32-34 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, No. 15764, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, Feb- 
ruary, 1912 (Busck). 

Comes nearest to athlia Dyar, but smaller, the fore wing not rounded 
at apex; markings less distinct, the line on hind wing straighter and 
even nearer the cell. 

HYLESIA CRESSIDA Dyar (?). 

4. Taboga Island, February and June, 1912 (Busck). 

The specimens are more rosy than alinda before me from Costa 
Rica and the fore wing less faleate, agreeing with cressida; but all 
the specimens are males, and without a female can not be placed with 
certainty. 

HYLESIA sp. A. 

11. Taboga Island, January, 1911 (Busck); Tabernilla, Canal Zone, 
May, 1907 (A. H. Jennings). 

This form lies near pollex Dyar, wmbrata Schaus, and valvex Dyar, 
without agreeing entirely with either. The specimens are all in poor 
condition, so that a positive identification is unsafe. Mr. Busck sent 
up two distinct species of Hylesia larve, but made no association of 
them with adults.’ 

HYLESIA sp. B. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

Two females, close to schausi Dyar, but less coarse in appearance, 
less distinctly marked; the discal spots are more distinct than the 
bands. There are in the collection three other females of the same 
character, one from Chiriqui, one from Guapiles, Costa Rica, and one 
from Sixola River, Costa Rica. The Costa Rican females were ten- 


1 Since writing the above, I have received a bred female in good condition from Dr. S. T. Darling, together 
with preserved larve, the latter conspicuously different from either of the larve sent by Mr. Busck. Doctor 
Darling found the larve on a Cashew tree (SEES IESE) and bred the adults. The form may be named 
Hylesia darlingi, new species. 

Closest to H. poller Dyar from Venezuela; markings less bright and contrasted in the male; both sexes 
with the costa concolorous with the paler part of the wing, not with a strong dark shade as in pollez; discal 
spots of both wings clouded and more obscure than in poller; abdomen of female without the paler ocherous 
posterior lateral tufts, the hairs concolorous with the rest of the lateral ones. 

Type.—Female, No. 16038, U.S.N.M.; Ancon, Canal Zone, April, 1913 (S. T. Darling). 

Larva.—Head rounded, about as W ide as high, smooth, cherry-red, the tips of the mandibles and a spot 
on each side of labrum black. Body robust, cylindrical, tapering a little anteriorly; whitish, with black 
angular marks and spots; dorsal line forming a series of dashes intersegmentally and little specks in the 
centers of the segments; two joined subdorsal and lateral blotches in segmental incisures, a ring around sub- 
dorsal horns, spot below lateralis, and lateral dot and dash on posterior third of segment; spiracles brown 
with irregular black dashes between; below a broad straight pale substigmatal area, then a blackish 
broken and vacuolated subventral band, the venter itself pale. Thoracic feet reddish; abdominal ones pale 
with black claspers. Horns whitish with pale branches and hairs, subdorsal, lateral, and substigmatal 
rows and single dorsal one on joints 12 and 13, none on anal plate, which is light reddish with black area 
before it on joint 13. No cervical shield. Horns all about the same length, the anterior aod posterior 
ones but slightly longer and slenderer, none as long as the diameter of the body. 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 159 


tatively labeled by Mr. Schaus as females of his rubrifrons and dalina, 
respectively, but they do not possess the red feet of these forms. 
The present form must await the association of males for positive 
identification. 

HYLESIA sp. C. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

One female similar to the above but much darker, the lines slender 
and distinct; apex very dark with light lilacine spot. It does not 
agree with anything before me, but description from the single 
female seems inadvisable. 

LONOMIA CYNIRA Cramer. 

3. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 

(Busck). 
THERINIA TRANSVERSARIA Druce. 

1. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 
OXYTENIS HONESTA Cramer. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
DRACONIPTERIS MIRABILIS Cramer. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
DRACONIPTERIS GIGANTEA Druce. 

1. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 

Druce described a very pale female from Ecuador as Teratopteris 
gigantea. The present specimen is probably conspecific, though 
small and very dark. 


Family CITHERONIIDA. 


CITHERONIA MEXICANA Grote and Robinson. 

1. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 
CITHERONIA MARION, new species. 

Thorax yellow with faint orange edgings to patagia and collar; 
below orange-brown; abdomen banded yellow and red. Fore wing 
yellow, a yellow patch at base, the rest of basal space filled in with 
purple; scattered purple clouds in mesial space with four angular 
dots surrounding discal cross-vein; subterminal space lightly powdered 
with purple; terminal space solidly purple filled. Hind wing with 
red discal dot and lightly curved outer line, touching tornus and apex 
at extremities, narrowly separated from discal dot; a slight red patch 
near inner margin below cell. Beneath yellow, costa and terminal 
space of fore wing only purple. Large red discal and basal dots on 
both wings. Expanse, 84 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15836, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). 

This is probably a subspecies of C. laocoon Cramer. 


EACLES MAGNIFICA Walker. 
2. Paraiso, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck). 


160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


SYSSPHINX MOLINA Cramer. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, May, 1911 
(Busck). 

ADELOCEPHALA ADOCIMA, new species. 

Fore wing dark gray-brown; a white triangular patch at base; 
outer line faintly indicated, nearly parallel to outer margin, starting 
from costa at outer fifth, retreating a little below, relieved at costa 
by a triangular violaceous shade within. Abdomen ocher-brown. 
Expanse, 83 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15766, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 


Superfamily BOMBYCOIDEA. 
Family SYNTOMID2. 


POMPILIODES ALIENA Walker. 
3. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
March, 1911 (Busck). 
ISANTHRENE CRABRONIFORMIS Staudinger. 
1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
PHEIA ALIBISIGNA Walker. 
1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 


PHEIA UTICA Druce. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
PHEIA STRATIOTES, new species. 

Black, with many yellow spots; front, vertex, tegule, streak on 
patagia, spot in center of thorax, two behind, all of constricted base 
of abdomen, band on posterior edge of each segment, interrupted 
dorsally, and venter yellow. Palpi and legs darker yellow, the latter 
streaked with black. Antenne black, yellow in the middle, wings 
yellow hyaline, veins black; fore wing with orange spot at base, an 
apical black patch and very narrow outer and inner borders. Hind 
wing with narrow apical border. Expanse, 23-25 mm. 

Cotypes—Three males, No. 15771, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, June, 1911 (Busck). 

The abdomen is distinctly constricted at the base, but the other 
characters agree with Pheia. 

LOXOPHLEBIA LEUCOTHEMA, new species. 

Above as in L. imitata Druce; abdomen beneath black, the ventral 
valve white. Expanse, 18-20 mm. 

Cotypes.—Three males, No. 15767, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, June, 
1911 (Busck); Caura Valley and Aroa, Venezuela (Schaus collection). 
MESOTHEN PYRRHA Schaus. 

1. Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck). 


PHCNICOPROCTA RUBIVENTER Hampson. 
1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, June, 1911 (Busck). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 161 


PHG@NICOPROCTA PAUCIPUNCTA, new species. 

Black; patches of metallic blue on fore coxe, front, vertex, tegule, 
base of wing, metathorax, and lateral row on abdomen, the central 
spots of latter small; an orange patch dorsally on fourth segment 
and small one on fifth; a band on fourth ventrally; anal tuft black. 
Wings hyaline, veins black; a black marginal band on fore wing 
expanded at apex and tornus; subcostal orange streak and orange 
patch at base of inner margin, cut by vein 1. Hind wing with mar- 
ginal band widened at apex and tornus. Discocellulars of hind wing 
angled. Expanse, 35 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15679, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

SAROSA MORA Schaus. 

1. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 

Differs from mora in having a broad black apex to fore wing, but 
agrees otherwise. 

HOMCOCERA STICTOSOMA Druce. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
COSMOSOMA SEMIFULVA Druce. 

4. Trinidad River, March, 1912, and June, 1911 (Busck); La 
Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

COSMOSOMA REMOTA Walker. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
COSMOSOMA HERCYNACULA, new species. 

Like C. hercyna Druce, but smaller, the apical black patch of fore 
wing with straight inner edge, not arcuate. Expanse, 20-22 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, No. 15772, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 
1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

COSMOSOMA MELANOTELA, new variety. 

Abdomen with small black tip; else as in hercynacula. 

Cotypes.—Two males, No. 15773, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 
(Buseck). 

SAURITA TEMENUS Stoll. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
SAURITA PH@NICOSTICTA Druce. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

SAURITA TIPULINA Htibner. 

4, Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, May, 1911 (Busck); 
Paraiso, Canal Zone, June, 1911 (Busck). 

DINIA ZZAGRUS Cramer. : 

2. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, March, 
1911 (Busck). 


ANDROCHARTA MEONES Stoll. 
2. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 


34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——11 


162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


DYCLADIA MAMBA, new species. 

Head and thorax orange above with median dorsal black stripe. 
Abdomen black with large blue metallic lateral .patches, orange at 
base; palpi orange, the joints tipped with black; legs black, fore 
femora pale orange, fore cox metallic blue. Wings hyaline, tinged 
with orange; veins, costa and margin orange; a large round black 
discal spot; apex and tornus black; a sordid orange patch at bases 
of veins 2-4. Hind wing hyaline with black terminal border, wider 
at apex and tornus. Expanse, 32 mm. 

Ty pe.—Male, No. 15770, U.'S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
HYPOCHARIS CLUSIA Druce. 

1. La Chorrera,-May, 1912 (Busck). 

RHYNCHOPYGA FLAVICOLLIS Druce. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
PSOLOPTERA THORACICA Walker. 

4. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); 
Porto Bello, May, 1912 (Busck). 

MACROCNEME AURIPES Walker. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
MACROCNEME CHRYSOTARSIA Hampson. 

7. Taboga Island, February, 1912, and June, 1911 (Busck); La 
Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

MACROCNEME LADES Cramer. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912. 
MACROCNEME LADES CABIMENSIS, new subspecies. 

Hind tibize with long fringe of hair above and short one below on 
inner side; antennze of female with short branches; fringe of hind 
tarsi white on top of first and all succeeding joints. Fore wing with 
short blue streaks at base and a row of them across middle. 

Cotypes.—Two females, No. 15768, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck). 

Also a broken and worn specimen, apparently the same, Paraiso, 
Canal Zone, February, 1911. 

MACROCNEME LACONIA Druce. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
MACROCNEME INDISTINCTA Butler. 

2. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
CALONOTOS TIBURTUS Cramer. 

3. Porto Bello, March, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 
(Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

NAPATA LEUCOTELUS Butler. 

4. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
March, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

ACLYTIA HEBER Cramer. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 163 


ACLYTIA PUNCTATA Butler. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 

TEUCER ATEUCER, new species. 

Fore wing straw-color, irrorate with brown; a brown shade at 
base; a faint curved inner line; small double discal dot preceded by 
a shade on costa; an oblique band from outer third of inner margin 
to apex; a round black spot on tornus; small terminal dots. Hind 
wing soiled whitish, with small fuscous discal spot and faint term- 
inal shading; fringe dotted as on fore wing. Expanse, 24 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15777, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

This species disagrees with Teucer in venation, having 6 of fore 
wing arising far below angle of cell, 6 and 7 of ime wing separate, 
4 and 5 fon a point; but two of ilese divergencies are shown in 
Teucer brunnea Hampson, which this species resembles. 

EPISCEPSIS LENZUS Cramer. 

1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
DELPHYRE ELACHIA, new species. 

Head, thorax and fore wing brown. Hind wing and abdomen 
blackish gray. Legs brown; antennex blackish. Expanse, 16 mm. 

Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 separate; 5 fully developed from 
lower angle of cell; 3 and 4 coincident; 2 from long before angle of 
cell. Fore wing with 3 and 4 long-stalked; 5 from lower angle of 
cell; 9 absent. Abdomen not constricted at base. 

Lype.—Female, No. 15778, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

Resembles D. hebes Walker, but smaller. 

DELPHYRE HEBES Walker. 

1. Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Gas: 
DELPHYRE CUMULOSA, new species. 

Fore wing lilacine gray with large round brown spots in rows; 
spot at base, inner row curved, median row doubled at end of cell, 
a large blotch at lower corner of cell, single row below, outer row 
fused into a wedge-shaped band above, single and somewhat dis- 
located below vein 2; subterminal row close to margin; a row of 
dots in fringe. Hind wing soiled pale yellow. Head and thorax gray 
with narrow crimson ring in neck; abdomen pale ocher above, with- 
out spots. Expanse, 25 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, No. 15774, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 
4912 (Busck); Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck). 
PTYCHOTRICHOS EPISCEPSIDIS, new species. 

Black-brown; two spots on back of head and whole venter of 
thorax narrowly crimson; abdomen black, with large lateral metallic 
blue spots. Fore wing brown-black. Hind wing hyaline-white at 
base, veins and broad margin black; the cell black above, leaving 


164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 47. 


the white spots in lower part of cell, one large one beyond and two 
smaller ones between base of veins 2-5. Male with straw-colored 
hair pencil at base of hind tibia. Expanse, 38 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15776, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

HELIURA BANOCA new spDecies. 

Black, mixed with olive fuscous; patagia and thorax striped; two 
large crimson dots at back of head; fore cox whitish. Abdomen 
black above, white below, except at tip. Fore wing olive-fuscous 
with white-hyaline patches, one in cell, a long one below, a row of 
four beyond, black spots in rows between the veins filling up most 
of the rest of wing, leaving only narrow lines between. Hind wing 
white-hyaline at base with broad black border. In the male the 
tornus of hind wing is produced a little and rounded, with erect 
fuscous scales and a broad border of the same beneath to vein 5. 
Expanse, 21 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15775, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March,1912 
(Busck). 

EUCEREON HYALINUM Kaye. 

1. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 
EUCEREON LATIFASCIATA Walker. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
EUCEREON ROGERSI Druce. 


1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 


CORREBIA LYCOIDES Walker. 


1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
Family LITHOSTID. 


HYPAREVA POGONODA Hampson. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
APTILOSIA CROCEA Schaus. 

3. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 
(Busck). 

AGYLLA BIOPTERA, new species. 

Male.—Palpi yellow with dark tips; front white; vertex, thorax, 
and abdomen gray, and tuft black. Fore wing silvery white, broadly 
dark gray along inner margin. Hind wing white. Beneath, fore 
wing gray, darker on inner margin; a broad ocherous area over cell 
and outwardly, staining veins 2, 3, and 4. Expanse, 20 mm. 

Female.—Palpi, head, and thorax as in the male; abdomen gray 
above, without anal tuft. Fore wing as in the male above; below, 
white with gray about tornus only. Expanse, 22 mm. 

Cotypes.—Four males, three females, No. 15781, U.S.N.M.; Trin- 
idad River, March and August, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 165 


AGYLLA SERICEA Druce. 

23. Porto Bello, March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); 
La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 
AGYLLA NIPHOSTIBES, new species. 

Palpi ocher, blackish at tip. Silvery white, fore wing shining, 
hind wing semitranslucent. Head dark gray in front, vertex white; 
antenne ocher, shortly pectinated in the male. Thorax white. Abdo- 
men white; anal tuft of male tinted with sordid ocher. Legs whit- 
ish, fore femora yellow, fore tibiz and tarsi fuscous. Costa of male 
very narrowly and faintly ocher; of female, white. Expanse, 40- 
46 mm. 

Cotypes.—Four males, one female, No. 15782, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck). 

This falls in Agylla nivea Walker by Hampson’s monograph;! but 
Walker says of nivea, “Head black above, luteous in front” and “ abdo- 
men testaceous above.’’ Of the synonyms given by Hampson, mon- 
oleuca Walker has “palpi fawn color;”’ argentea Felder has the 
vertex of head yellow, collar shaded with purplish fuscous; virginea 
Schaus is a small form with pale ocher vertex and collar and abdomen 
eray dorsally; plateada Dognin is like argentea Felder, but with 
ocherous abdomen instead of white; jflorecilla Dognin has the vertex 
of the head as well as the whole front and collar gray. None of the 
described forms, therefore, agree with the one before me. I have two 
males and three females of niphostibes also from the Guianas, col- 
lected by Mr. Schaus. 

APISTOSIA JUDAS Hiibner. 

5. La Chorrera, May, 1912: (Busck). 
BALBURA DORSISIGNA Walker. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
DOLICHESIA FALSIMONIA Schaus. 

3. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
ACHROOSIA NUDA Hampson. 

5. Alhajuelo, March, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912, 
and May, 1911 (Busck). 
THYONE SIMPLEX Walker. 

37. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
March, 1912, and June (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); 
Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); 
Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek and C. P. Crafts). 

THYONE GRISESCENS Schaus. 

13. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
March, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, March and June, 1912 (Busck); 
Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


1 Cat. Lep. Phal. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1900, p. 195. 


166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you, 47. 


AFRIDA GYMNES, new species. 

Fore wing grayish white, white irrorated with olive yellow; a sub- 
basal oblique half-line from costa, dark gray; a small square patch 
on middle of costa, connected by a slender, broken dentate outcurved 
line to a triangular patch on inner margin; a large diffused patch on 
termen forming a larger triangular patch above and a smaller one 
below, joined; terminal black dots. Hind wing soft grayish fuscous, 
with faint darker border and central line, the latter crossing the ob- 
scure discal dot. Fringe pale. Expanse, 12 mm. 

Cotypes.—Seven specimens, No. 15793, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, 
May, 1912 (Busck); Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck). 
AFRIDA PNIXIS, new species. 

Base of fore wing dark, heavily blackish irrorate, followed by a 
broad band of grayish white, limited by a zigzag black line, and run- 
ning in toward base on inner margin; median space irrorated with 
gray, limited by a line similar to the inner one, running from apex 
inward, then downward to inner margin before tornus; the line is 
followed by white below, but above touches the blackish marginal 
marking, which becomes purplish toward apex; marginal dots not 
relieved. Hind wing uniformly dark grayish fuscous. Expanse, 
11 mm. 


Type.—Male, No. 15794, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck.) 


GAUDEATOR, new genus. 


Fore wing with vein 3 before angle of cell; 4 and 5 well separated, 
6 below upper angle of cell; 7 to 9 stalked, 7 after 9; 10 and 11 free, 
11 somewhat curved. Hind wing with 3 and 4 from angle of cell, 5 
from middle of cross vein, 6 and 7 long-stalked, 8 from middle of cell. 
Hind tibize with four spurs; palpi short, slender, upturned to middle 
of frons; tongue distinct. 

Type of the genus.—Gaudeator paidicus, new species. 

GAUDEATOR PAIDICUS, new species. 

Yellow; abdomen more or less red dorsally. Fore wing yellow; a 
purple-black bar near base to vein 1; an oblique inner band joined 
by a longitudinal bar to a curved outer one to costa; outer band 
broken below this bar, its lower segment lying parallel upon inner 
margin next tornus. Hind wing pink with yellow fringe. Expanse, 
13 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15783, selected from 38 specimens, Cabima, May, 
1911 (Busck). Other specimens from Porto Bello, April, 1912 
(Busck); Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck); La Chorrera, 
May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, March and June, 1912 (Busck). 

Resembles Nudur fractivittarum Dyar. 

LYCOMORPHODES SORDIDA Butler. 

12. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, 

March, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, April and May, 1912 (Busck); 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 167 


Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

MULONA PHELINA Druce. 

18. Trinidad River, March, May, and June, 1912 (Busck); Porto 
Bello, April, 1912, and May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

PREPIELLA AUREA Butler. 

14. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 
1912 (Busck); Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck); Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad Te 
June, 1912 (Busck). 

Hampson figures! the venation with veins 3 and 4 long-stalked in 
hind wings. They are in reality separate or connate, the cell making 
along angle toward margin, wrongly shown in the figure. Vein 5 
also is short and curved. 


ODOZANA SIXOLA Schaus. 

7. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, March, 1911 
(Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

All the specimens are males, the female being unknown. 


PALAOZANA, new genus. 


Fore wing with veins 2 and 3 from well before angle of cell; 4 and 5 
from a point; 6 from apex of cell; 7 to 9 stalked, 7 beyond 9; 10 and 
11 free, oblique. Hind wing with 2 before angle of cell; 3 to 5 
stalked, 4 and 5 coincident; 6 and 7 stalked; 8 near end of cell. Palpi 
slender, upturned; tongue strong; hind tibiz with four spurs. 
Falls with Pachycerosia in the table, but the costa is not strongly 
arched at base. 

Type of the genus.—Palxozana mida, new species. 

PALZOZANA MIDA, new species. 

Dark slate gray; tegule crimson; palpi pale. Fore wing blackish 
slate. Hind wing crimson with outer even black border. Below 
this area covered with raised orange scales and a row of orange hairs 
subcostally. Abdomen crimson with very large anal and lateral 
tufts, crimson at the sides, orange in the center. Expanse, 15 mm. 

Cot, ypes.—Three males, No. 15786, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Buseck). 

ILLICE LEUCONOTUM, new species. 

Head and thorax white; abdomen crimson dorsally, not tufted. 
Fore wing gray, washed with white, the gray persisting as borders 
to creamy white spots, of which one, seiicircular, is on outer third 
of costa and two elongate ones on inner margin, nearly joined cen- 
trally and together reaching from base to tornus. Hind wing crim- 


1 Cat. Lep. Phal. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1900, p. 358. 


168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47. 


son with small gray tip at apex, no prolongation at tornus, Ex- 
panse, 10 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15785, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, April, 1912 
(Busck.) 

ILLICE MINUTA Butler. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

Smaller than the unique female type (male, 11 mm.), but agreeing 
well otherwise with Hampson’s description and figure.! 

ILLICE OPULENTA Walker. 

4. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, October and Decem- 
ber, 1912 (G. F. Cleveland). 
DIARHABDOSIA COROIDES Schaus. 

15. Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck); Cabima, May, 
1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 

All the specimens are females. 

PARAPREPIA FUSCILINGUA, new species. 

Head and palpi blue-gray; tegule crimson; tongue dark brown; 
thorax and abdomen dark blue-gray. Fore wing slaty gray-blue, 
shaded on inner third. Hind wing siaty*black. Expanse, 15 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 15784, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, 
April, 1912 (Busck) ; La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

NODOZANA THRICOPHORA Hampson. 

9. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck) ; 
Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 

NODOZANA PICTURATA Schaus. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
NODOZANA ALBULA, new species. 

White; fore wing irrorated with luteous, with an indistinct patch 
of darker scales above vein 6 beyond cell and a diffuse elongate 
black patch in submedian space beyond middle. Hind wing pale 
gray. Abdomen pale gray, with large white terminal tuft. Ex- 
panse, 11 mm. 

Type.-—Female, No. 15803, U.S.N.M.; without label (Busck). 

In appearance resembles Saozana leucota Hampson. 


SERINCIA, new genus. 


Fore wing with vein 2 from long before angle of cell; 3 to 5 well 
spaced; 7 to 9 stalked; 8 and 9 coincident; 10 and 11 free. Hind 
wing with 3 and 4 moderately stalked, 5 absent, 6 and 7 stalked, 8 
from middle of cell. Hind tibia with four spurs. Palpi obliquely 
porrect, exceeding the front; tongue well developed. Falls in Cincia 
in the table, but differs in the absence of vein 9. 

Type of the genus.—Serincia metallica, new species. 


1Cat. Lep. Phal. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1900, p. 399, pl. 29, fig. 17. 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 169 


SERINCIA METALLICA, new species. 

Fore wing bright metallic green. Hind wing dull black. Body 
parts black, the head and thorax green. Expanse, 16 mm. 

Type-—Female, No. 15787, U.S.N.M.; Tabernilla, Canal Zone, 
May, 1907 (Busck). 

LYCOMORPHODES GENIFICANS, new species. 

Dark slate gray; abdomen dorsally crimson. The fore wing under 
a lens has numerous rough, white scales, tipped with black. The 
hind wing is nearly black without the slaty tint. Expanse, 13-14 mm. 

Cotypes.—Seven females, No. 15789, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, 
March, May, and June, 1912 (Busck). 

Like Talara rugipennis Schaus, but differing in the pronounced 
stalking of veins 4 and 5 of fore wing. 

TALARA MELANOSTICTA, new species. 

Slate gray; fore wing pale slate gray, showing under lens many 
whitish scales with black tips. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 
stalked, a little browner in tone than fore wing, with a large velvety 
black patch of androconia filling the cell and extending above and 
beyond it. Expense, 15-16 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, No. 15790, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck). 

TALARA MINYNTHADIA, new species. 

Brown, tinged with submetallic black; neck and basal joint of 
antenne yellow; abdomen crimson above, anal tuft mixed crimson, 
orange, and black. Fore wing slaty brown with bluish black shade 
along costa and across middle, broadly so beneath, leaving only 
base and apex of slate. Hind wing crimson, apical half brown- 
black, narrowing to a point before tornus. Expanse, 15 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15791, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

Two females, tentatively associated with the male type, lack the 
dark shading of fore wing above and below, the wing being dark 
slaty blackish without marks on either surface. Crimson area of 
hind wing more restricted than in the male, occupying about the 
basal third. 

La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 
1907 (Busck). 

TALARA VIOLESCENS, new species. 

Dark slaty brown; fore wing with shining violet tint, uniform. 
Hind wing black, basal third crimson. Abdomen crimson, the large 
anal tuft blue-black. Expanse, 16 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15792, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
TALARA PHAZELLA Hampson. 

7. Trinidad River, March, 1912, and May, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, 
Canal Zone, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


170 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 47. 


Bo MAE Oe et Sie Os ee ee 
TALARA MESOSPILA, new species. 

Head and thorax white; abdomen crimson. Fore wing white; a 
brown patch at basal one-third of inner margin and another oblique 
one on tornus. Hind wing crimson. Expanse, 11 mm, 

Type-—Male, No. 15797, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). | 
TALARA MONA, new species. 

Fore wing gray, variegated with whitish scales, especially on lower 
half; inner line pale, faint, forming three small pale spots; subter- 
minal line dark, straight, bent at vein 6, followed by a light mark at 
tornus and fringe and two dots on costa, one before, one after. Hind 
wing crimson at base, apex broadly dark gray, running as narrow 
border to tornus. Body gray; abdomen crimson dorsally. Ex- 
panse, 11 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15796, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

Allied to unimoda Schaus and diversa Schaus, rather intermediate 
between them. 


ABROCHOCIS, new genus. 


Fore wing with veins 2 and 3 from before angle of cell, 4 and 5 long- 
stalked, 7 to 9 stalked, 7 before 9, 10 free, 11 anastomosing with 12. 
Hind wing with vein 2 from before angle of cell, 3 and 4 coincident, 
5 from lower angle of cell, 6 and 7 coincident, 8 before middle of cell. 
It falls in the table with Barsinella Butler, differing in veins 3 and 4 
of fore wing being stalked and 6 and 7 of hind wing coincident. 

Type of the genus.—Talara esperanza’ Schaus. 

ABROCHOCIS ESPERANZA Schaus. 

12. Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck); Cabima, May, 
1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
June, 1912 (Busck). 

BARSINELLA DESETTA, new species. 

Fore wing orange, tinged with red; crimson discal bar and termen; 
three black dots beyond base followed by four digitate streaks, then 
the inner line, thrice dentate, central tooth largest; outer line with 
one long tooth, followed by eight streaks on the veins. Hind wing 
crimson with apical black spot; fringes orange tinted. Expanse, 9 
mm, 

Type.—Female, No. 15797, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck) 

GERIDIXIS, new genus. 


Generic characters of Chrysochlorosia Hampson, by the table, but 
vein 11 free, oblique, not anastomosing with 12, cell of hind wing 
moderate, etc. 

Type of the genus.—Geridizis minx, new species. 


1 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 7, 1911, p. 360. 


xo. 2050: LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 171 


GERIDIXIS MINX, new species. 

White; abdomen tinged with sordid. Fore wing white with scat- 
tered ocherous shadings; a large oval black patch occupying a large 
part of the wing, leaving the costal third white and a narrow space 
along margin and around tornus. Hind wing pale fuscous, the fringes 
white. Expanse, 14 mm. 

Type-—Male, No. 15788, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). ; 

Resembles in appearance Paratalara inversa Schaus. 

CLEMENSIA QUINQUIFERANA Walker. 

3. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 
(Busck). 

There appear to be several species mixed up under this name, but 
the material is not in good enough quality to enable a separation. 


ANAZINE, new genus. 


Palpi upturned, second joint densely fringed with scales in front, 
the third small, concealed by the scales, reaching nearly to vertex 
of head. Tongue moderately well developed. Hind tibisze with very 
long spurs. Fore wing rather narrow, apex depressed, pointed or 
slightly faleate. Fore wing with veins 2 and 3 from well before 
angle of cell, 4 and 5 from a point, 6 shortly below upper angle of 
cell, 7 to 10 stalked, 7 before 10, 11 free, oblique. Hind wing with 2 
long before angle of cell, 3 and 4 siclieeil 5 above middle of discocel- 
lulars, 6 and 7 Solked, 8 from the middle of the cell. 

Type of the genus —Anene spurca, new species. 

ANZNE SPURCA, new species. 

Fore wing whitish, costa dark brown; costal third shaded. with 
gray, cut by two rather broad white lines, of which the inner is oblique, 
the outer bent outwards a little above the middle; a triangular 
brown patch on inner margin between the lines; a yellowish stain 
about tornus, with a small dark patch and another before outer mar- 
gin above middle. Hind wing whitish, stained with fuscous, espe- 
cially at apex and inner angle. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Cotypes—TIwo males, No. 15798, U.S.N.M.;-La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck). 

ANZNE SQUALIDA, new species. 

As in spurca, but the gray shading is extensive, involving nearly 
the whole wing; a whitish space at base below a longitudinal basal 
dash; lines white, narrow, not attaining costa; dark marks on inner 
margin and before outer margin olivaceous, not as distinct as in 
spurca. Hind wing fuscous. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15799, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, May, 1912, 
(Busck), 


172 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. * von. 47, 


ANZNE IMPROSPERA, new species. 

Fore wing wood-brown, with numerous fine straight oblique dark 
brown lines subparallel to outer margin; a large elongate dark discal 
mark; costa coppery brown with fine white oblique streaks in reversed 
direction to the lines, and small patch before apex; margin narrowly 
dark brown, fringe lighter brown. Hind wing fuscous brown, fringe 
light brown. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, No. 15800, U.S.N.M.; Tobago Island, Feb- 
ruary, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 

ANZNE DIAGRAMMA, new species. 

Palpi with the third joint long; fore wing with outer margin square, 
a little incised below apex. Fore wing gray, the central veins lighter, 
yellowish scaled, the whole wing minutely transversly lned with 
alternating light and dark scales; two brown-black lines across the 
wing, the inner curved, the outer-a little waved broadly below; three 
dots on costa before apex and a row of irregular subconfluent mar- 
ginal ones. Hind wing dark fuscous. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Cotypes.—Four males, one female, No. 15801, U.S.N.M.; Tobago 
Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


DIXANAINE, new genus. 


With the characters of Anzne, but veins 3 and 4 of fore wing 
stalked; the palpi have the third joint long; fore wing not subfalcate, 
apex roundedly pointed, outer margin oblique. 

Type of the genus.—Dixanene lepidocena, new species. 

DIXANZENE LEPIDOCANA, new species. 

Fore wing light gray, the scales arranged in minute transverse 
whitish and dark brown lines, some 50 of each color, the ground 
nearly pure white in patches at base above, on inner margin at basal 
third and in a wavy subterminal line; patches of long spatulate 
scales, black on white, in three areas, one subbasal, one medial, one 
subterminal, none attaining costa; inner line coppery brown, from 
costa to median vein; outer similar, crossing wing, gently excurved 
above and below; a row of terminal black dashes. Hind wing 
whitish, fuscous tinted outwardly, with dark terminal line. Expanse, 
11 mm. 

Cotypes.—Four males, two females, No. 15802, U.S.N.M., Tobaga 
Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); 
La Chorrera, May 1912 (Busck). 


SAOZANA, new genus. 


Differs from Odozana Walker in having vein 11 of fore wing free, 
not anastomosing with 12 and veins 6 and 7 of hind wing coincident. 
The hind wings of the male are greatly expanded in the anal area, 
with a notch above vein 2. 

Type of the genus.—Odozana leucota Hampson. 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. is 


SAOZANA LEUCOTA Hampson. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912. 

White; fore wing irrorated with pale fuscous patches. The male 
has numerous secondary sexual characters: On fore wing a pencil of 
stiff black hairs on under side running along inner margin and an 
elliptical thick glandular fovea below the cell; on hind wing the 
remarkable expansion of anal area and a thick fovea at the end of 
the cell. 

Family ARCTIIDZ. 
IDALUS HIPPIA Stoll. 
1. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 


MELESE LAODAMIA Druce. 
1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 


MELESE INCERTA Walker. 
4. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


MELESE ASANA Druce. 
1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 


OCHRODOTA PRONAPIDES Druce. 
1. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck). 
AMMALO INSULATA Walker. 
2. Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal 
Zone, June, 1911 (Busck). 
HALISIDOTA RHOMBOIDEA Sepp. 
2. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 
1912 (Busck). 
HALISIDOTA CATENULATA Hiibner. 
1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 


NEZULA GRISEA Schaus. 


1. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck). 
PAREVIA PARNELLI Schaus. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911. 

A female differing from the male type in having the hind wing 
crimson at base and the terminal gray border broad. 

AGORZA MINUTA Schaus. 

9. Trinidad River, March and June, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 
1911 (Busck) ; La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

VIRBIA ROSENBERGI Rothschild. 

42. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck) ; Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 
1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal 
Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La 
Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

VIRBIA OROLA, new species. 

Fore wing brown-black above; below with a large yellow patch 
over two-thirds of wing from base, except costa. Hind wing black 
with yellow patch on upper half of wing except margin; a yellow 


174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


streak beneath at inner margin; neck with crimson ring; abdomen 
black above, gray below, without orange stripe. Expanse, 25 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15810, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, April, 1912 
(Busck). 

NERITOS COTES Druce. 

2. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Buseck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
APANTESIS PROXIMA Guerin. 

6. Porto Bello, March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck) ; 
Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 

ECPANTHERIA LAETA Walker. 

1. Porto Bello, April, 1911 (Busck). 
UTETHEISA VENUSTA Dalman. 

5. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck) ; 
Paraiso, Canal Zone, June, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 
1912 °(C. Ps Crafts); 

Family HYPSID. 


LAURON SORA Boisduval. 

3. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck) ; Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 
1912 (J. Zetek). | 
HYALURGA SUBNORMALIS, new species. 

White; head and thorax stained with gray; two white dots on ver- 
tex and two on tegulx; patagia with orange spot at base; abdomen 
with a dorsal and a subdorsal dark line. Wings white; veins dark 
on both pair; fore wing with the costa gray, stained with orange 
at base and subapically; a clouded dark spot at end of cell joined to 
costa and another above tornus between veins 2 and 3. Expanse, 
39 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15811, U.S.N.M.; Paraiso, Canal Zone, Janu- 
ary, 1911 (Busck). 

PERICOPIS MARGINALIS Walker. 

3. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
February, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

PERICOPIS ANGULOSA IRENIDES Butler. 

2. Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 

Mr. Busck took a pair, the male marked like normal angulosa 
Walker, except that the lower part of the central band is yellow, the 
female of a form like ithomia Felder. The species is not awhomia, 
which I identify in three specimens from Costa Rica agreeing with 
Felder’s figure, but so much like it that five specimens in the collec- 
tion are so named. The present form, irenides, has a tendency to 
obsolescence of the basal red markings of fore wings in both sexes; 
of 12 before me from Panama only four have the red well developed. 
In two others it is reduced and in the remaining six entirely absent. 

Mr. Busck made the following note about the defensive secretion 
of this species: ‘‘On capture these butterflies, male and female, emit 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 75 


through a slit in the thorax between the first and second thoracic 
segments a profuse, ochery yellow, staining foam, three to four inches 
of it at a time by a half inch in diameter. No smell perceptible.” 

I have noticed a similar habit in Composia fidelissima Herrich- 
Schiffer.! 


GARDINIA MAGNIFICA Walker. 
4. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck). 


Family AGARISTID. 


EUSCHIRROPTERUS POEYI PULVEROSA, new subspecies. 

Differs from poeyi Grote in the absence of a sharp line on submedian 
separating the white and dark areas; the line is present only on the 
part of the dark border beyond the origin of vein 2; white space of 
fore wing rather broader, the discal dot less elongated, not crossing 
the white space; the orbicular large, rounded and with a powdery 
light center like the reniform. Male without the dark marginal border 
to the hind wing, the subanal yellow spot edged by a few dark scales. 
Expanse, 33-36 mm. 

Cotypes.—One male, six females, No. 15812 U.S.N.M.; La Chor- 
rera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

DIAMUNA FALCATA Druce. 
1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 


Family NOCTUID. 


Subfamily AGROTIN 2&. 
AGROTIS REPLETA Walker. 

1. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck). 
LYCOPHOTIA INFECTA Ochsenheimer. 

8. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck) ; Porto Bello, March, 
1911 (Buseck); Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 

LYCOPHOTIA RODEA Schaus. 

2. Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 
EUXOA AGRESTIS Grote. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

The specimen is typical, but I feel that confirmation of this occur- 
rence should be had before being considered authentic, as the speci- 
men may have been wrongly labeled by the preparator. 


Subfamily HADENIN&X. 


XANTHOPASTIS TIMAIS Cramer. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
CIRPHIS HUMIDICOLA Guenée. 

4. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 
(Busck), July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 


1 Entomological News, vol. 2, 1891, p. 50. 


176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


CIRPHIS MULTILINEA Walker. 
1. La Chorrera, May,1912 (Busck). 
CIRPHIS STRIGUSCULA Dyar. 

1. Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck). 
CIRPHIS LATIUSCULA Herrich-Schafier. 

5. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, Feb- 
ruary, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
CIRPHIS INCONSPICUA Herrich-Schiiffer. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

CIRPHIS UNIPUNCTA Haworth. 
1. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck). 
CIRPHIS MICROSTICTA Hampson. 

1. Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck). 
CIRPHIS SETECI, new species. 

Near cinereicollis Walker, but the dark longitudinal shade paler 
gray, not black, the white mark at end of cell small and joined to 
base by narrow obscure whitish line along median vein; markings 
light and fine; outer row of dots faint; pale-colored throughout and 
not contrasted as in cinereicollis. Expanse, 28-31 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, three females, No. 15834, U.S.N.M.; Alha- 
juelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck) ; La Chorrera, 
May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 


Subfamily ACRON YCTIN A. 
CROPIA DIMORPHA, new species. 

_ Male—Dark brown; a brown-black triangular patch on costa, 
touching the large full pale reniform, which is narrowly ringed with 
black and concentrically marked; a double black and brown line 
across apex to vein 5, where it runs to margin, the apex deeper 
purplish; ordinary lines indistinct, wavy; orbicular a minute black 
ring. Hind wing solidly dark brown. Expanse, 38-40 mm. 

Female.—Lilacine gray, all the marks obliterate except the costal 
triangle and dark apex, which is contrastingly dark. Hind wing 
dark fuscous. Expanse, 35-38 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, two females, No. 15837, U.S.N.M.; Colombia 
(W. E. Pratt); Cabima, Panama, May, 1911 (Busck). 

Differs from Cropia in having no tufts on the abdomen, but the 
condition of the vestiture is poor in all the specimens, esspecially 
upon the thorax, so that they can not be more definitely placed. 
SPEOCROPIA ZNYRA Druce. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

SPEOCROPIA LEUCOSTICTA Hampson. 
1. Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 


SPEOCROPIA RANDA Schaus. 
2. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 177 


PERIGEA MIMICA Hampson. 

2. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
May, 1911 (Busck). 

PERIGEA CUPENTIA Cramer. ; 

2. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck). 

PERIGEA ALBIDA Felder. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
PERIGEA SUTOR Guenée. 

14. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
February, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May,.1912 (Busck); Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck); Corozal 
Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 

PERIGEA ALBIGERA Guenée. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
PERIGEA LINEATA Druce. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
PHUPHENA TURA Druce. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
PRORACHIA DARIA Druce. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
ERIOPUS FLORIDENSIS Guenée. 

1. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck). 
LAPHYGMA FRUGIPERDA Smith and Abbot. 

37. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
February and March, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); 
La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck); 
* Corozal, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck), July, 1912 (C. P. 
Crafts and J. Zetek). 

Apparently more abundant than the number of specimens would 
indicate. Mr. Zetek labeled a specimen “ 166,’ presumably referring 
to notes. Mr. Crafts remarks: “Feeds on Guinea grass; in some 
localities it has stripped all the blades off of large areas. Picked 
1,000 on 100 square feet (and left some) in an average spot on a ten- 
acre field.” 

STRAUROPIDES PERSIMILIS Hampson. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck)., 
ACRORIA DIMINUTA Guenée. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
XYLOMYGES SUNIA Guenée. 

1. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 
XYLOMYGES ERIDANIA Cramer. 

1. Trinidad River, May, 1912 (Busck). 


34843 °—Proc.N,M.vol.47—14——12 


178 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47. 


GONODES CUNEATA, new species. 

Near G. liquida Méschler, smaller, brown costal area confined to a 
small triangle not reaching below center of reniform and obliquely 
cut below; outer line strongly excurved, forming an obtuse angle, 
to which a broad streak runs from below apex, dislocated and con- 
tinued to center of reniform. Expanse, 23 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15852, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May 1911 (Busck). 
GONODES DENSISSIMA, new species. 

Dark brown; fore wing with coppery tint, especially in terminal 
space and inner area; lines dark, obscure; a straight dark shade 
from apex to before tornus is most distinct; inner, medial and outer 
lines curved, slight, wavy; a waved and broken subterminal line 
near the margin, dark without, coppery within. Hind wing solidly 
black-brown. Expanse, 28 mm. 

Type-—Female, No. 15838, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 
1912 (Busck). 

The angulation on the outer margin is at vein 3 instead of 4 as 
usual in the genus; the palpi are obliquely ascending instead of 
sharply upturned; the eyes have long cilia from behind and below, 
none at all from the upper side or in front. The species does not fit 
well in Gonodes, or even in the subfamily Acronyctine, but vein 5 of 
hind wing is weak and arises from middle of discocellulars, so that it 
can not be placed in the Plusiine. 

MENOPSIMUS CRAMBIFORMIS, new species. 

Fore wing deep brown; inner line golden yellow, obscure, pro- 
duced outward in an angle in cell; outer line far outward, with a 
sharp outer angle in upper third preceded in the angle by a patch of 
lilacine scales and followed by a broad band of these below; costa 
at apex white-streaked; termen pale, with two or three black streaks; 
a black line followed by dull golden before fringe; an oblique whitish 
mark for reniform, joining outer line. Hind wing fuscous, lighter at 
base. Expanse, 12 mm. 

Type.—No. 15840, U.S.N.M., selected from a series of 32; Trinidad 
River, May, 1911 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, May, 1911 (Busck); 
La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

Since preparing the above, I have examined the type of Hypenodes 
dubia Schaus and believe it to be the same species as Menopsimus 
crambiformis. The type of dubia, a female, is in such poor condi- 
tion, rubbed and without palpi or legs, that I decide to let my new 
name stand, preferring a synonym to a possible misidentification. 
HYPENOPSIS MACULA Druce. 

14. Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck), July, 1912 (C. P. 
Crafts and J. Zetek); Trinidad River, March, 1912, and May, 1911 
(Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, April and May, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 179 


MICRATHETIS TRIPLEX Walker. 

8. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
MICRATHETIS DACULA Dyar. 

9. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, February, 
1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad 
River, March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La 
Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

The specimens agree with the types of dacula from French Guiana, 
except that the brown shading within the outer line is less extensive. 
This is apparently a distinct species and not a race of MJ. dasarada 
Druce. 

MICRATHETIS TECNION, new species. 

Somewhat smaller than dacula and more sharply marked; middle 
line not so strongly oblique, bent a little at the black punctiform 
reniform, preceded by a slight brown shade; subterminal line oblique 
from apex, where it is marked by a black dash; terminal series of 
minute points. Hind wing pale, with slight yellowish tint, paler 
than in dacula, not so white as in dasarada. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Cotypes.—Six males, two females, Cat. No. 15841, U.S.N.M.; Coro- 
zal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck) ; 
Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

Resembles dasarada, smaller, broader-winged, the marks more 
upright, discal dot minute, but distinct. 

MONODES DEVARA Druce. 

2. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
MONODES BARBAROSSA Hampson. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

A male, apparently referable here. 
MONODES AGYRA Druce. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
MONODES LANGIA Druce. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 

The abdomen has no basal crest. 
MONODES HYPOSCOTA Hampson. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
MONODES MICROMMA, new species. 

Two very small females with dark hind wings, specifically separa- 
ble from costagna (Schaus), of which I have the male type from 
Brazil. There is a difference of ornamentation. In costagna there 
is a long ocher streak on vein 3. In the present form there is an 
ocher spot between veins 2 and 3, no streak. 

Cotype-—Two females, No. 15921, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck). 


MONODES DELTOIDES Mioschler. 


1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 


180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. . vo. 47. 


MONODES AGROTINA Guenée. 

31. Porto Bello, March, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 
1912 (J. Zetek). 

MONODES NIVEIPLAGA Schaus. 

2. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). 

MONODES EXESA TROLIA, new subspecies. 

M. exesa exesa Guenée from Florida occurs also in Mexico, State of 
Vera Cruz [Misantla and Orizaba (Miller), Paso San Juan (Schaus)]. 

M. exesa trolia is a smaller, slighter form with narrower wings, the 
fore wing beneath clearer, without brown shades, the markings better 
relieved. 

Cotypes.—One male, two females, No. 15842, Paraiso, Canal Zone, 
February, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
MONODES COMMACOSTA, new species. 

Costa broadly pale clayey yellow from base of inner margin to 
apex, where it is obliquely cut; rest of wing reddish brown, shading 
to purple on margin; median space with black streaks; a small white 
dot above vein 1; reniform lunate, fused in the costal band; outer line 
pale, narrow, upright; fringe dark. Hind wing whitish, without 
terminal dark shade. Expanse, 18 mm. 

Cotypes—Two males, No. 15843, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 

Similar to. M@. monyma Druce, which is not before me, but appar- 
ently smaller and more distinctly marked. 

MONODES PERIGEANA Schaus. 

5. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck); Capima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, 
May, 1912 (Busck). 

The specimens are all smaller than the male type from Costa Rica 
and the markings not quite so much obscured. 

MONODES LITHOTELA, new species. 

Fore wing blackish brown; lines formed by rows of white points; 
a long fusiform olive-ocher dash through the cell, separating two of 
the largest white dots of the outer line; an irregular broken olive 
subterminal shade. Hind wing black. Expanse, 17 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15856, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
MONODES IPSIDOMO, new species. 

Fore wing pale lilacine gray in ground; median area extending 
obliquely to apex brown-black, cut by a large pale whitish-washed 
patch on costa, in the lower part of which is the reniform, narrow, 
oblique, pale; basal area dark shaded, with a black dash below 
median vein; another dash in the dark area beyond reniform; sub- 
terminal line pale, excurved below. Hind wing dark fuscous to 
blackish. Expanse, 15-16 mm, 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 181] 


Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 15857, U.S.N.M., selected from a 
series of thirteen; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911, and June, 1912 
(Busck), July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 

PHOBOLOSIA GRANDIMACULA Schaus. 

10. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); 
La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad ee June, 1912 (Busck). 
PHOBOLOSIA MYDRONOTOUM, new species. 

Fore wing light gray, minutely squamose in darker; a terminal row 
of black dots; a violaceous metallic area at tornus; a trace of same 
color centrally near inner margin. Hind wing similar, but the 
violaceous color much diffused. Abdomen dorsally metallic black 
and blue, with golden bars at bases of the centralsegments. Expanse, 
10 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15844, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, May, 1912 
(Buseck). Allied to P. aurilinea Schaus. 

OGDOCONTA PULVILINEA Schaus. 

24. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); 
Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (C. P. Crafts and J. Zetek). 
LEUCOSIGMA RELETIVA, new species. 

Violaceous gray, without red tint; patch at apex square, pale; 
V-shaped marking joining orbicular and reniform dull yellow, as is 
also the patch at base. Hind wing fuscous. Expanse, 28 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15839, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 
1912 (Busck). 

The specimen is in poor condition, but obviously distinct from 
L. uncifera. Druce. 

SACADODES PYRALIS Dyar. 

3. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, March 
and June, 1912 (Busck). 
BAGISARA SUBUSTA Hiibner. 

2. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). 

BAGISARA AVANGAREZA Schaus. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
BAGISARA ANOTLA, new species. 

Buff-yellow, almost without markings; subterminal line most dis- 
tinct, dark shaded, evenly curved; traces of outer line, which form 
a point beyond cell and of annular reniform; a slight darker shading 
near center of outer margin. Expanse, 27-29 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 15846, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, 
April, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

This may be an immaculate form of B. avangareza Schaus. 


CHALCOECIA EMESSA Druce. 
1. Triidad River, June, 1912 eee 


182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


CHALCOECIA HEOCHROA, new species. 

Allied to @. emessa Druce, but lighter colored and smaller. Hind 
wing palestraw color, shaded with reddish brown on margin. Fore 
wing paler than in emessa, the basal space rosy violet, the shading 
on inner half of median space olive brown; outer line excurved in the 
middle. Expanse, 27 mm. 

Cotypes—Two females, No. 15845, U.S.N.M.; Alhajuelo, April, 
1911 (Busck). Also a male and two females from Aroa, Venezuela 
(Schaus collection). 

CLOSTEROMORPHA RUFIFACTA, new species. 

Similar to C. reniplaga Felder; the large costal patch is brown-red, 
ending in black outwardly; the ground color is suffused with reddish; 
the lines are faint, the outer bent at an obtuse angle; the discal 
marks small, faintly pale ringed. Expanse, 30 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two females, No. 15858, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, 
March and June, 1912 (Busck). 

A male of this form is before me from Omai, British Guiana (W. 
Schaus). 

Since preparing this description, a female from St. Jean, French 
Guiana, has been sent to the Museum by Mr. Schaus, labeled “C. 
cupreiplaga Hamps.,” a manuscript name at the time but lately 
published.* 

AMOLITA SENTALIS Kaye. 

30. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, Febru- 
ary, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, March and April, 1911 
(Busck); La Chorrera, April, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 
(Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

This is a very small species. The North American A. obliqua 
Smith is very similar in markings, but of twice the size and I believe 
a distinct species, not a synonym of sentalis. In obliqua a faint 
longitudinal band runs below the cell and joins the inner of the two 
lines. This is only slightly indicated in sentalis. 

AMOLITA PEPITA, new species.? . 

A medium-sized species, marked as in sentalis Kaye. The inner 

of the two lines is distinct and broad, black next the apex, partly 


See eee 

1 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 13, 1914, p. 160. : 

2 Three other forms in the collection have been confused, and may be characterized as follows: 
AMOLITA SOLITARIA, new species. 

Like A. obliqua Smith, but the inner line as it turns to run below the cell is bent at a rather sharp angle 
and becomes attenuated, not running broadly and evenly as in obliqua. The wings are less pointed at 
apex than in obligua. Expanse, 21mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15848, U.S.N.M.; Demerara, British Guiana (Schaus collection). 

AMOLITA INTENSA, new species. 

Lines traversing the wing, the inner broad, diffused, shaded with red; outer slender, sometimes obsolete. 
Wing somewhat longitudinally shaded; not irrorate; discal dots punctiform, single. Hind wing pele 
Straw color. Expanse, 23-26 mm. 

Cotypes.—One male, three females, No. 15849, U.S.N.M.; Castro, Parana, Brazil (Schaus collection). 
AMOLITA PARANOMA, new species. 

Pale straw color; fore wing heavily irrorated in the female, scarcely at all so in the male; lines slender, 
powdery, oblique, parallel, both crossing the wing; a brown line on median vein and its branches; discal 
dots small, distinct, black, the outer usuaily doubled. Hind wing whitish, with straw-color tint. Smali 
terminal dots on both wings. Expanse, 24-30 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, three females, No. 15850, U.S.N.M.; Castro, Parana, Brazil (Schaus collection). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 188 


reddish below, traversing the wing. No trace of longitudinal line. 
Outer discal dot enlarged or doubled, black. Expanse, 19-23 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 15847, selected from a series of 
38; Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
March, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, March and June, 1912 (Busck); 
Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 
(Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


ABLITA, new genus. 


Proboscis aborted, small; palpi obliquely upturned, second joint 
fringed with hair below, third moderate, smooth; frons smooth, 
without hair-tuft; eyes large, round; thorax clothed chiefly with 
scales, without crests; tibiz smoothly scaled; abdomen without 
crests; fore Wing narrow, apex square, veins 7—10 stalked, or, abnor- 
mally, 10 anastomosing shortly with stalk of 7-9 to form a very small 
accessory cell. Hind wing with veins 3-4 shortly stalked, 5 obso- 
lescent from angle of discocellulars, 6—7 stalked; 8 anastomosing 
with cell near base. 

Type of the genus.—Neolita adin Schaus.! 

ABLITA ADIN Schaus. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

The specimen does not agree very closely with the type of adin, 
but is in poor condition and I can not positively separate it. 

ABLITA NYMPHICA, new species. 

Vertex of head nearly white; palpi upturned, the second joint reach- 
ing vertex, brown scaled, white tipped, third joint slender, brown 
banded. Fore wing purplish ochraceous, irrorated with dark brown; 
costa dark at base; inceptions of inner and mesial lines on costa 
shown as short streaks; shorter streaks toward apex; a small black 
discal dot. Hind wing whitish, with dark terminal marks. 

Cotypes.—Two females, No. 15853, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck). 

Also three males and a female with the discal dots fused into a 
round spot, tentatively placed here; La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); 
Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck); July, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 
ABLITA GRAMMALOGICA, new species. 

Palpi obliquely porrect, second joint fringed with scales at summit, 
third smoothly scaled, without dark scales. Fore wing straw color, 
shaded obscurely with olive brown, forming streaks toward apex 
and outwardly; subbasal line slender, brown, dentate, reaching sub- 
median fold; inner line oblique, to submedian, incurved thence to 
vein 1; median line shaded, obscure, excurved to reniform; outer 
line starting in an oblique dash on costa, excurved over cell; short 
black streaks on costa before apex; marginal spots brown, lunate, 


1 Neolita adin Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 8, 1911, p. 107. 


184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 47. 


nearly touching; discal mark small, white, incompletely edged by 
black scales. Hind wing sordid whitish, tinged with brown; marginal 
brown marks nearly confluent. Expanse, 17 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15854, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, April, 1912 
(Busck). 

DANTONA CORVES, new species. 

Fore wing gray-brown, more or less heavily shaded with gray- 
black; outer line a row of black spots from before apex to outer third 
of inner margin, forming a line below; discal dot double, white, 
black-edged and joined to a black bar in cell; slight black bar also on 
submedian at base; terminal area somewhat streaked, the pale ground 
persisting in elongate patches between the veins; a row of terminal 
black dots. Hind wing soiled white in the male, densely fuscous 
powdered in the female. Expanse, 22 mm. 

Cotypes—Two males, one female, No. 15855, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

EUDRYAS SANCTA-JOHANNIS Walker. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
AUCULA BUPRASIA Druce. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
AUCULA PARTICOLOR, new species. 

Fore wing black, shading to deep red at apex, densely irrorated 
with blue; the irrorations define a median black line, angled out- 
wardly in the middle, and an outer oblique line close to it, excurved 
over cell, the two inclosing above a large annular reniform; a sub- 
terminal macular band; all the markings entirely of the ground color 
and defined by the pale irrorations. Hind wing with a large ellip- 
tical orange patch at base. Beneath, fore wing with a large transverse 
orange spot outwardly. Expanse, 27-29 mm. 

Cotypes—Two males, one female, No. 15851, U.S.N.M.; La 
Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 

Allied to A. sublata Walker. The antenne of the male are simple. 
VESPOLA PLUMIPES Schaus. 


1. Chiriquicito (W. Schaus). 


Subfamily HRASTRIIN AL. 
ARZZEOPTERA BETIE, new species. : 

Palpi small, with the front black; tongue yellow. Fore wing with 
outer margin rounded, pointed at apex and middle; white, with 
scattered brown scales; discal dot and a half band before tornus 
dark brown. Hind wing with apical projection, white, with a mesial 
band and two more close to the margin of diffused chocolate-brown 
scales. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two females, No. 15866, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, 
April, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 185 


Allied to A. elam Schaus, described in Acidaliodes, but having 
vein 7 of fore wing stalked, and therefore an Arxoptera. 
ACIDALIODES ENONA Druce. 

7. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck) ; 
Porto Bello, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
ACIDALIODES MELA, new species. 

Palpi rather short and shaggy in front, with the front black; tongue 
yellow. Fore wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked, narrow, entire, apex 
pointed; gray, the costa black, with three interruptions; an elongate 
black discal mark and row of terminal dots; three red dots for inner 
line; four outer faint brownish transverse lines of scales, more or less 
complete. Hind wing with a subbasal black line; a brown line 
beyond the middle and two close to margin. Basal segment of 
abdomen black, the rest gray. Expanse, 9 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15865, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

ACIDALIODES UMBER, new species. 

Thorax light brown, the scales white-tipped. Fore wing excavate 
below apex, brown, the scales white-tipped except over disk; marks 
nearly obsolete; some dark central streaks and blackish dots, indis- 
tinctly connected by luteous in positions of the ordinary lines; a 
row of terminal black dashes, preceded by a white line; fringe with 
black scales at apex and center of margin. Hind wing with broken 
row of black scales beyond base, middle orange shaded band, two 
blackish lines in outer field where the scales are gray-tipped and ter- 
minal white line. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15860, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, May, 1911 
(Busck). 

Allied to A. truncata Hampson. 

ACIDALIODES FLAVIPARS, new species. 

Body shaded with purple dorsally. Fore wing narrow, long, 
broadly purple gray on costal half, with undulating lower edge; inner 
area pale yellow, with orange scales next the purple. Hind wing 
small, pale yellow, narrowly purple at base, followed by red and 
orange irrorations outwardly. Anal tuft pale yellow, preceded by 
red. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15861, U.S.N.M.; Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 

Allied to A. enona Druce. 


DYMBA, new genus. 


Palpi upturned, second joint expanded with scales slightly at tip, 
third moderate, smooth; tongue moderate; front smooth, without 
prominence; vestiture without crests, scaly. Fore wing with vein 3 
from angle of cell, 4-5 stalked, 6 below upper angle of cell, 7-10 
stalked, 7 before 10, 11 free, oblique. Hind wing with 3-4 stalked, 


186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


5 from near center of cross vein, 6-7 stalked, 8 anastomosing with 
cell near base only. 

Type of the genus.—Dymba coryphata, new species. 

DYMBA CORYPHATA, new species. 

Front dark brown, with a black point on each side: vertex lilac 
gray, with central black point, thorax lilac gray, brown-black behind; 
abdomen white, with dorsal row of black specks. Fore wing elon- 
gate, apex pointed, outer margin oblique; ground white, but showing 
only centrally and at apex; base dark purple, with subbasal half 
band and inner band of dark brown; median space irrorate with 
brown and black, leaving a white patch in cell with oblique black 
line beyond it and another on inner margin outwardly; outer line 
indicated by a black band from costa in dense irrorations, which cease 
outwardly, leaving the apex broadly white; a row of terminal black 
dots; fringe tipped with grayish. Hind wing white with scattered 
black scales, forming broken subbasal, mesial, outer and submar- 
ginal lines; some black scales on termen at apex; fringe grayish. 
Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15909, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1911 
(Busck). 

PSEUDOCRASPEDIA LEUCOZONA Hampson. 

1. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 
PSEUDOCRASPEDIA SODIS, new species. 

Palpi slender, small, somewhat shaggy in front, with the front 
black. Fore wing produced at apex and middle; grayish white with 
spots of black scales along the costa; an outer curved white band, a 
shade lighter than the ground; an oblique half band of brown scales 
before tornus. Hind wing pointed subapically and at middle; gray- 
ish white; base and two closely following bands to one-third of wing 
gray; margin broadly gray shaded, leaving a slender white line at 
outer fourth, pointed in the middle and forming two broad arcs; 
another line just before the narrow dark termen. [Expanse, 11 mm. 

Cotypes.—Three females, No. 15869, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, 
March and June, 1912 (Busck). 

PSEUDOCRASPEDIA HOLOPOLIA, new species. 

Dark gray; fore wing with straight oblique central line and more 
slender outer one, slightly divergent toward costa; a shaded sub- 
marginal line, slightly bent and thickened below. Hind wing with 
straight central brown line, fine wavy outer one, followed by a faint 
straight line and broad dark marginal one. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15876, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

PSEUDOCRASPEDIA MATHETES, new species. 

Light gray; fore wing with narrow straight oblique mesial line and 

dark brown blotches forming an irregular band close to margin. 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 187 


OSA Te Pay 2c aE PT LA 
Hind wing with a straight mesial line, the base only shghtly darker 
than the central area; three dark outward lines close together, first 
narrow, other two broad, the last close to margin; outer margin 
straight, but not excavated as in sodis. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Cotypes——Two specimens, No. 15867, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck). 

LYCAUGESIA FUSCICOSTA Hampson. 

4. Lia Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 
1912 (J. Zetek). : 
LYCAUGESIA MELASOMA Hampson. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

LYCAUGESIA HYPOZONATA Hampson. 

10. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

LYCAUGESIA INFANTILIS Schaus. 

2. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck): Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). 

LYCAUGESIA SEMICLARA, new species. 

Fore wing pointed at apex; straw color, irrorated with brownish 
on the costal half; discal mark round, purplish, joined to apex by a 
faint streak; a line of brownish shading before outer margin. Hind 
wing straw color at base, crossed by a line of red scales; outer two- 
thirds lilacine gray, shaded. with dark irrorations in lines. Fore wing 
_ below with Gime dark shade in cell. Expanse, 12 mm. 

fi nype.—Female, No. 15881, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). ; 

Allied to L. homogramma Schaus. 

LYCAUGESIA MICROZALE, new species. 

Reddish brown; costal third of fore wing dark gray, irrorated with 
darker; discal dot black, distinct; some dark dots near base on edge 
of costal shade. Hind wing darker brown, with fine wavy lines of 
red scales; a black dot at apex and one on inner margin; a black 
streak on inner half of outer margin. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15582, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

LYCAUGESIA CALOCHROIA, new species. 

Fore wing yellow, irrorated with orange; a clouded rosy purple 
discal patch, with dark purple dot; a faint purplish patch at base 
of costa. Hind wing with a broad rosy purple curved central band, 
its edges marked by lines of blackish scales. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Cotypes—Four specimens, No. 15883, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, 
April, 1912 (Buseck); Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
LYCAUGESIA EPISTIGMA, new species. 

Fore wing carneous gray, withred dots at base and for inner line; 
a large black discal spot; arow of minute terminal dots. Hind wing 


188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


with wavy lines of red scales, forming faint bands; terminal dots as 
on fore wing. Thorax with red dots and one on vertex of head. 
Expanse, 9 mm. 

Type-—Female, No. 15884, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 


* LYCAUGESIA STIGMALEUCA, new species. 


Pale gray, luteous over disk of fore wing; lines slender, faint, bent, 
oblique on costa; apex dark shaded and longitudinally streaked; 
discal spot distinct, white. Hind wing with two mesial rufous lines, 
filled with gray and followed by a white line; terminal line black. 
Below fore wing shaded gray broadly on costa. Expanse, 12 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15877, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Buseck). 

LYCAUGESIA PSEUDURA, new species. 

Fore wing light brown, markings purplish, light, not contrasted; 
a dark patch at base; inner line very faint; outer slender, dark, fol- 
lowed by a lighter area, strongly excurved in the middle; dark spot- 
ting at apex; a terminal row of small dots. Hind wing faintly lined 
with fulvous; a purplish half band on inner margin and patch on 
lower half of margin, forming a spot in the fringe centrally like a pro- 
jection. Expanse, 12 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15874, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

Near L. hypozonata Hampson in shape and general color. 
LYCAUGESIA GRATIFICULA, new species. 

Fore wing long and narrow, pale yellow, shaded faintly with pur- - 
plish along the costa and outer margin; a darker discal patch and 
faint angled white outer line. Hind wing with pale yellow band 
before middle; base and subterminal area pale purplish; terminal 
area pale red-brown. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Cotypes—Two females, No. 15875, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

Allied to L. teneralis Walker. 

LYCAUGESIA POSTNIGRESCENS, new species. 

Fore wing light violaceous brown, with a few dots and streaks 
representing the usual lines; a subapical black streak is most prom- 
inent. Hind wing heavily shaded with dark over ground color like 
that of fore wing, in irregular blotches, leaving the base, a patch on 
inner margin, and one on outer margin pale; terminal dots on both 
wings. Expanse, 15mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15878, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). 

LYCAUGESIA PERPURPURA, new species. 

Rich rosy purple; fringes of both wings ocher; fore wing with dark 

discal spot and zigzag white subterminal line; terminal row of dark 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYVAR. 189 


spots. Hind wing with two well-separated curved dark purple lines; 
terminal dots more distinct than on fore wing. Below, dark fuscous. 
Expanse, 13 mm. 

Type-—Female, No. 15879, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

LYCAUGESIA HEMIPENNIS, new species. 

Fore wing long and narrow; dark gray; inner line relieved by 
whitish on lower half; a narrow white upright discal dash with wavy 
white line below it to margin; subterminal zigzag white line; no ter- 
minal dots. Hind wing small, pale yellow. Fringes of both wings 
long, whitish. Below, fore wing gray, hind wing white. Expanse, 
11 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15880, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Buseck). 

LYCAUGESIA SEMIBLANDA, new species. 

Close to L. gratificula Dyar, differing chiefly in the presence of a 
broad gray costal shade on fore wing, similar to the shade on outer 
margin, half inclosing the discal dot. Expanse, 12 mm. 

Type—F¥emale, No. 16029, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, 
November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

LYCAUGESIA MONOSTELLA, new species. 

Grayish purple; fore wing with a yellow patch on basal third of 
inner margin, a large yellow discal mark and trace of a similar mark 
subterminally, all the yellow irrorated with red; indistinct black dots 
along costa and toward base of wing, representing the inner line. 
Hind wing with a small yellow and red discal dot, a fairly distinct 
blackish mesial line touchihg it, and scattered black specks beyond 
representing the outer line. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type.—Female No. 16030, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River March, 1912 
(Busck). 

ORUZA LEUCOCRASPIS Hampson. 

2. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 

1912 (Busck). 


ARAOPTERELLA, new genus. 


Venation of Arzoptera Hampson except that vein 11 arises from 
the cell; palpi upturned, the third joint reaching about to vertex of 
head, continuously scaled with the second joint; front smooth; eyes 
large; tongue well developed; thorax clothed with scales, without 
crests; abdomen without crests. 

Type of the genus.—Areopterella miscidisce, new species. 
ARAOPTERELLA MISCIDISCE, new seeeieas 

Front and palpi black; vertex, thorax, and abdomen and fore 
wing pale gray. Fore wing more whitish toward costa, shaded with 
olivaceous gray outwardly, relieving a white subterminal band and 


190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


white dots before the small black terminal ones; ordinary lines obso- 
lete; a black dot at middle of costa; a white shade for outer line, 
regularly curved. Hind wing with light-brown shading beyond the 
middle, relieving a diffuse white discal patch; mesial and outer lines 
of white scales; termen as on fore wing, without the black dots; 
fringe concolorous. Expanse, 16 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16031, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, June, 1913 
(Buseck). 
EUBLEMMA CINNAMOMEA Herrich-Schaffer. 

8. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 


CHAROBLEMMA, new genus. 


Fore wing with veins 8-10 stalked; frons without prominence; 
abdomen without crests; proboscis well developed; palpi oblique, 
the second joint fringed above with hair toward extremity; hind 
wing with vein 8 anastomosing with the cell near base, vems 3—4 
stalked, 5 well below angle of discocellulars. 

Type of the genus.—Charoblemma unilinea, new species. 
CHAROBLEMMA UNILINEA, new species. 

Fore wing straw-color; a broad, oblique brown-black band from 
apex to basal third of inner margin, the space beyond it carneous 
shaded; margin brown-black. Beneath the shade is repeated, and 
there is another in the cell, as described for Hublemma flavia by Hamp- 
son. Hind wing straw-color, carneous tinted toward the margin. 
Expanse, 12 mm. 

Type-—Female, No. 15864, U.S.N.M.;’ La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

CHAROBLEMMA OPISTHOMELA, new species. 

Straw color; fore wing with slight purplish tint and an oblique 
line of black dots nearly coincident with a dull olivaceous band from 
beyond middle of inner margin to costa before apex. Hind wing pale 
stramineous. A black patch on posterior part of thorax. Expanse, 
11 mm. 

Type-—Male, No. 15868, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, February, 
1912 (Busck). 

ANABLEMMA LEBANA Schaus. 

3. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); 
Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 

ANABLEMMA ZIHA Schaus. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
ANABLEMMA PALLIOLA, new species. 

Fore wing pointed subapically; brownish straw color, the costa 
and margin marked with a few dark scales and a small spot on inner 
margin at outer fifth; markings obsolete, represented by a few unde- 


No. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 191 


fined scales. Hind wing yellowish, with central dark discal spot. 
Expanse, 14 mm. 

Type——Male, No. 15870, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

Allied to A. ztha Schaus. 

PROROBLEMMA PHILOGONIA, new species. 

Fore wing pointed at apex, projecting at middle of outer margin 
and prominently angled at middle of inner margin, especially in 
males, which have also a tuft of yellow scales on inner margin of hind 
wing. Straw color in male, rosy in female, densely, finely irrorated 
with gray, leaving a white outer line prominently excurved below 
costa; two minute black dots in cell; fringe dark brown. Hind 
wing yellowish in the male, fuscous tinted in female, with minute 
terminal dots. Expanse, 15-16 mm. 

Cotypes.—Five males, 2 females, No. 15871, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

Allied to P. rosea Schaus. 

PROROBLEMMA CUPREISPILA, new species. 

Fore wing broadly triangular, outer margin evenly convex; top of 
head white; fore wing purplish, shading to coppery red about tornus, 
finely irrorated; a curved faint dark outer line and minute discal 
mark. Hind wing fuscous shaded, with traces of mesial band and 
discal dot, more distinct below. Expanse, 14 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15872, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

PROROBLEMMA PORPHYREA, new species. 

Fore wing brilliant purple, a darker brown clouding on costa about 
outer line; outer line dark, excurved below costa; discal dot round, 
dark; a row of terminal black dots; fringe brown. Hind wing fus- 
cous with terminal dots. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15873, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
MICROBLEMMA DISCIPUNCTA Hampson. 

3. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

The specimens are females, agreeing well with Hampson’s descrip- 
tion and figure. 

MICROBLEMMA ULOPUS, new species. 

Fore wing yellowish brown, irrorated with fuscous, more densely 
on margin; a large round brown discal spot; costa dark brown, as 
also terminal dots and traces of inner and curved outer bands; a brown 
mark at base of inner margin. Hind wing fuscous, lighter on disk. 
Hind legs with the tarsi shorter than the tibie, with a long, dense 
fringe of scales on the upper side of tibia and all but last two tarsal 
joints, dark brown, crested with white on first two joints of tarsi. 
Expanse, 12 mm. 


192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


Cotypes.—Two males, No. 15904, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck). 

This is possibly the male of MM. discipuncta Hampson; fuller mate- 
rial will be needed to decide. 


GELENIPSA, new genus. 


Frons smooth; tongue obsolete; palpi slender, smooth, oblique, 
not reaching vertex; antennee of ae with long slender pectinations; 
fore wing short pal broad, costa arched, cell long, veins 4—5 from a 
point, 7-10 stalked, 9 absent, 11 from ell; hind wing with 3, 4 sepa- 
rate, 5 from middle of discocellulars. 

Type of the genus.—G@elenipsa psychodidarum, new species. 
GELENIPSA PSYCHODIDARDUM, new species. 

Vertex and collar nearly white; disk of thorax dark brown. Fore 
wing gray, irrorated with brown and black; a patch of coppery red 
scales on outer margin; lower median space broadly red-brown, 
defined by a dentate subterminal line, beyond which is an area of 
glaucous green with two black patches centrally next the coppery 
patch; toward base a patch of green on costa and on internal margin, 
followed by a black shade on costa, the base itself dark brown. Hind 
wing of the male fuscous shaded, darker on the margin; in the female 
all dark fuscous. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Cotypes.—Five males, one female, No. 15905, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad 
River, March and June, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, oe Lc kOdD 
(Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

PARANGITIA SUBRUFESCENS Kaye. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912. 
PARANGITIA CIRCUMCINCTA, new species. 

Hind wing of the male with modified discal and submedian felds 
as in Angitia tiresias Druce. Body ocher brown. Fore wing oliva- 
ceous brown, the inner line broad, black, curved, joining the outer 
along inner margin, which is curved, slightly Sone and doubled 
outwardly by a narrow line; reniform, claviform, and orbicular simi- 
lar, pale, gray-outlined, not contrasted; subterminal area narrowly 
gray with black shading. Hind wing black-brown, with a dash above 
tornus. Submedian fold whitish. Expanse, 28 mm. 

Type——Male, No. 15859, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

ANGITIA ATTINA Druce. 

1. Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 
ANGITIA TRISTIGMA, new species. 

Fore wing with median and basal spaces black-shaded, irrorate with 
purplish scales; lines obscured; orbicular, claviform and reniform 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 193 


rounded, similar, in a triangular group, dull olivaceous centered, 
whitish edged; outer line black, slender, dentate, excurved over cell, 
followed by a broad olivaceous shade to margin, which is obscured by 
blackish centrally and preceded by whitish at tornus. Hind wing 
black-brown, fringe paler. Expanse, 26-28 mm. 

Cotypes—One male, one female, No. 15893, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck). 

CHALENATA USTATA Druce. 

10. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 
(Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
July, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

CHALENATA USTATINA, new species. 

Very similar to C. ustata Druce; smaller, the hind wing clear straw- 
color with very little brown irroration; marginal area of fore wing 
with lighter ground, the bands better relieved, not diffused. Expanse, 
15-16 mm. 

Cotypes.—One male, one female, No. 15894, U.S.N.M.; selected from 
a series of eight; Paraiso, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck); Porto 
Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, 
Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 

Except for the fact that these were taken at the same places and 
times as ustata, I should consider them small individuals of that spe- 
cies, so slight are the differences. 

CHALENEATA QUELLA, new species. 

Male antenne pectinate. Fore wing dark gray-brown, nearly 
unmarked; lines pale, dusky edged, subparallel, wavy, indistinct, the 
outer tinged with a reddish shade; discal dot minute, black; a row 
of terminal black dots. Hind wing blackish fuscous with terminal 
black dots and pale fringe. Expanse, 19 mm. 

Cotypes.—Four males, one female, No. 15897, U.S.N.M.; La Chor- 
rera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

ORTHOLEUCA ALBILUNA Hampson. 
23. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


VIA, new genus. 


Frons with rounded conical prominence; thorax and abdomen 
without crests; proboscis moderately developed; palpi slender, up- 
turned, reaching vertex, the second joint fringed with scales below, 
third smooth. Fore wing with veins 3 and 4 from near angle of cell, 
5 somewhat above, 7 from apex of cell, 8-10 stalked, 11 oblique, free; 
hind wing with 3 and 4 connate, 5 slightly below middle of discocel- 
lulars, 6 and 7 from apex of cell, 8 anastomosing with cell near base. 

Type of the genus.— Via vindicia, new species. 

34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——13 


194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


VIA VINDICIA, new species. 

Head partly white-scaled on vertex; thorax and abdomen dark 
purple brown; fore wing of this color, glossy; inner line yellowish 
white, curved, slightly irregular, distinct; outer line similar, but 
faint, showing a dot on costa and line above inner margin, occluded 
centrally; three white specks on costa before apex. Hind wing 
bronzy black. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Cotypes.—Eight specimens, No. 15908, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, 
May, 1912 (Busck); Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 
ERASTRIODES EMARGINATA Hampson. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). 

AMYNA OCTO Guenee. 
1. Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 


PRODOSIA, new genus. 


Fore wing with accessory cell, vein 10 arising from its upper side, 
11 free; fore tibis: unarmed; front of head without prominence; 
abdomen with small dorsal crest at base and one on third segment; 
thorax without crests; palpi upturned, the third joint long and 
exceeding vertex. 

Type of the genus.—Prodosia mycha, new species. 

PRODOSIA MYCHA, new species. 

Fore wing with the basal three-fifths yellow-brown, followed by a 
whitish line with two small teeth near costa; the rest of the wing 
purplish black; subterminal line more or less evident, gently excurved 
on its middle third. Hind wing blackish fuscous. Expanse, 13-14 
mm. 

Cotypes.—Six specimens, No. 15895, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, February, 1912 (Busck). 

Possibly the wings are green when fresh. All the specimens are 

somewhat worn. 
GRZPERIA COSTALIS Walker. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
DIASTEMA TIGRIS Guenée. 

20. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); 
Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 
(J. Zetek and C. P. Crafts). 

DIASTEMA ARGILLOPHORA, new species. : 

Fore wing squarely pointed at apex, outer margin a little concave 
just below apex; straw-color; a broad creamy white area at base 
sends out a finger-shaped process centrally to middle of wing, edged 
by a dark brown shaded line; outer line creamy white, edged within 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 195 


by brown, slightly excurved in its central third, joined to apex by an 
oblique white shade, followed by a broad purple-brown shade; a row 
of small terminal dots; veins on a broad costal area finely lined with 
white. Hind wing shaded with purple-fuscous outwardly; terminal 
dots as on fore wing. Expanse, 21-23 mm. 
Cotypes.—One male, seven females, No. 15907, U.S.N.M.; Porto 
Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
Different in wing-shape and pattern from the other Diastema and 
with the front much more strongly prominent. 
LITHACODIA MERTA Schaus. 
_ 4, Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, May, 1912 (Busck). 


MICROPHEA NYCTICHROA Hampson. 
9. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


TROGOTORNA PERSECTA Hampson. 

1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck). 
DROBETA BREPHUS, new species. 

Fore wing dark brown, irrorate with lighter scales, the markings 
obliterate; beyond the outer line a light creamy shade, irregularly 
broken, extending to apex where it is cut by a dark spot; a small 
light spot in reniform; a black double streak on upper third of outer 
margin. Hind wing dark blackish brown. Expanse, 16 mm. 

Cotypes.—Three males, No. 15892, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck). 

EUSTROTIA PULMONA Dyar. 

3. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
OZARBA OPLORA, new species. 

Fore wing deep brown on basal half, rosy brown outwardly; reni- 
form rosy brown, included in a space limited by the double projec- 
tion of the outer line on veins 6 and 7; outer line whitish, regularly 
incurved below vein 6; a black dash following the incisure; sub- 
terminal line dusky, slightly waved, followed by a light narrow space. 
Hind wing blackish fuscous. Expanse, 15 mm. 

Cotypes.—One male, two females, No. 15898, U.S.N.M.; La Chor- 
rera, May, 1912 (Busck); Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck); Cor- 
ozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 

Allied to Ozarba tilora Dyar (Erastria tilora Dyar,') but smaller, 
darker, the markings less relieved, the outer line less drawn in on costa. 
Also allied to Ozarba catilina Druce (Eustrotia catilina Druce?), but 


1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 42, 1912, p. 75. 
* Biol. Cent.-Amer., Lep. Het., vol. 2, 1889, p. 312; Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. Brit. Mus., vol. 10, 1910, 
D. 598. 


196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 47. 


this has a distinct black costal patch beyond the outer line. Also 
allied to O. agraria Schaus, but less closely.’ 
COBUBATHA NUMA Druce.? 

3. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

COBUBATHA PAIDICA, new species. 

Fore wing dark brown at base, followed by a broad, slightly 
oblique, pale lilacine band containing a reddish line; median area 
brown shaded, lighter terminally with long black subapical streaks. 
Hind wing dark fuscous with pale fringe. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15888, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, February, 1912 
(Busck). 

The specimen is in poor condition, so the markings can not be seen 
in detail. 

COBUBATHA QUADRIFERA Zeller. 

11. Porto Bello, April, 1911 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, May, 
1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

The patch on inner margin is brown, not black. The specimens 
are all smaller than the usual size of North American ones. 
COBUBATHA ICRIA, new species. 

Fore wing dark brown at base, followed by a silvery lilaceous band; 
median space dark brown, curved within, straight without, indis- 


1 Modifications of the oplora type occur to the southward. Of these, one is— 


OZARBA HEMITECTA, new species. 

Base of fore wing solidly dark brown, the lines nearly obscured; coarsely waved inner and median lines 
visible; lower half of terminal space, except on the margin, light ocherous; reniform yellowish with a black 
spot below it inclosed by the outer line, which is shortly angled on costa, excurved over cell, with two 
blunt teeth at veins 5 and 6; apex dark; subterminal line pale, irregular, illy defined. Hind wing dark 
fuscous. Expanse, 17 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15899, U.S.N.M.; Aroa, Venezuela (Schaus collection). 

Finally the teeth of the outer line are obliterated and it becomes simply excurved as in Ozarba vicina 
Schaus and — 


OZARBA BASCURA, new species. 

Photedes bascura Schaus, MS. 

Fore wing dark purplish brown at base; basal line forming three scallops, the central one heavy; inner 
line faint; median more distinct, slender, black, forming an outward projection below cell and a slight 
angle on vein 1; shortly beyond it the dark color is replaced by pale ocherous, the limiting line forming a 
projection below cell; the outer pale area is crossed by about four finely wavy red lines, of which the sub- 
terminal is shaded with blackish; a truncate triangular costal dark patch; reniform reddish, in a large 

“nearly circular area, With small dark points outwardly. Hind wing dark fuscous. Expanse, 19 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 10547, U.S.N.M.; Sao Paulo, Brazil (Schaus collection). 

2 This species is represented southward by a similar but specifically distinct form. 


COBUBATHA PINAX, new species. 

Fore wing gray-brown, without ocherous tint; patch on inner margin truncate-conical, with a small 
wedge-shaped mark on costa; a small black dot near base; marks distinctly edged with dull silvery lines; 
reniform large, pale silvery gray; outer line faint, dark, slender, sharply incurved at reniform and broadly 
so below; a broad subterminal silvery gray slightly flexuous line; termen narrowly black, toothed opposite 
cell and submedian. Hind wing blackish brown, fringe whitish. Expanse, 16 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15885, U.S.N.M.; Loja, Ecuador (Coll. P. Dognin). 


3COBUBATHA PERIUSIA, new species. 

Fore wing blackish on basal third, with a few lilacine scales, followed by a broad band of sordid ochery 
brown; bordering this a narrow curved band of deep brown; terminal half of wing blackish, washed with 
purple, a little mottled with lighter subterminally; a pale spot on costa at apex. Hind wing black-brown, 
thefringe dark. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type.—F emale, No. 15889, U.S.N.M.; Tucuman, Argentina, December, 1905 (E. Dinelli). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 197 


tinctly cut below cell by an obliquely longitudinal pale ray, the cos- 
tal segment triangular, followed by a slightly oblique band of silvery 
lilaceous; terminal area coppery brown with lilacine scales and a 
black patch near middle of margin; terminal edge coppery brown, 
fringe black and purple. Hind wing black, a little lighter on the 
disk, fringe whitish. Below, hind wing gray, rufous tinged out- 
wardly, with discal dot, outer curved dark band and slender sub- 
marginal one. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type-—Female, No. 15887, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 
1912 (Busck). 

COBUBATHA ORTHODOXICA, new species. 

Fore wing light gray in ground, shining, overlaid with dark atoms 
and with dark markings; inner and outer lines wavy, curved, filled in 
with blackish in lower half; reniform pale, with dark spot preceding; 
base darkly marked; a black spot before center of outer margin; 
a row of silver streaks on costa outwardly. Hind wing brown-black. 
Expanse, 10-11 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 15886, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal 
Zone, July, 1912 (C. P. Crafts, J. Zetek). 

COBUBATHA PAISTION, new species. 

Basal half of fore wing pale creamy with reddish tint; outer half 
purple-brown; base shaded with purple scales, costa outwardly with 
pale dots; a median darker band edging the purple area within; a 
narrow pale line on terminal edge. Hind wing fuscous. Expanse, 
10 mm. 

Cotypes.—Five specimens, No. 15890, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck). 

COBUBATHA SUBTERMINATA Hampson. 

7. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
COBUBATHA TORTRICOPSIS, new species. 

Basal half of wing blackish, ending in a median angle; outer area 
pale grayish, with faint carneous tint; apex darkly shaded, with four 
small silvery white oblique costal streaks, the inner one the longest; 
terminal edge black. Hind wing fuscous. Expanse, 8-9 mm. 

_ Cotypes.—Two males, No..15891, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, Feb- 
ruary, 1912 (Busck). 
TARACHIDIA CARMELITA, new species. 

Male.—F¥ore wing sordid yellowish white; base olive gray ; a median 
band of olive gray, oblique, touching a faint discal mark; a similar 
outer band crossed by the curved outer line, black and shaded above 
in its outcurve, fainter below; a black speck on fringe at upper third 
and one at tornus. Hind wing fuscous shaded on margin and veins; 
fringe pale. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Female.—Fore wing less yellowish, sordid white; bands as in the 
male but broader, the outer one shading almost to margin; discal 


198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


dark patch joined to median band. Hind wing dark fuscous. 
Expanse, 15 mm. 

Cotypes.—Three males, two females, No. 15900, Alhajuelo, April, 
1911 (Busck). 

Resembles Eublemma minima Guenée (=carmelita Morrison) in 
general appearance. 

HELIOCONTIA PERSTRUCTANA Walker. 

3. Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek and C. P. Crafts). 
HELIOCONTIA APICELLA Grote. 

6. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck) ; 
Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 WJ. Zetek). 

HELIOCONTIA MARGANA Fabricius. 

15. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck) ; La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck) ; 
Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck) ; Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 
(J. Zetek). 

HELIOCONTIA LEPUS CONCORDENS, new subspecies. 

Fore wing with dark brown patch at base; beyond blackish brown, 
shading lighter to termen, where it is very narrowly yellow; a narrow 
yellow subcostal dash centrally; a black spot on termen. Hind 
wing black. Expanse, 16 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15863, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, August, 1912 
(Busck). 

The female is exactly like the male, not dimorphic. I think this is 
really specifically distinct from lepus Guenée, but as Hampson 
includes under the synonymy faragma Schaus and inversa Schaus, 
equally distinct, I describe this as a subspecies only, for the time 
being. 

SPRAGUEIA DAMA Guenée. 

9. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); 
Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (C. P. Crafts, J. Zetek). 

XANTHOPTERA BOTYCIDES Guenée. 

4. Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck); Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
June, 1912 (Busck). 

XANTHOPTERA AURIFERA Walker. 

8. Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck) ; La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

XANTHOPTERA INTENSIFICA, new species. 

Fore wing deep orange yellow, the outer line distinct, curved, 
reddish; discal dots minute or absent; the dark gray terminal line in 
fringe narrow. Hind wing orange-fuscous. Expanse, 15-17 mm. 

Cotypes.—Three males, one female, No. 15862, U.S.N.M.; La 
Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck) ; 
Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

XANTHOPTERA NIGROFIMBRIA Guenée. 

15. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); 

Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts). 


No. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 199 


Subfamily HULTELIIN 40. 
EUTELIA AURATRIX Walker. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
EUTELIA ABSCONDENS Walker. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

PZCTES CIRCULARIS Herrich-Schaffer. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
PAECTES FUSCESCENS Walker. 

2. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, 
February, 1911 (Busck). 

PZCTES PHLOISMA, new species. 

Fore wing gray; inner and outer lines shaded with green; basal 
space narrowly light gray, with blackish below and on costa, not 
sharply marked, the inner line indistinct ; orbicular and reniform pale, 
black-ringed; mesial line slender, black, excurved over reniform, 
coarsely dentate below; outer line triple, excurved over cell, outer 
segment dentate and followed by a brown-stained streak below 
vein 6; apex light gray, preceded by a black shade; subterminal line 
faint, pale. Hind wing black, fringe spotted with whitish; a small 
pale mark above margin; inner margin streaked with black and 
white. Expanse, 25 mm. 

Type—No. 15910, U.S.N.M.; selected from a series of twelve; 
Cabima, May, 1911. (Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 
(Busck). 

Size and markings of P. areusa Walker, but without the red tint, 
the basal markings and lines diffused. 

PZCTES PANBALLA, new species. 

Brownish gray; fore wings with the lines marked with somewhat 
metallic green; basal space dark, green without; inner line black, 
indented subcostally and on vein 1, followed by dull lilacine ; median 
space nearly devoid of markings, the stigmata obsolescent; outer 
line excurved over cell, black, slender, preceded by lilacine and 
followed by green, indented on vein 1; a subapical dark patch, the 
apex itself pale; four black dashes subterminally. Hind wing largely 
blackish. Expanse, 29 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15911, U.S.N.M.; Chiriqui (Schaus collection). 

Allied to P. canofusa Hampson, but without the white mottlings, 
the lines distinct and not confused. 


Subfamily STICTOPTERIN 4. 
STICTOPTERA VITREA Guenée. 
10. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
March, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
Five of the females may be referable to C. fenestra Guenée, but as 
there is no male of this species among the Panama collections, the 
reference can not be made positively. 


200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. You. 47. 


STICTOPTERA CLARA Cramer. 

19. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
February, 1911 (Busck); Gapena) May, 1911 ee aa Menidad 
River, June, 1912 (Busck). 

STICTOPTERA HETEROGRAMMA Hampson. 
1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck). 


Subfamily SARROTHRIPIN 2. 
CHARACOMA NILOTICA Rogenhofer. 

15. Porto Bello, February and March, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, 
April, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1912 (Busck). 
LOPHOSEMA PURPURASCENS Schaus. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

CASANDRIA METAPHAEA Hampson. 
5. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
CASANDRIA CHIRICA Schaus. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
CASANDRIA LEUCOPIS Schaus. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Buse). 

The single specimen is a female and much rubbed, but I think refer- 
able to this species. 

CASANDRIA INTERSTITIA, new species. 

Similar to leuwcopis, more shaded with dark red; reniform mark 
larger; lines similar, mesial line forming a coarser zigzag below; 
subterminal spots distinct and separated, not shaded together, pre- 
ceded rather than followed by vine shading. Hind wing with 
broader fuscous border. 

Type.—Female, No. 15912, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

A male from Guapiles, Costa Rica (W. Schaus), has more white 
shading, especially preceding the subterminal spots. Hind wing 
pure white to the margin without terminal line. 

CASANDRIA ABSEUZALIS Walker. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
CASANDRIA FUGAX, new species. 

Fore wing rather dark soiled gray, the veins indicated; lines 
slender, black, the inner curved, a little angled but not dislocated; 
median line visible below cell, coarsely toothed; reniform circular 
with central reddish dot; outer line indistinct; subterminal dots 
clouded. Hind wing pure white. Espanse, 26 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, No. 15913, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); Porto Bello, May, 1911 (Busck). 

CASANDRIA ILLEGITIMA, new species. 

Fore wing like fugaz, rather darker and more sordid. Hind wing 
translucent, opalescent, entirely shaded with smoky black, the veins 
darker. Expanse, 25 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15914, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 201 


CASANDRIA MURORA, new species. 

Dark gray; terminal space broadly lighter and containing the sub- 
terminal dashes, pointed, subsagittate; basal space a little darker, 
edged by a curved line, the other lines obsolete; discal venules dark; 
reniform indicated, pale, with central dot. Hind wing white, with 
gray border on termen and ends of veins, broader in the female than 
in the male. Expanse, 26 mm. 

Cotypes—Male and female, No. 15915, U.S.N.M.; Paraiso, Canal 
Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Bocas del Toro, April, 1907 (W. 
Schaus). 

CASANDRIA GRISELDA, new species. 

Smooth dark gray with reddish tint; lines much asin abseuzalis but 
eray, faint, scarcely legible on the dark ground; subterminal dots 
sagittate and subconfluent, black, distinct, forming a dentate sub- 
terminal line; terminal dashes obscure. Hind wing fuscous, veins 
darker. Expanse, 24-26 mm. 

Cotypes —Three females, No. 15917, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck); Orizaba, Mexico (Schaus collection); Aroa, Venezuela 
(Schaus collection). 

CASANDRIA ARZA Schaus. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 

A badly rubbed female, but I think certainly to be this species. 
CASANDRIA FLOTSAMA, new species. 

Gray; fore wing stained with reddish, all the marks obliterated, 
only a large irregular reniform ring in dull red, formed by a segment 
of the outer line distantly bordering the reniform spot, as this marking 
is modified in steniptera Schaus; dark streaks at base; a dark gray 
clouded subterminal shade, rising broadly on inner margin, narrowing 
above, edged outwardly by a little pale gr ay. Hind wing dark 
Sosgo. Expanse, 20 mm. 

Type—Female, No. 15918, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 
1912 (Busck). 

CASANDRIA SIOPERA, new species. 

Costa gray in and beyond cell; subterminal line blurred, dentate; 
the rest of the wing carneous gray, the lines faintly indicated in dark 
red; reniform round, pale with red center. Hind wing pure white in 
the male, with broad blackish border in female, running up along the 
veins. Expanse, 26 mm. 

Cotypes——Two specimens, No. 15916, selected from a series of 
twelve; La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Cordoba, Mexico, May, 
1906 (W. Schaus); Orizaba, Mexico (Schaus collection and R. 
Miller). 

Sir G. F. Hampson examined one of the Mexican specimens and 
pronounced it to be his C. hematopis, described from Argentina. It 
appears to me to differ in the presence of the heavy gray costal shade 


202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


and in the course of the lines, to judge by Hampson’s figure and de- 
scription. His male specimen from San Salvador is probably the 
present species. 
ISCADIA LEENA Druce. 

Gadirtha (?) lena Druce, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Lep. Het., vol. 2, 1898, p. 508. 

4. Porto Bello, March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

The present species does not agree well with the characterization 
of the subfamily ‘‘retiaculum of male bar-shaped,” the structure 
being a fold, twice as wide as long. But as Casandria stroca Schaus 
has an entirely similar structure and Jscadia aperta Walker has no 
retinaculum at all, the species may be included here among the other 
exceptions. 

MEDAVA DIMINUTA, new species. 

Fore wing whitish gray, shaded with purple at base and narrowly 
along costa; inner line slender, denticulate, broken into three black 
points in the cell; outer line denticulate, followed by whitish, starting 
from costa above the large annular reniform, making a broad half 
circle to below reniform, then to inner margin; subterminal line 
blackish, denticulate; terminal dots small, in a purplish shade. Hind 
wing black on the margin, pale over the disk; frmge whitish. Ex- 
panse, 18 mm. 

Type-——Male, No. 15919, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, June, 
1912 (Busck). 

Hampson’s diagnosis of the genus Medava in his key * is in error in 
placing it in the section ‘‘ Palpi with the third joint long and dilated 
at extremity.’’ This joint is really short, as described on page 450. 


EGCHIRETES, new genus. 


Fore wing with veins 7-8 from end of accessory cell, 9 absent, 10 
from top of accessory eell, 11 free. Hind wing with 4 absent, 3 and 5 
from cell. Palpi with the second joint fringed above with hair toward 
extremity, third jomt moderate, tapered. Fore wing convex at base 
as in Sarrothripa. 

Type of the genus.—Egchiretes nomimus, new species. 

EGCHIRETES NOMIMUS, new species. 

Dark gray; fore wing with a white patch on inner margin at basal 
third; subbasal line double, slender, blackish, from costa to sub- 
median; black dashes on subcostal and a spot on submedian; inner 
line blackish, waved, filled by whitish; two black discal points in a 
white spot, followed by a white streak toward apex; outer line black, 
fine, single, denticulate, gently curved, with an inward dentation at 
vein 2, followed by white; subterminal line whitish, preceded by 
fuscous, broken by a white spot below costa; minute terminal black 


1Cat. Lep. Phal. Brit. Mus., vol. 11, 1912, p. 223. 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 203 


dots joined by a slender line. Hind wing grayish black. Expanse, 
18 mm. 

Type—Female, No. 15920, U.S.N.M.; Alhajuelo, April, 1911 
(Busck). 


Norr.—For the remaining subfamilies of the Noctuide, namely, 
the Catocaline, Plusiine, Noctuine, and Hypenine, the indispens- 
able volumes of Sir G. F. Hampson’s Catalogue of the Lepidoptera 
Phalenz were not available at the time of writing. Two are before 
me as proof is read, but to use them would require a complete 
resetting of the type. In the following the subfamilies and genera 
will be found mixed, the arrangement being provisional. Mr. Wil- 
liam Schaus has worked over the Hypeninez, but I am unable to in- 
corporate his results in this paper. 


Subfamily PLUSIIN®. 

PLUSIA VERRUCA Fabricius. 

1. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck). 
PLUSIA ROGATIONIS Guenée. 

2. Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 
CONCANA HOSHEA Druce. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
CONCANA LECTA Schaus. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
ORZSIA EXCITANS Walker. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
GONODONTA GINALDUS Guenée. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
GONODONTA IMMACULA Guenée. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911. 


GONODONTA PYRGO Cramer. 
1. Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 


Subfamily H YBLABHIN A. 
HYBLAEA PUERA Cramer. 
2. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
SOSXETRA GRATA Walker. 
4. Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck). 


Subfamily NOCTUIN 4*. 


EREBUS ORORA Linnaeus. 

5. Paraiso, Canal Zone, May, 1911 (Busck); Ancon, Canal Zone 
(O. Celestino, B. G. Ireno). 
LETIS MYCERINA Fabricius. 

5. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
March, 1911 (Busck). 


204 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 47. 


LETIS HERCYNA Drury. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
LETIS TIASA Druce. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
LETIS HERCULIA Cramer. 

7. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, Feb- 
ruary, 1911 (Busck). 
LETIS MAGNA Snellen. 

5. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, Feb- 
ruary and March, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
LATEBRARIA AMPHIPYROIDES Walker. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 

MAZAEZLA RELATA Walker. 

1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck). 
AZETA RHODOGASTER Guenée. 

5. Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 
OBROATIS OCELLATA Butler. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

PEOSINA NUMERIA Drury. 
1. Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 
BOLINA FASCIOLARIS Guenée. 

2. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, 
June, 1911 (Busck). 

MELIPOTIS JANUARIS Guenée. 

8. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, Feb- 
ruary, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
BENDIS FORMULARIS Hiibner. 

5. Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, May, 
1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
July, 1912 WJ. Zetek). 

BENDIS SIAHA Schaus. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1911 (Busck). 
HYPOCALA ANDREMONA Cramer. 

3. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, 
May, 1912 (Busck). 


OPHISMA PRITANIS Cramer. 
1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 


OPHISMA ABLUNARIS Guenée. 
1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
OPHISMA DIATONICA Mischler. 
1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, June, 1911 (Busck). 


. CCNIPETA LOBULIGERA Guenée. 


2. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, May, 1911 
(Busck). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 205 


CCNIPETA TANAIS Cramer. 

2. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January and February, 1911 (Busck). 
CC@:NIPETA COMPETRIX Hiibner. 

26. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
February, 1911 (Busck). 

CCNIPETA LIBITRIX Hiibner. 

1. Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck). 
CCENIPETA SERAPIS Cramer. 

7. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 
1911 (Buseck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
June, 1912 (Busck). 

NOROPSIS HIEROGLYPHICA Cramer. 

6. Trinidad River, February, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, Au- 
gust and November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

MASSALA IMITANS Walker. 

4, Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, March, 
1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

CEROMAERA TYMBER Cramer. 

3. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
April, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

CEROMAERA ARDALUS Druce. 

1. Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck). 
CAMPOMETRA LAURENA Schaus. 

6. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
February, 1911 (Busck). 

CAMPOMETRA PACIFICA ‘Walker. 

1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck). 

This differs from laurena only in having a black shade in lower 
half of median space. 

CAMPOMETRA SUBLUCIDA Walker. 

1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
CAMPOMETRA MERETRICIA Schaus. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
ITHONIA EXPONENS Walker. 

2. Taboga Island, February, 1912,and June, 1911 (Busck). 
LEPIDODES LIMBULATA Guenée. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

OLYSSA DARES Cramer. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
GALEPHA AZETA Druce. 

1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck). 
SELENIS GALLINAGO Felder and Rogenhofer. 


2. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 47. 


PARACHABORA ABYDAS Warren. 
2. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Perto Bello, 
February, 1911 (Busck). 
TETRATOCERA ERYCATA Cramer. 
3. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
CHAMINA HOMICHLODES Hiibner. 
3. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
FOCILLA GUERINI Guenée. 
1. Panama City, April, 1913 (B. G. Ireneo). 
ISOGONA ZOLIA Druce. 
1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
ISOGONA NATATRIX Guenée. 
1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
FOCILLA INCONSTANS Schaus. 
1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck). 
CAPNODES LOTHOS Cramer. 
2. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck), 
CAPNODES APICATA Schaus. 
2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
CAPNODES CHICA Schaus. 
1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
CAPNODES FLAGRANS Walker. 
1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
CAPNODES DISTACTA Hiibner. 
1. Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1912 (Busck). 


CAPNODES RUFINANS Guenée. 

3. Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck). 
CAPNODES DEOIS Schaus. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busch). 
CAPNODES MODESTA Butler. 

5. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, 
February, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); 
Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 

CAPNODES BARINE Schaus. 

3. Corozal, Canal Zone, June, August and November, 1912 (Busck). 
CAPNODES SUFFICIENS Walker. 

1. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 

CAPNODES MELIS Schaus. 
1. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 
CAPNODES PHEDRA Schaus. 

1. Corozal, Canal Zone, November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 
CAPNODES MUNDICOLA Walker. 

2. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 207 


CAPNODES TYROE Schaus. 
1. Taboga Island, August, 1911 (Busck). 
CAPNODES PALLIFASCIENS Walker. 
1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
CAPNODES ANTHEA Schaus. 
3. Trinidad River, March and June, 1912 (Busck); Taboga Island, 
June, 1911 (Busck). 
CAPNODES ALCINOE Druce. 
1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
DAGASSA MARGINATA Warren. 
4. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 
DAGASSA CURVILINEA Druce. 
1. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck). 
DAGASSA CROCEICEPS Walker. 
10. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 
1912 (Busck). 
SELENIS SUERO Cramer. 
3. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
SELENIS SUEROIDES Guenée. 
1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
SELENIS HERMELINA Guenée. 
4. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). 
EPHYRODES BIPUNCTATA Walker. 
2. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Taboga Island, June, 1911 
(Busck). 
HYPOGRAMMA DAMONA Cramer. 
2. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck). 
BARYDIA JAPETA Cramer. 
1. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 
SAFIA MINTA Schaus. 
1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
AZATHA MARCELLINA Cramer. 
1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
ORSA FLAVA Schaus. 
2. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
February, 1911 (Busck). 
ARGIDIA RUFA Schaus. 
1. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck). 
PARANYMPHA TOXEA Cramer. 
3. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
PLACONIA DEMERA Schaus. 
1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
Schaus’s type of this species is from Chiriqui, Panama. 


208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


See POLES A SETS isIE Sn SSS oe Ee 
YRIAS LINEATA Druce. 

6. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
COXINA HADENOIDES Guenée. 

1. Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck). 
TRIOMMATODES PADRINA Schaus. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

BETUSA AMYNTA Cramer. 
1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
BRUGAS INFANS Guenée. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
PLUSIODES (?) LARONIA Druce. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
ARSACIODES RUFA Hampson. 

4. Porto Bello, February, 1911 and April, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, 
Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

OMMATOCHILA MUNDULA Zeller. 

2. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal 

Zone, July, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 
CELIPTERA GAMOTI Guenée.. 

1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
PHURYS FLEXA Guenée. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
PHURYS IMMUNIS Guenée. 

6. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
April, 1911 (Busck) and July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 

Typical immunis comes from the Antilles. The present form has 
the markings more distinct, less blurred, less brilliant, the sub- 
terminal dots well relieved on an uniform dark gray ground, reni- 
form well marked. It extends northward into Mexico. 

POAPHILA PAUCULA Walker. 

9. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1911 
(Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

POAPHILA IMMANIS Guenée. 

2. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 
1911 (Busck). 

Two females, probably referable here, but in poor condition. 
REMIGIA LATIPES Guenée. 

3. Porto Bello, March 1911 (Busck); Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 
1907 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck) ; Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 


REMIGIA MARCIDA Guenée. 
2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 209 


REMIGIA DISSEVERANS Walker. 
7. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 


March, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck), and 
July, 1912 (J. Zetek); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

The specimens are somewhat grayer, but appear to agree specifi- 
cally with a series from Santo Domingo, Cuba, and Jamaica, which I 
consider to be Walker’s disseverans. Apparently there are three dis- 
tinct species here, latipes Guenée, ranging from Argentina to the 
United States, including the West Indies; disseverans Walker, from 
the Greater Antilles to Florida, Texas, Central America, and Panama; 
and marcida Guenée, from Texas, Mexico to Panama. These three 
species all occur in the United States and have been regarded as varie- 
ties of repanda Fabricius. This, however, comes from the Lesser 
Antilles and can be distinguished at once from disseverans, which it 
otherwise resembles, by the abundant dense yellow scaling on the 
underside of the hind wings of the male. The larve described by me 
as latipes * should be referred to disseverans. 

GONITIS EDETRIX Guenée. 

1. Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 
ANOMIS EXACTA Hiibner. 

7. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Tabernilla, Canal Zone, 
May, 1907 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek and 
CP. Crafts). 

ANOMIS C2DEMA Guenée. 

2. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
ANOMIS INNOCUA Schaus. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 
(OPS Crafts): 

Very small specimens, badly worn. If not referable here, it is a 
new species, but the specimens are unfit to describe. 

EULEPIDOTIS METALLIGERA Butler. 

7. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 

(Busck). 
EULEPIDOTIS HEMITHEA Druce. 

2. Chiriqui (Schaus collection). 
EULEPIDOTIS BOURGAULTI Bar. 

5. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

EULEPIDOTIS NORDUCA Schaus. 

1. La Chorrera, April, 1912 (Busck). 
EULEPIDOTIS JUNETTA, new species. 

Bright brown, the apex of fore wing shading to ocher-brown; inner 
line straight, oblique, metallic leaden within, red-brown without; 


1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, 1901, p. 276. 
34843°—Proe.N.M.vol.47—14 14 


210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


mesial line gray, flexuous, curved a little on costa and marked with a 
leaden bar; outer line straight, metallic leaden, edged with brown, 
touching outer margin above tornus; terminal line straight, leaden, 
placed before the margin. Hind wing with silvery blue curved patch 
outwardly, followed by violet shadings to margin; a narrow faint 
terminal line, placed as on fore wing. Expanse, 25 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two specimens, No. 16438, U.S.N.M.; Tabernilla, Canal 
Zone, May, 1907 (Busck). 

EULEPIDOTIS JUNCIDA Guenée. 

76. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck) ; 
Corozal, Canal Zone, July 1912 (C. P. Crafts, J. Zetek). 

Both the light form juncida and the dark one mabis Guenée are 
present in the long series, with intergrades. 

EULEPIDOTIS C@ERULEILINEA Walker. 

8. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
March, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
EULEPIDOTIS MUSTELA Druce. 

1. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck). 


EULEPIDOTIS EZRA Druce. 
1. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck). 


EULEPIDOTIS AFFINIS Schaus. 
1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 


EULEPIDOTIS RECTIMARGO Guenée. 

10. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck). 
EULEPIDOTIS ELECTA, new species. 

Similar to rectimargo Guenée, but with the white margin of fore 
wing very narrow or obsolete and with a large apical brown patch 
on hind wing. Hind wing largely or entirely shaded with ocher. 
The specimens average slightly larger than rectimargo. Expanse, 
34 mm. 

Type.-—No. 16439, U.S.N.M.; selected from the 10 Porto Bello 
specimens, in all 25 in series; Cuernavaca, Mexico, July, 1906 (W. 
Schaus); Cordoba, Mexico (R. Miller); Orizaba, Mexico, September, 
1908 (R. Miller); Mexico City, Mexico, June, 1906 (R. Miller) ; Juan 
Vinas, Costa Rica, May, 1906 (W. Schaus); San José, Costa Rica, 
October, 1906 (W. Schaus); Porto Bello, Panama, February, 1911 
(A. Busck); Panama, May, 1907 (W. Schaus); Merida, Venezuela 
(S. E. Briceno); Aroa, Venezuela (Schaus collection). 

EULEPIDOTIS GUTTATA Felder and Rogenhofer. 

18. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 
1907 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal 
Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts). 

EULEPIDOTIS PERLATA Guenée. 

10. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Tabernilla, 
Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck); Trinidad River, March and June, 
1912 (Busck). 


No. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. PAN 


EULEPIDOTIS TESTACEICEPS Felder and Rogenhofer. 

1. Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck). 
EULEPIDOTIS ALABASTARIA Hiibner. 

6. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck): Porto Bello, 
February, 1911 (Busck). : 

EULEPIDOTIS CAUDATA Herrich-Schiiffer. 

1. Trinidad River, June 1912 (Busck). 
DYOMYX EGISTA Bar. 

2. Porto Bello, March, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 
DYOMYX CONSEQUENS Dyar. 

1. Chiriqui (Schaus collection). 
DYOMYX INFERIOR Herrich-Schiffer. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
DYOMYX ORA Dyar. 

1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck). 
DYOPS? TELMELA Schaus. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

BOLETOBIA RUGOSA, new species. 

Sooty black; terminal space lighter, but broadly tinted with pale 
brownish; lines obscure, the outer denticulate, excurved over cell, 
with white in the denticulations outwardly, similar on both wings. 
Expanse, 15 mm. 

Type.—Male No. 15922, U.S.N.M.; selected from a series of six; 
Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). Others from Cabima, May, 
1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, Feb- 
ruary, 1912 (Busck). 

Resembles B. marginalta Schaus, but is smaller, with much less of 
the pale color on margin, and mesial line less broadly excurved. B. 
turpis Schaus is larger and darker. B. tenebrosa Schaus is the near- 
est, but seems different, being more uniformly colored and without 
the distinct whitish sinuous line on the hind wing below shown in 
rugosa. 

PLYNTERIA FLORENS Schaus. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 

(Busck). 
PLYNTERIA COSTATA Schaus. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
PLYNTERIA CENTRIPONENS, new species. 

Brown, not very dark; discal dots on both wings large and black; 
lines slender, dark; inner curved; orbicular a point; outer line wavy, 
excurved over cell; subterminal line a trace; costa dotted; a terminal 
line broken at the veins. Hind wing with discal spot and outer line 
like fore wing. Expanse, 16 mm. 


212 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


Type.—Female, No. 15923, U.S.N.M.; selected from a series of nine; 
La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). Others from Taboga Island, Feb- 
ruary, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, 
Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 
PLYNTERIA MELANOPASA, new species. 

Short and broad winged; black, scarcely irrorate, but enough so to 
show the lines faintly darker, rather broad; inner curved, outer 
excurved over cell; subtermined indicated by pale scales; costa with 
pale dots; discal spot faintly yellowish, oblique. Hind wing with 
dark discal dot and outer line, very faint. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15924, U.S.N.M.; selected from a series of nine; 
La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); others from Taboga Island, Feb- 
ruary, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck). 
PLYNTERIA IRRESPONDENS, new species. 

Dark brown, not black; costa touched with an ocherous tint to 
beyond the outer line, dotted thence to apex; lines obscure, dark, 
coarsely and slightly waved; discal marks reduced nearly to oblitera- 
tion, a few white scales in reniform; a terminal dark line interrupted 
by ocher points at ends of veins. Hind wing with discal dot, obscure 
but marked by a few white scales; mesial line dark, angular. 
Expanse, 16 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15925, U.S.N.M.; selected from a series of six; 
all males; Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). One other from 
Corozal, Canal Zone, June, 1912 (Busck). 

Ostha nomion Schaus resembles this, but is browner, narrower 
winged, and without the costal pale shading. 

PLYNTERIA MAISES, new species. 

Smooth dark brown; a broad bright ocher band on costa to beyond 
cell, where it widens; lines lost; a group of yellow scales for discal 
spot on hind wing. Palpi, vertex and anterior part of thorax mixed 
with yellow scales. Beneath, costa of fore wing washed with yellow; 
hind wing yellow, irrorated with brown; a broad terminal brown 
band. Expanse, 15 mm. 

Type.—No. 15926, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck). 

The specimen is badly broken, but the markings visible. 
PLYNTERIA CONTENTA, new species. 

Bronzy brown, like florens Schaus. Discal mark dark, obscure; 
lines obliterated, visible only in oblique light; outer of fore wing 
blackish, denticulate, scarcely excurved, without white edgings. 
Line of hind wing bent at right angles in the middle; no terminal 
dots. Expanse, 15 mm. 

Type.—Female No. 15927, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). 


Nearest to florens; smaller and without any white scales. 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. PAS 


PLYNTERIA DILMIS, new species. 

Wings trigonate, normal. Dark brown, lines pale, ocherous 
tinted; inner nearly straight; outer coarsely wavy and excurved 
somewhat over cell. Stigmata dark, the orbicular with a white 
point, reniform with two, of which the upper is minute; very minute 
ocher terminal dots. Hind wing similar; no discal dot, the mesial 
line pale, curved. Expanse, 16 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15928, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
PLYNTERIA EXTIRPENS, new species. 

Somewhat round-winged like wrespondens or florens. Brown-gray 
with a violaceous cast; markings reduced, but the terminal dots of 
both wings dark and heavy, narrowly cut by pale at the veins. 
Discal marks dark, somewhat lunate; outer line of fore wing running 
close in, narrowly excurved over discal mark; of hind wing similar. 
‘Nothing visible in terminal field. EExpanse, 14 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15929, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). 

PLYNTERIA CORYPHATA, new species. 

Similar to contriponens, but the wings more pointed at apex, the 
discal dots inconspicuous; lines slender, blackish, the subterminal 
less distinct than in centriponens; orbicular a black dot; reniform on 
both wings dusky, marked by white scales. Expanse, 14 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15930, U.S.N.M.; selected from a series of four; 
La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). Others from Trinidad River, 
March, 1912, and Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 

PLYNTERIA UNIFACTA, new species. 

Large, bronzy blackish, like costata, but less brown and without 
the white subcostal line; lines dark as in costata, obscure. Hind wing 
with central line only shown; reniform with a few white scales; a pale 
dash on costa opposite and three before apex; minute white terminal 
points as in costata. Expanse, 25 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15931, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

PLYNTERIA CONFORMENS, new species. 

Dark brown with olive-yellow tint, especially through median area 
of both wings. Lines distinct, black; inner curved, irregular; outer 
denticulate, excurved over cell, followed by white specks in the 
incisures; reniform large, black, centered by white scales; terminal 
black line cut by pale dots. Hind wing with discal dot and outer 
line as on fore wing, the discal dot small. Expanse, 18 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15932, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

Quite distinct from any of the forms before me, though of the same 
general type. 


914 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


Subfamily HYPHNIN 2c. 
RHASENA NELIASALIS Walker. 

2. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck). 
RHASENA ZOUM, new species. 

Aspect of nezula Schaus, but the male without the fovea in the disk 
of hind wing. The outer line makes a smaller loop beyond the vertical 
shade; subterminal line without white, etc. 

Type.—Male, No. 15944, U.S.N.M.; selected from a series of nine, 
Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); 
also one from Zent District, Costa Rica, February, 1907 (W. Schaus), 
this latter labeled as nezula. 

RHASENA DARCONIS Schaus. 

2. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Buseck). 
HOMOPYRALIS VIRIDIS Schaus. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
HOMOPYRALIS ELONGATA Schaus. 

1. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 

HOMOPYRALIS NIREUS Schaus. 

1. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 
HOMOPYRALIS PREUSTALIS Hiibner. 

2. Trinidad River, March and June, 1912 (Busck). 
METALECTRA PRACISALIS Hiibner. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck) 

METALECTRA PUNCTILINEA Walker. 

2. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Buseck). 

Two males in poor condition, apparently referable to this species. 
METALECTRA CONTACTOIDES, new species. 

Hind wing rounded, finely crenulate on the margin. Brown, rather 
light and a little purplish. Fore wing black at base, the inner line 
just beyond, fine, obscure; orbicular a dot; reniform a quadrate patch, 
crossed by the heavy mesial band, slightly incurved below; outer line 
slender, black; subterminal crenulate, near margin; terminal line 
crenulate and dotted. Hind wing with large discal patch, duplicated 
below by heavy mesial line; outer line straight, rather heavy, obsolete 
above cell; termen as on fore wing. Expanse, 24 mm. * 

Type.—Male, No. 15937, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). 

Resembles the North American JM. contacta Walker. 

METALECTRA MONOPAIS, new species. 

Small; black mixed with whitish to a dark gray; discal marks of 
both wings large, round, black; anal tuft of male ocher. Lines 
black, indistinct, with whitish borders more distinct than the lines; 
subterminal line white, sinuous; terminal black dots with white 
ones in the fringe. Hind wing with mesial line without white edge. 
Expanse, 15 mm. 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. OES 


Type.—Male, No. 15938, U.S.N.M., selected from a series of six; 
Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). Others from Taboga Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); La 
Chorrera, April, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 
(CP. Crafts). 

METALECTRA DIDYMA, new species. 

Dark violaceous brown, somewhat irrorate, but on the whole 
smooth; lines fine black, denticulate, with white specks in the hol- 
lows on both wings. Fore wing blackish shaded at base; orbicular 
a point; reniform small, followed by a white patch; subterminal 
line obsolete. Hind wing with small black discal dot, crossed by a 
straight black shade to inner margin; a marginal crenulate black 
line on both wings. Expanse, 14 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15937, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

Palpi upturned, fringed with scales in front, the third joint round, 
small, almost spherical. 

METALECTRA MOCHTHEROS, new species. 

Like didyma in color and markings, but nearly twice the size; 
palpi oblique, smoothly scaled, the third jomt long and pointed. 
White discal spot of fore wing smaller than in didyma. Hind wing 
with mesial black band slight. No dark shading at base of wings, 
the general tone rather lighter. Expanse, 22 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15940, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Buseck). 

METALECTRA TRISTIGMA, new species. 

Palpi oblique, second joint with hairs on upper side, third long, 
acute. Ground color of fore wing whitish, shaded with violaceous 
gray; inner line marked by a triangle on costa; a large, round black 
spot just above the inner margin; mesial violaceous shade twice 
waved, shaded outwardly; outer line obscure, in whitish; an apex 
violaceous gray; a black triangular spot near middle of margin and a 
small one above tornus; margin darker violaceous shaded with whitish 
subterminal line; terminal line fine, black, crenulate on both wings. 
Expanse, 20 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15941, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 
1912 (Busck). 

METALECTRA PARALAPPA, new species. 

Resembles Homopyralis lappa Druce. Purplish ground of wings 
less dense, more irrorate with whitish; inner line with only a narrow 
black costal patch, not the lower markings; subapical patch truncate 
apically, not semicircular; discal mark black, narrow, nearly broken. 
Hind wing with large somewhat comma-shaped discal bar. No black 
patches on central line. Expanse, 26 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15942, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck.) 


916 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


METALECTRA DIVERSATA, new species. 

Ground color light reddish gray, washed with dark purple shades. 
On the fore wing the shade covers the lower half of base and space 
from mesial to outer lines and runs out centrally to margin. On hind 
wing it covers all but the narrow base of wing. Lines slender, dark, 
wavy; inner line crossing the punctiform orbicular; mesial line across 
the narrow reniform; outer excurved above; subterminal line a dark 
even-shaded band. Hind wing with inner line at edge of the pale 
area; outer line denticulate, obscured in the dark color. Black 
terminal crenulate lines on both wings. Expanse, 19 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15943, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 
1911 (Busck). Also a female from the same place, June, 1912 
(Busck). 
MULELOCHA BILUNULALIS Walker. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
MULELOCHA CELITA Schaus. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
MULELOCHA CALLIGRAMMA Hiibner. 

1. Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck). 
MULELOCHA AGNA Druce. 

1. Corozal, Canal Zone, August, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 
MULELOCHA SUBNIGRA Schaus. 

5. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); 
Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 

BANIANA VELUTA Schaus. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
BANIANA POHLI Felder. 

1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck). 
BANIANA PROJICIENS Butler. 

3. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 

BANIANA TINCTICOLLIS Walker. 

1. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 
BANIANA PHRUXUS Schaus. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
PHARGA ANDACA Druce. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
PHARGA ABSORPTALIS Walker. 

2. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). 

HERMINIODES CONCATENALIS Walker. 

2. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
HERMINIODES INSULSA Dognin. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 


HERMINIODES ATRISIGNATA Walker. 
1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


NO. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 217 


HERMINIODES LATRIS Schaus (?). 
3. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
The specimens (male and female) are near the female type of latris, 
but not identical. 
HERMINIODES \.ONGISTRIATA Schaus. 
3. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
PTERHEMIA EXCISSA Schaus. 
1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
ANOBA TRIGONOIDES Water. 
1. Taboga Island, June, 1912 (Busck). 
POESULA TINCTICOLLIS Walker. 
2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
“TRAUAXA LUA Druce. 
4, Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck). 
POGOPUS, new genus. 


Proboscis well developed; palpi porrect, extending about the length 
of the head in the male, fringed with long hair beneath to the tip, in 
the female the second joint thickened with scales, the third long, 
smooth; front smooth; eyes large, round; antenne of male with bristles 
and cilia, of female with the bristles somewhat smaller; abdomen with 
asmall tuft at base; metathorax with small high posterior crest; tibiz 
of male with abundant long hair, of female with slight hair without. 
Fore wing with apex slightly produced, square; areole present, vein 
7 from its apex, 8-9 long-stalked, 10 from upper side of aerole. Hind 
wing with vein 5 strong, from well below middle of discocellulars; 
3-4 shortly stalked. 

Type of the genus.—Pogopus mictochroma, new species. 

POGOPUS MICTOCHROMA, new species. 

Ocher-brown, mixed with mottlings of lighter ocher, shaded and 
lined with dark brown. A dot at base; inner line straight across 
wing, coarsely waved; outer line excurved over cell, wavy below; a 
brown shade in upper half of median space, often absent; orbicular 
a black dot; reniform a white speck; subterminal shade irregular, 
inbent opposite cell, edged without with ocherous; margin dark- 
shaded. Hind wing blackish fuscous. Expanse, male 29 mm., female 
25 mm. 

Type.—Male, selected from three males, 15 females, No. 16440, 
U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Buseck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 

A rather large frail species, looking like Poena, but with squarer, 
broader wings. 

POENA PORRECTALIS Guenée. 

10. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
July, 1912 (J. Zetek and C. P. Crafts). 


218 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vor, 47. 


LEPTOCTENISTA DUBIA Warren. 

7. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, Aprd, 1911 
(Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

Three males appear typical; the four others (2 males aad 2 females) 
are darker, less distinctly marked, and may not be the same. 
LEPTOCTENISTA sp. 

4. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). 

Smaller and lighter than LZ. dubia, the female with much ocher at 
base of hind wing. Possibly another species, but it seems unsafe to 
name it. 

GALANDA FUNEREA Warren. 

3. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

Allin poor condition, as is likewise my single named specimen (from 
Costa Rica, identified by Schaus). This seems extremely close to 
Leptoctenista dubia, and possibly is that species. The material is too 
poor for certainty. 

REJECTARIA PHARUSALIS Walker. 
1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck). 


SCOPIFERA NIACISALIS Walker. 

2. Porto Bello, March, 1911, and April, 1912 (Busck). 
MELINA HIRTIPALPIS Walker. 

3. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
PTEROPRISTA ALBIPUNCTALIS Druce. 

5. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 
(Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 
1912 (Busck). 

MZRODES COLOMBALIS Guenée. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
ATOPOMORPHA SINGULARIS Warren. 

1. Porto Bello, May, 1912 (Busck). 
MASTIGOPHORUS LYSIZONA Druce. 

5. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, February, 
1911 and April, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (. P. 
Crafts). 

MEGACHYTA PRIASSALIS Walker. 

24. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, February, 
1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, March,.1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 
1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
July, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

BLEPTINA CARADRINALIS Guenée. - 

37. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck) ; 
Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, June, 1912 
(Busck), and July, 1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts). 


No. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 219 


The series runs smaller than one from the United States before me 
and has more tendency to have black points before the subterminal 
line, but seems inseparable specifically. 

PALTHIS SUBMARGINATA Schaus. 

2. Trinidad River, March and June, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, 
May, 1912 (Busck). 

PALTHIS INCURIOSA, new species. 

Similar to P. submarginalis Schaus, but smaller, browner, the mid- 
dle line of fore wing strongly bent as well as the outer line. Hind 
wing stained with dark brown on middle of outer margin, the lines 
normal, not crowded toward the margin in the female. Male with 
the middle legs not modified, smooth, tibiee with one long and one 
short end spurs. Expanse, male, 15 mm.; female, 18-21 mm. 

Cotypes—One male, two females, No. 15945, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, 
Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek), male; (C. P. Crafts) female; Trini- 
dad River, March, 1912 (Busck), female. 


HYPENA LEUCTRA Druce. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 
HYPENA PACIFICA Walker. 

6. Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts). 


COLA, new genus. 


Fore wings with veins 7-10 stalked, 11 from cell; hind wing with 
3-4 shortly stalked, 5 very slightly depressed at base; frons without 
prominence; thorax and abdomen without crests; proboscis rather 
weak but distinct; palpi oblique, the second joint long, blade-like, 
compressed, fringed with scales above, the third long, pointed. 

Type of the genus.— Cola nabis, new species. 

COLA NABIS, new species. 

Fore wing dark brown, densely powdered over an ocherous ground; 
outer margin centrally darker shaded; two minute black dots in cell; 
outer line slender, dark, with slight pale outer edge, straight, bent at 
right angles in its upper third. Hind wing blackish fuscous. Ex- 
panse, 12 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two specimens, No. 15896, U.S.N.M., selected from a 
series of thirteen; Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, 
Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La 
Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


HOPOTHIA, new genus. 


Frons without prominence; tongue well developed; palpi upturned, 
second joint slightly thickened with scales in front, third smooth, 
rather long; vestiture scaly; abdomen without crests. Fore wing 
with veins 2-3 shortly stalked, running close together, 4—5 arising 


220 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


close together and divergent near margin, veins 2-5 thickened on 
their basal three-fourths, 6 below angle of cell, 7-10 stalked, 7 arising 
before 9, 11 from cell, free, straight. Hind wing with 3-4 from 
angle of cell, 5 below middle of cross-vein, 6-7 from apex of cell, 8 
anastomosing with cell nearly to middle. 

Type of the genus.—Hopothia histigma, new species. 

HOPOTHIA HISTIGMA, new species. 

Fore wing light carneous brown, with a few scattered irrorations or 
groups of scales of dark brown; a small rounded dark brown spot on 
middle of costa. Hind wing pale fuscous, irrorated with scattered 
single dark brown scales. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, No. 15906, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, Febru- 
ary, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


CRAMBOPHILIA, new genus. 


Fore wing with veins 7-10 stalked, 11 from the cell, free. Hind 
wing with 3-4 shortly stalked, 8 anastomosing with the cell near base 
only, 4 slightly depressed at base. Frons without prominence; 
thorax and abdomen without crests; proboscis moderately well devel- 
oped; palpi upturned, the second joint reaching vertex with slight 
fringe of scales in front, third short, blunt, smooth. 

Type of the genus —Crambophilia majorcula, new species. 
CRAMBOPHILIA MAJORCULA, new species. 

Fore wing long, the margins subparallel, sordid brownish gray, 
becoming brown on the margin, the irrorations denser; base of costa 
dark brown; a row of terminal brown dots continued around apex; a 
group of brown scales for discal dot and scattered others representing 
the outer line, bent outward beyond cell. Hind wing dark fuscous. 
Expanse, 10-11 mm. 

Cotypes.—Three specimens, No. 15902, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, Feb- 
ruary, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 
1911 (Busck). 

CRAMBOPHILIA MINORCULA, new species. 

Fore wing straw color; a broad ocher shade in center of wing, not 
reaching costa; terminal brown dots continued around apex and two 
more near middle of costa; scattered brown irrorations in and below 
cell and some scales representing the outer line. Hind wing faintly 
irrorated with brown, shaded with ocher in cell. Expanse, 9.5 mm. 

Cotypes——Four specimens, No. 15903 U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal 
Zone, March, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); La 
Ckorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


TINEOCEPHALA, new genus. 


Fore wing with veins 7-10 stalked, 11 free; hind wing with 3-4 
stalked, 8 anastomosing with the cell near base only; frons without 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. DONE 


Neen eee 


prominence; thorax and abdomen without crests; proboscis moder- 
ately well developed. Palpi upturned, the second joint long with 
fringe of scales on front side, third jointlong, pointed, naked. Scales 
of head long and abundant, curving smoothly over to join those 
of thorax. 

Type of the genus.— Tineocephala judis, new species. 

TINEOCEPHALA JUDIS, new species. 

Fore wing long, narrow, the margins subparallel; sordid ocherous, 
dusted with gray, the margin and fringe shaded with this color; a 
minute distinct black discal spot; costa black at base, with alternating 
dark and pale specks outwardly; outer line obsolescent, dark, pow- 
dery, forming a right angle in its upper third. Hind wing sordid 
whitish, darker on the margin. Expanse, 12 mm. 

Cotypes—Four specimens, No. 15901, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, 
May, 1912 (Busck). 


Family LASIOCAMPID. 


PRORIFRONS CASTULLUX, new species. 

Blackish brown; lines indistinct, straight, pale, four, slender, 
whitish, all converging slightly on inner margin and a little bent on 
costa; discal dot a minute white speck; subterminal line wavy, 
macular, pale, obsolescent; two small black specks above tornus. 
Hind wing with pale straight mesial shade and outer curved one. 
Expanse, 80 mm. 

Cotypes—Two males, No. 15946, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911, 
(Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

Similar to P. quadrilineta Barnes and McDunnough, but darker, 
larger, the lines less convergent, the markings less distinct. Appar- 
ently a derivative of P. perwviana Druce, but the markings much less 
distinct. 

PRORIFRONS ANTONIA Schaus. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
TOLYPE NANA Druce. 

6. Trinidad River; March and June, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 
1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

TOLYPE MEXICANA Herrich-Schiffer. 
1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
A female, the median lines strongly approximated. 
TOLYPE TARUDA Schaus. 
1. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck). 
TOLYPE SYNCECURA Dyar. 
2. Empire, Canal Zone (D. D. Gaillard). 
Bred from a pod-shaped communal nest pendant from a branch. 


ARTACE PUNCTISTRIGA Walker. 
2. Porto Bello, March ,1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 


222 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


CLAPHE MARIA Schaus. 

1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck). 

CLAPHE MELANCHOLICA Butler. 

1 Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
CLAPHE CARAMINA Schaus. 

1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
CLAPHE SUBMARGINALIS Walker. 

3. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
CLAPHE SOBRINA Schaus. 

1. Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1912 (Busck). 
CLAPHE CHARAX Druce. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
CLAPHE DISCORICA, new species. 

Brown, the basal space suffused with black; median lines slender, 
black, approximate, wavy, parallel, inclosing a narrow whitish median 
space and large oval discal black spot; lines duplicated, the inner by a 
waved shaded line within, the outer by a narrow line without; sub- 
terminal line waved, faint, shaded, submacular; terminal pale dots 
preceded by a dusky line. Hind wing with costo-apical quadrate 
white patch and mesial straight dark line. Expanse, 25 mm. 

Type.——Male No. 15947, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, February, 1912 
(Busck). 

Near C. obtusa Herrich—-Schaffer, but the median space narrower 
and whiter, the lines more distinct and strongly duplicated. 

CLAPHE VITTABUNDA, new species. 

Thorax and inner margin of fore wing violet-brown; the rest of the 
wing clay-brown, irrorated with red-brown, forming four lines of 
strige on outer half; dark area along inner margin occupies the base, 
becomes narrow centrally and widens to a quadrate patch on tornus. 
Hind wing reddish brown suffused, showing only clay-colored incep- 
tions of wavy lines on costa. Expanse, 36 mm. 

Type.—Male No. 15948, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

Colors of C. marna Schaus from Brazil, but with pattern and size 
of OC. lankesteri Schaus from Costa Rica. » 


OCHA LIBNITES Druce. 
1. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck). 


Family LIPARID. 
CAVIRIA TIBIALIS Walker. 

4. Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 
1911 (Busck). 

Provisionally listed under thisname. The three from Corozal have 
the fore wing shaded with brown, especially over disk. The one from 
Alhajuelo is all white. There may be two species represented, both 
distinct from tibialis, but the condition of the material is too poor to 
make the specimens into types. 


xo. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. Tape 


MANTRUDA CHIRONOMUS Dyar. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 

Pale brown, rather than the chocolate brown of typical chironomus 
from the Guianas, but with the same markings. 
MANTRUDA ERRATICA Schaus. 


2. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 


TROCHUDA PURA Walker. 


1. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 


PACHYPLASTIS APICALIS Felder. 


1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
Family NOTODONTID. 


CALLEDEMA MARMOREA Butler. 
3. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Buseck). 


CALLEDEMA JOCASTA Schaus. 
1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


MARTHULA RUFESCENS Schaus. 

4. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Buseck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 
(Busck). 1 
PHEDOSIA TURBIDA Mischler. 

1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck). 

Proelymiotis apicenotata Dognin' is a synonym of this. 

NYSTALEA PLUMIPES Schaus. 

6. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 

(Busck). 
NYSTALEA NYSEUS Cramer. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
NYSTALEA LOPHOCERA, new species. 

Male antennze with bristles and cilia, the apical third thickened, 
curved and bearing rufous hair, tips simple. Wings narrow, the costa 
expanded near base. Pattern of markings of guttulana Schaus, 
plumipes Schaus, and forfer Dognin, gray with blotches of green; 
basal area brown shaded on costa; a row of black dots in the cell and 
blackish blotches on inner margin; inner line distinct, double excurved 
in cell, slightly dentate; outer line obsolete, very faintly indicated in 
brown; a minute black discal dot and some blotches in submedian 
space; a blackish subapical band on costa; subterminal line black, 
slender, a little irregular only, sharply drawn in below vein 2. Hind 
wing grayish brown, paler just at base. Legs withlong hairs. Abdo- 
men without lateral tufts. Expanse, 44 mm. 

Cotypes—Two males, No. 15949, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck). 


1 Ann. Ent. Soc. Belg., vol. 58, 1909, p. 75. 


224 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. YOu. 47, 


LYSANA PLUSIANA Schaus. 
1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
PENTOBOSA XYLINOIDES Walker. 
3. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
June, 1912 (Busck). 
ELYMIOTIS PURPURASCENS Butler. 
1. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 
ERAGISA GARLEPPI Druce. 
2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
E. sabulosa Schaus is a synonym of this. 
CRINODES STRIOLATA Schaus. 
1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
CRINODES RITSEMZ Butler. 
1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, June, 1911 (Busck). 
LIRIMIRIS TRUNCATA Herrich-Schaffer. 
2. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
LEPASTA MIXTA Mischler. 
1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
DIDUGUA ARGENTILINEA Druce. 
1. Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 
BETOLA AROATA Schaus. 
1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
The true aroata has the hind wings of the male narrowly nearly 
pure white." 
DRUGERA MORONA Druce. 
3. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
CERURA RARATA Walker. . 
1. Trinidad River, May, 1911 (Busck). 
CERURA LAQUEATA Schaus. 
2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). 
CERURA LANCEA Schaus. 
4. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 


CERURA DANDON Druce. 


1. Trinidad River, May, 1911 (Busck). 


1 Two other species were confused with aroata in the collection. They may be designated as follows: 


BETOLA DENSISSIMA, new species. 

Male antennz bipectinate on basal half. Fore wing with the markings finer and more densely crowded 
than in aroata, the costa not darkly shaded; pale subcostomedial area not contrasted, without a distinct, 
pale ray to apex; central ray at vein 5 divided by a double brown streak. Hind wing fuscous tinged, 
especially on the veins, inner margin, and terminally. Expanse, 43 mm. 

Cotypes.—Four males, No. 15950, U.S.N.M.; St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana, May, 1904 (W. 
Schaus); Geldersland, Surinam River, Dutch Guiana (W. Schaus); Omai, British Guiana (W. Schaus). 


BETOLA APOSTATICA, new species. 

Male antennz subserrate and fasciculate. Fore wing with the markings coarse, broad, and open; central 
clay-colored area running from base to apex as in aroata, washed with red-brown, not olive as in aroata; 
no pale ray at apex; ray at vein 5 reduced to a streak with an angled mark above. Hind wing fuscous 
tinged, especially on inner and outer margins; veins dark. Expanse, 45mm. 

Cotypes.—F our males, No. 15951, U.S.N.M.; Rio Potaro, British Guiana (W. J. Kaye); Omai, British 
Guiana (W. Schaus); St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana, July, 1904 (W. Schaus). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 225 


HETEROCAMPA NOTABILIS Schaus. 

1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck). 

HETEROCAMPA LCA Schaus. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
HETEROCAMPA PUNCTATA Druce. 

2. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
June, 1912 (Busck). 

HETEROCAMPA TUNA Schaus. . 

3. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January and February, 1911 (Busck); 
Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 

The Porto Bello specimen is a male, agreeing with the type from 
Colombia, but small. The two females from Paraiso are darkly 
suffused, showing only a trace of the mesial ight marking; but as 
the female of tuna was heretofore unknown, this may be the normal 
marking of that sex. 

HETEROCAMPA VIRIDESCENS Walker. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
HETEROCAMPA LOPODITES, new species. 

Blackish and brown, a little green tinted especially along costa. 
Inner line white, angular, showing a sharp zigzag next to inner 
margin, within which is a basal ocherous ray, edged with black below; 
discal mark brown with reddish field; outer line geminate, reddish 
filled, becoming white above inner margin; subterminal spots black. 
Hind wing with costal edge gray, crossed by a waved pale line; discal 
area more or less pale; fuscous shaded with linear terminal line. 
Expanse, 33-37 mm. 

_ Cotypes. Three males, No. 15952, U.S.N.M.; Paraiso, Canal Zone, 
Panama, January, 1911 (A. Busck); Tuis, Costa Rica; June, 1907 
(W. Schaus); Sixola River, Costa Rica, March, 1907 (W. Schaus). 

Allied to H. proba Schaus, less green and with distinctive markings 
on inner margin. Mr. Schaus did not make a positive determination 
of this species. He evidently recognized it as distinct, but did not 
wish to describe it. 
MASCHANE ERRATIPENNIS Walker. 

1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
RHUDA FOCULA Cramer. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
MALOCAMPA MATRALIS Schaus. 

1. Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck). 
BLERA TENUIS Schaus. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
RIFARGIA DISTINGUENDA Walker. 

22. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
February, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 

34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——15 


226 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


RIFARGIA MYCONOS Schaus. 

5. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January and February, 1911 (Busck); 
Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

RIFARGIA PRESBYTICA, new species. 

Light gray; at base of fore wing a curved black streak stained 
with brown from base to inner margin at inner line; inner line double, 
curved, dentate, cutting off a dark gray-filled blotch on costa; reni- 
form constricted, with an inner appendage above; outer line double, 
stained with brown, lunulate, followed by a row of round black 
blotches, encircled by gray and clouded without the line from costa 
subapically and approximate to outer line below; subterminal linear, 
black, dislocated into segments above and projected on the veins 
below. . Hind wing whitish at base, dark fuscous without; fringe 
white. Expanse, 42 mm. 

Cotypes.—Three females, No. 15953, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, 
Panama, February, 1912 (A. Busck); Sixola River, Costa Rica, 
August, 1907 (W. Schaus). 

Closely allied to R. prerupta Dognin from French Guiana, which, 
however, lacks the basal arc and has the hind wing less whitish at 
base. The Sixola River specimen is marked “FR. condita Schs. 
fide B. M.” but I can not associate it with the male type of condita, of 
which we have no female. The Tuis specimen is marked “myconos 
Schs. 2 ” but the type of myconos from Peru is a female and clearly 
distinct. 

NAVARCOSTES LIMNATIS Schaus. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
NAPREPA CYLLOTA Druce. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
NAPREPA FLEXIFERA Schaus. 

2. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
NAPREPA PULCHERIA Druce. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
HEMICERAS FLAVESCENS Schaus. 

1. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck). 
HEMICERAS OLEAGINA Dognin. 

1. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck). 
HEMICERAS PLANA Butler. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
HEMICERAS VECINA Schaus. 

1. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck). 
HEMICERAS CLARKI Schaus. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

The type of clarki is a male with large black discal spots. The 
present specimen agrees, but the discal spots are smaller and more 


no. 2050. LHPIDOPTHRA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 227 


approximate. Not so small, however, as in the female clarki labeled 
by Mr. Schaus. 


HEMICERAS COREMA Schaus. 
1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


HEMICERAS DEORNATA Walker. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
HEMICERAS RUFESCENS Walker. 

3. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
HEMICERAS EVANESCENS Dyar. 

1. Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck), the female type. 
HEMICERAS INDISTANS Guenée. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
APOLA DIVISA Walker. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
CHILARA MONETA Felder. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
ANTZA LICORMAS Cramer. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


ANTZA JUTURNA Cramer. 
1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 


APATELODES LAPITHA Druce. 
2. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 


OLCECLOSTERA AMORIA Druce. 
1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 


ZANOLA VERAGO Cramer. 
2. Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
June, 1912 (Busck). 


TAMPHANA MARMOREA Schaus. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
CARTHARA SURYNORTA Schaus. 

2. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 


ROSEMA DEOLIS Cramer. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
ROSEMA ACIRITES Druce. 

2. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
ROSEMA FULVIPENNIS Butler. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

Very close to R. marona Schaus, which has small discal spots, 
lacking here. &. falcata Schaus from Bolivia! is also allied but 
larger, with the wings more pointed. Druce has duplicated the 
name Losema falcata,? and his species, if different, will have to be 
renamed. 


1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 29, 1905, p. 294. 
2 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 7, 1911, p. 292. 


228 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


Family BOMBYCIDA®. 


COLLA C@LESTIS Schaus.  _ 
1. Trinidad River, March, 1912. 


Family GEOMETRIDA. 


Subfamily HYDRIOMENIN 4. 


HAMMAPTERA COLUMBARIA Dognin. 

2. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

HAMMAPTERA MINNIPENNA, new species. 

Fore wing green (faded to ocher); costa narrowly black; subbasal 
line slender, arcuate, followed by a broad green (ocher) space; inner 
line a broad band of blackish; outer line slender, crenulate, with 
inward points on the veins, the median space partly divided with 
blackish; subterminal line faint, shaded over the subterminal space, 
sharp and denticulate without; terminal space narrow, clear. Hind 
wing dark fuscous gray, fringes whitish. Expanse, 17-19 mm. 

Cotypes—Two females, No. 16954, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 

DYSPTERIS TRIFILARIA Walker. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
DYSPTERIS AMATA Cramer. 

4, Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Taboga Island, February, 
1912 (Busck). 

LEPTIDULE ANTITHESIS, new species. 

Entirely reddish ocher; the male with a large patch of raised ocher 
scales on underside of fore wing from lower part of cell and origin of 
vein 3 over vein 1; a similar patch on upper side of hind wing (cover- 
ing the first when the wings are closed) from subcostal vein to lower 
edge of cell. Antenne blackish. Expanse, male, 28 mm.; female, 
22-30 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 15955, U.S.N.M.; the female 
selected from a series of 19, La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); others 
from Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

DOCHEPHORA FUMOSA Warren. 
2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 


Subfamily HHMITHIIN 2A. 
TACHYPHYLE OLEASTER Schaus. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
TACHYPHYLE MAIESTER, new species. 

Fore wing rather strongly faleate; dark green, the apex red-brown, 
the extreme costa and tip black; some blackish freckles along costal 
half; discal dot rounded, purplish; outer line only present, broad, 
purplish over white, joining the costa near apex. Hind wing long 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 999 


drawn out at anal angle, green, with a single line like that of fore 
wing, slightly beyond the minute discal dot. Expanse, 27 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16054, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 
TACHYPHYLE OUBRICA, new species. 

Green, the markings faint; discal dots minute, black; outer line 
pale, dark within, much as in bryata Felder. Hind wing with a large 
square light purple patch at anal angle, reaching from outer line to 
margin. Expanse, 22 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16055, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

PHRUDOCENTRA PUPILLATA Warren. 

6. Trinidad River. March, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 
1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

DICHORDA OBLIQUATA Warren. 

3. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, 
May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

RACHEOSPILA OCELLATA Stoll. 

21. Taboga Island, January, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, February, 
1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

RACHEOSPILA ATRAPES Druce. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
RACHEOSPILA INTENSA Warren=EXPULSATA Walker. 

6. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1911 
(Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

RACHEOSPILA ATURIA Druce. 

1. Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck). 
RACHEOSPILA SIGILLARIA Guenée. 

3. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); Porto Bello, May, 1911. (Busck). 

RACHEOSPILA CONCINNARIA Schaus. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
RACHEOSPILA DELICATESCENS, new species. : 

Translucent pale green; discal dot minute, black on fore wing, 
double and white on hind wing; each wing with a narrow marginal 
border of pale purple, blotched with white, widened at vein 5 and 
tornus. Abdomen purplish dorsally with purple crests, metallic at 
their sides. Expanse, 24 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16056, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, March, 1911 
(Busck). 


RACHEOSPILA AGENORIA Schaus. 
1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 


930 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


RACHEOSPILA ALBOCILIARIA Herrich-Schiffer. 

3. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck). 

PYROCHLORA RHANIS Cramer. 

7. Trinidad River, March, 1912, and June (Busck); Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

CHLORINTHIS PULCHERRIMA Butler. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
SYNCHLORA FRONDARIA Guenée. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
MIANTONOTA CARBINA Druce. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
OGOSPILA ROSIPARA Warren. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
DRYADOPSIS ADJUNCTARIA, new species. 

Similar to D. pulveraria Schaus, smaller, the discal mark closely 
approximated to the inner line; costa less broadly strigose in brown; 
submarginal row of dots punctiform on both wings. Expanse, 24mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16057, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River. March, 1912 
(Busck). 

TACHYCHLORA LEPIDARIA Mischler. 

2. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 

(Busck). 
NEGATHIA COMPTATA Felder. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
RACHEOLOPHA SARPTARIA Mischler. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
HYDATA CADUCATA Felder. 

1. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 

Very close to a specimen from Costa Rica identified by Schaus, but 
small. 

CHLOROPTERYX PRODUCTARIA Herrich-Schaffer. 

2. Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 

(Busck). 
CHLOROPTERYX HYPERYTHRARIA Guenée. 

2. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
CHLOROPTERYX SUBRUFESCARIA Warren. 

3. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck) ; 
Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 

CHLOROPTERYX ALBIDATA Warren. 

7. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 
1911 (Buseck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 231 


Subfamily ACIDALIIN ©. 

HETEREPHYRA SEMIBRUNNEA Warren. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
HETEREPHYRA ILLIMITATA Warren. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
HETEREPHYRA PUNCTATA Stoll. 

5. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 

Also two large specimens, Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chor- 
rera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
HETEREPHYRA CUNEIFERA Warren. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
HETEREPHYRA NALTONA Schaus. 

1. Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 
DICHROMATOPODIA CERVINA Warren. 

2. Taboga Island, February, 1912, and June, 1911 (Busck). 
ANISODES DISPERGARIA Miéschler. . 

3. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 
(Busck); Cabima, April, 1911 (Busck). 
ANISODES CANDARA Druce. 


1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 


ANISODES RUFICOSTA Warren. 
1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 


CNEMODES INDIGNARIA Guenée. 

2. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
CRASPEDIA UMBILICATA Guenée. 

39. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 
1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal 
Zone, April, 1911 (Busck), July, 1912 (Busck, J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts) ; 
Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

IDZA OSSULARIA Hiibner. 

22. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, February, 
1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, April, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal 
Zone, April, 1911 (Busck), July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 

A small, depauperate form as compared with United States speci- 
mens. The three males from Taboga Island are better developed. 
IDZA SUBQUADRATA Guenée. 

22. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 
1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, May, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck); Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal 
Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 

IDEA ASOPIATA Guenée. 

6. LaChorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 

(J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts). 


232 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


IDZA IMPROPRIATA Walker. 

45. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, May, 1911 
(Buseck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 

IDZA LANCEOLESCENS, new species. 

Fore wing narrow, pointed, the outer margin oblique; creamy 
brown with narrow whitish lines, obscure, the submarginal coarsely 
waved. Lines still fainter on hind wing. Discal dots on both wings 
round, black, distinct, though small. Expanse, 8-10 mm. 

Cotypes.—Three females, No. 16070, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck). 

IDZA COSTIFERA, new species. 

Creamy whitish; costa of fore wing distinctly brown on the basal 
half, fading outwardly; fore wing with three slender brown lines, 
irregularly and slightly wavy, the outer and submarginal both ex- 
curved a little on the discal venules, the submarginal also excurved on 
subcostal venules; slight brown irrorations in terminal space; a ter- 
minal brown line; discal dot small, brown. Hind wing with two lines, 
the inner running through the discal dot, the outer similar to that 
on fore wing. Expanse, male 16 mm., female 18 mm. The lines 
in the male are narrower than in the female and somewhat broken. 

Cotypes—Male and female, No. 16071, U.S.N.M; Taboga Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Buseck). Also six, 
with additional localities Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, 
Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 

“PYRINIA” DETRACTARIA Walker. 

1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Buseck). 

This species does not belong to Pyrinia, which genus falls in another 
subfamily. 

LIGONIA EXQUISITATA Miéschler. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
ASELLODES LATERUARIA Guenée. 

2. Taboga Island, February, 1912, and June, 1911 (Buseck). 
TRYGODES MERTA Druce. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 

DITHADAMA ANGULATA Schaus. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

DITHADAMA DELIA Schaus. 

3. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1911 
(J. Zetek). 

EUMACRODES (EUACIDALIA) ORBELIA Druce. 

5. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Buseck). 

CAMBOGIA HELIDARIA Guenée. 
1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 


NO. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. Zoo 


CAMBOGIA TEGULARIA Guenée. 

1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
CAMBOGIA HULAQUINA, new species. 

Nearest to wndulosata Warren; but without the black discal points 
and the central shade; yellow, with many wavy purple lines, the 
median one heavy and angled; no blackish shadings. Expanse, 
19 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16059, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
LIPOMELIA DIVARICATA Warren. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Buseck); Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 
(Busck). 

EOIS RUSSEARIA Hiibner. 

1. Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 
EOIS QUADRIRUBATA Warren. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Buseck). 
HYRIA GAVISATA Walker. 

6. Trinidad River, March and June, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, 
April, 1911 (Busck). 

HYRIA RADIARIA Schaus. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Buseck). 
HYRIA FLEXILINEA Warren. 

2. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 
(Busck). 

HYRIA RUBIDENTATA Warren. 

4, Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck). 

HYRIA HELLERIA Schaus. 

11. Porto Bello, March, 1912 (Buseck); Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 
1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 

Schaus’s type is a female. The male has the fore wing pointed; 
pale yellow with round black discal dot; a rounded purple patch on 
inner margin rising close to cell; slight powderings beyond the discal 
dot. Hind wing with the costal half rust-brown; a wide pale yellow 
vacuole below tho discal dot; anal area broadly purple; a little yellow 
at apex. 

HYRIA ROSINARIA Schaus. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

HYRIA GEMMA Schaus. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

Differs slightly from the types from Mexico, but scarcely to a 
specific degree. 

HYRIA PAULESCA, new species. 

Fore wing whitish-purple, frosted, margin yellow, broader sub- 

costally and at tornus, shaded, a little pinkish at the joining of the 


934 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou 47. 


colors. Hind wing purple, with even central curved yellow band and 
narrow yellow margin, shading to pinkish as on fore wing. Expanse, 
9 mm. 

Type—No. 16060, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). Also nine others with additional localities Taboga Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Buseck); Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck). 

HYRIA CROCEIMARGINATA Schaus. 

1. Trinidad River, May, 1912 (Busck). 

More violaceous, less deep purple than Schaus’s type from Costa 
Rica, but otherwise the same. _ 

TRICENTRA COLLIGATA Warren. 

7. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck). 

The red is less uniform than in the type of Warren, the marginal 
markings being often more or less deep purple; but a separate name 
is possibly not necessary at present. 

CALYPTOCOME IGNIFER Warren. 

11. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 
(J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts.) 
CALYPTOCOME RIVULARIA Dyar. 

11. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 
(J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts). 
CALYPTOCOME SUBRUBELLA Warren. 

2. Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck), July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 
CALYPTOCOME CONCOLORARIA Dognin. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

CALYPTOCOME PTYCTOGRAPHA Dyar. 

1. Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 
CALYPTOCOME CATAGOMPHA Dyar. 

1. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 
NEOSTERICHA THETIS Warren. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

DEPTALIA INSULARIA Guenée. 

1. Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck). 
HEMIPTILOTA RUDIMENTARIA Guenée. 

25. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
March, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck) ; Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrara, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal 
Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts). 

HAEMALEA PULLIDA Dognin. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
HAEMALEA TERMINATA Guenée. 

13. Porto Bello, February, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
July, August, and November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 


no. 2050. LHPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. ar 


HAEMALEA CRUORATA Warren (=OLMIA Druce). 
24. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Alhajueio, April, 1911 
(Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, June, 1911 
(Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 
HAEMALEA STRAMINEA Warren. 
1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 


nes 
Or 


| HAEMALEA MACOARIA Schaus. 


2. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
HAEMALEA MACOUMA Schaus. 

4, Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck) ; La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
PAMMERIS EURIOPIS, new species. 

Fore wing yellow over the disk and margin, costa broadly pale 
purple, basal two-thirds of inner margin broadly dark purple. Hind 
wing with a large white discal patch, black edged, the disk salmon 
pink with fine dentate black line; submarginal area purple; margin 
rather broadly yellow. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16064, U.S.N.M.; Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 

Near P. albigutta Warren, but the white spot on hind wing much 
larger. 

PTYCHOPODA ZOALMA, new species. 

Purple, frosted with whitish; costa whitish; margin broadly orange 
brown, shaded to deeper before the purple; fore wing with a purple 
discal dot and two outer lines, close together and joining on inner 
margin. Hind wing with a wavy line across the disk and another 
farther out, the ground deep purple just before the red border. 
Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type—No. 16058, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, May, 1912 (Busck). 
Also a worn specimen from Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus collection). 

Close to P. flavicincta Warren, but more washed with whitish. 
PTYCHOPODA ADIPATA Schaus. 

19. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
March, 1912, and May, 1911 (Busck) ; Porto Bello, April, 1911 (Busck) ; 
Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck) ; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck) ; 
La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

PTYCHOPODA HORRIFICA Warren. 

8. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Trmidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, June, 1911 (Busck). 

PTYCHOPODA FINITA Warren. 

2. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

Ptychopoda muscifasciata Warren is another name for the female. 
PTYCHOPODA CEDRICA, new species. 

Male——Wings squarish; mid tibie without hair-pencil; fore wing 
with pencil of long hairs arising from a short lobe on middle of inner 
margin below and extending to anal angle, its tip covering an oval 


236 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


fovea. Straw-color, the margin purplish to outer line, which is dark 
and irregular; discal dot minute; two shaded marks on costa; all the 
marks faint and not contrasted. Expanse, 9 mm. 

Female.—Wings more pointed; markings the same but more dis- 
tinct, discal dot and broad purple border, reaching almost to the edge, 
but little vacuolated with straw-color on the margin, limited within 
by the darker, more purplish line, which is slightly irregular; two 
faint marks on costa; no marginal dots. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Cotypes—Male and female, No. 16061, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, 
June, 1911 (Busck). Also 9 males and 25 females, all from Taboga 
Island except 1 male and 2 females, which are from Cabima, May, 
1911 (Busck), and Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck), July, 
1912 (J. Zetek). 

PTYCHOPODA ONCA Druce. 

1. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 

PTYCHOPODA SUBCRINITA Schaus. b 

7. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
March, 1911 (Busck) ; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck) ; Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 
PTYCHOPODA UMBRIMARGO, new species. 

Male with a hair-tuft on the mid tibie, which are short and have 
one very long spur and one short one; fore wing simple. Brownish 
straw-color, irrorate with purple; discal dots black; outer line evenly 
curved, scarcely at all irregular, the marginal space filled in with 
purplish except along the apex and tornus, where it is pale; a row of 
terminal black dashes; fringe pale. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Cotypes—Male and female, No. 16062, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 
1911 (Busck). Also 1 male and 23 females, La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad 
River, June, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck) ; Corozal, 
Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck). 

Close to P. onca Druce, female, but the outer line is more parallel to 
the margin, making the marginal purple area more uniform and 
broader at tornus. Differs from P. subcrinita Schaus, female, in the 
even outer line. 

PTYCHOPODA VAGATA Warren. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
PTYCHOPODA SINCERIO, new species. 

Male with a hair-tuft at base of middle femur and large one on 
tibia; a tuft covering the base of the small hind leg. Hind wing 
small, oval, with but one anal vein close to the margin. Pale straw- 
color, the margin broadly purplish, limited by the irregular outer line, 
vacuolated on the termen; a row of terminal dashes. Hind wing with 
the outer half purplish, a little mottled. Expanse, 11 mm. 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 237 


Type.—Male, No. 16065, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck) 
Two females, which I have tentatively associated, closely resemble 
P. cedrica cited above, but are rather darker; Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck) ; Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 
PTYCHOPODA CLOTHULA, new species. 

Straw-color, irrorate with red-brown; inner line distinct, straight, 
the base more or less purple-shaded; discal dot minute; outer line 
rather near the margin, inbent on submedian; margin purple-shaded, 
broadly pale at apex. Hind wing similar, the margin less distinctly 
purple-shaded; a finely broken terminal line. Male without hair- 
tufts on the legs, the hind legs slender and complete, though small. 
Expanse, male, 10 mm.; female, 11 mm. 

Ootypes.—Male and female, No. 16066, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal 
Zone, April, 1911 (Busck). Also 10 males and 3 females, Taboga 
Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); 
Paraiso, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, May, 1911 
(Busck); Porto Bello, May, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

Allied to rufarenaria Warren. 

GONIACIDALIA BALMATA, new species. 

Uniformly purplish, evenly irrorated; discal dot large; outer line 
crenulate. Hind wing notched on the margin, the anal angle lobed 
and distorted; a groove in the center of the wing above containing 
orange hairs. Expanse, 12 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16063, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, February, 1912 
(Buseck). Also four other males, Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 
(Buseck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

Like G. furciferata Packard, but smaller and darker. Some of the 
females cited under P. umbrimargo above may appertain to this species. 
Accurate association of the sexes is difficult. 

DEINOPYGIA FALCIPENNIS Warren. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
DEINOPYGIA CONIFER Warren. 

20. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 
1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, April and May, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck). 

DEINOPYGIA TRIANGULATA Warren. 

2. Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck). 

DEINOPYGIA RECTIFACIENS, new species. 

Pale straw-color, the margins faintly purple tinted; fore wing 
acute, with scattered irrorations; discal dot minute; an outer rather 
broad purplish band, bent out a little over the discal nervules; ter- 
minal dots around apex and to the middle of outer margin. Hind 
wing similar, but the band preceding the discal dot is straight, run- 


238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. . 


ning to inner margin above tornus. Male with yellow hairs along 
inner area of hind wing below. Expanse, 11-12 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, No. 16067, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 
1912 (Busck). 

Near D. caudata Warren, but the hind wing squarer, less pointed at 
tornus. 

DEINOPYGIA GOSPERA, new species. 

Similar to the preceding, the wings more rounded, less acute; hind 
wing rounded, outer margin scarcely excavate, anal angle not at all 
tailed; below in the male with yellow hairs along inner margin. 
Band of fore wing more upright, more bent, indistinctly attaining the 
costa; terminal dots all along the margin. Lines of hind wing slen- 
derer, linear, less oblique. The female is similar, but the band on 
hind wing is broad. Expanse, male, 10 mm.; female, 11 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16068, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck), and Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). Also 
3 males and 2 females, Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, 
April and May, 1912 (Busck). 

Subfamily HNNOMIN 45s. 
OPOISTHOXIA MOLPODIA Druce. 
1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
OPISTHOXIA NITIDISQUAMA Warren. 
2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
OPISTHOXIA FORMOSANTE Cramer. 

5. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 

Agrees with formosante from Surinam above, but below washed 
with white. Cramer says of formosante that the underside is violet 
or bluish white. It is possible that the species varies in this respect, 
hence I do not propose a name for the present form. 
OPHTHALMOPHORA PHRYNEARIA Schaus. 

4, Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

PHRYGIONIS PALLICOSTA Felder. _ 

1. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 
APLOGOMPHA CHOTARIA Schaus. 

7. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 
(J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts). 

APLOGOMPHA ANGUSTA, new species. 

Close to A. costimacula Warren, the markings being essentially the 
same, but the fore wing of the male long and narrow, hind wing mod- 
erate, not broadly expanded, while the basal two-thirds of both 
wings below are washed with yellowish. Female pale brown above, 
but with the markings of the male on both sides. Expanse, male, 
23 mm.; female, 21 mm. 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 939 


Cotypes.—Ma'e and female, No. 16072, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 
1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

For the determination of A. costimacula I depend upon a specimen 
from Costa Rica labeled by Mr. Schaus. The female from French 
Guiana before me labeled by Mr. Warren agrees perfectly with the 
male type of A. argentilinea Schaus. The female type of argentilinea 
has lost the pale spot of hind wing on both surfaces. 

CHRYSOCESTIS FIMBRIARIA Cramer. 

10. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 
(Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck). 

BERBERODES CAMPYLOPHLEPS, new species. 

Male.—Viind wing with the margin produced at veins 1-2, vein 1 
bent and running along close to the margin of the lobe, the membrane 
full and distorted. White, translucent, fore wing brown shaded 
along costa and margin and with three bands of quadrate metallic yel- 
lowish spots. Hind wing with the margin brown, the expanded area 
purplish shaded; three rows of spots above vein 2 as on fore wing. 
Expanse, 27 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16073, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 
1911 (Buseck). 

Nearest to B. cassotius Warren. 

BERBERODES IMPURA, new species. 

Male-——Wings without modification; white, the lines obscure; 
median space of both wings stained with metallic ocher, on fore wing 
not attaining the costa and defining a white discal streak; costa 
freckled with black; terminal area grayish, irrorate, with a black speck 
at vein 6 of fore wing; terminal dots small. Beneath, translucent 
white with rather broad brown-black border on both wings; fringe 
pale, tinged with brown. Expanse, 19 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16074, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
SEMIOTHISA ACCUMULATA Guenée. 

3. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, Feb- 
ruary, 1911 (Busck). 

SEMIOTHISA ORBONATA Guenée. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
' SEMIOTHISA CARDINEA Druce. 

2. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Buseck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 
SEMIOTHISA ENOTATA Guenée. 

9. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, 
May, 1912 (Busck). 

SEMIOTHISA CARPO Druce. 
9. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 47. 


SEMIOTHISA ARENISA Dognin. 

3. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 

(J. Zetek). 
SEMIOTHISA INFUSATA Guenee. 

2. Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 
SEMIOTHISA SANTAREMARIA Walker. 

6. LaChorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 
(CaP. Crafts). 

SEMIOTHISA NIGROPUNCTATA Warren. 

5. Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts). 
SEMIOTHISA DIFFUSATA Guenée. 

2. Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 WJ. Zetek). 

SEMIOTHISA PALLIDATA Warren. 

5. Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 WJ. Zetek). 
SEMIOTHISA ACHETATA Guenée. 

1. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck). 
SEMIOTHISA JOSEFARIA Schaus. 

4. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

Differing in several respects, but so close that I do not like to 
separate it at present. 

SEMIOTHISA BEJUCOARIA, new species. 

Very close to S. occultata Warren, darker, more densely and uni- 
formly irrorate; submarginal straight band broad, farther out; 
median band broader and more evident. Hind wing densely irrorate, 
the line preceding the discal dot broadened with shading. Expanse, 
29-30 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two females, No. 16076, U.S.N.M.; Bejuco River (W. 
Schaus). 

SEMIOTHISA PERPENDICULATA Guenée. 
1. Bugaba (W. Schaus). 
UREPIONE QUADRILINEATA Walker. 

2. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
NEMATOCAMPA RETICULATA Butler. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
TETRACIS ATROPUNCTARIA Walker. 

3. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Buseck); Corozal, Canal Zone, May, 1912 (Busck). 

METANEMA ANOPSIARIA Guenée. 

11. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
April, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

MYCHONIA EXCISA Warren. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
APICIA NYPARIA Walker. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. - 24] 


APICIA EXERARIA Guenée. 

4, Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
Mareh, 1912 (Buseck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

APICIA ALTERARIA Guenée. 

18. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
July, 1912 (J. Zetek), November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

APICIA DISTYCHARIA Guenée. 

4. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 
1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

RHOMBOPTILA BRANTSIATA Schaus. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 
PATALENE HAMULATA Guenée. 

6. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); 
Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 
HALESA ZNITUSALIS Walker. 

3. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
EUSARCA SUBFASCIATA Warren. 

2. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
CLETA MINUTA Druce. 

1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck). 
CLETA FARAGITA Schaus. 

1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 

DREPANODES DREPANULA Hiibner. 

3. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 

(Busck). 
OXYDIA SIXOLA Schaus. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
OXYDIA TRANSCENDENS Walker. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
PARAGONIA TASMIA Cramer. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
AESCHROPTERYX TETRAGONATA Guenée. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
THYSANOPYGA APICITRUNCARIA Herrich-Schiiffer. 

13. Taboga Island, January, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, March 
and June, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Buseck); Corozal, Canal 
Zone, May, 1912 (Busck). 

AZELINA RUMINA Druce. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
AZELINA LIGNATA Warren. 

6. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 and May, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); 
La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——16 


242 . PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


AZELINA DORSIPUNCTATA Warren. 
2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
AZELINA SOLITARIA Schaus. 
1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
AZELINA STOLIDATA Guenée. 
3. Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck). 


PERGANA POLYGONARIA Herrich-Schiffer. : 

1. Porto Bello, March, 1912 (Busck). 

CATOPYRRHA DECREPITARIA Hiibner. 

6. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); 
Trinidad River, March and June, 1912 (Busck). 

CASBIA OROANDA Druce. 

2. Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 
CASBIA NICETARIA Guenée. 

2. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
CASBIA PALLIDICOSTA Warren. 

1. Tabago Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
CYCLOMIA STRIGIFERA Warren. 

25. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 
1911 (Busck), July, 1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts); La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, June, 1911 (Busck). 

CYCLOMIA FULVIMACULA Warren. 

1. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 
CYCLOMIA OCELLATA Warren. 

1. Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 
ISCHNOPTERIS RASTELLARIA Felder. 

2. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 
(Busck). 

GENUSA VICINA Schaus. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
AMPHIDASYS ARNOBIA Cramer. 

4, La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, May, 1912 
(Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1911 (Busck). 

GAZENA CATAMELAS Kaye. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
PHYSOCLEORA NUBILATA Warren. 

26. Taboga Island, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 
1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

PHYSOCLEORA CAMERATA Warren. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
PHYSOCLEORA CAPRUMA Schaus. 

2. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck). 

Not agreeing very well with the type from Brazil, but both speci- 
mens in bad condition, unfit to describe. 


No. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 943 


PHYSOCLEORA PUSILLA Warren. 

6. Trinidad River, March, 1912, and May, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck). 

CATORIA UNIPENNARIA Guenée. 

2. Porto Bello, April, 1911 (Busck). 
CATORIA THARPOIDES Thierry-Mieg. 

3. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
April, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

ALCIS PANDROSOS Schaus. 

4. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

ALCIS DELICATA Butler. 

1. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 

ALCIS PLENARIA Walker. 

2. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 

April, 1911 (Busck). 
ALCIS UMBELLULARIA Hiibner. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
EPIMECIS FRATERNARIA Guenée. 

2. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 
1911 (Busck). 

EPIMECIS SUBALBIDA Warren. 

1. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 
TORNOS PENUMBROSA, new species. 

Female.—Heavily shaded with black, especially over margin of fore 
wing and all of hind wing except costa; lines obscure, the outer trace- 
able, denticulate; apex and center of wing brown; costa blackish 
shaded; discal spot large, raised; subterminal line white, pulverulent 
punctiform. A black discal dot on hind wing and traces of whitish 
subterminal line. Expanse, 23 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16075, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

This is possibly a dark variety of T. quadripunctata Warren (= punc- 
tata Druce), but I think more likely distinct. Mr. Schaus obtained a 
similar specimen in Costa Rica (Sixola River, March, 1907). 


ASTYOCHIA FAULA Druce. 


1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 


Subfamily OKNOCHROMIN &. 
HEDYLE HELICONARIA Guenée. 

6. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, Feb- 
ruary, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Trini- 
dad River, March 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
ZANCLOPTERYX SUBSIMILIS Warren. 

2. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 


244 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


ee ee ee eee 
ZANCLOPTERYX UNIFERATA Walker. 


1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 


ACHLORA CCENOBIATA Felder. 
1. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 


Family DIOPTIDZ. 

JOSIA FULVIA Linneus. 

8. Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 
ACTEA BRYCE Walker. 

8. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 
(Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
EPHIALTIAS PSEUDENA Boisduval. 

6. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 
1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
SCOTURA LEUCOPHLEPS Warren. 

5. Trinidad River, March and June, 1912 (Busck); La Chorerra, 
May, 1912 (Busck). 
ZUNACETHA BIPARTITA Walker. 

2. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 
PHEOCHLENA TENDINOSA Hiibner. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
TITHRAUSTES HAMON Druce. 


1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
Family URANIIDZ. 


URANIA FULGENS Walker. 
3. Ancon, Canal Zone (O. Celestine), ‘“very numerous in April” 


(B. G. Ireneo). 


MANIA EMPEDOCLES Cramer. 
1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 


MANIA LUNUS Linnzus. 
1. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck). 


Family EPIPLEMID. 
NEDUSIA PLACIDARIA Walker. 
1. Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 


ANTIPLECTA CINERASCENS Warren. 
1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 


Superfamily TINEOIDEA. 
Family NOLIDZ. 


RGSELIA BIFILIFERATA Walker. 

5. Trinidad River, March and June, 1912 (Busck). 
R@SELIA POLYODONTA Schaus. 

3. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 
1912 (Busck). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 945 


RGSELIA PERNITENS Schaus. 

3. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
March, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 

RESELIA MESOGRAPHA Schaus. 

3. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

In these specimens the median band is nearly absent, leaving only 
a large costal spot. The species was described as a Nola, but I find 
vein 9 to be present, though very short. 

RESELIA PEDANTA Dyar. 

7. Trinidad River, March and June, 1912 (Busck). 
RCSELIA PECTA, new species. 

Whitish gray, slightly irrorate; a rounded triangular black-brown 
spot in the middle of the costa; inner line brown, slightly curved; 
outer line wavy, gently excurved from vein 2 to vein 6, preceded 
below by some brown spots; subterminal line blackish, irregular; 
some brown shading on the margin on the lower half. Hind wing 
faintly fuscous tinged outwardly, with cloudy gray discal dot and 
marginal line. Expanse, 15 mm. 

Cotypes——Two males, No. 16077, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck). 

RGSELIA HYPOPECTA, new species. 

Whitish gray; a square black blotch on the middle of costa reach- 
ing down to median vein; a wavy median line just beyond it and 
close to the outer line, which is slender, straight, running obliquely 
between veins 6 to 2; subterminal line wavy, shaded, blackish, fol- 
lowed by brown except at apex, the brown ending in dark terminal 
points. Hind wing pale fuscous. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16078, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

RESELIA MICROPECTA, new species. 

Pale gray; fore wing with a triangular dark gray blotch on costa 
at middle; lines slender, blackish, the outer excurved over cell; ter- 
men gray shaded, the subterminal line wavy, a little darker than the 
shading; costa finely speckled with gray and white. Hind wing pale 
fuscous, uniform, discal dot darker. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Cotypes.—One male, two females, No. 16079, U.S.N.M.; La Chor- 
rera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 
RCSELIA MELLETES, new species. 

Fore wing whitish, the margin broadly shaded with gray irorra- 
tions, not compact nor defined; inner line angled outwardly sub- 
costally, irregular, broken; outer line smooth, black, regularly ex- 
curved opposite cell, doubled below; subterminal line black, dentate, 
mixed in the terminal shading; a row of terminal black dots alter- 
nating with spots in the fringe. Hind wing fuscous outwardly, pale 
at base; discal dot darker. Expanse, 16-18 mm. 


246 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


Cotypes.—One male, three females, No. 16080, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck); Trin- 
idad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 

RGSELIA ATYPICA, new species. 

Whitish, rather coarsely irrorate with blackish; a dark spot on 
base of costa; inner line shaded, curved; outer line oblique to costa, 
bordering a dark oblique patch, then curved around parallel to mar- 
gin; subterminal line regular and even, parallel to margin, finely den- 
ticulate; the gray irrorations denser on the margin. Hind wing pale, 
fuscous tinged along veins and margin. Expanse, 15 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16081, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
NOLA ZXSCHYNTELA, new species. 

Pale gray with black irrorations in clusters; inner line slender, 
curved, irregular; outer line dotted, excurved over cell and less so 
below, preceded by a black shade throughout, but most distinct below 
with red-brown shading on margin and tornus; subterminal line spot- 
ted and diffused, blackish; margin darkly irrorate. Hind wing fus- 
cous, pale at base; discal dot darker. Expanse, 14 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two females, No. 16083, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, 
March and June, 1912 (Busck). Also one male and six females with 
additional localities, La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal 
Zone, January, 1911 (Busck). 

NOLA BRUNNEIFERA, new species. 

Similar to the preceding, but the lines lost in a black irrorate shade 
that replaces the outer line and its duplication and runs along costa 
to base, forming streaks on the veins; brown marking on inner mar- 
gin to tornus distinct; terminal markings reduced to irrorations. 
Hind wing pale, with more fuscous margin. Expanse, 12 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, No. 16084, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck). 

Possibly this is the male of xschyntela, of which the single male 
cited as paratype is badly rubbed. 

NOLA NEPHELEPASA, new species. 

Pale gray, the markings nearly obliterated; an aggregation of dark 
scales near middle of costa entering the cell; a few specks for outer 
line; subterminal line a waved cloud. Hind wing gray, pale at base; 
no trace of discal dot. Expanse, 15 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16085, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 
1911 (Busck). 

NOLA CHAUNA, new species. 

Whitish, broadly gray on the margin, cut by the whitish sinuate 
subterminal line and narrowly separated below from the slender, 
powdery, blackish outer line, which forms two smooth arcs; costa 
shaded with brown, broadening out beyond base and forming a larger 
patch beyond middle; a few dots toward apex. Hind wing fuscous 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 247 


tinged, most strongly so outwardly, the veins darker. Veins 7-10 
stalked, 9 absent, 11 straight. Expanse, 9 mm. 

Ootypes.—Three males, No. 16086, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 

Near JN. artata Schaus from Costa Rica, but the costal patch is 
longer and more outwardly oblique. 

NOLA NIMBIMARGO, new species. 

Similar to chauna, the marginal clouding blacker; subterminal line 
obscure; outer line powdery, denticulate, not smooth; costal band 
distinct on basal two-thirds, enlarged into a small patch at the end. 
Hind wing translucent fuscous. Expanse, 12 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16093, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

More like artata in costal marking than chauwna is, but the outer line 
does not form a prominent coarse tooth on submedian as in artata. 

I have also placed here two females in poor condition from La 
Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck), and Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). . 
NOLA PROTHYMA, new species. 

Whitish, the margin gray and with a roundedly irregular, clouded 
submarginal line; a spot at base of costa; inner line coarse and den- 
tate, obsolete below; a triangular costal, median, brown mark, from 
which a straight line runs across the wing; outer line slender, pow- 
dery, and a little broken, forming an arc above and a small one below. 
Hind wing pale fuscous, darker outwardly and on fringe. Expanse, 
10 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16087, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, 
May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck). 

NOLA QUINTESSA, new species. 

Pale gray, irrorate, the irrorations a little denser at the margin; 
subterminal shade rather remote, clouded, undulate on its outer mar- 
gin; outer line nearly straight, oblique, shaded, and powdery, outbent 
a little in the middle; inner line broad, shaded, subparallel to the 
outer and likewise oblique. Hind wing pale gray; no discal dot. 
Expanse, 13 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16091, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 
1911 (Busck). 

Allied to N. apera Druce, but the outer line not forming points on 
the veins. | 
NOLA ZETECI, new species. 

Blackish gray, dark, the fore wing narrow, its margins subparallel; 
a dark blotch at base and a large one near middle of costa, clouded 
and diffused across the wing; outer line oblique, dotted on the veins; 
subterminal somewhat dotted, obscure; a row of terminal black 
dots. Hind wing pale with fuscous margin and discal dot. Ex- 
panse, 14 mm. 


7 248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


Type.—Male, No. 16090, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 
(J. Zetek). 

NOLA CONTORTA, new species. 

Pale gray; costa pale brown, forming two spots close together, one 
between the raised stigmatal scales, the other just beyond; lines 
faint, blackish, broken; inner line waved and with duplicating patches 
within; outer broadly excurved above, with parallel browner shad- 
ings; subterminal line brownish, shaded, forming an are above and 
a broader one over discal venules. Hind wing uniformly pale fuscous 
with darker discal dot. Expanse, 16 mm. 

On fore wing the stalk of veins 7-10 (9 absent) is bent downward 
and vein 11 bent in the opposite direction at base. 

Type.—Female, No. 16094, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). 

NOLA FLAVESCENS, new species. 

Fore wing washed with pale yellow from base to outer line, with 
black irrorations and a central shade in place of inner line; costa 
pale brownish with two inconspicuous expansions; outer line black- 
ish, distinct, smooth, evenly excurved above; terminal area pale 
gray, clouded with darker gray next the outer line and termen; sub- 
terminal line sinuate, denticulate, narrow, dark. Hind wing fuscous, 
paler at base; no discal dot. Expanse, 16 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16095, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 
1912 (Busck). 

NOLA HABROPHYES, new species. 

Head and thorax pure white. Base of fore wing white, with dark 
brown basal costal spot; terminal two-thirds of wing black-brown, 
bounded by an upright, straight edge; black area with scattered 
dark and silvery blue scales; a faint pale, smooth outer line visible, 
excurved over cell; some pale scales before the apex. Hind wing 
blackish gray; discal dot darker. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16082, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

CELAMA SORGHIELLA Riley. 

10. Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek), August, 1912 (C. 
P. Crafts). 

CELAMA SYLPHA, new species. 

Whitish, rather sparsely irrorate, the general tone soft pale gray; 
costa with small brown-gray spot at base, a shaded one at inception 
of inner line and large slightly oblique one beyond middle; lines 
slender, brown-gray; inner line irregular; mesial also irregular and 
arising from the outer costal patch; outer line slender, gently ex- 
curved above; subterminal line clouded, forming three arcs; some 
dark scales on margin. Hind wing pale grayish, darker on the 
margin: no discal dot. Expanse, 11-13 mm. 


xo. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 249 


Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16096, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck). Also 14 others with additional localities 
Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Ta- 
boga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 

Three out of the sixteen specimens retain vein 8 in the fore wing 
and would therefore be referable to Nola, if this were not evidently 
a case of variation. 


Family COCHLIDIID. 
EUCLEA NORBA Druce. 

10. Porto Bello, March, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 
1912 (Busck); Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck); Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck) ; Corozal, Canal Zone, June, 1912 (Busck); Bejuco 
River (W. Schaus). 

EUCLEA BUSCKI Dyer. 

7. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, May, 1911 

(Busck). 
EUCLEA BARANDA Schaus. 

1. Bejuco River (W. Schaus). 
EUCLEA TRICHATHDOTA Dyar. 

1. Bejuco River (W. Schaus). 
METRAGA PERPLEXA Walker. 

5. Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck); Corozal, Canal 
Zone, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
METRAGA COLLE Dyar. 

8. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

This is, perhaps, only a variety of the preceding species. 

METRAGA EMILIA Dyar. 

2. Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck); Bejuco River (W. 
Schaus). 

METRAGA RUBICOLOR Dyer. 

6. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 
1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Bejuco River (W. 
Schaus). 

SEMYRA BELLA Herrich-Schiffer. 

1. Porto Bello, May, 1912 (Busck). 
SEMYRA GLADYS, new species. 

Size and markings of S. distincta Méschler, but a shaded red patch 
below the cell subbasally, the silvery line and dark spot of distincta 
wholly lacking. Expanse, 28 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16088, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, February, 1911 
(Busck). 

TALIMA STRAMINEA Schaus. 
1. Bejuco River (W. Schaus). 


SISYROSEA DIANA Druce. 
2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 


250 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


SISYROSEA (?) PARVA Dyar. 

1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
SISYROSEA (?) APHASIA, new species. 

Close to S. (?) phara Druce, but the outer line more curved above, 
meeting the costa obliquely, and the hind wing lighter brown, about 
the color of the terminal space of fore wing. 

Type.—Female, No. 16089, U.S.N.M.; Bejuco River (W. Schaus). 


EUPROSTERNA ELZASA Dyar. 
7. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
April, 1912 (Busck) ; Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck) ; Bejuco 


River (W. Schaus). 
NATADA SALTA Druce. (=FUSCA Druce). 

13. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Buseck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck) ; La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Bejuco River (W. Schaus). 
NATADA NINDLA Dyar. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, May, 1911 
(Busck). 
EPIPEROLA ALBIMARGINATA Kaye. 

4. Trinidad River, March and June, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, 
May, 1912 (Busck). 


EPIPEROLA PAIDA Dyar. 
1. Trinidad River, May, 1911 (Busck). 


EPIPEROLA VAFERA Druce. 
1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 


EPIPEROLA MONOCHROMA Dyar. 
5. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Chiriquicito, 
April, 1906 (W. Schaus) ; : Bocas del Toro, April, 1906 (W. Schaus). 
Busck’s specimen is darker than the otis, being almost brown in 
color, but of the same size and without markings. 


PEROLA VILLOSIPES Walker. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
VIPSOPHOBETRON MARONA Dyar. 

2. Trinidad River, May, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, Jay, 
1912 (C. P. Crafts). 


Family MEGALOPYGID. 

MICRORAPE MINUTA Druce. 

12. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 
NORAPE PURA Butler. 

24. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Buse: ; Cabima, May, 1911 
(Buseck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 251 


NORAPE XANTHOLOPHBA, new species. 

White; fore wing without appressed lines, costa white below; front 
and vertex yellow; pectus and fore femora black; basal tuft of abdo- 
men yellow. Expanse, 35 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16092, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

TROSIA FALLAX Felder. 
1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


TROSIA TRICOLORA Fabricius. 

6. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
TROSIA ARGENTEA Druce. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

I have the name from Mr. Schaus, but have been unable to find the 
original description. 
TROSIA ACCA RIBBEI Druce. 

2. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 
(Busck). 

The type of acca Schaus is from Mexico. Specimens from Costa 
Rica and Panama have the hind wing less orange, the fore wing grayer, 
and may perhaps hold the name ribbe2 Druce as a varietal one. 


TROSIA TYMPANIA Druce. 

1. Arajan, March, 1911 (Busck). 

I placed this species in Malmis,' but find the venation of hind wing 
varies, veins 3 and 4 being either shortly stalked or separate. 


ARCHYLUS GUTTIFASCIA Walker. 
1. Corozal, Canal Zone, November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 


MESOSCIA ERIOPHORA Sepp. 

1. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 
MEGALOPYGE COSTARICENSIS Schaus. 

6. Trinidad River, March, 1912, and May, 1911 (Busck); Porto 
Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
MEGALOPYGE LANATA Stoll. 

Panama City, April, 1911, larve on shade trees (Busck); larvee on 
“Cashew tree’? Ancon, Canal Zone, June, 1913 (E. M. Keyser). 

No adults were captured, but the larvee apparently commonly 
observed. The larva is well figured by Sepp,? under the name Pha- 
lena citr. 

MEGALOPYGE ALBICOLLIS Walker. 

4. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 

(Busck); Porto Bello, May, 1912 (Busck). 
MEGALOPYGE MULTICOLLIS Schaus. 
3. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


1 Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 12, 1910, p. 168. 
3 Surin. Vlind., vol. 1, 1830, p. 31, pl. 12. 


252 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 
UNDUZIA, new genus. 


Fore wing with veins 2-5 well separated, 6 arising below the angle 
of the cell 7-8 stalked, 9, 10, 11 on the cell, 12 free. Hind wing with 
2 to 5 well separated, 6, 7 separate, 8 from subcostal near end of cell; 
frenulum absent. Antenne short and slight. Head small, retracted. 

Type of the genus.— Unduzia gistinda, new species. 

UNDUZIA GISTINDA, new species.! ; 

Brown; wings thinly scaled, translucent; a subterminal row of faint 
yellowish spots between the veins of fore wing, appearing raised. 
Expanse, 36 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two females, No. 16097, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck). 


Family DALCERID. 


ACRAGA CARETTA Dyar. 

1. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 
ACRAGA CONDA Dyar. 

2. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
ACRAGA COA Schaus. 

5. Corozal, Canal Zone, November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts); Bugaba 
(W. Schaus). 

ANACRAGA PHILETEREA Schaus. 

3. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). 

ANACRAGA DULCIOLA, new species. - 

Fore wing brown; a yellow patch at base running out to middle of 
inner margin. Hind wing orange, shading to brown on the fringe. 
Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16099, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
Also another larger and darker specimen, Porto Bello, December, 
1912 (G. F. Cleveland). 


CA, new genus. 


Fore wing with veins 8 and 10 wanting, 9-11 long-stalked or coin- 
cident; no accessory cell. Hind wing with 3-4 shortly stalked, 5-7 
well spaced, 8 broadly joined to cell. 

Type of the genus.—Ca anastigma, new species. 

CA ANASTIGMA, new species. 

Fore wing light yellow; a wavy dirty olivaceous shade across inner 

third of wing; a similar submarginal shade, irregular, illy defined, 


1 Another species of this genus is before me from Venezuela. It may be described as— 
UNDUZIA PHAULE, new species. 

Lighter brown, the submarginal spots scarcely relieved. Veins 4-5 of fore wing are closer together, 9 is 
shortly stalked with 7-8; on hind wing 6-7 are connate. Expanse, 30 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16098, U.S.N.M.; Merida, Venezuela (S. E. Briceno). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 253 


touching the margin in places; discal dot small, round, black, placed 
up toward the costa; two minute black dots at apex. Hind wing 
whitish with faint yellow tint. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Cotypes.—Four males, No. 16100, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck). 

PARACRAGA CYCLOPHERA, new species. 

Creamy white; fore wing shaded with brown faintly; lines joined 
to each other and detached from costa and inner margin, forming an 
elliptical ring, more pointed below than above, slender, brown; some 
groups of scales in its upper part; a dot on vein 1 near middle and ter- 
minal row of dots on the veins. Hind wing immaculate. Expanse, 
20 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, No. 16101, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 
(Buseck). 

Family LACOSOMID. 
MIMALLO AMILIA Stoll. 

1. Trinidad River, May, 1912 (Busck). 
PAMEA RUMINA Druce. 

1. Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 
CICINNUS LANTONA Schaus. 

3. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
CICINNUS SOLVENS, new species. 

Male.—Fore wing with the apex falcate; dark purple gray; lines 
blackish, the inner nearly straight across the wing, a little wavy; outer 
line angled between veins 7 and 8, crenulate on the veins; discal spot 
round, blackish; an orange shade from outer line to below pointed 
apex; margin a little blackish shaded. Hind wing irrorate with dark 
scales, especially outwardly; a single mesial line, bluntly bent at upper 
third, followed below by a clouded duplication. Expanse, 43 mm. 

Female.—Wood brown; wings irrorated with purplish; lines as in 
the male, the outer followed below by a duplication in olive brown; 
duplication of line on hind wing olive-brown shaded. Expanse, 48 mm.’ 

Cotypes.—Two males, one female, No. 16102, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

CICINNUS BETA Schaus. 
1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 


Family PSYCHIDA. 


PLATCCETICUS APHAIDROPA, new species. 

Fore wing trigonate, hind wing rounded; brown, thinly scaled, 
with slight bronzy tint; veins of fore wing darker, the apex and 
margin a little more bronzy. Expanse, 19 mm. 

Type.—No. 16110, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 

Venation as in P. costaricensis Schaus, except that vein 10 is 
stalked. 


254 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


PLATCCETICUS SYMMICTA, new species. 
Fore wing broad with rounded apex; hind wing rounded trigonate; 
brown, unicolorous; hind wing a little lighter. Expanse, 12 mm. 
Type.—No. 16111, U.S.N.M.; Ancon, Canal Zone (A. H. Jennings). 
Veins 8-9 of fore wing stalked, 10 from cell; 4, 5 from a point in 
both wings. 
OIKETICUS KIRBYI Guilding. 
2. La Chorrera, April, 1912 (Busck). 


Family THY RIDIDA. 
DRACONIA RUSINA Druce. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
DYSODEA ANGULISOLA, new species. 

Fore wing dark purple-brown, nearly solidly from base to outer 
two-thirds, where it ends in a straight, oblique line; terminal area 
light yellow, finely irrorate with dark, apex shaded across to vein 7; 
a narrow band of dark brown from costa before apex, stopping at 
outer margin at middle; a small erect mark from tornus; basal dark 
area washed with light purplish in bands. Hind wing dark on 
costa fourth, the rest yellow, thickly reticulate with dark brown; a 
narrow transverse band near base; two small white-hyaline discal 
spots, the lower triangular; traces of two outer patches of dark, 
confused in the reticulations. Expanse, 26 mm. 

Type.—No. 15535, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

Near D. thyridina Felder and Rogenhofer, possibly the same, in 
case their figure is in error in the details of the apical marking of 
fore wing. 

DYSODIA REMIE, new species. 

Brick red with broken, subreiculas dark lines; a round dark spot 
at outer third of costa, from which a straight narrow line runs to inner 
margin; a subterminal broken line, lost in reticulations; a faint 
clouding at apex and tornus. Hind wing with straight mesial line 
‘following two minute, white-hyalino discal dots; all of outer space 
faintly lilacine shaded over the reticular lines except a ray outward 
from cell. Expanse, 22 mm. 

Type.—No. 15539, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
RHODONEURA THIASTORALIS Walker. 

1. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 

Agrees with a specimen from Ecuador so labeled in Mr. Schaus’s 
writing. Specimens from Jamaica and Cuba labeled ‘“ Pharambara 
thiastoralis Walk. (=violalis Poey)’’ by Mr. Warren are larger, 
browner, and with the outer margin more prominent centrally, 
but perhaps not more than a race of the same species. Walker 
described Pyralis thiastoralis from Brazil... Hampson gives it a 


1 Cat. Brit. Mus., Lep. Het., vol. 19, 1859, p. 893. 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 255 


very wide range, including the Neotropical region and Malayan 
subregion.! Specimens from Costa Rica collected by Mr. Schaus 
are all very much larger, but with the wing-shape of the Panama 
specimen. 
RHODONEURA PAULLULA Pagenstecher. 

1. Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck). 
RHODONEURA MESCEMEMNA, new species. 

Fore wing pointed at apex, a projection below middle of outer 
margin; hind wing with strong emargination below tip. Lilaceous 
with coarse black strigose dots in lines; apex minutely white with 
black dot; a square red discal mark with black dots at the corners; 
a broad outer red band, widening on costal half; terminal area reddish 
shaded; a dark subterminal line with blackish shade across it at the 
projection of the margin. Hind wing with the inner third shaded 
with black and red, cut across before middle by a reddish band, 
which runs sharply to margin below the emargination as a white ray. 
Expanse, 19 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two specimens, No. 16105, U.S.N.M.; selected from a 
series of seven; La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck) ; Corozal, Canal Zone, 
April, 1911 (Busck). 

RHODONEURA PAMMICRA, new species. 

Bronzy brown, reticulated with dark brown; two lines forming an 
outer band widening on costa, one distinct and straight; a similar 
subterminal line. Hind wing with heavier lines broadly reticulating 
over fine strige, inclosing a pale elliptical patch touching costa and 
one on tornus. Expanse, 14 mm. 

Type.—No. 16106, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 
SICULODES POSTPONENS, new species. 

Ground color whitish; terminal half of fore wing overlaid with 
smoky violaceous; numerous strigose transverse bands of blackish 
gray, the five inner ones broken, the four outer ones more continuous 
and curved; a red shade beyond end of cell with black patch below it; 
a white speck at apex, containing a black dot. Hind wing broadly 
washed with whitish on inner area, the apex violaceous gray; a 
mesial gray band, heavily stained with purple-black centrally, 
resembling a discal spot. Expanse, 23-27 mm. 

Cotypes—Two specimens, No. 16107, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal 
Zone, March, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

BRIXIA MOLECULA, new species. 

Creamy white; head brown; fore wing with fine gray strige; a 
rounded gray patch at inner third centrally and a band at outer third, 
irregular, widening to costa; a red-brown band from costa before 
apex to vein 5, forked below; a short band a tornus. Hind wing 
with an inner gray narrow band; a broad mesial one, rounded off at 


1 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1887, p. 620. 


256 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


vein 7 and narrowed at inner margin; a narrow uniform submarginal 
band stained with red-brown near the costa; fringes of both wings 
stained with red-brown. Expanse, 20 mm. 

Type.—No. 16108, U.S.N.M.; Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
HERDONIA BRIXIFACIES, new species. 

Fore wing olive grayish with darker gray bands and irrorations; 
subbasal mark on costa; inner curved band incised centrally; outer 
band a spot on costa and band below, shaded and outbent over discal 
venules; subterminal band broken centrally, its costal segment 
shaded with red-brown, furcate below against a longitudinal row of 
black dots. Hind wing creamy white with brown bands; an inner 
spot; mesial band straight, fureate toward costa, its lower limb 
black; submarginal band broken at its upper third, with a black dot 
inward from the dislocation. Expanse, 17-22 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two specimens, No. 16109, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, 
May, 1912 (Busck). 


Family PYRALIDZ. 


Subfamily PYRAUSTIN.. 


HOMOPHYSA INVISALIS Guenée. 

5. Corozal, Canal Zone, March and April, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, 
April, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

HOMOPHYSA CALLA Kaye. 

3. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, May, 1911, 
and June, 1912 (Busck). 
HOMOPHYSA CYMALIS, new species. 

Fore wing white; yellow linear shadings over base and apex; 
median space white; lines soft purplish, clouded, the inner broadly 
double, the outer excurved, denticulate below, followed by a broad 
shade to the subterminal; a white terminal patch at end of veins 2-3, 
in which black terminal dots are seen, obsolete above and below. 
Hind wing whitish, a little clouded outwardly, the peculiar terminal 
marking faintly reproduced. Expanse, 15 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16114, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). Two others with additional data, Trinidad River, March, 
1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

Allied to H. polycyma Hampson. 

HOMOPHYSA ORIOLA, new species. 

Brownish straw-color over white, the white showing in patches, 
which are especially large in the median space; lines white, edged by 
the dark color; inner line with outward angle on discal and sub- 
median folds; outer line roundly excurved on upper two-thirds, bent 
on submedian; a fine terminal black line, forming a dot subcostally 
and on submedian, preceded narrowly by white. Hind wing whitish 
costally, shaded with brownish outwardly; a white line with dark 


xo. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 257 


inner edge, obsolete above and below; terminal line with black point 
on submedian. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Type—Female, No. 16113, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Buseck). Also 7 others with additional ‘localities: Porto Bello, 
April, 1912 (Buseck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
March and August, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, November, 
19127 (CP Cratts).. 

Near H. sequistrialis Hiibner, the lines softer with edges concolorous 
with the wing-shades, the terminal line not uniform, etc. 
HOMOPHYSA MORIBUNDALIS, new species. 

Similar to H. cymalis, smaller, veins 10 and 11 of fore wing coinci- 
dent. Base and termen shaded with olive yellow; inner line rigid, 
slightly curved; median space purplish, pale on the costa; a black 
shade on termen above the middle with a white patch below. Hind 
wing soiled whitish, with faint gray outer line. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type—Female, No. 16214, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 
1912 (J. Zetek). Also one female, Porto Bello, May, 1912 (Busck). 
MASSEPHA LUPA Diuce. 

9. Trinidad River, March and June, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, 
April, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, November, 1912 (C. P. 
Crafts). 

NEUROPHYSETA MELLOGRAPTA, new species. 

White; discal mark blackish, quadrate, notched above and below; 
a wood-brown longitudinal shade on costa and one below; subbasal 
line black-brown; inner line far out, dentate on subcostal and median; 
a stripe along costa almost to inner line; a wood-brown half band 
below; outer line nearly straight above, bent in at right angles at 
vein 2, then again bent to inner margin; terminal space nearly filled 
by a black-brown band, parallel to the outer line, notched outwardly 
by white at discal and submedian folds; a terminal black line; fringe 
white, patched with black at apex and middle of outer margin. Hind 
wing with a band near the base, then clear white; median space 
filled with black-brown, except for a white ray out from the discal 
dot, straightly limited inwardly, outwardly by the bent outer line, 
which resembles that of fore wing, but is less sharply bent; termen as 
on fore wing. Expanse, 15 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16116, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). Another specimen from Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 

Close to Musotima narcissusalis Walker, as identified by Mr. Schaus 
in a specimen from Aroa, Venezuela, which, if correct, proves that 
narcissusalis should be removed from Musotima. 

PSEPHIS MINISTRALIS, new species. 

Soft brown over whitish, the lines. showing white, their dark edges 
scarcely contrasted; subbasal line straight, a little oblique; imner 

34843°—Proe.N.M.vol.47—_14—17 


258 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


line arcuate; outer line with a sharp central outcurve, almost angled; 
discal mark oblique, dark; a row of terminal black dots. Hind wing 
with single outer line, dark within, white without. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16112, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, April, 1912 
(Busck). Also 4 others with additional localities, Cabima, May, 
1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, May, 1911 (Busck). 

Allied to P. myrmidonalis Guenée, but the lines appear pale on a 
darker ground instead of the reverse. 

LIPOCOSMA PARCIPUNCTALIS, new species. 

Whitish; inner line far out, fulvous-gray, bent; outer line excurved 
above and angled outward on submedian; a brown shade at apex. 
Hind wing with a patch of dark scales representing the inner half of 
mesial band; a slender brown line curved over a patch of brown-gray 
on inner half of margin, containing four little black dots. Expanse, 
11 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16170, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 
1911 (Buseck). 

LIPOCOSMA PUNCTISSIMALIS, new species. 

Fore wing with veins 4-5 stalked; heavily irrorate with black, 
leaving a triangular white patch at basal third of inner margin, extend- 
ing up to cell; two black streaks on costa; a black discal mark; a 
heavy semicircular black and brown shade on costa outwardly, fol- 
lowed by the slender, curved outer line, which runs out near the 
margin, then in along vein 3 and is dentate on submedian; this is 
followed narrowly by black; tornus filled in with black; apex white 
with dotted terminal line. Hind wing with the margin twice incised; 
white at base and in the indentations of the outer line, else powdered 
with black; a black raised tuft below cell, followed by a dark area; a 
row of seven minute black dots with coppery scales on lower half of 
margin. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16171, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, June, 1911 
(Busck). Also four males and one female from the same place, 
February, 1912 (Busck). 

Allied to Amhia argyractalis Schaus (which is not an Ambia), but 
much smaller and more diversified in markings. Also differing in 
venation, having veins 4 and 5 of fore wing stalked, while they are 
apart in argyractalis. 

LIPOCOSMA TELIFERALIS, new species. 

Similar to L. punctissymalis and with the same venation; fore wing 
whiter, the markings more open; a white area on costa; white 
triangle narrower and followed by fulvous brown. Hind wing with- 
out any conspicuous dark area below the cell-tuft which has long thick 
hairs nearly reaching the margin; incision of outer line sharp. 


Expanse, 10 mm. 
Type.—Male, No. 16172, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, February, 1912 
(Busck). Also a female from Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 959 


LIPOCOSMA CONSORTALIS, new species. 

Fore wing creamy whitish at base with purple atoms, followed by 
a black half band on inner margin, then a broad brown band; median 
area purple filled, with an arc-shaped white discal line, running out 
along veins 4-5, slightly furcate at the end; a brown patch at costa; 
outer line excurved over cell, whitish, shaded with black in the curve 
and followed by a black patch; tornus brownish. Hind wing gray, 
whitish at base; some erect long black hairs on inner margin; outer 
line black, excurved, doubled on its inner half, followed by white 
below; margin faintly fulvous with an inner line; four minute black 
points with metallic coppery scales on inner half of the margin, which 
is excised at discal and submedian folds. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16169, U.S.N.M.; Alhajuelo, April, 1911 
(Busck). Also another female from the same place. 

Very close to Ambia metalophota Hampson from Jamaica (which is 
not an Ambia), perhaps the same species, but the present form is 
darker in tone and rather widely separated geographically. 

SUFETULA DIMINUTALIS Walker. 

14. Tabogilla Island, February, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad 
River, June, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, 
Canal Zone, November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

SUFETULA HYPOCHIRALIS, new species. 

Much like S. diminutalis, but whereas that has a broad outer dark 
border to the hind wing with erect outer line, this has a narrow border, 
the outer line oblique and joining the costa further out toward apex. 
The black shade across the disk on hind wing is linear. Expanse, 
10 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16117, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, May, 1911 
(Buseck). 

SUFETULA HYPOCHAROPA, new species. 

Similar to the preceding, but smaller; fore wing with a narrow but 
distinct pale orange-brown margin, lined on both sides with black, 
the terminal line being double and filled with this color, whereas it is 
single in diminutalis and hypochiralis. A patch of orange-brown at 
apex. Hind wing with narrow outer border, the discal shade broad 
and diffused, undifferentiated from the discal spot. Expanse, 9.5 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16118, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, May 1912 (Busck). 
Also 15 others with additional localities, Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 
1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
April, 1912 (Busck), November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts); Cabima, May, 
1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 

SCYBALISTA SEMIFERREALIS Hampson. 
29. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
March, 1911 (Busck), July, 1912 (J. Zetek), August and November, 


260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ou. 47. 


—_—_—— 


1912 (C. P. Crafts); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, 
April and May, 1912 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, May, 1911 
(Busck). 

SCYBALISTA POTENTALIS, new species. 

Fore wing white with dense longitudinal shades of ocher-brown; 
subbasal line oblique, faint, ocher-brown; inner line white with dark 
brown outer edge, oblique across cell, incurved to submedian, then 
oblique below; discal mark dark brown, lunate; outer line white, 
edged by dark brown within, excurved above, dentate at vein 3, a 
long inward tooth at vein 2, running in along 1, then parallel to inner 
line to margin; a row of uniform terminal dashes, preceded by white. 
Hind wing whitish along costa, ocher-brown shaded outwardly; outer 
line curved, white, brown within, obsolete at both ends; four central 
rounded black terminal dots, faintly duplicated within. Expanse, 
14 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16115, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, February, 
1912 (Busck). 

SYMPHYSA AMCENALIS Walker. 

1. Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 
ZINCKENIA FASCIALIS Cramer. 

4. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck) Corozal, Canal Zone, July 
and November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 
ZINCKENIA PERSPECTALIS Hiibner. 

14. Porto Bello, February, 1911, and April, 1912 (Busck); Taboga 
Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 
(Busck); July, August, and November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts); Alha- 
juelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, 
May, 1912 (Busck). 

DESMIA TAGES Cramer. 

5. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, June and August, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 
DESMIA BAJULALIS Guenée. 

2. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 

DESMIA NOTALIS Felder. 

3. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 
DESMIA GEMINALIS Snellen. 

2. Chiriqui, May, 1907 (W. Schaus); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

The male antenne are thickened on basal two-fifths, then bent, 
with minute tuft only. The specimen from Chiriqui is apparently 
the female. 

DESMIA TETRATOCERA, new species. 

Thickened basal part of antenna not over the basal fourth, then a 

tuft and curved region. Markings such as in geminalis, but the hind 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 261 


wing washed with white on costa to below vein 6; fringe blackish 
outwardly, not white. Expanse, 27 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16124, U.S.N.M.; Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 
1907 (Busck). 

DESMIA PARASTIGMA, new species. 

Male antenne unmodified, with bristles and cilia. Black; abdo- 
men with posterior segmental white lines, anal segment white-lined. 
Fore wing with two white-hyaline spots, the inner oblique, notched 
on median vein, followed by a band below, defined only by a little 
whitish shade beyond; outer spot from vein 4 to the subcostal, 
narrower above. Hind wing with costa washed with sordid whitish 
to below vein 6; a little white dash across cell; a long white streak 
form subcostal to near tornus, widened a little at veins 3-5, tapering 
below; fringes pale with fuscous interline. Expanse, 29 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16121, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
Also a male from Guapiles, Costa Rica (W. Schaus). 

DESMIA PHAIORRHGEA, new species. 

Black; fore wing with two oval white spots as in funebralis Guenée. 
Hind wing with an inner spot below cell running nearly to inner 
margin and duplicated without by a narrow white line; outer spot 
beyond cell, from subcostal to vein 3, rounded; a long double brown 
anal tuft in the male; antenns unmodified. Expanse, 25 mm. 

Type-——Male, No. 16122, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

DESMIA ACLISTALIS, new species. 

Black, replaced by bronzy brown, the black remaining only around 
the spots and at base of fringe; spots with wavy outline, the inner 
from the subcostal to vein 1, followed by a white speck below; the 
outer from the subcostal to vein 3, narrow above. Hind wing with 
a very wide spot, covering half of the wing in the center, crenulate 
without; fringe whitish outwardly. Expanse, 16 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16123, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, April, 1912 
(Busck). 

EURRHYPARODES SPLENDENS Druce. 

10. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
July and August, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

EURRHYPARODES LYDANUS Druce. 

15. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Tabogilla Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck), 
July and August, 1912 (C. P. Crafts); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); 
Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

EURRHYPARODES SCULDUS, new species, 

Thorax and fore wing dark brown, lustrous, a little purplish; inner 
line straight, dark, unrelieved and obscure; outer line outbent at 
veins 3-5 with two teeth, relieved by narrow straw-colored patches 


262 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


before the teeth and following most of the line outwardly; fringe dark, 
with pale luster in oblique light. Hind wing with the base pale 
whitish, tinted with straw-color; a black dot in cell; outer area 
purplish brown; mesial line detached from the dark area above, 
broken, showing two dots beyond the cell as remains of teeth. Ex- 
panse, 12 mm. 

Cotypes.—Five specimens, No. 16125, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 
ENTREPHIA LEVINIA Cramer. 

4. Trinidad River, March and June, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal 
Zone, November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

PAGYDA TRADUCALIS Zeller. 

6. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 
1912 (Busck). 

La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

ERCTA ORNATALIS Duponchel. 

1. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck). 
ERCTA VITTATA Fabricius. 

9. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, March, 
1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (WJ. Zetek), August, 
1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

LEUCOCHROMA COROPE Cramer. 

13. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, 
Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck); July, 1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts); 
August, 1912 (C. P. Crafts); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
LEUCOCHROMA COLUMBIENSIS Hampson. 

3. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 
1912 (Busck). 

LEUCOCHROMA EUPHTHINYLLA, new species. 

White; markings ocher-brown, arranged as in bicoloralis Dyar; 
color of the markings browner, less orange; a gray-brown point on 
margin below apex and stain on costa at inception of outer line; 
markings closely as in bicoloralis, rather fuller, the white areas more 
restricted, showing especially in the submarginal patch, which is 
large, well filled out close to margin. Expanse, 19 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16126, U.S.N.M.; from a series of 20, Taboga 
Island, February, 1912 (Buseck). Other localities are Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, June, 1912 (Busck). 

In this and the following species the fore wings have the outer 
margin a little more oblique and the apex more pointed than usual 
in Leucochroma. The palpi have the tuft in front of the third joint 
square rather than triangular. They agree with L. bicolorals Dyar.' 


1 Ischnurges bicoloralis Dyar, Zoologica, vol. 1, 1910, p. 134. 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 263 


Possibly these should form a new genus, but as they do not differ 
markedly from Leucochroma, and are led up to in markings by other 
species,! I leave them in this genus. They can not be placed in 
Ischnurges, in which genus I originally described bicoloralis. 


LEUCOCHROMA EUPHARAMACIS, new species. 

Close to bicoloralis Dyar, the colors the same, the markings fuller 
throughout, the white spaces reduced. Trace only of the brown 
specks below the apex and at inception of the outer line; basal mark- 
ings of fore wing confluent, marginal marks continuous. Expanse, 
17 mm. 

Type——Female, No. 16128 U.S.N.M., selected from a series of 17, 
Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). Other localities are Corozal, 
Canal Zone, June, 1912 (Busck), July, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

Very close to bicoloralis Dyar, possibly a race of it. 


MARASMIA COCHRUSALIS Walker. 

40. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
March, 1911, and May, 1912 (Busck), July, 1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. 
Crafts); LaChorrera, April, 1912 (Busck) ; Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Buseck). 

SYNGAMIA ABNORMALIS Snellen. 

9. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal Canal Zone, July, 
1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts). 

The specimens agree with a female from Costa Rica labeled by Mr. 
Schaus. In the male, there is a slight swelling on the costa between 
end of first line and discal dot. 


SYNGAMIA SCIAGRAPHALIS, new species. 

Differs from abnormalis (Snellen) Schaus in being tinged with 
ocher, especially along inner margin, the costa of the male straight, 
without swelling; lines of hind wing not quite as coarse and rigid 
as in abnormalis, the whitish bordering shades less contrasting. Ex- 
panse, 15 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16119, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Buseck). Also eight others, La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck) ; Corozal, 
Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts), November, 1912 
(C. P.. Crafts). 


1 Leucochroma meliusalis Walker has the pattern of coloration of these forms, which is still more nearly 
approximated in— 

LEUCOCHROMA ANALYTICA, new species. 

Similar to L. meliusalis, with which it was confused in the collection, but with the blackish scales almost 
wholly removed. In meliusalis there are indistinct dark edgings to the stigmata and a dark terminal line, 
which breaks into three distant dots below apex, derived from the corope type. In analytica, all the marks 
are orange-yellow on a white ground, broadened, diffused, the terminal line also orange, except the 
three minute dark dots below apex. Terminal line on hind wing a little darker than the other mark- 
ings, but not dark as in meliusalis. EExpanse, 19 mm. 

Cotypes.—F our specimens, No. 16127, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad, British West Indies (Schaus collection). 


264 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


SYNGAMIA MELANOBATHRUM, new species. 

A smaller species with straight costa in the male, resembling S. 
cognatalis (identified by Schaus); more uniformly straw-yellow, with- 
out the general dark shading of cognatalis, the lines of hind wing not 
so flexuous and irregular, though much less rigid than in abnormalis 
or sciagraphalis, but easily distinguished from all by a patch of long 
black seales at base of costa of hind wing of male on both surfaces 
of the wing. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16120, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
Also 14 males and 9 females, Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Paraiso, 
Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck), July, 1912 (J. 
Zetek, C. P. Crafts), November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

SYNGAMIA RUBRICINCTALIS Guenée. 

3. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 

1912 (Buseck). 
SYNGAMIA PEPITALIS Guenée. 
1. Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck). 


SYNGAMIA FLORELLA Cramer. 

22. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
July, 1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts); Gatun, Canal Zone, August, 1909 
(A. H. Jennings). 


SYNGAMIA AQUATICALIS Guenée. 
4. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July and No- 
vember, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 


SYNGAMIA HZMORRHOIDALIS Guenée. 
2. Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 


SYNGAMIA INFLAMMATALIS Hampson. 
1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 


SYNGAMIA FLABELLALIS Guenée. 
5. Corozal Canal Zone, August and November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 


SYNGAMIA TYTIUSALIS Walker. 
1. Trinidad River, March 1912 (Busck). 


SAMEA ECCLESIALIS Guenée. 

71. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck) ; La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 
1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts). 


SAMEA MICTALIS Hampson. 
2. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck). 


SAMEA CHLORISTALIS Hampson. 

28. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 
1912 (Busck) ; Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck), July, 1912 
(J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 265 


SAMEA MULTIPLICALIS Guenée. 

71. Trinidad River, March 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, April and 
May, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal 
Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts). 


TRITHYRIS SCYLLALIS Walker. 
3. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
TRITHYRIS SUNIALIS Snellen. 
4. Porto Bello, February and March, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad 
River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
TRITHYRIS PRETIOSALIS Schaus. 


1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 


TRITHYRIS APICOLOR Druce. 
2. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Buseck). 


HILEITHIA DECOSTALIS Guenée. 
1. Trinidad River, May, 1911 (Busck). 


MARASMIA FLORIDALIS Fernald. 
1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 


BOCCHORIS APYGALIS Guenée. 

11. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
March and June, 1912 (Buseck); Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 
(Busck), July, 1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts), November, 1912 (C. P. 
Crafts). 

There appear to be six species among this material, but there are 
too few of a kind for satisfactory treatment. In the collection are 
three specimens labeled apygalis, two from Mexico (not alike), both 
females, and one from Costa Rica, a male, with prominence on basal 
jomt of antenna, but it does not agree with either of the Mexican 
specimens. Two other species are before me from Costa Rica, but 
unnamed, one with prominence on basal jomt of male antenna, the 
other without this structure. I name herewith all of the Panama 
forms, as I do not think that any of them are Guenée’s apygalis, 
described from Colombia from a single female with the costal dots 
opened into rmgs. My nacobora is the only one showing this marking, 
and it does not appear to agree otherwise with apygalis. 


No. 1. HOHAELIS, new species. 

Small, nearly white, the male without modification at base of 
antenna; costal dots of fore wing confused, at base reaching to sub- 
costal vein; lines slender; ground color not much shaded with dark; 
space between outer and subterminal lines moderately wide, narrowly 
reaching costa but cut off from imner margin; discal dots of both 
wings with the centers nearly occluded. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, No. 16129, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, 
March, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 


266 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 47. 


No. 2. SPARSALIS, new species. 

Medium sized, faintly straw-yellow tinged; costal dots of fore wing 
small and sparse, on costa only, separated by twice their own diam- 
eters or more; lines moderate; ground color shaded with dark along the 
margins of both wings; space between outer and subterminal lines 
moderately wide, narrowly reaching costa and indistinctly so the 
inner margin; discal dot of fore wing of two lines joined by a bar, of 
hind wing solid. Expanse, 12 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16130, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 
1912 (Busck). 

No. 3. APPROPRIALIS, new species. 

Medium sized, pale straw yellow; costal dots of fore wing numerous 
and rather dense, those near base reaching subcostal vein; lines 
moderate, distinct; ground color strongly shaded with brown along 
the margins of both wings, not elsewhere; space between outer and 
subterminal lines moderately wide, narrowly reaching the costa and. 
indistinctly so the inner margin; discal dot of fore wing closed above 
and crossed by a central bar, of hind wing small, solid, forming part 
of the mesial line. Expanse, 13-14 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two females, No. 16131, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck). 

I associate with these the unidentified male from Costa Rica 
(Banana River, March, 1907, W. Schaus) without modification at 
the base of the antenne. 

No. 4. DIFFERENTIALIS, new species. 

Medium sized; pale straw yellow; costal dots small, but rather 
numerous and dense; lines very fine and open, the marginal shade 
slight, giving a general pale, unshaded appearance; space between 
outer and subterminal lines wide, reaching costa and margin; orbicular 
annular, semidetached from the inner line; discal dot closed above 
and with central bar, of hind wing not quite occluded and detached 
from the inner line. Expanse, 13-14 mm. 

Cotypes.—Four females, No. 16132, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal 
Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts), November, 1912 (C. P. 
Crafts). 

No. 5. DENSALIS, new species. 

Small, pale straw yellow, shaded with ocher-brown beyond the 
discal mark; costal dots dense, regular, reaching subcosta, where 
there is a longitudinal shade; ground color slightly irrorated and with 
patches of dark brown shading at origins of discal venules of both 
wings, the marginal shading broken up into patches; space between 
outer and subterminal lines moderately wide, reaching costa; discal 
dot of fore wing lunate, annular, of hind wing solid. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16133, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, February, 
1912 (Busck). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 267 


No. 6. NACOBORA, new species. 

Rather larger than the others and with broader, squarer wings; 
white, tinged with sordid creamy; costal dots small, sparse, the basal 
three distinctly annular; lines slender, blackish, the inner running 
within the orbicular instead of joming it above; reniform widely 
annular; marginal shade represented by a few dots only, the sub- 
terminal line faint and running close to the outer line above. Hind 
wing with discal dot narrowly annular; a dusky shade between the 
inner and outer lines; termen as on fore wing. Expanse, 14 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16134, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). 

BOCCHORIS EDAPHODREPTA, new species. 

Rather small, the wings narrow and acute at apex; antennz of 
male without basal modification; white with irrorations and shades 
of pale creamy brown; thorax and base of fore wing heavily and 
densely dotted with black; lines slender, dark, the inner straight, 
upright, outer oblique, running in along vein 2 to a sinus, then to 
inner margin; discal mark solid; a faint subterminal brownish shade; 
two black dots on the costa subapically. Hind wing with solid 
discal dot, with black shade thence to inner margin; two outer lines 
joining near costa, roundedly and widely separated mesially, then 
close and parallel on inner third; a brown subterminal shade, espe- 
cially toward apex. Expanse, 11.5 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16135, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, May, 1911 (Busck). 
BOCCHORIS INVIDIOSA, new species. 

A larger species than the preceding, the wings rather narrow and 
square at tip; whitish, lightly tinted with straw color, the brown 
marginal shade dark and continuous on fore wing, paler and scattered 
on hind wing; lines slender, the outer finely denticulate, both on its 
outcurve below costa and before the retreat along vein 2; similar on 
hind wing, straight only from vein 2 to tornus; costal dots small, 
annular, well spaced, less than twice their own diameters apart; 
reniform open above and below, without cross-bar; on hind wing 
widely annular with a slightly curved line running to above tornus. 
Expanse, 18 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16136, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, May, 1911 
(Buseck). 

Nearest to Guenée’s characterization of apygalis of any before me. 
The specimens in the collection allied to this (one species of two 
females from French Guiana, one species of three males and four 
females from Aroa, Venezuela) were all placed under Hileithia 
decostalis Guenée, on general appearance, evidently, as they differ 
in venation, while none bear identification labels. There are evi- 
dently a considerable number of allied species in this group, and 
apygalis can only be positively identified from Colombian material. 


268 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


BOCCHORIS RHEHABALIS, new species. 

Closely allied to B. rhealis Druce; smaller, whiter, the subterminal 
line on both wings straighter, not forming two ares as in that species; 
the inner line of fore wing is very slender and faint whereas it is as 
distinct as the others in rhealis. EXxpanse, 13 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16137, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

I have placed rhealis and magnalis Guenée in Bocchoris instead of 
Nacoleia as done by Hampson, because I think the front of the head 
might as properly be described “flat and oblique” as ‘‘rounded,” it 
being of an ambiguous shape, and by so doing I associate these species 
with the others which they resemble in markings. 

PILOCROCIS INFUSCALIS Guenée. 

1. Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck). 
PILOCROCIS INGUINALIS Guenée. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

PILOCROCIS ANORMALIS Guenée. 

5. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck); Corozal, Canal Vones July, 1912 (J. Zetek), Jeperet 1912 
(C. P. Crafts). 

PILOCROCIS COLLUSTRALIS Miéschler. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
PILOCROCIS RAMENTALIS Lederer. 

4. Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 
1912 (J. Zetek), November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

PILOCROCIS CYCLOSTIGMA, new species. 

Palpi with the scaling moderate and separate on the joints, the 
third joint rather long, tufted in front, the tuft even, not triangular; 
scaling of first joint white, the others brown. Wings blackish brown; 
lines dark, the inner curved, rather oblique; reniform annular, orbicu- 
lar a dot; outer line excurved over discal nervules, retracted by vein 
2 to below reniform. Hind wing with mesial line resembling outer of 
fore wing but less retracted; discal mark only a trace. Expanse, 
24 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16144, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). 

PILOCROCIS RUNATALIS, new species. 

Palpi broadly scaled, the scales of Sepeind joint projecting triangu- 
larly at tip; third joint minute with a little triangular tuft. Blackish 
brown, a littie bronzy; lines dark, the inner sieunne ; outer line rather 
broad, incurved along vein 2; reniform solid, black, distinct. Hind 
wing with mesial line nearly regularly curved, but slightly, if at all 
disturbed at vein 2. Lower half of abdomen and legs white, the 
front tibiz dark at tips. Expanse, 20 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two females, No. 16145, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, 
May, 1912 (Busck), August, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 269 


PILOCROCIS MODESTALIS Schaus. 

2. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

PILOCROCIS CRYPTALIS Druce. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
PILOCROCIS TERMINALIS Dognin. 

1. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 
PILOCROCIS DECORA, new species. 

Palpi shortly and closely scaled, the third joint distinct, its frontal 
tuft very short; first joint white below and a little white only on 
second. Fore wing of male without modification of costa. Lines as 
in P. cora Dyar, without any white edges; orbicular present, nearly 
as distinct as reniform. Wings broad, asin cora. Expanse, 30 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16143, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
Also a male from Guapiles, Costa Rica, November, 1907 (W. Schaus), 
and a female from Peru, the former labeled infuscalis Guenée, but 
differing in the palpi as well as the larger size. 

PILOCROCIS CHLORISALIS Walker. 

3. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
April, 1911 (Busck), and November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

SPILOMELA FIMBRIAURALIS Guenée. 

7. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, March and 
June, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, August, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 
SPILOMELA PQ:ONIALIS Druce. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

SPILOMELA PERSPICATA Fabricius. 

13. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
February, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911, and May, 
1912 (Busck); Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck); Alha- 
juelo, April, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, April and May, 1912 (Busck); 

-Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 
SPILOMELA DISCORDENS, new species. 

White, marked with brown as in S. perspicata Fabricius with the 
following differences: Two inner lines instead of three, the outer one 
obsoletely furcate on costa; outer line forming a regular zigzag, not 
divided by vein 2, its upper limb outwardly oblique; terminal brown 
space with a pale ray from tornus to near middle. Hind wing with 
submarginal line not fused to the middle one, but broken off. Ex- 
panse, 21 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, two females, No. 16146, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, 
Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek), November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts); 
Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
Also a male ae two females from the BREIL (W. Schaus). 
MESOCONDYLA CONCORDALIS Hiibner. 

25. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
February and March, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, February, 1912 
(Busck); Corozal, Comal Zone, May, 1912 (Busck). 


270 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 47. 


MESOCONDYLA TARSIBARBALIS Hampson. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
CONCHYLODES SALAMISALIS Druce. 

3. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
April, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

CONCHYLODES PLATINALIS Guenée. 

6. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Buseck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); 
Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 

CONCHYLODES OVULALIS Guenée. 

20. Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck), July, 1912 G. 
Zetek, C. P. Crafts), November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts); Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 

PHRYGANODES VARIALIS Walker. 

5. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, June, 
1912 (Busck). 

PHRYGANODES ALBIRENALIS Hampson. 

2. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
April, 1912 (Busck). 

PHRYGANODES MILVALIS Druce. 

1. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 
PHRYGANODES INSOLUTALIS Miéschler. 

2. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
June, 1912 (Busck). 

PHRYGANODES HUMERALIS Guenée. 

3. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
PHRYGANODES PROLONGALIS Guenée. 

9. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Buseck); Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, 
Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 

PHRYGANODES ORIGINALIS Lederer. 

2. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
March, 1911 (Busck). 

PHRYGANODES SIMIALIS Guenée. 

2. Corozal, Canal Zone, June, 1912 (C. P. Crafts), July, 1912 GJ. 
Zetek). 
PHRYGANODES MARTYRALIS Lederer. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 

PHRYGANODES CLEMENTALIS Schaus. 
1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
DICHOGAMA SMITHI Mischler. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
DICHOGAMA BERGII Mischler. 

2. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
March, 1911 (Busck). 


No. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 7 | 


NACOLEIA ACUTANGULALIS Snellen. 

3. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 
1912 (CoP) Crafts): 

NACOLEIA CRAFTSIALIS, new species. 

Pattern and color of N. acutangulalis, but differs in detail: Inner 
line straighter, nearer the base; orbicular round, detached from costa; 
reniform attached to outer line below, closed at both ends; outer line 
upright above, flexuous, not arcuate; submarginal incurved at sub- 
costal and submedian; no subapical dot. Hind wing with the lower 
segments of the lines arcuate, not looped, no yellow filling; outer 
line incised subcostally. Expanse, 12-14 mm. 

Cotypes.—Three specimens, No. 16138, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal 
Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts). 

Near Nacoleia (Bocchoris) minima von Hedemann from Jamaica. 
NACOLEIA MARGINALIS, new species. 

Pattern of craftsialis, but the lines and margin suffused with ocher 
gray, leaving the ground color as white patches; subterminal line of 
both wings further from the margin than in eraftsialis, forming a 
broad ocher-gray border, reaching almost to termen. Expanse, 
14 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16139, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 
(J. Zetek). 

NACOLEIA CANACEALIS Walker. 

3. Cabima, May, 1911 (Buseck); Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck); 
Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 

NACOLEIA LUNULALIS Hiibner. 

2. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck). 

NACOLEIA DORISALIS Walker. 

2. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck). 

NACOLEIA BRUNNESCENS, new species. 

More distinctly brown than lunulalis or dorisalis Walker. Lines 
the same, but the outer line white only at costa; no white line before 
the marginal line. Expanse, 28 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16140, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). 

Judging by males from Costa Rica, which, though labeled dorisalis 
Walker, are apparently this species, the male has the anal angle of 
hind wing abbreviated and hairy, the hind tibiz curved, with a pro- 
jecting point of scales at tip; ventral valve at base of abdomen with 
tuft of hairs at tip. 

NACOLEIA NANNALIS, new species. 

Blackish; fore wing more brownish centrally; lines slender, white, 

the inner curved; outer line broader on costa, a little outcurved 


272 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47. 


beyond cell, oblique below; discal mark narrow, oblique, white; a 
dotted white line before the double black marginal line. Hind wing 
with the inner line curved, white, at about the inner third, followed 
distantly by a bluish duplicating shade; subterminal white line more 
continuous than on fore wing; fringes whitish. Expanse, 14 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16141, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). Also another, apparently the same, but worn, Corozal, 
Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck). 

No male is at hand. The species may be recognized by its very 
small size and the unusually basal position of the line on hind wing. 
NACOLEIA INDICATA Fabricius. 

14. Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck) ; Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 
1912 (J. Zetek), August and November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

NACOLEIA XANTHODYSANA, new species. 

Fore wing reddish brown, the lines as in indicata Fabricius, but faint, 
the outer denticulate. Hind wing fuscous shaded, the lines faint. 
Outer margin of fore wing straight from apex to vein 3, then roundedly 
prominent; fringe yellow, blackish at the prominence; a faint double 
terminal line. Hind wing with the fringe yellow, interlmed with 
brown, interrupted at submedian fold. Expanse, 19 mm. 

Type—Female, No. 16142, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). 

Mr. Schaus sent two females from Costa Rica labeled “ N. indicata 
Fab. @”’, but I have numerous females of that species agreeing en- 
tirely with the males. 

NACOLEIA PERSINUALIS Walker. 

1. Corozal, Canal Zone, August, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 
NACOLEIA STYGIALIS Hampson. 

4. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck) La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Buseck). 

NACOLEIA PELEALIS Walker. 

4. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 
(Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). / 
NACOLEIA XANTHIALIS Guenée. 

3. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, August, 
1912 (CB. Crafts): 

NACOLEIA VERITALIS, new species. 

White, with slight bronzy brown tint; lines slender, blackish, the 
inner gently curved; outer line wavy from costa tornus, then recurved 
to below reniform and again to inner margin; orbicular and reniform 
annular. Hind wing with median segment of outer line projected, 
touching the margin beyond tornus; a terminal row of close dots on 
both wings. Expanse, 15 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two specimens, selected from a series of 11, No. 16149, 
U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 273 


1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Buseck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

Allied to N.lacertalis Guenée, L.colubralis Guenée and L. batrachialis 
Guenée, in markings, but those three species are properly refer- 
able to the genus Stenia in the Nymphuline, whereas the present 
species as a true Nacoleia. 

NACOLEIA STENIALIS Guenée. 

40. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello. 
April, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, May, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Taboga Island, 
June, 1911 (Buseck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July: and August, 1912 
(C..P. Crafts). 

NACOLEIA SCHISTESEMALIS Hampson. 

7. Porto Bello, March, 1911, and May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, 
Canal Zone, April, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
DICHOCROCIS SABATALIS Druce. 

3. Cabima, May, 1911 (Buseck). 

SYLEPTA GORDIALIS Guenée. 

4. Paraiso, Canal Zone, Hebraaty) 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 

Mareh, 1912 (Busck). 
SYLEPTA DIOPTALIS Walker. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
SYLEPTA STRIGICINCTA Hampson. 

6. Cabima, May, 1911 (Buseck). 

One specimen is a male and has the brown border broader than in 
the females. 

SYLEPTA AMANDO Cramer. 

2. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Buseck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
SYLEPTA ELEVATA Fabricius. 

7. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck) ; Porto Bello, April, 1911 (Busck); 
Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trin- 
idad River, March and June, 1912 (Busck). 

SYLEPTA SILICALIS Guenée. 

5. Porto Bello, February, ond (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, August and November, 1912 (C. P. 
Crafts). 

This species occurs also in the United States, and had been recorded 
under the (erroneous) name S. fluctuosalis Lederer.’ The larve have 
been found on nettle in Florida. 

SYLEPTA IMBROGLIALIS, new specie 

Straw-yéllow, suffused with brown; costa brown-shaded, as also 
margins of both wings; lines single, moderate, the inner curved, the 
outer denticulate, concave or nearly straight above, exserted over 


1 Bull. 52, U.S.N.M., No. 4308.1, 1903. 
34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——18 


274 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


veins 2-5, running in along vein 2 faintly, forming a sinus, and below 
it a tooth on submedian; orbicular punctiform, reniform lunate. 
Hind wing with a spot at end of cell; mesial line similar to the outer 
of fore wing. Expanse, 24-26 mm. 

Cotypes-—Three females, No. 16150, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal 
Zone, April, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trini- 
dad River, June, 1912 (Busck). Also 13 specimens from French and 
Dutch Guianas and three from Aroa, Venezuela (Schaus collection). 
One of the latter is labeled “ ?Pachyzancla xgrotalis Zell. 2” by Sir 
G. F. Hampson, but the palpi donot seem to me to agree with those 
of Pachyzancla. The specimen examined by Sir George has the palpi 
broken, but anyway the specimen is very much too large for the 
female of zgrotalis, of which I have many of the same size as males. 
The present species is near S. silicalis Guenée, but the markings darker 
and more clearly written, the costa also dark. 

SYLEPTA LATICALIS Lederer. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

SYLEPTA CALANTICALIS Druce. : 

2. Taoga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April 1911 
(Busck). 

SYLEPTA EXCELSALIS Schaus. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
PILETOSOMA NOVALIS Walker. 

2. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

Two entirely different insects have been under this name in the 
collection, one from Ecuador, identified by Schaus, the other from 
French Guiana, identified by Hampson. The Panama specimens 
agree with the one from French Guiana, and I have accordingly 
accepted Hampson’s identification of the species. 

PILETOSOMA THIALIS, new species. 

A little larger and broader-winged than novalis, the male antenne 
with a thickening bearing short hairs near the middle, the anal 
tuft very small and brush-like, inconspicuous; outer margin of 
fore wing quite straight, with a small notch at end of submedian 
fold. Color as in novalis and equally without markings, the darker 
patch at anal angle of hind wing somewhat larger and a little less 
contrasted. Expanse, 32 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16147, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 
1911 (Busck). 

PILETOSOMA ARGOPONALIS, new species. 

Wings broad, the outer margin rounded below, without notch; 
male antenne minutely ciliate, unmodified; anal tuft large and 
rather long, but nothing like the enormous development of this 
structure in novalis. Brown-black with slight bronzy reflection; 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. oS 


lines showing only in traces; reniform small, annular; inner and 
outer lines faintly pale, the outer looped under reniform, thence 
oblique and irregular to inner margin. Expanse, 27 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16148, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

The lateral tufts at the base of the abdomen are very slight in this 
species, but I think enough to admit it to the genus. 

LYGROPIA FUSCICOSTALIS Hampson. 

5. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); 
Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 

LYGROPIA LELEX Cramer. 

9. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January and February, 1911 (Busck); 
Trinidad River, March and June, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
April, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1911 (Busck). 

LYGROPIA UNICOLORALIS Guenée. 

2. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, June, 1912 

(Busck). 
LYGROPIA OBRINUSALIS Walker. 

1. Corozal, Canal Zone, November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 
LYGROPIA ALITEMERALIS, new species. 

Fore wing pointed at apex; yellow; a double marginal line, the 
inner segment dotted on fore wing; fringe brownish; a dot on costa 
and inner margin near base; inner line straight, forming a dot on 
costa; reniform annular; outer line wavy above, bent in along inter- 
space 2-3, slightly wavy again to inner margin. Hind wing with a 
similar line. Palpi with black rings at the ends of the first and 
second joints, the latter broadly broken on the outer side. Fore 
tarsi white, a black band at apex of tibia and first tarsal, tip of third 
and all of fourth black. Expanse, 21 mm. 

Type.—No. 16155, U.S.N.M., selected from a series of 6, Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck). Also one male, Geldersland, Surinam River, 
Dutch Guiana, labeled cernalis Guenée. 

Allied to cernalis Guenée and bipunctalis Hampson; differing 
from both in the coloration of palpi, from the former also in wing 
shape and from the latter also in size and annular reniform. 
LYGROPIA CHROMALIS Guenée. 

2. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 

LYGROPIA LEIALIS Dognin. 

3. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Buseck). 

LYGROPIA COSMIA, new species. 

Bronzy brown-black; fore wing with a costal yellow half-bar on 
outer fourth; a double spot in cell, conjomed below and touching an 
oblique broad half-band near base of inner margin. Hind wing 


276F PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


yellow at base, the edge of the color cleft by a small discal mark 
fused to the outer dark area. Expanse, 15 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two specimens, selected from a series of 17, No. 16151, 
U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, March, 1912 (Busck). 

Allied to L. amparalis Walker from Jamaica.! 

LYGROPIA ERYTHROBATHRUM, new species. 

Bronzy brown-black, a little grayish; fore wing with white costal 
two-thirds bar on outer third and white one at inner third, not 
attaining costal edge; base stained with dark red on lower portion. 
Hind wing whitish at base, stained with dark red, the whitish 
area not quite including a discal mark of the ground color. Ex- 
panse, 15 mm. 

Type.—No. 16152, U.S.N.M.; selected from a series of 28; Corozal, 
Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck). Other from Paraiso, Canal Zone, 
February, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); 
Jua Chorrera, April, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, June,.1912 (C. P. Crafts). One of 
the specimens taken by Mr. Crafts has the markings of both wings 
yellow at base instead of red. 

LYGROPIA MURINALIS Schaus. 

4, La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, Julv 

(J. Zetek) and August, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 


AGATHODES DESIGNALIS Guenée. 

2. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck). 

GLYPHODES NITIDALIS Cramer. 

1. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck). 
GLYPHODES LATILIMBALIS Guenée. 

1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck). 

As determined by Mr. Schaus from Costa Rican specimens (latilim- 
balis Guenée=contactalis Dognin), but not the latilimbalis of his 
Guiana collections, nor the contactalis labeled by Mr. Dognin. In 
the present form, the spot on fore wing is very much larger (atilim- 
balis is ‘‘assez petite”) and has no oblique prolongation below (as 
in contactalis). The band on the hind wing also is much wider. 
This is evidently a race, if not a good species. The name epime- 
tralis is accordingly proposed. 


1 Two species before me from the Guianas are closely alied, and may be characterized here. 


LYGROPIA GLAPHYRA, new species. 

Bronzy brown-black; fore wing with a small yellow costal spot at outer third; a narrow band at basal 
third, not attaining costa, bent below cell at right angles toward base and joining some diffused yellow 
on inner margin. Hind wing narrowly yellow at hase. Expanse, 12mm. 

Type.—No. 16153, U.S.N.M.; St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana, September, 1904 (W.Schaus). 


LYGROPIA DISARCHE, new species. 
Fore wing bronzy brown; two erect yellowish white bars, one costal at outer third, the other at inner 
third, not attaining costa or inner margin. Hind wing whitish costally at base. Expanse, 13 mm. 
Cotypes.—T wo specimens, selected from seven, No. 16154, U.S.N.M.; Cayenne, French Guiana, June, 
1904 (W. Schaus). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 277 


Type.—No. 16156, U.S.N.M. Besides the type, six are before me 
from Costa Rica (W. Schaus) and one from Coatepec, Mexico (R. 
Miller). 

GLYPHODES ARGUTA Lederer. 

9. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
March and June, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 
(Buseck), July, 1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts). 

GLYPHODES PLUMBIDORSALIS Guenée. 

1. Paraiso; Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck). 
GLYPHODES LUCIDALIS Hiibner. 

3. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 
1912 (J. Zetek). 

GLYPHODES HYALINATA Linneus. 

3. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 

GLYPHODES INFIMALIS Guenée. 

23. Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts). 

Of the above, five are of a variation with the marginal band broader, 
that of fore wing more concave. The variation is gradual in the five 
specimens, and the size is the same. It approaches modialis Dyar, 
but the broadening of the bands is not so great, while the size is not 
increased. 

GLYPHODES BUSCKI, new species. 

Translucent yellow; fore wing with a broad costal band of bronzy 
brown, irregular on lower edge, with a dot at bases of veins 3-5; outer 
border broad, with sinus centrally. Hind wing with broad curved 
outer border narrowing to tornus. Thorax black-brown; abdomen 
pale ocher brown, anal scales black. Expanse, 25 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, No. 16157, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, February, 
1911 (Busck). 

Near nitidalis Cramer, but the yellow of fore wing runs to the base. 
GLYPHODES AMQOSTALIS Guenée. 

1. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 

GLYPHODES JAIRUSALIS Walker. 

1. Porto Bello, April, 1911 (Busck). 
GLYPHODES AUSONIA Cramer. 

4. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 
(Busck); Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 
GLYPHODES SIBILLALIS Walker. 

2. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck). . 

GLYPHODES CUMALIS Druce. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 

CROCIDOPHORA ADORNATALIS Warren. 


1. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 


278 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


CROCIDOPHORA ZINGHALIS Walker. 

3. Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts). 
CROCIDOLOMIA PALINDIALIS Guenée. 

1. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck). 

LEUCINODES IMPERIALIS Guenée. 

26. Porto Bello, February and March, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad 
River, March and June, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 
1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

LEUCINODES ELEGANTALIS Guenée. 

22. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
April and May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, March and June, 1912 
(Busck). 

Varies greatly in size. Some of those before me expand but 11 
mm. (normal size about 25 mm.) and the markings are more or less 
reduced or obliterated; but they can always be told from imperialis 
Guenée by the long third joint of the palpi. 

Variety PROPHETICA, new variety, 

In this form the black line beyond the dark basal area is straight 
and a little outwardly oblique instead of curved; the marginal mark 
is reduced to a gray shade with the black submarginal patch before 
it. Expanse, 17 mm. 

Type.—No. 16158, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 

An exactly similar specimen from Avangarez, Costa Rica, July, 
1907 (W. Schaus) is labeled imperialis, but the third joint of the palpi 
is too long for that species.' 

MEGASTES GRANDALIS Guenée. 

4. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 
1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

ANALYTA PUCILLA Druce. 

5. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 
1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, May, 1912 (Busck). 

ANALYTA SEMANTRIS, new species. 

Fore wing with an irregularly triangular yellow patch near middle 
of inner margin, the costa broadly blackish purple, the outer area 
suffused with red-brown; the costal edge is red-brown with three 
incisions, followed by a broad purple band formed of a basal stripe, 
the very large and full orbicular and reniform (which touch) and 
another stripe to apex; outer line black, slender, bordermg the 


Fe a TO R= Ta Da RS 

1 This type of markings is carried further in— 

LEUCINODES DISSOLVENS, new species. 

Tuner line straight, very oblique, running to near middle of inner margin: marginal marking in the 
incision of outer margin brownish, not darker than the discal shading, preceded by a small black dash at 
veins 5-6. Expanse, 24 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16159, U.S.N.M.; St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana, March, 1904 (W. Schaus); 
also four others, the smallest 14 mm. from French Guiana and one from Aroa, Venezuela (Schaus collection). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 279 


reniform and continued narrowly to inner margin along the edge of 
the yellow patch; no terminal marks. Hind wing white, yellow 
shaded at base, apex and over discal mark; outer line irregular, 
lightly excurved centrally, broken into cusps, the most distinct one 
on submedian fold. Expanse, 17 mm. 

Cotypes—Two females, No. 16160, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck). A male from St. Jean, Maroni River, French 
Guiana, April, 1904 (W. Schaus) is also before me. 

OMMATOSPILA NARCZUSALIS Walker. 

2. Corozal, Canal Zone, July and November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 
SAMEODES DILECTICOLOR Dyar. 

2. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

The male has the costa yellow (=Sameodes flavibaccata Hampson *) ; 
in the female it is black and the markings are broader (= Pyrausta 
dilecticolor? Dyar). Under the name flavibaccata, Mr. Schaus sent 
three distinct species from his Costa Rican collections. The bright 
yellow one I take to be the real flavibaccata and the name falls before 
the earlier dilecticolor. The reference to Sameodes instead of Pyrausta 
seems preferable. The two other species agree with specimens in the 
collection labeled Bocchoris insipidalis Lederer and B. actealis Walker, 
respectively. I therefore transfer these two names from Bocchoris to 
Sameodes, as the palpi of the species seem structurally identical with 
those of flavibaccata. 

SAMEODES ACTEALIS Walker. 

5. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
July, 1912 (J. Zetek), August and November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

All females, small and blunt winged in comparison with males. 
SAMEODES ZOPHYRALIS Lederer. 

13. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal 
Zone, August, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

MARUCA TESTULALIS Geyer. 

108. Porto Bello, February and March, 1911 (Busck); Taboga 
Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, March and June, 
1912 (Busck). 

AZOCHIS GRIPUSALIS Walker. 

7. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, 
May, 1912 (Busck). 

POLYGRAMMODES BEUSCALIS Dyar. 

4, Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 

(Busck). 


1 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), vol. 11, 1913, p. 329. 
2 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 42, 1912, p. 103. 


280 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


POLYGRAMMODES OSTREALIS Guenée. 

14. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, April, 1912 
(Buseck); Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck); Cabima, May, 
1911 (Busck). 

POLYGRAMMODES HERCULES Felder. 

5. Porto Bello, April, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck) ; 
La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

POLYGRAMMODES HIRTALIS Guenée. 

3. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 
(Buseck) ; La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

PACHYZANCLA PHZOPTERALIS Guenée. 

45. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck) ; Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 
1911 (Busck), July, 1912 (J. Zetek), August and November, 1912 
(C. P. Crafts); Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck) ; Cabima, May, 
1911 (Busck) ; Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 

PACHYZANCLA ZGROTALIS Zeller. 

6. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
February, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); 
Corozal, Canal Zone, November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

PACHYZANCLA BIPUNCTALIS Fabricius. 

14. Porto Bello, February, 1912, and March, 1911 (Busck); 
Corozal, Canal Zone, June (C. P. Crafts), July (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts), 
August and November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

PACHYZANCLA DISTINICTA Kaye. 

3. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
June and August, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

PACHYZANCLA XANTHOMETA Hampson. 

6. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 
1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts). 

DIASEMIA RAMBURIALIS Duponchel. 

3. Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek), November, 1912 
(CP. Crafts). 

LIOPASIA SIMPLICISSIMALIS, new species. 

Fore wing carneous brown, irrorated with blackish; lines slender, 
blackish, the inner obliquely outcurved, the outer crenulate on its 
exserted medial portion; outer discal mark a powdery ringlet, mner 
similar, fainter ,or absent. Hind wing whitish, tinged with carneous 
brown on margin, in the male with blackish hairs on inner margin to 
tornus. Expanse, 36 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two specimens, selected from a series of nine, No. 16161, 
U.S.N.M.; Paraiso, Canal Zone, January and February, 1911 (Busck) ; 
also Porto Bello, May, 1911 (Busck) ; Carom, Trinidad, January, 1911, 
“Bucere worm moth” (F. W. Urich); Cayenne, French Guiana, 
February, 1904 (W. Schaus). 


PHLYCTZNODES BIFILALIS Hampson. 
1. Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (WJ. Zetek). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 281 


PHLYCTENODES HELVIALIS Walker. 

9. Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 
1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts). 

Four males and five females. Subterminal line wanting; marginal 
shade widened at apex. Identified on the strength of a specimen 
from Jamaica, labeled by Mr. Schaus as compared at the British 
Museum, and of the accepted determination of North American 
specimens by Professor Fernald and others. The males are normal, 
the females very small, but seem correctly associated. 
PHLYCTENODES AUTOCRATORALIS Dyar. 

20. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, June 
(C. P. Crafts) and July, 1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts). 

Nine males and eleven females. Subterminal line present, dentate, 
often confluent to marginal shade. Allied to the North American 
mancalis Lederer, but the markings darker and more distinct, the 
subterminal line nearer the margin. Mr. Schaus labeled all his Costa 
Rican material mancalis, including both this species and the pre- 
ceding, but I am inclined to consider the forms as distinct. 
PHLYCTENODES BIFIDALIS Fabricius. 

4. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 
1912 (J. Zetek), November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 


PAGYDA APONIANALIS Druce. 
Pionea aponianalis Druce, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Lep. Het., 1889, vol. 2, p. 557. 


3. Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts). 

This falls in Pagyda Walker by Hampson’s tables. One specimen 
is a male and shows long and greatly swollen mid tibe, with a groove 
concealing a hair-pencil. 

BZOTARCHA EXOGRAMMALIS, new species. 

Reddish brown, the discal area semihyaline, followed by an 
oblique whitish band from outer fourth of costa to tornus; stig- 
mata large, dark, of the ground color. Hind wing semihyaline 
whitish, with narrow red-brown outer border. Expanse, 27 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16162, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, April, 1912 
(Busck). 

Allied to B. stigmosalis Warren. 

CONDYLORRHIZA VESTIGIALIS Guenée. 
46. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck) ; Porto Bello, February, 1911. 
Eleven of the yellow form; the majority are gray. 

NOORDA ESMERALDA Hampson. 
1. La Chorrera, April, 1912 (Busck). 

GONOPIONEA ASCHANALIS Druce. 

4, Trinidad River, March and June, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal 
Zone, April, 1911 (Busck). 

PIONEA BICOLORALIS Guenée. 

2. Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (©. P. Crafts): La Chorrera, 
April, 1912 (Busck). 


282 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 47. 


PIONEA SYLVIALIS Walker. 
1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
PIONEA INCLUSALIS Walker. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
PIONEA EUPALUSALIS Walker. 

13. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
PIONEA TZNIOALIS Guenée. 

19. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal 
Zone, April, 1911 (Busck), July, 1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts) ; Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, August, 1912 (Busck). 

PIONEA EXUVIALIS Guenée. 

3. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal 
Zone, July, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

PIONEA LAGUNALIS Schaus. 

2. Trinidad River, March, 1912. 

I do not detect any differences between this and a specimen in the 
collection labeled ‘autoclesalis Walk. = type, Oxf., notaspis Led.” 
PIONEA VINOTINCTALIS Hampson. 

27. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck) ; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, January, 1911 
(Busck) ; Corozal, Canal Zone, May, 1911 (Busck), July, 1912 UW. 
Zetek, C. P. Crafts). 

PIONEA BELIALIS Druce. 

6. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck) ; 
La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck) ; Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck) ; 
Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 

PIONEA EXPLICALIS, new species. 

Straw-color, dusted with fuscous, forming a shade along margin 
of fore wing and covering all of hind wing but the costa; fringe 
doubly lined, appearing dark on both wings; costa narrowly dark; 
lines dark, the inner straight, slightly oblique; discal mark lunate; 
outer line denticulate, inbent above vein 2 to below reniform, then 
coarsely wavy toinner margin. Hind wing with the outer lme running 
out close to margin, then far inward along vein 2 and arcuate to 
inner margin. Expanse, 16-20 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16167, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, 
June, 1912 (Busck), male; Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck), 
female. Also two females, one from the same place as the male 
type, the others Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

PIONEA STHENNYMALIS, new species. 

Dull reddish, the fringe yellow; lines slender, obscure, the outer 
far out, incurved along vein 2; discal mark small. Hind wing 
broadly whitish at base, the margin dull reddish and fringe yellow; 
a small dash across submedian fold. Expanse, 12 mm. 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE: PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 283 


Type—Male, No. 16168, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
Also two others from Corozal, Canal Zone, July and November (C. P. 
Crafts). 

Allied to P. vinotinetalis Hampson and P. decetialis Druce, nearest 
the latter but smaller and with pale base to the hind wing. 

PIONEA EPANTHISMA, new species. 

Straw-color, finely and densely irrorated with brown; lines lost 
in the general irroration except the outer, which is dark, punctiform, 
and excurved centrally nearly to outer margin, followed by pale 
points of the ground color; in some specimens a trace of inner line 
shows; discal mark lunate, faint; a row of terminal dark dots. 
Hind wing whitish at base, terminally straw-color or pale fuscous 
with terminal dots as on fore wing. Expanse, 16 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16166, U.'S.N.M.; Taboga Island, February, 
1912 (Busck). Also 10 others from the same place and Alhajuelo, 
April, 1911 (Buseck); Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck), July, 
1912 (J. Zetek). 

PYRAUSTA MELLINALIS Hiibner. 

1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck). 
PYRAUSTA INSIGNATALIS Guenée. 

18. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck), 
July, 1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
PYRAUSTA CATONALIS Walker. 

6. La Chorrera, May, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 
1911 (Busck); November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

PYRAUSTA MOPSALIS Walker. 

7. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 
(Busck). 

PYRAUSTA FLAVIDALIS Guenée. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
PYRAUSTA ALIALIS Guenée. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). The identification is only 
provisional. 

PYRAUSTA RHODOCHROIA, new species. 

Fore wing dark rose-color, the lines fine, yellowish, denticulate; 
inner broken above median vein, outer broadly excurved above; a 
faint, dark, lunate discal mark; fringe fuscous; apex acute. Hind 
wing fuscous with a rose-colored patch on outer margin above sub- 
median fold. Body fuscous, abdomen with white segmental rings. 
Expanse, 13 mm. 

Type-—Female, No. 16163, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, No- 
vember, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). Also six others, same place and date. 


284 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47. 


PYRAUSTA LIOPASIALIS, new species. 

Wings with the margins nearly parallel, apex and tornus rounded ; 
bright straw-yellow, more or less suffused with brown-gray, some- 
times completely; lines slender, brown, crenulate, the inner curved, 
the outer excurved centrally and approaching the outer margin: 
orbicular and reniform annular. In the pale forms the suffusion is 
reddish, in scattered patches; in darker ones the median space 
becomes solidly suffused; in the darkest ones the suffusion covers 
the whole wing uniformly, the lines being greatly obscured. Hind 
wing pale at base with brown or fuscous tip. Abdomen with a white 
dorsal patch at tip in the male only. Expanse, 27 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16165, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). Also 11 others from the same place and date, except 2 
which were taken June, 1912. 

Very close to P. rhodope Hampson from Cuba, but much less red, 
of a clearer yellow ground, and generally larger. 

PYRAUSTA PLOIMALIS, new species. 

Whitish, creamy, more strongly tinged with brown along the mar- 
gins; lines broad, blurred, with scattering of black scales over the 
wings and in patches especially at middle of outer margin and tornus 
of fore wing and apex of hind wing; a dot at base of costa and one 
in cell near base; inner line with a blunt tooth on median and vein 1; 
orbicular punctiform, reniform elliptical, solid; outer line excurved 
mesially, retracted to reniform, wavy to inner margin; terminal dots 
small. Hind wing with discal dot, outer line, and terminal dots as 
on fore wing. [xpanse, 16 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16164, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, Novem- 
ber, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). Also nine others from the same place, 
April, 1911 (Busck), and August, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

TEGOSTOMA DINICHEALIS Walker. 

3. Porto Bello, February, 1911, and April, 1912 (Busck); Ia Chor- 
rera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
STENOPTYCHA PTEROPHORALIS Walker. 

3. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); ia Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 

LINEODES MONETALIS Dyar (=DIANALIS Hampson). 

9. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
March, 1911 (Busck), June, 1912 (C. P. Crafts), July, 1912 (J. 
Zetek, C. P. Crafts); Porto Bello, December, 1912 (G. F. Cleveland). 
LINEODES VULNIFICA Dyar (=ENCYSTALIS Hampson). 

13.1 Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
July, 1912 (J. Zetek, C. P. Crafts). 

LINEODES MESODONTA Hampson. 

1. Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 
LINEODES FONTELLA Hampson. 

4. Porto Bello, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, Novem- 
ber, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 


1 Four of the specimens are typical vulnifica; nine seem referable to tridentalis rage but I doubt 
ifthe two forms are specifically distinct. 


No. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 285 


Subfamily NYMPHULIN 4. 


DIATHRAUSTA NERINALIS Walker, form ANGUSTELLA Dyar. 

13. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
March, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, March and April, 1911 
(Buseck), July, 1912 (C. P. Crafts, J. Zetek); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); Trinidad River, May, 1911 (Busck). 

PILETOCERA BUFALIS Guenée. 

125. Porto Bello, February, 1912 (Busck); Taboga Island, Feb- 
ruary, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, April, 1912, and May, 1911 
(Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck), July, 1912 (C. P. 
Crafts, J. Zetek), and November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts); Trinidad 
River, June, 1912 (Busck). 

PILETOCERA SIMPLICIALIS Bames and McDunnough. 

15. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
April, 1911, and May, 1912 (Busck), June, 1912 (C. P. Crafts); La 
Chorrera, April, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, July, 1912 (Busck). 

Smaller, darker, and narrower winged than bufalis, the male with- 
out fovea in the cell. One specimen from Costa Rica has been labeled 
Stenia gelliasalis by Mr. Schaus, but not correctly, I think. 
PILECOCERA STERCORALIS Mischler. 

33. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal 
Zone, March, 1911 (Busck), July and November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts); 
Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); 
Taboga Island, June,- 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). 

More or less ocher shaded, the wings more sharply pointed at apex 
than in bufalis Guenée. This name is given as a synonym of bufalis 
by Hampson, but I believe that two species are clearly indicated. 

| STENIA COSTALIS Hampson. 

11. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 

(Busck). 
STENIA COLUBRALIS Guenée. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
STENIA PULVERALIS Druce. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
STENIA HYPHEROCHALIS, new species. 

Sunilar to pulveralis Druce, but smaller, the apices of both wings 
with a large blackish patch. Lines of hind wing well divided, form- 
ing two across the wing without trace of cross-line. Expanse, 15 mm. 

Type-—No. 16173, U.S.N.M., selected from a series of fifteen; 
Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La. Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); 
Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 

STENIA DECLIVALIS, new species. 

Similar to S. gelliasalis Walker, smaller, darker, the whitish outer 

Ine of hind wing distinct, sharply angled, touching the outer margin 


286 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


in its outmost angle, not rounded, indistinct, not more or less with- 
drawn from the margin as it is in gelliasalis from Brazil. Expanse, 
13 mm. 

Type.—No. 16174, U.S.N.M., selected from a series of eleven spec- 
imens; Taboga Island, February, 1912, and June, 1911 (Busck); La 
Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Aroa, Venezuela (Schaus collection). 

A larger race of this species from Costa Rica has been identified 
as gelliasalis by Mr. Schaus, but the markings of hind wing and the 
color agree with declivalis. A form of this species occurs in the West 
Indies, for which I propose the name indianalis, in which the mark- 
ings are very faint, hardly legible on either wing. The hind wings 
have a whitish tint toward base. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Type.—No. 16175, U.S.N.M., selected from 20 specimens, Santiago 
de Cuba, Cuba, June, 1902 (W. Schaus); Jamaica (Schaus collection) ; 
Culebra Island, Porto Rico, February, 1899 (A. Busck); Grenada, 
British West Indies (Schaus collection). 

STENIA ACUMINALIS, new species. 

A rather large form, brownish black shaded, with a slight ocherous 
tint, which comes out strongly on the costa in rubbed specimens; 
lines whitish, black edged, essentially as in gelliasalis. Hind wing 
black, whitish only on the costa, the lines as in declivalis, but softened 
and somewhat less contrasted. Expanse, 14 mm. 

Type—No. 16176, U.S.N.M., selected from nine specimens, La 
Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck); 
Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (C. P. Crafts, J. Zetek); Sixola River, 
Costa Rica, September (W. Schaus). 

The Costa Rican specimen was labeled gelliasalis by Mr. Schaus, 
but it shows the characteristic pointed fore wing of this species. 
STENIA ELECTALIS Walker. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 

STENIA SAMEALIS, new species. 

Brown; fore wing with whitish markings, a patch at basal third 
cut by the median vein, a discal bar, a white band forming spots 
between the veins from subcosta to vein 1, cut by the narrow outer 
line, which is wavy and bends inward along vein 2 to below the end 
of the cell. Hind wing whitish with brown outer border; a dark 
mark in the cell, yellowish spot at the end encircled with brown; 
outer line as on the fore wing, dislocated at vein 2; fringe pale with 
basal and central lines. Expanse, 20 mm. 

Type-—Female, No. 16177, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, 
August, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). Also 8 from the same place, July, 1912 
(J. Zetek), August and November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts),-and 12 from 
French Guiana, March, April, June, July, and August, 1904 (W. 
Schaus), of which one is a male, without modification of the antennze. 
NYMPHULA HERMEASALIS Walker. 

118. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal 
Zone, April, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Porto 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 287 


Bello, April, 1912 (Busck) ; Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck), 
July, 1912 (J. Zetek); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
May, 1911, and June, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); 
Arajan, 1911 (Busck). 

ARGYRACTIS HARPALIS Snellen. 

13. Alhajuelo, March, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, March and 
June, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

ARGYRACTIS NECOMALIS, new species. 

White; fore wing falcate, margin fulvous; a black dash at base of 
costa and inner margin and another dash on costa beyond (not a 
dot as in harpalis); a dull fulvous shade parallel to the oblique middle 
line, both toothed on subcosta; outer line strongly looped out in its 
upper third, the loop filled above and below with fulvous. Hind 
wing with markings as in harpalis with the addition of a large black 
blotch beyond the discal mark. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16194, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, August, 
1912 (C. P. Crafts). Also four others, La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

ARGYRACTIS TICONALIS, new species. 

White; fore wing falcate, margin fulvous; a dot near base of costa; 
two on inner margin, the outermost the larger; inner line slender, 
irregular, blackish, nearly erect, with a faint inward duplication at 
costa; a blackish subapical triangle on costa with slender oblique 
line within it, narrowly joined to a large lunate mark before tornus. 
Hind wing (imperfect) with a black angled median half line and 
some black near the margin. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Type-—Female, No. 16195, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). 

CATACLYSTA HAMIFERALIS Hampson. 

18. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
March, 1911 (Busck), July, 1912 (C. P. Crafts); Porto Bello, March 
and April, 1911, and May, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); 
La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

CATACLYSTA BIJONALIS, new species. 

Diseal dot of fore wing solid, black, followed by yellow; costa 
nearly continuously brown shaded; inner line oblique, preceded by 
yellow, followed by white, which cuts the costal shade; anal area 
filled by a curved yellow line, inclosing two patches of gray scales; 
outer and submarginal dashes wedge-shaped, converging below; mar- 
gin yellow, edged by fine dark lines. Hind wing with three yellow 
bands, the terminal black dots in double row, alternating. Expanse, 
9 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two females, No. 16178, U.S.N.M., La Chorrera, April, 
1912 (Busck). 


288 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


CATACLYSTA ACLISTALIS, new species. 

White, very little yellow, the marks slender and open; costa brown 
with expansions at base, opposite inner line and about discal mark; 
inner line curved, slender, obsolete; a curved median line arising 
from inner margin and directed below discal dash; the latter open, 
white, with two parallel dark lines; outer dash not joining submar- 
ginal dash, both directed toward tornus, where is a small yellow dash 
above a gray streak; termen yellow, preceded and followed by fine 
gray lines. Hind wing white; a broken bent brown line across mid- 
dle; a pale yellow patch beyond cell; apex broadly pale yellow; ter- 
minal dots nearly fused, mixed with metallic violet scales. Expanse, 
14-16 mm. 

Cotypes—Two females, No. 16179, U.S.N.M., Taboga Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck). Also one female, Alhajuelo, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

CATACLYSTA TRIUMPHALIS Schaus. 

60. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
March and June, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); 
Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 
(Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

The discal dot of fore wing is solid, brown, oblique. 

CATACLYSTA AUSPICATALIS Schaus. 

12. Porto Bello, February, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 
1912 (Busck). 

Snnilar to triumphalis, but the discal dot of fore wing is pale, 
open, with a dark line on either side. 

CATACLYSTA GLYCYSALIS, new species. 

White; a brown-gray patch at base of costa; an inwardly oblique 
dark inner band, rather distinctly duplicated by a slender line, not 
quite parallel; a blotch on costa, oblique, inclosing the narrow yellow 
discal bar, to a yellow patch on tornus; submarginal band yellow- 
filled below; termen yellow, preceded by a dark line. Hind wing 
with upright yellow bar across cell, followed by a gray line; a broad 
yellow discal area; terminal black dots in three groups of three each, 
mixed with metallic violet scales and broken apical arc. Expanse, 
13 mm. 

Cotypes—Male and female, No. 16180, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad 
River, March, 1912 (Busck). Also 11 others from the same place 
and date except one, Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck). 

Specimens of this species were determined as C. opulentalis Lederer 
by Mr. Schaus from Costa Rican material, and they do not disagree 
markedly with specimens from French Guiana labeled by Mr. Schaus 
‘‘opulentalis Lederer; divisalis Walk., in B. M.” but from a specimen 
marked ‘‘opulentalis Led.; diwisalis Walk.—type” they do differ, as 


No. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 289 


that has the lower half of fore wing beyond outler line washed with 
yellow and a wide white space on hind wing before the terminal dots, 
which form but two groups. 

CATACLYSTA CABIMALIS, new species. 

Near aclistalis, the markings heavier and less open; yellow color 
deeper, that at anal angle of fore wing forming an arc. On hind 
wing the yellow isorange tinted and forms a large area touching the 
marginal dots. Expanse, 22 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16181, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
CATACLYSTA COMPLICATALIS, new species. 5 

Basal area of fore wing brown on costa, white below, with a yellow 
dash; inner line curved across wing, preceded by white; costa brown 
from thence to outer wedge-shaped mark; discal dot narrow, yellow, 
between two parallel dark lines; a sagittate dark mark above middle 
of inner margin; anal area yellow with a gray dash; subterminal 
wedge-shaped mark yellow-filled below; termen yellow, with dark 
lines bordering. Hind wing with a little gray near base of cell, slen- 
der median line, slight vacuolated yellow patch before the terminal 
black dots, which are fused, preceded by a broken black line and 
a distinct white space. Expanse, 15 mm. 

Type-—Female, No. 16182, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, February, 
1911 (Busck). 

CATACLYSTA BRUNNEODORA, new species. 

Similar to C. triumphalis Schaus, but heavily shaded with brown; 
base of hind wing brown, the outer white line of fore wing narrow. 
In the females the brown generally extends over most of fore wing; 
in males, a larger yellow area is left about anal angle. White space 
before the terminal spots of hind wing is wider than in triwmphalis. 
Expanse, 13-19 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16183, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, 
May, 1912 (Busck). Also 15 others with additional localities Trini- 
dad River, June, 1912 (Busck); Taboga Island, February, 1912 
(Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

CATACLYSTA ARGYROLEPTA, new species. 

Similar to C. peraltalis Schaus, but the abdomen without the dark 
band at base and none or but a trace of dark color at base of hind 
wing. Brown costal area much reduced as compared with perala- 
talis, the wing largely overspread with deep yellow; discal mark 
oblique, white, between two parallel bars, the costa white, not dark 
beyond it. Hind wing largely deep yellow; two silvery white marks 
across the cell and near base of submedian; generally a small white 
space before the large, fused, terminal black spots. Expanse, 10-12 
mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16184, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, 
March and June, 1912 (Busck). Also 13 others from same place and 

34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——19 


290 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, March, 1911, and 
April, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 
CATACLYSTA IOLEPTA, new species. 

Fore wing with the basal area orange yellow, crossed by a straight 
subbasal line; a broad inner band, narrowing toward inner margin, 
cut by a white dash on costa; costa beyond gray, widening to a quad- 
rate patch containing the pale, obscure discal dash; the rest of the 
wing orange yellow; an oblique outer white dash from costa, fol- 
lowed by a grayish triangle and a narrow white subterminal line, 
edged by fine dark lines; fringe gray; a metallic gray dash at tornus. 
Hind wing orange-yellow; two metallic violet dashes across cell; ter- 
minal spots large, condensed into three areas, each with a semicir- 
cular line within. Expanse, 14 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16185, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, March, 1911 
(Busck). 
CATACLYSTA UNILINEALIS, new species. 

Costa gray from base, apex white, crossed by a distinct dark gray 
oblique bar; inner area shaded with yellow; termen yellow; a gray 
dash at tornus. Hind wing irregularly yellow; terminal dots fused 
with a small space before them. Expanse, 7 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16186, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

CATACLYSTA MIGNONALIS, new species. 

Fore wing broadly shaded with dark gray, solidly from base along 
costa, incompletely cut by a whitish inner line and outer dash; discal 
mark narrow, pale, oblique; some white before the yellow anal area, 
which is partly bounded by a broken dark arc; a slender white dash 
before the yellow termen, all bounded by slender dark lines. Hind 
wing broadly blackish shaded at the base, then yellow, cut by a white 
‘line; terminal dots somewhat irregularly placed in two rows on a 
violaceous ground, a small white space before. Expanse, 13-18 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16187, U.S.N.M.; Chiriquicito, 
April, 1907 (W. Schaus). Also four from same place and Chiriqui, 
May, 1907 (W. Schaus). Mr. Schaus collected a series of this species 
in Costa Rica, but he labeled the specimens jalapalis Schaus. From 
jalapalis (=orizabalis Schaus) the present species differs conspicu- 
ously in a number of characters. @. mignonalis, rather, is allied to 
C. amathystina Schaus, but that has the dark basal areas vacuolated 
with white. @. jalapalis has no dark basal area on the hind wing. 
CATACLYSTA SYMPHONALIS, new species. 

Fore wing nearly solidly blackish at base, followed by a white line, 
then a slender blackish one bent on submedian; median space whitish 
below, solidly blackish powdered on costa; outer line zigzag, fol- 
lowed by two white oblique areas above and one below; between the 
two upper is the oblique dark discal dash, sometimes prolonged and 
bent; following area dark to the white erect subterminal line; ter- 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. ZOW 


men orange, separated by a slender line; fringe dark. Hind wing 
broadly pleeken at base; then a white area traversed by a zigzag 
blackish line; apex bltek dotted with a concentric pale ring or loop; 
terminal binek spots large, single, separated by metallic violet, 
without preceding white space. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16188, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck). Also ten others from the same place and 
Paraiso, Canal Zone, June, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck). 

Somewhat allied to C. annulalis Guenée. 

CATACLYSTA MULTIPICTA, new species. 

Sunilar to symphonalis, but with oval orange patches before tornus 
and in middle of submarginal costal wedge of fore wing and at anal 
angle of hind wing. Lines more oblique, the basal dark area cut by 
a pale line and blotched with orange. Hind wing with the looped 
line not inclosed among the subapical dots but preceding them. 
Expanse, 9-13 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16189, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, 
March, 1911 (Busck). Also six others from the same place. 
CATACLYSTA AUTOBELLA, new species. 

Fore wing with a dark patch at base, the median area finely lined 
and irrorated with black; apical area dull orange with two oblique 
convergent silvery half lines on costa; fringe dark; a leaden patch at 
tornus. Hind wing with numerous crooked black lines over the 
disk on a white ground; terminal black spots confluent, separated by 
violet and followed by little orange dots. Expanse, 12 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16190, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). Also 22 others from the same place and La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

Allied to C. diwulsalis Walker. 

CATACLYSTA VACUOLATA, new species. 

Costa dark at base; inner line oblique, median zigzag, all confluent 
and dividing the base into five white areas and one orange one; 
apical half of wing orange, with two white convergent costal half lines; 
fringe dark; a leaden spot before tornus; hind wing with three 
straight black lines, one before, two beyond the orange, dark-edged 
discal spot; terminal dots small, uniform, followed by orange dots; 
an orange streak at tornus. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16191, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, June, 
1912 (J. Zetek, No. 76). Also 26 others from the same catch and 
August and November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck). 

CATACLISTA DIALITHA, new species. 

Base of fore wing gray; inner band broad, white; median area 
gray powdered, with fine curved subcostal lines to discal dash, pale, 
between two parallel lines; subapical triangle dark, with a white 


292 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47. 


line on each side; termen orange. Hind wing narrowly dark at base, 
then white; a naked orange discal mark, followed shortly by another; 
apical area with coarse black dots; a broad white area before the 
irregular, fused, terminal spots. Expanse, 9 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16192, U.S.N.M.; Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 
1911 (Busck). 

CATACLYSTA ZELOTA, new species. 

White; fore wing with subbasal, inner and mesial lines pale fulvous, 
becoming blackish on costa, angled subcostally; outer line crumpled, 
visible only below; subapical triangle fulvous, short, edged within 
by blackish geminate submarginal line, which is excurved below and 
in-angled on submedian fold, preceded there by orange; termen 
orange; fringe dark. Hind wing with a fulvous line across the disk, 
slight fulvous shading outwardly; terminal spots doubled and pre- 
ceded by short arcs, Separated by metallic scales. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16193, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, June, 
1912 (Busck). 

PARAMBIA, new genus. 


Palpi upturned, the third joint long and acuminate; maxillary 
palpi filiform, rather long; front rounded, not prominent. Fore 
wing with veins 8-11 stalked; hind wing with the margin excavated 
below apex and again very slightly before anal angle. 

Type of the genus.—Parambia gnomosynalis, new species. 

PARAMBIA GNOMOSYNALIS, new species. 

Fore wing white at base; inner line blackish, faint, bounding the 
white aroa; median space irrorated with black, becoming fulvous on 
costa, but leaving a white area in the curve of outer line; discal 
mark black, clouded; outer line slender, black, denticulate, broadly 
excurved over cell; terminal space black-irrorate, with a patch near 
center of margin, dull fulvous at apex. Hind wing whitish at base; 
a black patch below cell, with a large hair-tuft; outer line black, 
slender, curved; terminal space black-filled, leaving a little pale line 
on each side; termen narrowly fulvous and blackish, between two 
slender black lines; fringe pale. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Type—Female, No. 16196, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, March, 1911 
(Busck). Also seven females from the same place, April, 1912 
(Busck); Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, 
May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 
Males of the same, or a closely allied species from French Guiana, 
have the antenne thickened to two-thirds their length, then 
suddenly narrowed and twisted. 

PARAMBIA GLENEALIS, new species. 

Close to gnomosynalis, but all the fore wing beyond the inner line 
shaded with fulvous brown; outer line and discal lunule black on 
the brown ground; a trace of white in the curve of outer line; ter- 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 293 


minal line black, strong. Hind wing with the shading brown, filling 
in beyond the cell as well as in terminal space. Expanse, 12 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16197, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 
1911 (Busck). Also two females from Cayenne, French Guiana 
(W. Schaus). 

AMBIA FOVECOSTA, new species. 

Fulvous, blackish irrorate, marked with broad silvery white bands; 
subbasal and inner curved; a spot in cell with raised black dot on 
costal edge; discal dot black with a white streak beyond it; outer 
line curved around cell, dislocated, forming a cone in submedian 
space; subterminal line curved, forming an angle in submedian. ~ 
Hind wing with the same markings as on fore wing, the inner lines 
wavy, the outer not broken but twice curved, the submarginal 
broken. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16198, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, March, 1911 
(Busck). Also one male, Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
AMBIA FULVALIS, new species. 

Close to fovecosta, but clearer fulvous, the dark irrorations confined 
to the edges of the white bands; markings essentially the same, the 
subterminal area of hind wing broader, the white mark after the 
discal mark large. Expanse, 12 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16199, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Buseck). 

AMBIA FUSCALIS, new species. 

Near fovecosta, but without fulvous, all fuscous brown between the 
lines; lines narrow, about half as wide as in the allied species, with 
essentially the same arrangement; discal dots of both wings blackish, 
without following white dash. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16200, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, February, 1911 
(Busck). 

AMBIA FULVITINCTALIS Hampson. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 

Agrees with a specimen from Costa Rica labeled “‘ Ambia fulvitine- 
talis Hps., fide Hps.”’ by Mr. Schaus, but the specimen does not agree 
very closely with the description. 

AMBIA FLAVALIS Warren. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

A female, agreeing fairly well with two males from French Guiana, 
which are apparently conspecific with a labeled specimen from 
southern Brazil. 

AMBIA PAIGNIODESALIS, new species. 

White, much irrorated with blackish; a black patch at base of 
inner margin; inner line white, far out, sharply and lengthily angled 
on subcosta and submedian; discal mark white, lunular, between 
two black bars; outer line black and oblique above, running to outer 
margin, where there is a black spot on the fringe, then indistinctly 


294 : PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


and obliquely inward to its normal position; a row of terminal black 
dots; fringe grayish. Hind wing with a triangular black patch and 
tuft below the cell; outer line blackish, crenulate; terminal dots 
forming a spot on submedian and stain on the fringe at anal angle. 
Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 17201, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). Also another female with the same label. 

Allied to a species from southern Brazil labeled Ambia albibasalis 
Hampson by Mr. Schaus. 

AMBIA ENARERALIS, new species. 

White, dusted with black, very broadly and solidly so in outer 
half of median space; inner line curved, blackish, slender, indistinct; 
outer line far out, limiting the dark area, excurved above, then inward 
at vein 2, slightly excurved again below; subterminal line similar, 
parallel, evenly dividing the white marginal area; termen a little 
fulvous, with dots before and line beyond. Hind wing with diffuse 
shading below cell and a raised black tuft; outer line looped up on 
submedian; seven minute black dots on the lower half of margin in 
a fulvous band. Expanse, 12 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16202, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Buseck). Also one female, Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

AMBIA ENALLASSALIS, new species. 

Close to enareralis, but without black shading in outer half of 
median space; outer line broad above; subterminal line close to and 
parallel with outer line, not evenly dividing terminal space, but leav- 
ing a rather wide white apex. Hind wing with a broader leaden 
gray area before the seven dots; third joint of palpi longer and 
sharper than in enareralis. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16203, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, Novem- 
ber, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). Also one female, Porto Bello, April, 1912 
(Busck). 

AMBIA ENANTIALIS, new species. 

Close to the two preceding species, but entirely without black 
shading, hardly irrorate; a blackish discal spot; outer and submar- 
ginal lines parallel, curved. Hind wing with only an angular patch 
of black irrorations in center of disk; outer line far out, slightly 
angled only on submedian fold; terminal seven dots gathered in three 
pairs and one single, with a narrow gray preceding area; discal tuft 
of but few long black hairs. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16204, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, May 1911 
(Busck). 

The type has lost the head, left front wing, and part of right hind 
wing, but the distinctive characters are obvious. 

OLIGOSTIGMA PROFUSALIS Schaus. 

2. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck); Chiriquicito, April, 1907 

(W. Schaus). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 295 


OLIGOSTIGMA MOLLITALIS Schaus. 

2. Chiriquicito, April, 1907 (W. Schaus). 
OLIGOSTIGMA PURIFACTALIS, new species. 

Near mollitalis Schaus; subbasal line forming two yellowish 
patches across the wing; inner line far out, partly blackish, erect, 
straight; discal mark faint, yellowish; outer line double, of two black 
parallel lines above, single in its incurve to discal mark and below. 
Hind wing similarly marked; one fulvous discal line, two parallel 
outer ones, black on their costal segments. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type—Female, No. 16205, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, April, 1912 
(Buseck). 

OLIGOSTIGMA SEMIMARGINALE, new species. 

Black; discal dot a shade darker; outer line faint, whitish, curved 
from costa to discal spot; subterminal line white, curved, forming a 
small spot above tornus; termen blackish. Hind wing with the 
subterminal line followed by a narrow even orange border, containing 
the terminal dots and fading toward apex. Expanse, 12 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, No. 16206, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, 
November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

OLIGOSTIGMA TIGRINALE, new species. 

Fulvous, powderly; lines white, slender, edged with purplish black 
scales; fore wing with the inner line curved, the outer making a 
sinus below cell; discal mark large, powdery, black and white; ter- 
minal line slender, like the others; frmge concolorous. Hind wing 
with the same lines, the outer without sinus, only flexuous. Ex- 
panse, 8 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16207, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). Also one male, Corozal, Canal Zone, August, 1912 (C. P. 
Crafts). 

OLIGOSTIGMA ELECTRALE, new species. 

White; wings at basal third and thorax densely irrorated with dull 
purple; fore wing with the color extending up to cell, then an orange 
costal dash; beyond, three orange cuneiform dashes, one to apex, 
one to tornus, one between; small lines on costa representing the 
inner and outer lines. Hind wing with the whole base purple, crossed 
by two white lines; terminal area ale six radiating orange streaks. 
Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16208, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, March, 1911 
(Busck). 

AULACODES CHMIALIS Guenée. 

2. Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, 
May, 1911 (Busck). 

AULACODES REVERSALIS, new species. 

Black, with fine white lmes; fore wing with the first lme sharply 
angled, the second looped smoothly around it, third oblique, straight; 
costal triangle without white central wedge; subterminal band 
straight, short; terminal line slender. Hind wing with second and 


296 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


third lines with paler area between, the first three lines nearly straight 
and parallel; subterminal and terminal lines approximate, slender. 
Expanse, 10 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16209, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, June, 1912 
(Busck). Also three others from the same place and Trinidad River, 
June, 1912 (Busck). 

Allied to A. delicata Schaus. 

AULACODES TRAVERSALIS, new species. 

First line broken, forming two long, parallel, longitudmal dashes; 
second line following, sharply angled; third line oblique, with a costal 
wedge before it; costal triangle with central wedge; subterminal and 
terminal lines similar; all lines distinct. Hind wing with four 
straight and two curved lines. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16210, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, May, 1911 
(Busck). Also two others with the same data. 

Allied to A. citronalis Druce. 

AULACODES OBTUSALIS, new species. 

First line obsolete; second and third oblique, parallel, bent a little 
near inner margin; costal loop round, U-shaped; subterminal line 
single, broad, spotted, the other lines all very slender. Hind wing 
with three slender equidistant lines and traces of the marginal spotted 
one. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16211, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, April, 1912 
(Busck). Allied to A. psyllalis Guenée. 


HOMOPHYSODES, new genus. 


Palpi upturned, fringed with scales in front, forming triangular 
tufts at the ends of first and second joints, third slender; maxillary 
palpi filiform, moderate; fronts rounded, not prominent. Hind wing 
evenly rounded. Antenne with the shaft annulate. 

Type of the genus.—Homophysodes morbidalis, new species. 

This is only a Homophysa in which vein 10 of fore wing has become 
stalked with veins 8-9 instead of with 11; but the exigencies of our 
present classification require its removal to another subfamily and 
the erection of a new genus. 

HOMOPHYSODES MORBIDALIS, new species. 

Cream-colored; fore wing orange at base and apex and a blotch 
at end of cell; irrorated with purple over the rest of wing, intensified 
below apical spot and at tornus. Lines curved, crenulate, edged 
with blackish powderings, the outer excurved gently over cell. Hind 
wing pale along costa, powdered with blackish over the disk, with a 
faint paler outer line. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16212, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). Also one male, two females from the same place and Coro- 
zal, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck). 

Much like Homophysa cynalis Dyar and H. moribundalis Dyar, 
previously described in this paper. 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 297 


ESCANDIA, new genus. 


Tongue distinct; palpi upturned, the second joint expanded with 
scales at summit; third joint long, slender. Maxillary palpi minute, 
scale-like. Fore wing with veins 7-10 on a stalk arising long before 
apex of cell; outer margin shallowly excavate. Hind wing pointed 
subapically, the margin excavate below and thence coarsely wavy. 

Type of the genus.— Escandia fimbrialis, new species. 

ESCANDIA FIMBRIALIS, new species. 

Fore wing shaded with pink at the base, followed by olive gray, 
brown and pink shades to the margin, leaving the inner margin 
broadly yellowish and pale; costa before apex nearly white; no lines 
or spots, except a little black along inner margin. Hind wing heavily 
marbled with black, the fringe with black spatulate scales; a white 
mesial band, broken centrally, with a little yellow beyond and fol- 
lowed by deeper black; a pale crenulate faint subterminal line. 
Expanse, 15 mm. 

Type—Female, No. 16213, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 
1912 (C. P. Crafts). Also one female, Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). 

Subfamily CHRYSAUGIN 4. 
SACCOPLEURA CATOCALIS Ragonot. 

2. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

GEPHYRA COSTINOTATA Schaus. 

11. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Cabina, May, 1911 
(Busck); La Chorrera;May, 1912 (Busck); Tabernilla, Canal Zone, 
May, 1907 (Busck); Trinidad River, June 1912 (Busck); Corozal, 
Canal Zone, November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

GEPHYRA POMPONIUS Druce. 

6. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, 
May, 1912 (Busck). 

As identified by Mr. Schaus in Costa Rican examples. It is con- 
specific with Salobrena tecome Riley. 

SALOBRENA VACUANA Walker. 

11. Porto Bello, April, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 
(Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck); Cabina, May, 1911 
(Busck); Trinidad River, May, 1911 (Busck). 

SALOBRENA DICELA, new species. 

Fore wing with veins 7-10 stalked; two incisions in the costa. 
Dark purple-brown; fore wing with two very faint darker slender 
lines. Hind wing gray-brown; beneath with a broad black half-band 
on costa, shaded inwardly, edged outwardly by a whitish line. 
Expanse, 12 mm. 


298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


Type.—Female, No. 16277, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, May, 1912 
(Busck). Also five others, three from the same place, one May, 1911 
(Busck), and one Corozal, Canal Zone, August, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 
Also one male in poor condition, the fore wing apparently lighter 
purplish, the lines more contrasted, the hind wing deep black above. 

A specimen from Aroa, Venezuela, is labeled ‘“ Salobrena excisana 
Walk. fide B. M.,” but Hampson figures and describes vein 10 from 
the cell in that species.! 


EOBRENA, new genus. 


General characters of Salobrena Walker, but veins 10 and 11 of 
fore wing stalked. 

Type of the genus.— Hobrena melo p oalis, new species. 

EOBRENA MELOPOALIS, new species. 

Fore wing of the male with a tympanic vesicle at base of costa, 
the costa lobed and excavate beyond at middle. Purplish brown, 
the costa and a broad band beyond basal vesicle more or less dis- 
tinctly orange-ocher; a white mark at costal incision and dots 
beyond; a white patch in the fringe below apex and above tornus; 
center of wing darker shaded. Hind wing with traces of a pale 
outer line. Expanse, 12 mm. 

Female with the costa with a slight emargination at the middle; 
apex pointed; purple-brown; no orange markings; a white dash at 
costal incision and dots beyond; wing faintly transversely shaded. 
Expanse, 14 mm. 

Cotypes——Male and female, No. 16276, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck). Also 20 males and 31 females from the 
same place and Porto Bello, May, 1912 (Busck); Tabogilla Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, 
Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); 
Trinidad River, March and June, 1912 (Busck). 

In the series the size varies for males from 9-13 mm.; for females, 
10-14 mm. The males vary in color, the orange markings being 
more or less distinct, sometimes absent; the females are quite uni- 
form in color. 

TOSALE OVIPLAGALIS Walker. 

46. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
April, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
April, 1912 (Busck); Chiriquicito, April, 1907 (W. Schaus); Taber- 
nilla, Canal Zone May, 1907 (Buseck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); 
La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


1Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1890, p. 649. 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 299 


GEPHYRELLA, new genus. 


Palpi porrect, straight, somewhat shaggy in the male, exceeding 
the head by its own length, smooth and gently downcurved in the 
female, rather longer than in the male; a long frontal tuft; costa 
convex beyond the middle; male with tympanic vesicle. Fore wing 
with veins 3, 4 from the cell, 4-5 stalked, distorted and appressed in 
the male; 6 from below the end of cell; 8 absent in the male, present 
in the female; 7-9 stalked, 10 and 11 on the cell; veins 7-11 distorted 
in the male. Hind wing with vein 2 from before the end of the cell, 
4 absent, 3 and 5 from the drawn-out lower angle of the cell; 6 from 
the apex of cell; 7 anastomosing with 8. 

Type of the genus.—Gephyrella parsimonalis, new species. 
GEPHYRELLA PARSIMONALIS, new species. 

Dark purple-brown, shining; fore wing with two very pale viola- 
ceous filiform lines, the inner curved, the outer wavily oblique; a 
minute white speck on costa in the emargination before apex; fringe 
touched with yellow. Hind wing black, the fringe touched with 
yellow; a short oblique obscure whitish streak before center of 
margin. Expanse, 8 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16273, U.S.N.M.; Alhajuelo, April, 
1911 (Busck). Also 67 others from the same place and Corozal, 
Canal Zone, March, 1911, and May, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, February, 1912 (Busck); Taboga Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck). 

The long series shows considerable variation. Some are a little 
larger or smaller, the range of expanse being 7-10 mm. In color 
the darkest are uniform purple-blackish without the yellow tint in 
the fringe; the lightest are red-brown, the color deepest at base and 
lighter in the discal field, sometimes resembling a patch of light 
color; these also without the yellow fringe. 

CASUARIA PURPUREA Schaus. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
SAMCOVA DAMIA Ragonot. 

5. Chiriquicito, April, 1907 (W. Schaus) ; Taboga Island, June, 1911 
(Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
July, 1912 (Busck). 


RESTIDIA, new genus. 


Palpi and wing-shape of Gephyrella, but different in venation. 
Fore wing with veins 3-5 from the cell, straight, not distorted in the 
male; 6 from the end of the cell; 7-9 stalked, not distorted in the 
male; 10 and 11 from the cell, straight in both sexes. Hind wing 
with 2 to 5 from the cell, 4 present, 6 from the apex of the cell, 7 
anastomosing with 8. 

Type of the genus —hestidia ruha, new species. 


300 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47. 


RESTIDIA RUBA, new species. 

Male with the costal edge full and rounded at base over the tym- 
panic vesicle, slightly emarginate beyond the middle; reddish brown, 
the vesicle dark; lines very faint, the outer most distinct, whitish, 
double, finely crenulate, gently excurved above middle. _Hind wing 
gray-black. Beneath purplish, the hind wing with an outer pale line 
defined by dark. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Female with the costa nearly straight; a very slight shallow emar- 
gination near the middle. Purplish, the lines less distinct than in 
the male, scarcely visible. Beneath more uniformly dark than in 
the male, the outer pale line of hind wing distinct. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Cotypes—Male and female, No. 16275, U.S.N.M.; male, Porto 
Bello, April, 1912 (Busck), female, Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
Also 17 males and 40 females with additional localities Taboga 
Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 
(Busck); November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 
(Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad 
River, May, 1911, March and June, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck); Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck). 

The males vary in color from light red to a dark purple like the 
females. Range in size for males, 8-10 mm.; for females, 8-10 mm. 
The females are constant in coloration. 

I possess specimens like these (except that veins 4—5 of fore wing 
are stalked) from Trinidad and French Guiana labeled ‘ Lepidomys 
fuscalis Hampson, cotype ¢” [recte 92], from Venezuela labeled 
“ Lepidomys cuprealis Hampson, cotype ¢, type @,” and one from 
Mexico with the same label (fuscalis, cotype male). In this latter, 
veins 4 and 5 of the fore wing are from the cell, as in the Panama 
specimens. Lepidomys Guenée! was described as a Noctuid and its 
single species, L. irrenosa Guenée was credited to New York. The 
name stood in our old lists, but I omitted it from Bulletin 52, United 
States National Museum, as the late Prof. J: B. Smith stated that it 
was not North American. Hampson did not include it in his papers 
on the Pyralinz (1895-8), evidently having discovered that it was a 
Pyralid only subsequently to that date. As the species L. irrenosa 
is unknown to me, I use the new name Restidia, which can be made 
a synonym if no differences appear. The names fuscalis and cuprealis 
of Hampson apply to the forms with veins 4—5 of fore wing stalked, 
to light and dark males on one species, in my opinion. 

I have also specimens identified by Mr. Schaus as Lepidomys lineosa 
Druce (Azamora lineosa Druce®), one from Mexico, one from Costa 
Rica. They are not conspecific, and neither, perhaps, the true lineosa 
from Ecuador, but they appear from Guenée’s description to be simi- 


1 Spec. Gen., vol. 6, 1852, p. 201. 
2 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), vol. 17, 1906, p. 205. 
3 Idem, vol. 9, 1902, p. 328. 


— 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 301 


lar to irrenosa. If really related, and irrenosa proves structurally 
similar, they may be easily separated generically by the absence of 
vein 10 in fore wing, so that the genus Restidia will be justified. 
LEPIDOMYS VIRIDANS Schaus. 

4. Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck). 
LEPIDOMYS BILINEALIS, new species. 

Fore wing with vein 10 from the cell; 4 and 5 apart on fore wing, 
from a point or shortly stalked on hind wing. Dark purple-brown, 
with two slender white lines on fore wing, the inner straight, oblique 
across the wing, the outer coarsely wavy and retracted a little below 
costa. Hind wing purplish fuscous with outer whitish line, angled on 
submedian, faint toward costa. Expanse, 12 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16306, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, May, 1911. 
(Busck). Also 13 others, all females, with additional localities, 
Porto Bello, February, 1911, and April, 1912 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal 
Zone, January, 1911 (Busck). 

LEPIDOMYS PLATYBATHYRALIS, new species. 

Fore wing with vein 8 absent; basal and terminal spaces pale olive 
brown, the basal space very wide; median space pale grayish, much 
paler than the rest of the wing, containing a dark discal dot and 
bounded by two dark lines, which are indistinctly relieved from the 
dark adjoining spaces. Hind wing pale fuscous. Male darker than 
the female throughout, the hind wing nearly black; fore wing dark 
olive with light mesial band. Expanse, male, 10 mm.; female, 12mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16305, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal 
Zone, July, 1912, male (J. Zetek), female, April, 1911 (Busck). Also 
seven females from the same locality and Porto Bello, February, 1912 
(Busck). 

HYPOCOSMIA BIMACULALIS, new species. 

Orange-red; fore wing purple at base and through inner half of 
median space; a white spot on costa at inception of each line; lines 
purple, single, the inner arcuate, accompanied faintly by white; 
outer excurved below costa, then oblique and straight; fringe dark. 
Hind wing dark orange with purplish outer line near the costa. Ex- 
panse, 17 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16293, U.S.N.M.; Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 

Hampson gives this genus as having veins 4, 5 of fore wing sepa- 
rate, but in my specimens they are more commonly stalked. In the 

‘ present species vein 7 arises before 9, whereas in H. definitalis Ragonot 
7 arises after 9. 
HYPOCOSMIA RECTILINEALIS, new species. 

Fore wing with veins 4, 5 from the cell, 7-9 stalked, 7 arising before 
9, 10 and 11 from the cell, free. Fore wing brown, with tint of olive 
at base and outer margin, shading to whitish next the outer line; 
median space dark brown filled outwardly, shading lighter next the 


302 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47. 


inner line; lines white, narrow, straight, perpendicular, parallel. 
Hind wing blackish. Expanse, 18 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16292, U.S.N.M.; male, Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck); female, Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 
CARCHA YVIOLALIS Hampson. 

2. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Buseck). 

Described from a female. In the male, the venation is very dif- 
ferent; veins 4 and 5 are approximated at base, 6 below the angle 
of the cell, 7-9 stalked, 7 near the base of the stalk, 9 being near the 
apex, 10 and 11 on the cell, free; a flattened vesicle at base of costa. 
STHENOBAEA DYOPSATA Schaus. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

Described as Sanguesa' but clearly belonging to Sthenobaea. 
ADENOPTERYX METALLESCENS, new species. 

Male with the venation of A. conchyliatalis Ragonot, except that 
veins 4, 5 of fore wing are long-stalked and 6-7 well stalked; glandular 
swelling at base of costa rather more elongate than in Hampson’s 
figure. Female with the venation unmodified, veins 4-5 stalked, 
6-9 stalked, 10, 11 from the cell, 11 anastomosing shortly with 12. 

Fore wing violaceous black with coppery reflection, roughly scaly, 
without markings, the apex downcurved and wrinkly. Hind wing 
black, squamose, with less metallic reflection. Expanse, male, 14 
mm.; female, 18 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16274, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 
1911 (Buseck). Also eleven males, one female, ail from the same 
place but two, La Chorrera, May 1912, (Busck). 

HYPERPARACHMA RHODALIS Hampson. 

15. Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); Porto Bello, May, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck); Trinidad River, May, 1911 (Busck). 


ZAMANNA, new genus. 


Front smooth, no tuft. Fore wing of the female with vein 3 before 
the end of the cell, 4 and 5 approximated at the base; 6 from upper 
angle; 7-9 stalked, 10, 11 on the cell. Hind wing with 2 and 3 free, 
4 and 5 approximated at base. Male with the costa distorted, an 
emargination at end of cell with a fold on upper side beyond cell 
containing hairs; veins 6 and 7 approximated at base, 7-9 stalked, 
8 absent, 10 and 11 from the cell, distorted. Palpislender in the male, 
upturned to the middle of the front; shorter in the female, scarcely 
upturned, oblique. 

Type of the genus.—Zamanna dimorphalis, new species. 


1 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 1904, p. 176. 
2 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1897, p. 672, fig. 45. 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 803 


ZAMANNA DIMORPHALIS, new species. 

Dark brown, slightly olive tinted; male with the distorted costa 
darker, especially the fold beyond cell; two slender, obscure, whitish 
lines, a little curved, especially the outer one above; discal and ter- 
minal dots clouded, a shade darker than the ground. A whitish line 
at base of fringe on both wings. Hind wing dark, uniform. Ex- 
panse, male, 14 mm.; female, 16 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16264, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, 
February and March, 1911 (Busck). Also 12 males and 3 females, 
all from the same place but two, Paraiso, Canal Zone, January and 
February, 1911 (Busck). 

ARICA SPLENDENS Druce. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
PARIDNEA MONOFLEXA, new species. 

Very similar to P. holophacalis Ragonot, but the inner line excurved 
on its middle third; also somewhat smaller and darker, brown color 
less reddish; fringe interlined with brown, the basal whitish line di- 
vided. Expanse, 25-27 mm. 

Cotypes.—Three females, No. 16265, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Buseck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 

XANTIPPE SUAVIS Schaus. 

3. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). 

XANTIPPE OLIVALIS, new species. 

Fore wing dark olive, easily fading to ocher, the termen rather 
broadly blackish shaded, persistent; two slender, nearly straight, 
pale, obscure lines; fringe yellow, touched with black and red at 
apex; costa narrowly black scaled. Hind wing blackish, the fringe 
with light basal line following a narrow dark terminal one, touched 
with red at apex; beneath, costa ocher and black; a red subcostal 
line; apex broadly dark red, the rest of the wing black. Hind wing 
whitish, broadly red along the costa; an outer pale line, farther from 
the margin apically. Expanse, male, 13 mm.; female, 15 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16266, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, 
January, 1911, and February, 1912 (Busck). Also one male and nine 
females, five from Taboga Island, five from Alhajuelo, April, 1911 
(Busck). 

The fore wing has vein 3 from the cell, 4—5 stalked. 

XANTIPPE ERNA, new species. 

Fore wing olive green with two slender, straight, obscure, whitish 
lines; costa very narrowly marked with red and black scales; a narrow, 
broken terminal black line; fringe whitish, black at tornus. Hind 
wing blackish, with pale line in base of fringe; below, fore wing black, 
with only a narrow red area along costa. Hind wing pale, gray- 
shaded, the costal fourth powdered with red; outer line pale, gray- 
edged, retracting from the margin at apex. Expanse, 12 mm. 


304 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47. 


Type.—Female, No. 16267, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911. Also 
a male with the same data, in much poorer condition, but I think 
the same species. 

XANTIPPE GERTRIA, new species. , 

Fore wing olive green with two faint, pale lines; costa narrowly 
black, both the lines forming minute dots; termen a little browner; 
a marginal broken black line; fringe pale orange, except at apex and 
tornus. Hind wing blackish. Below without any red; fore wing all 
black but the fringe; hind wing black-powdered, the outer curved 
pale line defined by black on both sides. Expanse, 12 mm. 

Type.—No. 16268, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
XANTIPPE TRUDIE, new species. 

Fore wing brownish ocher, shading to crimson-brown on the mar- 
gin; costal edge crimson; terminal black line broken into spots; fringe 
orange-yellow centrally. Hind wing black; a pale yellowish line in 
the base of the long fringe. Below, fore wing black; costa narrowly 
ocher with red powdering; terminal line black; fringe as above. Hind 
wing pale, sordid, the costa broadly washed with reddish; outer line 
pale, with black inner edge. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16269, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

XANTIPPE TRESCA, new species. 

Fore wing crimson-brown with two fine, illy defined, ocher lines; 
a terminal row of black dashes; fringe pale yellow, red at apex, black 
at tornus. Hind wing sordid, pale, the costal third red-powdered; 
outer line curved, pale, darked-edged. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16270, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

Fore wing with vein 3 shortly before the end of the cell, 4-5 stalked. 


CRAFTSIA, new genus. 


Palpi upturned to slightly above vertex, smoothly scaled, pointed; 
front rather smoothly scaled. Fore wing with veins 3 and 4 absent, 
cell open, 6 from the end of cell, 7-10 stalked, 7 arising beyond 10, 
8 absent, 11 free. Hind wing with 2 before the end of the cell, 3-5 
stalked, 4 absent, 6 and 8 stalked, 7 and 8 coincident. 

Named in honor of Mr. C. P. Crafts, who contributed to the col- 
lections here listed. 

Type of the genus.—Craftsia vaetta, new species. 

CRAFTSIA VAETTA, new species. 

Red-brown; fore wing with two faint, pale lines, the inner angled 
on median vein, the outer excurved alittle subcostally; costa and apex 
somewhat more heavily scaled. Hind wing whitish, stained with 
red-brown, especially at apex; a distinct fold submedianly, reaching 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 305 


the margin close below the end of vein 2, at a dark-brown mark. A 
stiff pencil of dark ocher-brown hairs lies along subcosta. Expanse, 
11 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16272, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, Novem- 
ber, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). Also two females, presumably the same, 
but of such fresh color as to appear quite different from the faded 
male, Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck). 

Apparently closely allied to Chenevadia huralis, but the venation 
of fore and hind wings curiously transposed. 


CHENEVADIA, new genus. 


Palpi upturned about to vertex, third joint smooth, long, second 
with scales beneath. Fore wing with vein 2 from the end of the cell, 
3-5 stalked, 4 absent, 6 from the upper angle of cell, 7-10 stalked, 
7 arising beyond 9, 11 anastomosing with 12. Hind wing with 3 and 
4 absent, cell open, 6 from the upper angle of cell, 7 anastomosing 
with 8. 

Type of the genus.—Chenevadia huralis, new species. 

CHENEVADIA HURALIS, new species. 

Red-brown; fore wing shading to fuscous at apex; two pale, 
slender lines, the inner irregular and toothed on median vein, the 
outer incurved subcostally. Hind wing washed with pale toward 
base; an inner area of modified yellow androconia in a patch in the 
cell and in a long groove along submedian; a long yellow pencil sub- 
costally, lying parallel to costa and having its origin near base of 
both hind and fore wing. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16271, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). Also six males from the same place and Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck). 

PARACHMA METERYTHRA Hampson. 

2. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck). 

PARACHMA FERVIDALIS, new species. 

Fore wing red, brownish crimson, with two nearly straight, pale, 
. diffused lines a row of terminal black dots; fringe like the general 
color. Hind wing blackish. Expanse, male, 9 mm.; female, 10 mm. 

Fore wing with veins 3-5 stalked, 4 present, 7-10 stalked, 9 absent. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16295, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, 
April, 1912 (Busck). Also one male and nine females from the same 
place, May, 1912 (Busck) and La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck) ; 
Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck) ; Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1912 (Busck). 

34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——20 


306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


PARACHMA TARACHODES, new species. 

Venation variable in the fore wing: (1) female, 2, 3 well spaced, 3 
from end of cell, 4-5 shortly stalked; (2) female, similar but 3 shortly 
before end of cell; (3) male, 3 shortly stalked on stem of 4-5; (4) male, 
_ 2 and 3 approximate before end of cell, 4, 5 separate; vein 7 present, 
stalked with 8-10. Hind wing with 3 absent, 4 and 5 seeming 
stalked but really separate, borne on the long-pointed narrow lower 
angle of the cell. 

Fore wing light purplish in basal and terminal spaces, median area 
darker brown, bounded by the two pale, nearly straight lines; costa 
with interrupted black line, resembling the black terminal dashes; 
fringe light purplish. Hind wing light fuscous, with distinct terminal 
dashes and a line in the fringe. Below, washed with fuscous. 
Expanse, 15 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16297, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, April, 1912 
(Busck). Also one male, two females from the same place and La 
Chorrera, May, 1912. 


TOROTAMBE, new genus. 


Palpi downcurved, about one and a half times the length of the 
head, rather thickly scaled. Fore wing with veins 2 and 3 before 
end of cell, 4, 5 from a point, 6 before apex of cell, 7-10 stalked, 7 
arising beyond 9, 11 free. Hind wing with 2, 3 before end of cell, 
4—5 stalked, 6 shortly stalked, 7 anastomosing with 8. 

Type of the genus.— Torotambe mirabella, new species. 

TOROTAMBE MIRABELLA, new species. 

Fore wing with the costa arched beyond base, the apex a little 
produced and turned upward; violaceous, with olive-brown mark- 
ings; a spot on costa at basal third; a band from apex, containing 
a round white spot on vein 6, widening below and shading off; a 
lunate patch at end of cell. Hind wing straw-color, a little fuscous 
tinted outwardly. 

Type.—Male, No. 16290, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

DEOPTERYX, new genus. 


Fore wing with the venation distorted, the cell involved in the 
distortion; 2-3 stalked, 4-5 stalked, bent down at origin and approxi- 
mated to 2-3; 6-7 distant from 4-5, approximated at base and bent 
downward; 7-9 stalked, distant; 8 absent; 10 and 11 free, arising 
from the cell, somewhat crumpled. Costa with an oval swelling at 
the base, incised and folded at middle, with long curved tufts of hair 
on the upper side over the cell. Hind wing with vein 2 near the 
middle of the cell, 4—5 free, arising close together from the produced 
lower angle of the cell, 6 from the upper angle of the cell, 7 anastomos- 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THH PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 307 


ing with 8. Palpi upturned, short, blunt, reaching the middle of the 
front; hairs of front long, appressed, directed downward. 

Type of the genus.—Deopteryx hypenetes, new species. 

DEOPTERYX HYPENETES, new species. 

Dark brown, scarcely metallic, the curved tufts over the cell 
purplish; no markings except a dark terminal line. Hind wing of 
the same color, not metallic. Expanse, 19 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16291, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
Also four males from the same place. 

GALASA MONITORALIS, new species. 

Dark purplish, blackish irrorated; inner line whitish, acutely 
angled subcostally and at vein 1; outer line excurved, pale, faint; 
traces of a dark inner discal dot. Hind wing subtranslucent fuscous, 
a little paler at base, especially in males. Expanse, male, 11 mm.; 
female, 14 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16278, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, 
April and May, 1912 (Busck). Also four males and five females with 
additional localities, Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck) and Trinidad River, 
May, 1911, and March, 1912 (Busck). 

GALASA SUBPALLIDALIS, new species. 

Dark purplish, the basal space darker; inner line obscure, showing 
a distinct white angle on vein 1; outer line dark, clouded, far out; a 
little whitish on the costa in the incisions. Hind wing pale whitish, 
dark only in the terminal line and hairs of inner margin; in female, 
fuscous shaded on outer half. Expanse, male 11 mm.; female 12 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16279, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). Also three males, one female with additional locality Porto 
Bello, March and May, 1911 (Busck). 

GALASA FERVIDALIS, new species. 

Fore wing brownish orange along costa to the middle, spreading 
downward in the center nearly to vein 1, shading into deep purple 
on inner half. Hind wing light fuscous, the veins and margin darker. 
Expanse, 18 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16280, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). Also another female, Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

GALASA LOPHOPALIS, new species. 

Purplish brown with a tint of luteous; lines narrow, obscure, 
whitish, dentate, accompanied by dark shadings, which give to 
median space a pale appearance; some white scales in the costal 
emargination; outer line excurved above; a row of terminal black 
dots. Hind wing subtranslucent fuscous, the veins darker. 
Expanse, 16 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16281, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
GALASA BELLICULALIS, new species. 

Fore wing vinous red, the median venules and vein 1 scaled with 
black, forming dots in the place of the outer line; a black dot in center 


- 


308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47. 


of cell; white scaling along costa and inner margin narrowly; a row 
of terminal black dots in a narrow pale line. Hind wing pale fuscous, 
darker outwardly, with fuscous marginal line. Expanse, 12 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16282, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 
1911 (Busck). 


_ GALASA LUTEALIS, new species. 


Luteous, dusted with gray, the dustings forming edgings, defining 
the lines as of the pale ground, the inner oblique, dentate, the outer. 
excurved above; the irrorations form vague dots before the outer 
line and sometimes a shade in the median space along inner margin; 
a row of terminal black dots; a dark discal dot in the cell. Hind 
wing pale fuscous in the male, darker in the female. Expanse, male, 
14 mm.; female, 16 mm. 

Ootypes.—Male and female, No. 16283, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, 
May, 1912, male (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911, female (Busck). 
Also three males and four females with additional locality, Porto 
Bello, March, 1911 (Busck), October, 1912 (G. F. Cleveland). 

GALASA STRENUALIS, new species.. 

Uniform purplish red, faintly orange tinted along costa; a terminal 
row of white points in the pale, narrow, terminal line. Hind wing 
fuscous, uniform. Expanse, 16 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16284, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, April, 1912 
(Busck). Also two females, Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

GALASA STYGIALIS, new species. 

Fore wing dark fuscous, the lines formed of white dots on the veins, 
rather sparsely placed; terminal pale line nearly obsolete. Hind wing 
subtranslucent fuscous, a dark dash on submedian below vein 2: 
Expanse, male, 14 mm.; female, 16 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16285, U.S.N.M.; Tabernilla, 
Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck). Also one male and one female with 
the same data. One of the males has veins 4-5 of fore wing coin- 
cident instead of long-stalked, but agrees entirely in coloration. 
GALASA RELATIVALIS, new species. 

Fore wing purplish luteous, dusted with gray, defining two rather 
broad lines of the pale ground color, the basal space uniformly dusted, 
appearing darker; a spot in the cell near inner line; a terminal row 
of dark dots. Hind wing fuscous, veins dark, fringes pale. Expanse, 
15 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16286, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

Allied to lutealis in markings and the anastomosis of veins 11 and 
12 of fore wing, which I notice only in these two species, but with one 
vein less in the hind wing. 

GALASA PALLIDALIS, new species. 

Straw-color, with a little purplish shading, the lines vague, of the 

pale ground, but without distinct defining shades; black dots on the 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 309 


veins, especially in cell and central costal lobe and before the bend in 
the outer line; a row of terminal black dots. Hind wing pale, washed 
with fuscous outwardly, especially in a streak along submedian fold 
and terminal dashes. Expanse, 15 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16287, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Buseck). Also one male, Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 

GALASA DUBITALIS, new species. 

Dark purple-brown, becoming blackish on inner margin; lines 
obsolete; scaling a little paler along the submedian fold; terminal 
pale line very narrow. Hind wing fuscous-black, uniform; a pale 
line in base of fringe. Expanse, 14 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16288, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

Very close to caustalis Hampson, but with dark hind wings. The 
female specimens I have referred to that species. 

GALASA CAUSTALIS Hampson. 

4. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 

GALASA DILIRIALIS, new species. 

Fore wing with the basal space purple-brown, median space pinkish, 
thickly irrorate with purple-brown, terminal space similar on tornus, 
orange at apex and purple-brown next to the outer line; lines whitish, 
the inner curved, the outer bent on median vein; a round black 
discal dot in center of cell; a row of terminal black dots; fringe 
purple-brown. Hind wing fuscous, with terminal black line, the 
fringe touched with purple. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16289, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

HYALOSTICTA OBLIQUALIS Hampson. 

5. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
July, 1912 (J. Zetek), August, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 


REPLICIA, new genus. 


Palpi porrect, downcurved, extending about twice the length of the 
head. Fore wing with veins 2 and 3 rather approximate, from long 
before the end of the cell, 4-5 connate, 6 from upper angle of cell, 7-9 
stalked, 7 arising before 9, 10 and 11 shortly stalked. Hind wing 
with 2 and 3 before the end of the cell, 4—5 stalked, 6 from upper 
angle of the cell, 7 anastomosing with 8. 

Type of the genus.—Replicia inchoalis, new species. 

REPLICIA INCHOALIS, new species. 

Fore wing with the costal lobe on basal third, followed by two small 
incisions; blackish, shading to purple-brown at apex; a whitish 
irregular marking at the end of the cell, touching the incision follow- 


310 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47, 


ing the costal lobe, where are some yellowish scales. Hind wing 
fuscous black. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16294, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
ACUTIA XANTIPPE, new species. 

Fore wing of normal shape, not sharply acute at apex; straw-yel- 
low, thickly irrorate with crimson-brown; costal edge and two lines 
of this color, the inner one straight and a little oblique, the outer 
slightly flexuous and divergent on inner margin; fringe dark. Hind 
wing immaculate straw-yellow. Expanse, 12-13 mm. 

Cotypes.—One male, two females, No. 16298, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck). 

ACUTIA AMBLYTALIS, new species. 

Fore wing purplish with slender dark lines defined by pale borders; 
inner line straight, oblique, outer indented subcostally and broadly 
on submedian; a terminal dark line. Hind wing blackish fuscous 
with a pale line at base of frmge. Expanse, 12-14 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, one female, No. 16299, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad 
River, September, 1912 (Busck). 

ULIOSOMA RHODOESIS, new species. 

Venation of U. discoloralis Walker except that vein 7 is stalked 
with 8-9. Abdominal tufts and those on tibiz ocherous. Fore wing 
yellowish, shaded with rosy; lines yellowish, straight, but a little 
indented, bordered with deep rosy toward the center of the wing; 
margin rosy shaded; a dark rosy terminal line. Hind wing pale, 
with rosy tint at apex and a rosy mesial line, most distinct costally. 
Expanse, 9 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16296, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). Also another male, Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 
CAPHYS TITANA Schaus. 

1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February 1911 (Busck). 

CAPHYS BILINEA Walker. 

25. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, March and June, 1912, 
May, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal 
Zone, April, 1911 (Busck), November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts); Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck). 

CAPHYS EUSTELECHALIS, new species. 

Fore wing with vem 3 stalked with 4-5; 6 stalked with 7-10. 
Rosy; fore wing urorated with fuscous evenly and with two dark 
lines, rather near together, parallel above, diverging roundedly above 
inner margin. Hind wing rosy, darker outwardly, a gray shade on 
the margin. Beneath sordid rosy, hind wing pale on inner margin; 
a double dark outer line on costal segment. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16300, U.S.N.M.; Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 311 


CAPHYS SUBSORDIDALIS, new species. 

Fore wing with vein 11 shortly anastomosing with 12; hind wing 
with the lower angle of the cell long drawn out, 4-5 stalked from its 
end. Fore wing dull purple-brown, thickly and finely irrorate over 
straw-color; lines straw-color, rather broad, the inner straight, the 
outer bent a little above the middle. Hind wing whitish, dusted 
with purplish fuscous, especially along the costa and apex. Expanse 
22 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16301, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, February, 
1912 (Busck). 

ACROPTERYX HERBACEALIS Ragonot. 

3. Porto Bello, February, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 

(Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 


OCOBA, new genus. 


Palpi downcurved, reaching four times the length of the head, 
smooth, with short rough hairs at the base above. Fore wing with 
vein 2 beyond the middle of the cell, 3 before the angle, 4 and 5 sepa- 
rate, 6 from the upper angle, 7-9 stalked, 8 absent, 10 and 11 from the 
cell, 11 anastomosing with 12. Hind wing with 2 to 6 as on fore 
wing, 7 anastomosing witlr8. 

Type of the genus.—Ocoba melanophila, new species. 

OCOBA MELANOPHILA, new species. 

Fore wing black, shining, with purple reflection, the apex bent 
down. Hind wing duller, fuscous along the costa. Expanse, 18 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16304, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
Also one female, Porto Bello, October, 1912 (G. F. Cleveland). 

Greatly resembles Nachaba nyctalis Hampson, but in that species 
veins 4-5 are stalked and the palpi of the female are not over half as 
long. 

STREPTOPALPIA DEERA Druce. 

28. Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1912 (Busck), July, 1912 (C. P. 
Crafts); Trinidad River, March and June, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, April and May, 1912 (Busck), 
September, 1912 (G. F. Cleveland); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
NAVURA LOBATA Schaus. 

1. Trinidad River, May, 1911 (Busck). 

BONCHIS MUNITALIS Lederer. 

10. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 
1912 (Busck); Chiriquicito, April, 1907 (W. Schaus); Tabernilla, 
Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, 
Canal Zone, March and May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 
1912 (Busck). 

BONCHIS GLANYSIS, new species. 

Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked. Fore wing purplish brown, 

with two approximate, slender, white lines, the inner nearly straight, 


312 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47, 


the outer inflexed a little subbasally, both a little stronger on the 
costa; a terminal row of black dots. Hind wing dark fuscous. 
Expanse 11 mm. 

Type——Female, No. 16302, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, April, 1912 
(Busck). 

PELASGIS GEROMALIS, new species. 

Fore wing with vein 10 shortly stalked with 7-9; hind wing with 
4—5 stalked. Fore wing dull ocher (faded from olive green?), the 
inner line at the middle of the wing, the outer at the outer fourth, the 
space between them pinkish gray, powdered with black outwardly; 
lines whitish, the inner across an obscure pale spot in the cell, angled 
on median vein and edged with blackish there; outer line gently 
curved, covered by black powderings except at costa and margin. 
Hind wing fuscous shaded, the veins and discal dot darker. Expanse 
13 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16303, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
MURGISCA DIPLOMMATALIS, new species. 

Dark olive; a large white spot in the cell, joining another below, 
larger, reaching to vein 1; lines slender, white; inner line crinkled on 
costa, running into the spots, appearing below to join the outer line 
on the margin; outer line evenly curved, p&rallel to the margin, form- 
ing a dash on costa. Hind wing fuscous, becoming black on the mar- 
gin; a small dark discal dot. Expanse, 18-20 mm. 

Cotypes.—Three females, No. 16307, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, June, 
1912 (Busck) ; La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck.) 

SENNIA AURITALIS Hiibner. 

14. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, June 
(Busck), and August, 1912 (C, P. Crafts). 

SENNIA SUBAURITALIS Ragonot. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
CYCLOPALPIA MONOTONALIS, new species. 

Fore wing pale yellowish with purple irrorations, that segregate 
and define rather broad lines of the ground color; inner line near base 
and slightly oblique; outer line straight and far from the margin; a 
round dot at the end of the cell. Hind wing pale stramineous. 
Expanse, 14 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16310, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, February, 1912 
(Busck). 

: PASSELGIS, new genus. 


Palpi porrect, downcurved, three times as long as the head, rostri- 
form, the third joint with long appressed hairs. Fore wing with 
veins 4-5 stalked, 7-10 stalked, 11 from the cell, anastomosing with 
12. Hind wing with vein 2 from the cell, 3 from the end of the long 
lower angle, 4—5 stalked, 6 from apex of cell, 7 anastomosing with 8. 

Type of the genus.—Passelgis xanthothricalis, new genus. 


= 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 313 


PASSELGIS XANTHOTHRICALIS, new species. 

Rufous, a deeper, more crimson tint at apex and purplish along 
the inner margin; discal dot round, slaty black; lines faint, purple, 
remote and far from margin, evenly curved, subparallel to the outer 
margin and rather more strongly curved than it. Hind wing straw- 
whitish, purple-shaded along the margin and costa. Expanse, 29 
mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16308, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

CONOTAMBE, new genus. 


Palpi porrect, reaching to the end of the large, angular, pointed 
frontal cone. Fore wing with veins 4-5 stalked, 6 from the end of 
the cell, 7-10 stalked, 11 from the cell, free. Hind wing with 2 and 8 
present, 4-5 stalked, 8 from end of the cell, 7 anastomosing with 8. 
Legs with the tibie and tarsi, especially the hind pair, greatly 
thickened and flattened. 

Type of the genus.—Conotambe paralysisalis, new species. 
CONOTAMBE PARALYSISALIS, new species. 

Fore wing dark purple-red, the lines darker, very faint and clouded, 
hardly legible: outer line remote from the margin, curved. Hind 
wing shaded with black, except a patch between veins 2-5, which is 
purple-red, crossed by a mesial faint dark dentate line. Expanse, 
34 mm. 

Type-—Female, No. 16309, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 


Subfamily SCHOHNOBIIN 2D. 
SIGA PYRONIA Druce. 

1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, May, 1911 (Busck). 
CACOGRAPHIS OSTEOLALIS Lederer. 

15. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); 
Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July (J. 
Zetek), August and November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

MIDILA CARNEIA Druce. 

3. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

DISMIDILA, new genus. 


Proboscis absent: labial palpi ascending, the second joint hairy 
below, the third thickened with short hairs, blunt. Fore wing with 
veins 8-9 stalked, the rest from the cell. Both wings with a projec- 
tion on outer margin at vein 3. 

Type of the genus.—Dismidila atoca, new species. 

DISMIDILA ATOCA, new species. 

Lilacine gray; fore wing with two slender darker irregular lines, 
subparallel to the outer margin; costa white centrally, cut by both 
lines; a white semihyaline constricted patch in the end of the cell 


314 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47, 


and a small one below the reniform, which is brown-ringed and yellow- 
centered; a black clouded patch follows; fringe pale, spotted with 
dark. Hind wing with two slender outer lines, crenulate, close to- 
gether and near the margin; a small round discal dot. Expanse, 
24 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16313, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

Allied to Midila halia Druce from Colombia, which has the same 
venation as the present species. 

HOSITEA BICINCTA Schaus, 

1. Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 
RUPELA ALBINELLA Cramer. 

24. Porto Bello, May, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); 
La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck); 
Corozal, Canal Zone, August, 1913 (C. P. Crafts). 

PATISSA PARVIPUNCTALIS Schaus. 

10. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 
(Busck), and November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

PATISSA ONIROPHANTA, new species. 

Whites costa dark brown to near the middle, with three teeth, the 
outer giving rise to the inner line; lines pale brown; the inner broad, 
straight, the outer also broad, gently waved; some pale brown irrora- 
tions in terminal space and a large discal spot confluent with the up- 
right outer band from costa to beyond tornus; a submarginal half- 
band from costa to middle of outer margin. Expanse, 9 mm. 

Type—Male, No. 16312, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, April, 1912 
(Busck). Also 2 males, 5 females with localities, Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, August and November, 1912 (C. P 
Crafts). 

CRYPTOSES CHOLGEPI Dyar. 

33. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, March, 
1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
March, 1911, May, 1912 (Busck), and September, 1912 (G. F. Cleve- 
land); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); 
Corozal, Canal Zone, May, 1912 (Busck). 


CHALCOELOPSIS, new genus. 


Palpi porrect, very short, hardly exceeding the front. Fore wing 
with veins 4—5 stalked, 7-10 stalked; hind wing with 4-5 stalked, a 
long cross-vein without veins, 6 from apex of cell, 7 anastomosing 
with 8. Male antenne lengthily bipectinated, of female, serrate; 
spurs of hind tibiz moderate, equal. 

Type of the genus.—Chalcoélopsis pigrissima, new species. 
CHALCOELOPSIS PIGRISSIMA, new species. 

Fore wing dark brown, coarsely irrorate with black; an oblique 
blackish, slightly bronzy, band arises from middle of inner margin to 


1 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. =5 41 MS 


cell; outer line double; its inner segment heavy, oblique from costa to 
vein 6 near margin, roundedly incurved to vein 2, inclosing an orange 
stain, oblique again below, slightly paler filled. Hind wing with a 
marginal row of metallic blue and violet spots in a black band, pre- 
ceded by a little yellowish, the irrorations forming lines. Expanse, 
male, 14 mm.; female, 17 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16311, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, 
June, 1912 (Busck). Also 46 others, all females, with additional 
localities, La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 
(Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, August, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

This would seem to be a Chalcoéla or Cataclysta with aborted mouth 
parts. Specimens from the Guianas have been labeled by Mr. Schaus 
“Cataclysta perlalis Led.; trilinealis Walk.” But I have been unable 
to trace these names. The species can not be a Cataclysta on account 
of the absence of the tongue. 

MACROTHECA P@CILOSTIGMA, new species. 

Fore wing sordid luteous, powdered with dull crimson, which forms 
a streak on the costa at base and a large patch about tornus, rising 
nearly to the cell; a round black discal dot, large or minute. Hind 
wing pale fuscous. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, No. 16314, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 
1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


Subfamily CRAMBIN 4“. 
CRAMBUS FISSIRADIELLUS Walker. 

206. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 
(Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 
1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
May (Busck), July (J. Zetek), August and November, 1912 (C. P. 
Crafts); Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 

CRAMBUS TENUISTRIGATUS Zeller. 

3. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Arajan, March, 1911 
(Buseck). 

CRAMBUS MERETRICELLA Schaus. 

4, Trinidad River, May, 1911, March and September, 1912 (Busck); 
La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 

CRAMBUS TACTELLUS, new species. 

Near Zeller’s figure of immuniellus Zeller,! but the outer line is bent 
sharply at costa so that the triangular dark patch rests directly above 
the general course of the line and not beyond it; terminal line slender, 
not so heavy; wing pale lilacine gray, about evenly powdered; median 
powdery dark line curving around end of cell, oblique below, nearly 
complete. Hind wing soiled whitish in the male, fuscous in the 
female. Expanse, 11-12 mm. 


1 Stett. Ent. Zelt., vol. 33, 1872, pl. 2, fig. 6. 


316 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47% 


Cotypes.—Three males, two females, No. 16325, U.S.N.M.; La 
Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Paraiso, 
Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck). 

CRAMBUS RETUSELLUS Schaus. 

6. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, September, 1912 
(Busck). 

Near Zeller’s figure of expansellus Zeller, but without the black 
moniliform line shown in that figure between the double outer line 
and termen. The specimens do not agree absolutely with Schaus’s 
type of retusellus, but are so close that I do not like to separate them. 
Hind wing of male soiled whitish, of female, dark fuscous. 

CRAMBUS AGNESIELLA, new species. 

Silvery white; fore wing with extra-median fulvous line, bent at 
right angles above the middle; a subcostal fulvous dash from base to 
this line; outer line double, approaching outer margin below and end- 
ing near tornus, curved above; termen stained with fulvous; a ter- 
minal black line, forming spots in the interspaces from submedian to 
vein 4. Tind wing pale gray. Expanse, 9 mm. 

Type.—No. 16327, U.S.N.M.: Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
CRAMBUS INTANGENS, new species. 

White, with faint violaceous tint, coarsely irrorated with brown; 
a brown line along costa to beyond middle; median line oblique te 
cell, recurved next to costa, powdery, brown, with an inner duplica- 
tion below cell; outer line double, its inner segment powdery and 
irregular, curving a little at costa, where the outer segment is slightly 
expanded; terminal line a trace only; fringe metallic gray. Hind 
wing faintly straw-color tinted, without markings, concolorous in the 
two sexes. [Expanse, 9-11 mm. 

Cotypes.—Three males, two females, No. 16326, U.S.N.M.; Porto 
Bello, March and April, 1911, and April, 1912 (Busck). 

A specimen of this species from Costa Rica, in poor condition, is 
labeled C. expansellus Zeller by Mr. Schaus, but I do not think it 
can be that species. 

CULLADIA EUCOSMELLA, new species. 

Palpi white, a little touched with sordid ocher; front and vertex 
black-brown. Fore wing silvery white; a black-brown patch at base; 
a broad band before the middle and broad submarginal band, sending 
out a projection to the margin above the middle; a dark terminal 
line; fringe dark. Hind wing blackish, the fringe pale. Expanse, 
12 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16328, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, September, 
1912 (Busck). Also six others with additional localities; Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal 
Zone, August, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 


1 Hor. Ent. Soc. Ross., vol. 13, 1877, pl. 1, fig. 18. 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. SLT 
PrOchOcIOUAINCANELDUS ALO a 

10. Tabogilla Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone 
April and May, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La 
Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, May, 1911 and June, 
1912 (Busck); Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 

PTOCHOSTOLA PYGMAEUS Zeller. 

129. Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, May, and June, 1911 (Busck); 
Corozal, Canal Zone, March and May, 1911, May, 1912 (Busck) and 
July, 1912 (J. Zetek); Trinidad River, March, 1912, May, 1911 and 
June, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
February, March, April, and May, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Taboga Island, June, 1911 
(Busck). 

ARGYRIA NIVALIS Druty. 

6. Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck) and August, 1912 
(C. P. Crafts); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

The fringe is entirely dark leaden, not white-tipped as in the north- 
ern form. It may be named fimbrialis, new subspecies. 

Type.—No. 16321, U.S.N.M. 

ARGYRIA TENELLA Zeller. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
ARGYRIA OPPOSITA Zeller. 

19. Porto Bello, April and May, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, May (Busck), July (WJ. Zetek) and 
November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). 
ARGYRIA PUSILLALIS Hiibner. 

26. Porto Bello, February and March, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad 
River, March, 1912 (Busck); Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 
(Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911 (Busck), July, August, 
and November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

All the specimens have the median band continuous across the 
wing. The varietal name multifacta is proposed. 

Type.—No. 16316, U.S.N.M. (Porto Bello, February, 1911). 
ARGYRIA MOLYBDOPLECTA, new species. 

Dark gray, the inner area of fore wing broadly shaded with dull 
yellow nearly up to median vein. Hind wing whitish, shading to 
fuscous at margin. In the males the wing is more blunt at apex 
than in the females, the markings more distinct and contrasted. 
Lines slender, black, edged with white very narrowly; inner line 
crenulate, with inward angle at vein 1; outer line with a sinus below 
vein 2 which joins the large reniform, making it part of the sinus; a 
row of terminal dark dots. In the female the lines are slender and 
pulverulent, the sinus of outer line appears occluded. Expanse, 14-24 
mm, 


318 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. YOL. 47. 


Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16315, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal 
Zone, July and November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). Also 52 others with 
additional data, Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
April and May, 1911 (Busck),and July, 1912 (J. Zetek); Porto Bello, 
February, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, May, 1911 (Busck). 
ARGYRIA ARGYRODIS, new species. 

Markings as in A. croceiitella Walker, but without any yellow 
along the inner margin of fore wing; silvery white; vertex of head 
and dorsal stripe on thorax golden yellow; fore wing with erect 
median band, costal stripe and subapical patch, with oblique spur 
yellow, stained with brown; termen and fringe of same color. Ex- 
panse, 14 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16317, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). Also six others from the same place. 

ARGYRIA CENTRIFUGENS, new species. 

White; front white, vertex dark ocher; fore wing silvery white; a 
dark brown spot on costa and one on inner margin joined by a slender 
line; costal triangle divided by a white line; a dark terminal line, the 
fringe leaden brown. Hind wing white. Expanse, 14 mm. 

Type.—No. 16318, U.S.N.M.; Paraiso, Canal Zone, February, 1911 
(Busck). Also two others, Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

ARGYRIA XANTHOGUMA, new species. _ 

Palpi white-tipped; front white; fore wing with median line slender, 
forming costal and marginal dots; costal triangle cut by a white line; 
terminal line narrow, the fringe dark leaden. Had wing pale yellow 
tinted. Expanse, 14 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16319, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). Also three others from the same place. 


UBIDA THYONELLA Schaus. 
Platytes thy nella ScHaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 11, 1913, p. 239. 


1. Chiriqui, May, 1907 (W. Schaus). 

The specimen is smaller than the type and in better condition. I 
think it is conspecific. 

UBIDA CRETACEIPARS, new species. 

Chalky white, the margin dull ocher; veins lined with dark brown, 
an oblique line from near middle of inner margin curving around 
cell to costa, with a broad shade from its loop to apex, cut by black 
veins; discal dot round, black; a terminal row of black dots. Hind 
wing white, unmarked. Expanse, 15 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16329, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). Also another female from the same place. 

UBIDA MONODISA, new species. 

Chalky white, the veins narrowly dark brown, the interspaces 
largely filled with dull ocher rays, broadest in the cell and in a broad 
shade beyond; a white ray dividing the cell to the round black discal 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 319 


dot; costa on outer half with three faint oblique shades; terminal 
dots black, small. Hind wing white, veins and apex a little touched 
with sordid. Expanse, 23 mm. 

Type.—No. 16330, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
Also another female from the same place. 

UBIDA NEOGYNZECELLA, new species. 

Ground color white, veins and interspaces lined with creamy 
brown, a double border around cell, the discal ray double; an oblique 
costal line before apex bounds a narrow white subterminal line, at 
which all the linings end; termen creamy brown with a row of black 
terminal dots with white specks before them; fringe with brown 
interline. Hind wing whitish, becoming sordid outwardly and 
toward costa, defining a white subterminal line, beyond which are 
traces of black terminal dots in the gray termen, repeating imper- 
fectly the marking of fore wing. Expanse, male, 18 mm.; female, 
21 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16331, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, 
April and May, 1912 (Busck). Also five males, two females, with 
additional localities, Trinidad River, September, 1912 (Busck); 
Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck). 

The tongue is present, but very weak, so I place the species in 
Ubida rather than in Platytes (Argyria). Male antenne simple, 
flattened; female frenulum a single strong spine as in the male, 
DIATRHA SACCHARALIS Fabricius, form TABERNELLA Dyar. 

69. Trinidad River, March and June, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, 
April, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck), Porto Bello, 
May, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, June (Busck); July and 
August, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

DIATREA LINEOLATA Walker. 

33. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, May, 1911 (Busck); 
La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck) ; 
Corozal, Canal Zone, June, 1912 (Busck), July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 
DIATRZA GAGA, new species. 
| Fore wing straw-color, the veins lined in blackish, interlines brown; 
discal dot black, round, prominent; two outer lines subparallel, 
oblique, rounded off above; terminal dots compressed, subconfluent. 
Hind wing white. Expanse, 15-17 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16323, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal 
Zone, June, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). Also 11 others with additional data, 
a 1911 (Busck), ung 1912 (J. Zetek), and August, 1912 (C.P. 
Crafts). 

DIATRZA SOLIPSA, new species. 

Wings narrower and more pointed at the apex than in gaga; mark- 
ings similar, the vein-lines and interlines indistinct; discal dot small. 
Expanse, 12-15 mm. 


320 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47, 


Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16324, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, 
February, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, May, 1911(Busck). Also 
seven others, Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911, May and June, 1912 
(Busck), November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 

Very much like gaga, but whereas gaga looks like a minute lineolata, 
the present species resembles a minute saccharalis. 

IESTA CANCELLALIS, new species. : 

Pale straw color, the two lines fait, powdery, approximate, 
slightly oblique; discal dot round, prominent; terminal dots dis- 
tinct; a brown shade on costa at base and a patch at apex. Hind 
wing nearly white, unmarked. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16322, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, May, 
1911 (Busck). Also 13 others with the same data except one, July, 
1912 (J. Zetek); Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck). 
DORATOPERAS ATROSPARSELLUS Walker. 

5. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck). 
ERUPA INCOLORALIS, new species. 

Fore wing pale lilacine straw-color with a few dark specks that form 
indistinctly a subterminal line. Hind wing pale straw-color. Ex- 
panse, 43 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16320, U.S:N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

Allied to E. evanidella Schaus. 


Subfamily SCOPARIIN &. 
SCOPARIA PUSILLA, new species. 

Fore wing light gray powdered with black; inner line very oblique, 
straight, pale within, dark-powdered without; discal mark an agglom- 
eration of dark scales in two opposed cusps; outer line with central 
outcurve, whitish, dark-powdered within; a row of terminal black 
dots. Hind wing sordid milky whitish, Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16334, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
Also 11 males and 62 females that I take to be the same species (all in 
poor condition) with additional localities, Alhajuelo, April, 1911 
(Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck); Tabernilla, Canal 
Zone, May, 1907 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck), 
August, 1912 (C. P. Crafts); Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 
(Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, March, 1911, 
and February, 1912 (Busck); Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 


Subfamily PYRALIN At. 
PYRALIS MANIHOTALIS Guenrée. 
1. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck). 
TEGULIFERA RESECTALIS Lederer. 
30. Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 
(Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck), August and 


a 


ey 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. Siied b 


November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts); Taboga Island, February, 1912, and 
June, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, September, 1912 (Busck); Chiri- 
quicito (W. Schaus). 

Varies in color and distinctness of markings. I make Pyralis nigra- 
puncta Kaye to be the same species. Mr. Schaus separated Costa 
Rican specimens under the two names. His nigrapuncia consisted of 
two males, small and brightly marked as usual. His resectalis, a male 
and a female; the male, I take to be a species of Herculia; the female 
is large and dark, but fits well with the males marked nigrapuncta. 
The Costa Rican series runs strongly marked. The Panama one runs 
about like a series from Venezuela before me, that is rather con- 
trastingly marked, more so than the Guiana series. 


Subfamily ENDOTRICHIIN 4%. 
TABOGA, new genus. 


Fore wing with veins 2 and 3 from before the angle of the cell, 4, 5 
separate, 6 below the upper angle, 7-9 stalked, 8 and 9 coincident, 10 
and 11 on the cell. Hind wing with vein 2 long before the angle of 
the cell, 3 before the angle, 4-5 stalked, 6 stalked with 7-8 which 
anastomose strongly. Labial palpi upturned nearly to vertex, 
smooth, terete; maxillary palpi very distinct, similar to the labial ones 
in shape and color, only smaller. 

Type of the genus.— Taboga vnis, new species. 

TABOGA INIS, new species. 

Fore wing dark gray, blackish powdered; lines whitish, the inner 
bent on submedian, else straight and followed by a little denser 
powdering; median line shown only below the cell, bent at right 
angles on submedian and vein 1; discal spot black, placed far out at 
the outer fourth of the wing on account of the very long cell; outer 
line far out, strongly and shortly excurved over end of cell; terminal 
line black, minutely broken. Hind wing impure whitish, the termen 
fuscous narrowly. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16363, U.'S.N.M.; Taboga Island, February, 1912 
(Busck). Also eight others, six from the same place and date, one 
Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck), and one, La Chorrera, April, 1912 
(Busck). 

Subfamily EHPIPASCHIIN 4%. 
ARNATULA CIRCUMLUCENS, new species. 

Base of fore wing olive gray; a quadrate patch of the same color on 
the costa surrounded by white, which extends narrowly to the inner 
margin at the place of the inner line; wing olive gray beyond, shading 
to violacious toward tornus, lighter on the middle of the outer margin, 
where a series of black dashes are revealed. Hind wing fuscous with 

34843 °—Proc,N.M.vol.47—14——21 


soe PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


dark veins and a light line in the base of the fringe. Expanse, male, 
13 mm.; female, 15 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16335, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, 
October, 1912 (G. F. Cleveland). Also four females from the same 
place with additional data, April and May (Busck) and December, 
1912 (G. F. Cleveland). 

Two males and two females are before me from French Guiana 
(W. Schaus). 

ARNATULA COLORATA, new species. 

Gray, stained with luteous before the inner and beyond the outer 
lines; basal space dark gray without bordering line; a black dot in 
cell; inner line at middle of wing, dark gray, bent outward below 
median vein; outer line similar, excurved above middle and slightly 
denticulate; a whitish mark on costa beyond it, forming a faint border 
below; terminal dots black. Hind wing soiled whitish, fuscous at 
apex. Expanse, 16 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16336, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

ARNATULA SUBFLAVIDA, new species. 

Fore wing olive gray; a white ray through the middle from base, 
nearly touching the outer line; a similar white line on the inner 
margin; outer line curved, white, parallel to and near the outer 
margin; a darker spot at end of cell and at base of inner margin. 
Hind wing orange-yellow with narrow gray border. Expanse, 17 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16337, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). Also one male, Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

TIOGA FOVEALIS Hampson. 

1. Corozal, Canal Zone, June, 1912 (Busck). 
TIOGA TERSILLA, new species. 

Small; grayish white; fore wing with black at the base; inner line 
white, curved to vein 1, then straight, with black shades on both 
sides; median space with a brown shade and black irrorations out- 
wardly; outer line white, denticulate, outbent in a blunt point a 
little above the middle, edged within by a black dotted line; terminal 
space clouded with brownish below, with black at apex; a terminal 
row of black dots. Hind wing whitish, with fuscous veins and mar- 
gin. Expanse, 10 mm. 


Type.—Male, No. 16342, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


POCOCERA ATRAMENTALIS Lederer. 

25. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January and February, 1911 (Busck); 
Porto Bello, February and March, 1911, April and May, 1912 (Busck) ; 
La Chorrera, April and May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
April and May, 1912 (Busck). 

POCOCERA BASIGERA, new species. 

Fore wing with the basal space broad, black; inner line pale, 

straight, upright bounded outwardly by a fine dark line; rest of the 


a oe en 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 53 id} 


wing sordid yellowish, clouded with brownish over tornus and black 
at apex; outer line vague, pale, denticulate, exserted above middle; 
terminal dots nearly confluent. Hind wing fuscous-black, pale at 
base. Fringes pale on both wings. Expanse, 16 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16338, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

POCOCERA ADOLESCENS, new species. 

Fore wing greenish gray, the costa dark centrally; a blackish tri- 
angular mark at base of inner margin, origin of vein 2 and round are 
-in cell; inner line oblique, of the pale ground, slightly irregular; 
outer line whitish, dentate, excurved above, relieved in the dark 
outer ground, which shades to violaceous gray at apex. Hind wing 
dark fuscous. Palpi of male very long, recurved over the thorax, 
concealing a hair-pencil; no process on antenna. 

Cotypes—Male and female, No. 16339, ee Porto Bello, 
May, 1912 (Busck). 

POCOCERA CAPNODON, new species. 

Dark gray, wrorate, the lines of lighter ground color; fore wing 
blackish at base on inner margin; outer line bent outward on sub- 
median, broad, edged by dark narrow lines, not waved; a luteous 
gray patch bounded by vein 2, segment of the obsolete median line, 
outer line and inner margin; discal venules dark-lined in the male; 
outer line pale, slightly excurved in the upper portion, edged by 
dotted denticulate dark lines; terminal space shaded with blackish; 
terminal black line of nearly joined dots. Hind wing dark fuscous, 
lighter between the veins in the male. Expanse, 14 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, one female, No. 16340, U.S.N.M.; Porto 
Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 
POCOCERA SPHAZ;ROPHORA, new species. 

Wings long and narrow; fore wing fuscous shaded over luteous, 
which appears mesially; base dark to the inner line, which is black, 
of three arcs, each inclosing a black tufted spot, of which the center 
one is large; a black waved shade beyond the middle; outer line 
close to the margin, black within, pale without, denticulate, oblique 
above; terminal space dark. Hind wing blackish fuscous, subtrans- 
lucent between the veins. Expanse, 26 mm. 

Type—Female, No. 16341, U.S.N.M.; Tabernilla, Canal Zone, 
‘May, 1907 (Busck). 

MACALLA THYRSISALIS Walker. 

2. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck). 
MACALLA NIVEORUFA Hampson. 

5. Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, June 
and September, 1912 (Busck). 

LEPIDOGMA VIOLESCENS, new species. 

Violaceous gray with sparse black irrorations; a black mark at 

base of inner margin; inner line near the middle of the wing, slightly 


324 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


curved, pale with dark inner edge; outer line distinct, narrow, white 
with black powdering on the inner edge, broadly excurved above; 
a black curved shade at apex. Hind wing fuscous, blackish out- 
wardly; a paler line in base of fringe. Expanse, 16 mm. 
Type-—Female, No. 16343, U.S.N.M.; Tabernilla, Canal Zone, 
May, 1907 (Busck). 
STERICTA SCOPIPES Felder. 
2. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck). 
JOCARA SUBCURVALIS Schaus. 


1. Porto Bello, May, 1912 (Busck). 


CHLOROPASCHIA CANITIES Schaus. 
1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 


GENOPASCHIA, new genus. 


Palpi porrect, short, downcurved and hairy below in the male, 
exceeding the front, twice as long as the head, smooth, the second 
joint somewhat thickened with scales above. Fore wing with veins 
2, 3 before the end of the cell, 4—5 stalked, 6 from apex to cell, 7-10 
stalked, 11 on the cell. Hind wing with vein 2 long before the end 
of the cell, 3 shortly stalked with 4-5 (3 from the end of the cell in 
the female), 6 from the apex of the cell, 7 anastomosing with 8. 

Type of the genus.—Genopaschia protomis, new species. 
GENOPASCHIA PROTOMIS, new species. 

Fore wing gray, shaded with blackish; inner line white, straight; 
inwardly oblique, followed by a round black dot in the end of the cell; 
outer line white, near the margin, excurved above the middle; outer 
half of median space and terminal space darkly shaded. Hind wing 
soiled whitish in the male, fuscous in the female. Expanse, male, 
11 mm.; female, 14 mm. 

Cotypes—Male and female, No. 16348, U.S.N.M.; male, Porto 
Bello, February, 1912 (Busck); female, Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

POCOPASCHIA, new genus. 


Palpi short, in the male upturned to the middle of the front, the 
third joint clawlike, in the female porrect, shortly exceeding the 
front. Fore wing with vein 2 near the middle of the cell, 3 before 
the end, 4-5 shortly stalked, 6 from the apex of the cell, 7-10 stalked, 
11 on the cell. Hind wing with 2, 3 from the cell, 4-5 long-stalked, 
6 from the apex of cell, 7 anastomosing with 8. 

Type of the genus.—Jocara noctuina Schaus.! 


a. Fore wing with vein 7 arising beyond vein 9. 
b1. Hind wing with vein 3 from end of cell. 


1Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 9, 1912, p. 662, 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 325 


POCOPASCHIA NOCTUINA Schaus. 

8. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, March and June, 
1912 (Busck). 

b?. Hind wing with vein 3 stalked with 4 and 5. 
POCOPASCHIA BELLANGULA, new species. 

Fore wing purple-brown, shading to gray cn outer fourth; base 
deep purple-brown, bounded by a white line that runs obliquely from 
costa to vein 1 and is there bent at right angles; median space reddish 
purple, shading outward to gray; outer line very near the margin, 
white, denticulate, retreating at apex, which is blackish purple. 
Hind wing blackish fuscous. Expanse, 17 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16344, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

a®?. Fore wing with vein 7 arising before vein 9. 
POCOPASCHIA ACCELERANS, new species. 

Fore wing densely black-irrorate over pale ocher tinted ground; 
basal area velvety black, bounded by a narrow curved whitish inner 
line; a small rounded discal dot; outer line pale, incurved at sub-’ 
costa and submedian, outcurved close to margin between; a round 
black patch in the incurve below apex; a terminal broken black line. 
Hind wing ocher tinted, with narrow terminal fuscous shade-line. 
Expanse, 24—26 mm. 

Ootypes—Two males, No. 16345, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, 
March, 1912. 

STENOPASCHIA, new genus. 


Palpi porrect, short, curved in the male, exceeding the front, twice 
as long as the head in the female and hairy below. Maxillary palpi 
with a triangular tuft of scales. Fore wing with veins 2 and 3 from 
the cell, 4 and 5 separate, 6 below apex of cell, 7—9 stalked, 8 absent, 
10 and 11 on the cell, free. Hind wing with vein 2 from the cell, 3 
and 5 separate, 4 absent, 6 from apex of cell, 7 anastomosing with 8. 

Type of the genus.—Stenopaschia trichopteris, new species. 


STENOPASCHIA TRICHOPTERIS, new species. 

Fore wing olive green (faded to ocher);a black band along the basal 
half of the costa, joining a tufted black spot in the cell; a patch below 
in submedian space, further out in the male than in the female; a 
small dot at the end of the cell; outer line of black scales, excurved 
above, more or less broken and containing a few silvery scales. 
Hind wing fuscous, dark in the female, lighter between the veins in 
the male. Expanse, male, 15 mm.; female, 19 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and two females, No. 16346, U.S.N.M.; Taboga 
Island, June, 1911, male (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912, females 
(Busck). 


326 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47, 


GLOSSOPASCHIA, new genus. 


Labial palpi smooth, upturned, the second joint reaching vertex, 
the third slender, long. Maxillary palpi small, scaly. Tongue pro- 
jecting about twice the length of the head, downcurved, completely 
scaled, the scales forming a long fringe beneath. Fore wing with 
vein 2 from the cell, 3 from the end, 4-5 stalked, 6 from the apex of 
cell, 7-9 stalked, 10 and 11 on the cell, free. Hind wing with vein 
2 from the cell, 3 and 5 from its end, 4 absent, 6 from the apex of 
cell, 7 anastomosing with 8. 

Type of the genus.—Glossopaschia czenoses, new species. 
GLOSSOPASCHIA CAENOSES, new species. 

Fore wing narrow, light gray with scattered black irrorations; a 
black tufted spot below the middle of the cell; a little dot at end; 
outer line near the margin, dotted, black, slightly outcurved; termen 
dark-shaded; terminal dots black. Hind wing soiled white with 
fuscous veins and margin. Expanse, 15-19 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two females, No. 16347, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 


Subfamily PHYCITIN 2. 
MYELOIS TRANSITELLA Walker. 

24, Trinidad River, March and June, 1912 (Busck); Alajuelo, 
April, 1911 (Busck); Panama City, April, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 
1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, April. 
(Busck) and December, 1912 (G. F. Cleveland). 

The larva feeds in the dry cacao pods. None of the specimens 
agree with Ragonot’s definition in having vein 8 of hind wing free. 
Guiana specimens are the same, and of three before me from Grenada, 
British West Indies, only one agrees with Ragonot’s character, the 
two having veins 7 and 8 anastomosing nearly to apex. J have no 
specimens from Haiti, the type locality, but believe the character 
to be valueless, as the specimens all agree otherwise. 

MYELOIS DECOLOR Zeller. 

2. Porto Bello, April (Busck) and December, 1912 (G. F. Cleve- 
land). : 
MYELOIS POMBRA, new species. 

Pale gray, the veins and discal cross-vein lined in pale fuscous; 
lines whitish, rather broad but not contrasted, the inner one far out 
and straight across the wing, the outer one bent on the stalk of veins 
4-5; no terminal dots; fringe pale. Hind wing translucent pale gray, 
paler at base. Expanse, 17 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16365, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
MYELOIS EUZOPHERELLA, new species. 

Fore wing with veins 4-5 stalked, 10 stalked; hind wing with 3-5 
stalked; gray, a little mixed with reddish; lines distinct, pale, with 


wo. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 327 


dark edges, far out, parallel and nearly straight; a circle of black 
blotches about the discal spot; veins with broken black streaks, ter- 
minal dots present, small. Hind wing subtranslucent, pale fuscous, 
the veins, costa, and margin darker. Expanse, male, 18 mm.; 
female, 22 mm. ; 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16367, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 
1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 1912 (Busck). Also nine others 
with additional localities, Corozal, Canal Zone, May, 1912 (Busck); 
Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck). 


FUNDELLA PELLUCENS Zeller.. 
2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


DIFUNDELLA, new genus. 


Fore wing with veins 2-3 curved, parallel, rather near the end of 
the cell, 4-5 approximate at base, 6 below apex of cell, curved at 
base, 8-9 stalked, 10 and 11 on the ceil. Hind wing with 2 rather 
near the end of the cell, 3 approximated, to the stalk of 4-5, which is 
very long, 6 from the apex of the cell, 7 anastomosing with 8. Labial 
palpi upturned to vertex; smooth; maxillary palpi stout-filiform. 
Male antenne simple, not curved at base, not ciliate. 

Type of the genus.—Difundella corynophora, new species. 
DIFUNDELLA CORYNOPHORA, new species. 

Fore wing dull black in the basal space and upper half of median 
space, with short black rays on the discal venules; rest of wing brown 
with red irrorations; inner line oblique, straight, red-centered; discal 
mark reniform, reddish, pale; outer line red-centered, irregular and a 
little excurved over discal venules, followed by blackish above; 
termen slightly purplish. Hind wing blackish, translucent, in the 
male beneath with a brown tuft on discal vein in cell and a large one 
on submedian below it; inner margin grooved and hairy. Expanse, 
15 mm. . 

Type.—Male, No. 16377, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 


(Busck). 
ANYPSIPYLA, new genus. 


Fore wing with veins 2, 8 close to angle of cell, 4-5 long-stalked, 
6 below angle of cell, straight, 8-9 stalked, 10 and 11 on the cell. 
Hind wing with vein 2 before the angle of the cell, 3-5 stalked, all the 
veins firmly united, 6 from apex of cell, 7-8 long-anastomosing. 
Labial palpi upturned above vertex; maxillary palpi filiform, slightly 
dilated with scales; antenne of male simple, ciliate. 

Type of the genus.—Anypsipyla uniwitella, new species. 
ANYPSIPYLA UNIVITELLA, new species. 

Fore wing dark gray; a broad white band through the cell, touch- 
ing the costa for a space beyond the base and at its termination; 
base rather broadly dark gray; two small black dots and a dash at 


328 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


the end of the cell; terminal dots black, nearly confluent; a narrow 
black line along submedian fold. Hind wing whitish, translucent, 
the veins and termen dark. Expanse, 22 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16368, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, No- 
vember, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). Also one male and two females with 
additional data, April, 1912 (Busck) and additional locality, Porto 
Bello, May, 1912 (Busck). 


DRESCOMA, new genus. 


Fore wing with veins 2, 3 before angle of cell, 4, 5 separate, 6 below 
upper angle of cell, 8—9 stalked, 10, 11 on the cell. Hind wing with 
2 before the angle, median vein bifid, 4—5 stalked, cell short the cross- 
vein not opposite 3, 6 at apex of cell, 7 and 8 separate, parallel. 
Labial palpi upturned to vertex; maxillary palpi thickly filiform, 
bent inward; male antenne simple, very slightly thickened at base. 
Hind wing with modifications beneath in the male; tip of abdomen 
with dense_black tufts. 

Type of the genus.—Drescoma cyrdipsa, new species. 

DRESCOMA SORAELLA Druce. 
Homeosoma soraella Drucz, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Lep. Het., vol. 2, 1899, p. 565. 


5. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
May, 1912 (Busck) and November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts); Porto Bello, 
October, 1912 (G. F. Cleveland). 

Druce’s characterization is insufficient to distinguish between the 
three species before me, consequently I adopt Schaus’s identification 
of soraella in Costa Rican specimens, the male with a raised shining 
black disk in the cell of hind wing below, adjoined by a hair tuft. 
The specimens have very dark hind wings and do not agree well with 
Druce’s figure (Plate 101, fig. 28), which comes nearer to ciniliza. I 
therefore suggest the alternative name drucella for this form. 

Type.—Male, No. 16373, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, October, 1912 
(G. F. Cleveland). 

DRESCOMA CYRDIPSA, new species. 

Markings as in D. drucella Dyar and Megarthria peterseni Zeller, 
rather larger than the former, smaller than the latter; distinguished 
only by the male secondary character, an impressed pale fovea on 
costa of hind wing below, bending the veins into the cell, and followed 
basally by a notched area of black scales. Expanse, 16 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16374, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). Also five males and eight females, the latter presumably 
of this species, with additional localities, Trinidad River, March and 
June, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, May (Busck) and October, 1912 
(G. F. Cleveland); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, 
February, 1911 (Busck); Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 329 


in eee EEE Ua nS 


DRESCOMA CINILIXA, new species. 

Markings essentially as in the preceding; fore wing narrower, the 
outer line further out and more excurved below; dark bar crossing 
the white costal space slender and indistinct. Hind wing whitish, 
fuscous only on margin and costa. Expanse, 16 mm. Male with 
small oblique black mark on costa below, the costa slightly indented; 
streaks of rusty scales along subcosta and vein 7 well toward apex and 
a short one on discal fold in the cell; a row of black scales along the 
base of inner margin. 

Type—Male, No. 16375, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Buseck). 

ZAMAGIRIA, new genus. 


Fore wing with veins 2, 3 before the angle of the cell, 4-5 closely 
approximated on basal third, 6 from the apex of the cell, 8-9 long 
stalked, 10 and 11 on the cell. Hind wing with vein 2 before the 
angle of the cell, 3 from the angle, 4-5 stalked for over half their 
length; median nervure bifid Gn Ragonot’s sense), cell short, the 
cross-vein not opposite vein 3. Maxillary palpi of the male with 
two long tufts, furcate on a slender stem. Labial palpi upturned 
above vertex, thick, hollowed, the third joint short, acicular. An- 
tenne pubescent; a hollow at base filled with scales. 

Type of the genus.—Zamagiria dixolophella, new species. 

ZAMAGIRIA DIXOLOPHELLA, new species. 

Dark gray, the lines indistinct; basal space lighter gray below the 
costa, lightest next the inner line; a broad salmon reddish area, 
except on costa, edged by a line of black scales within, by a whitish 
line without, which is dentate on vein 1; outer line a pale shade close 
to the margin, bordered by black marks on the veins withm. Hind 
wing translucent pale fuscous, the veins and termen darker. Ex- 
panse, 21 mm. The two long tufts on the maxillary palpi are dark 
pink and reach back on the fore wing in the specimen. 

Type.—Male, No. 16376, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, Novem- 
ber, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 


CABIMA, new genus. 


Fore wing with veins 2, 3 before the end of the cell, 4-5 closely 
approximated to their basal thirds or stalked, 6 below apex of cell, 
8-9 stalked, 10 and 11 from the cell, 10 running close to the stalk of 
8-9. Hind wing with the cell long, vein 2 near the middle, 3 from the 
lower angle, joining the cross-vein narrowly, 4-5 long-stalked, 6 from 
apex of cell, 7 anastomosing with 8 nearly to apex. Labial palpi 
slender, oblique, straight, the third joint long and distinct; maxillary 
palpi small, filiform. Antenne of male ciliate, a deep sinus at base 
of flagellum with a small tooth of scales, not filling the sinus, but 
making it into a notch. 


330 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47, 


Type of the genus.—Cabima dosia, new species. 

Near Hypsipyla Ragonot, but differmg in the palpi and male an- 
~ tenne. 

CABIMA DOSIA, new species. 

Light gray, shading to red-brown on the inner half of wing; veins 
with many black streaks; inner line a vague cloud; outer line of dots 
on the veins, followed by whitish, angled at the veins 4-5; terminal 
dots black. Hind wing soiled white in the male, shaded with fuscous 
on costa and margin in the female, translucent. Expanse, male, 25 
mm.; female, 31 mm. 

Cotypes—Male and female, No. 16369, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 
1911 (Busck). Also seven others from the same place. 

CABIMA DECURRENS, new species. 

Luteous gray, the veins streaked with black, forming nearly a band 
from vein 1 to inner margin, close streaked costally; the streaks are 
cut across the discal venules for the outer line. Hind wing pellucid 
white, gray on costa and termen; fringe pale gray. Expanse, 24 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16370, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912. 
(Busck). Also one male from the same place, three females from La 
Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck), and one from Corozal, Canal Zone, 
March, 1912 (Busck). 

The notch in the antennez is smaller than in dosia and involving 
fewer joints. 

CABIMA HOPLIDICE, new species. 

Dark gray with traces of purplish veins, the costa streaked with 
black; a small discal mark; outer line indicated by a row of dots. 
Hind wing semitranslucent smoky blackish, darker on the costa. 
Expanse, 26 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. - 16371, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, April, 1912 
(Busck). 

HYPSIPYLA MURISCIS, new species. 

Fore wing white on costal half, shading to purplish gray on the inner 
half; a blackish spot near base of costa and another on inner margin; 
inner line blackish, bent at an angle on median vein, its termination 
opposite its inception; two black discal dots; discal venules streaked 
with black; outer line double and black on upper third, whitish and 
without: borders below, bent out a little at veins 4-5; arow of terminal 
black dots. Hind wing whitish, translucent, the costa and termen 
gray. Expanse, 24 mm. 


Type.—Male, No. 16367, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
CHORRERA, new genus. 


Fore wing with veins 2 to 5 separate, 6 below end of cell, 8-9 
stalked, 10 and 11 on the cell. Hind wing with 2 before the end of 
the cell, 3 closely approximated to 4-5 at base, 4-5 stalked; cell 
rather long, reaching to the middle of the wing; 6 from the apex of 


No. 2050: LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. sol 


eueeeneriewies Eon esc See ON 
the cell, 8 close to 7 for a long distance, not anastomosing. Palpi 
slender, upturned. Antenne of male with a small but rather long 
tuft of scales in a shallow sinus at base. 

Type of the genus.—Chorrera idiotes, new species. 

CHORRERA IDIOTES, new species. 

Dark gray with slightly luteous underground, irrorated with 
black, somewhat transversely; general effect dark; lines inconspic- 
uous, the inner far from the base, pale, with black outer edge, a 
little oblique, denatate in the cell and on submedian; outer line near 
the margin, its inner black edge only distinct, indented subcostally, 
followed by black; a black terminal line. Hind wing pure white, 
translucent; costa narrowly dark fuscous. Expanse, male, 14 mm.; 
female, 17 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16378, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, 
May, 1912 (Busck). Also 11 others from the same place. 
ORCYTOMETOPIA FOSSULATELLA Ragonct. 

5. Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck); La Chorerra, May, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, October, 
1912 (G. F. Cleveland). 

ORYCTOMETOPIA CLEVELANDELLA, new species. 

Fore wing rosy gray on the inner half, the costa broadly white; 
base dark; inner line oblique, broken into dots, dull crimson across 
the white, gray below; discal dot double, dull crimson; outer line 
near the margin, nearly straight, whitish, edged with dull crimson 
within across the white, gray below; termen tinged with crimson; a 
dark shaded terminal line. Hind wing translucent whitish in the 
male, darker in the female, the veins strongly dark-lined and the 
folds slightly lined; a double dark fuscous terminal line; fringe dark. 
Expanse, male, 16 mm.; female, 17 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16372, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, 
December, 1912 (G. F. Cleveland). Also two dwarfed females, 
Tabogilla Island, February, 1912, marked “‘leaf-roller on tree at 
seashore.’’ (Busck). 

ACROBASIS CRASSISQUAMELLA Hampson. 

3. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 
1912 (J. Zetek). 

ACROBASIS (?) JOCARELLA Schaus. 

1. Porto Bello, December, 1912 (G. F. Cleveland). 

I do not think this species belongs to Acrobasis, but as the specimen 
is a female it can not be positively placed. 

DASYPYGA QUERNA, new species. 

Fore wing gray; basal space faintly tinged with reddish; inner line 
straight, oblique, composed of a row of black dots; discal dot powdery, 
followed by a cloud below; outer line of black dots in faint whitish, 
bent at vein 5 and a little incurved above; costal region powdered 


oon PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


with black; terminal black dots distinct. Hind wing pale, translucent; 
veins, costa, terminal line and alinein fringe fuscous. Expanse, 11mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16384, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

HOMALOPALPIA, new genus. 

As in Piesmopoda Zeller, but the labial palpi of the male flattened 
and thickened with scales; male antenne with the basal joint modified 
by a central notch or pocket, the shaft simple or with a row of flat- 
tened teeth on the upper side. 

HOMALOPALPIA DALERA, new species. 

Basal joint of antennz of male with a round pocket containing a 
black prominence, the shaft thickened at base by a row of black teeth 
on the upper side.- Vertex with a high tuft of scales. Fore wing 
with the basal space black-brown, with large, somewhat raised scales; 
rest of wing light tan-gray, the marks indistinct; a broad brownish 
shading across cell; narrow conjoined discal dots and dotted border 
to the pale outer line; terminal dots joined by a fine line; fringe pale 
rosy. Hind wing translucent soiled whitish, with terminal fuscous 
line; frmge dark at base. Expanse, 15 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16379, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, April, 1912 
(Busck). Also one from Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck). 

A fine series from Costa Rica has been identified by Mr. Schaus as 
Piesmopoda columnella Zeller, but we have another similar species 
with different male antennz, so named by Sir G. F. Hampson and they 
can not both be Zeller’s species. Zeller described from a female 
from Colombia and his species is unrecognizable except by further 
collections from the same locality. 

PIESMOPODA LAIDION Zeller. 

1. Porto Bello, February, 1911 (Busck). 
PIESMOPODA XANTHOPOLYS, new species. 

Fore wing bright yellow, a little olive tinted, shading to purple and 
white along costa and beyond the middle, finally deep purple with 
white irrorations; only slight traces of the outer line. Hind wing 
faintly fuscous stained, especially on the margin. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16380, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, September, 
1912 (G. F. Cleveland). Also three others with additional data, 
December, 1912 (G. F. Cleveland), and additional localities, La Chor- 
rera, May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, July, 1912 (J. Zetek). 

Near P. flavicans Zeller, but the yellow more restricted, the outer 
line obsolete. 

PIESMOPODA XANTHOMERA, new species. 

Fore wing with a small area of olive yellow near the base; base and 
wing beyond purple, washed with white over the costal area; discal 
dots dark, double; outer line far out, whitish, straight. Hind wing 
blackish fuscous, the disk between the veins semitransparent. Hx- 
panse, 15 mm. 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. Soa 


Type.—Female, No. 16381, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). Also two males and four females with additional localities, 
Porto Bello, September and October, 1912 (G. F. Cleveland); Taboga 
Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck) 

Varies in size, the males 10 mm., the females 11-16 mm. A male 
from French Guiana is labeled by Sir G. F. Hampson “‘ Piesmopoda 
flavicans Zeller. ‘The Guatemala sp. on which Discopalpia is founded 
is quite distinct.”” Discopalpia Ragonot' was supposed to have been 
founded on Myelois flavicans Zeller, but according to the above note, 
Ragonot’s specimen was misidentified. /lavicans falls in Presmopoda, 
and Discopalpia, with this type, therefore becomes a synonym of 
Piesmopoda, its diagnosis being in error, taken from a different, 
unnamed species. 

PIESMOPODA XANTHOUDEMIA, new species. 

The whole of fore wing violaceous-olive, no separate yellow area, 
the colors entirely blended; costal half thickly white-powdered; costal 
edge dark red; inner line a trace, dark; outer line far out, whitish, 
nearly straight. Hind wing whitish with fuscous veins and margin. 
Expanse, 16 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16382, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). Also one male and one female with additional locality, 
Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck). 

PHYCITA ALMONELLA, new species. 

Fore wing dark gray, rosy tinged, broadly powdered with white 
along costa to outer line; inner line obscure, outer one far out, 
straight, whitish; discal dots minute but distinct, dark, separate. 
Hind wing translucent, fuscous tinged. Expanse, 15 mm. 

Male with a pale hair tuft on the claspers; hind wing with rusty 
brown scales along base of costa and bases of veins beneath; antennee 
with a broad flattened area at base, probably bearing a tuft in fresh 
condition; fore wing with vein 10 running close to 8-9, 4 and 5 approx- 
imated closely for a short distance at base. 

Type.—Male, No. 16383, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, May, 1912 (Busck). 
Also two females, presumably the same species, La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck). 

ELASMOPALPUS LIGNOSELLUS Zeller. : 

58. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 
May (Busck) and October, 1912 (G. F. Cleveland); Alhajuelo, April, 
1911 (Busck); Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck); Paraiso, 
Canal Zone, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); 
Corozal, Canal Zone, May, 1912 (Busck), and July, 1912 (C. P. Crafts.) 
ELASMOPALPUS RUBEDINELLUS Zeller. 

67. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 
1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, May (Busck) and October, 1912 


1 Romanoff, Mém. sur les Lep., vol. 7, 1893, p. 167. 


334 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47, 


(G. F. Cleveland); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 (Busck); Tabernilla, Canal 
Zone, May, 1907 (Busck); La Chorrera, April and May, 1912 (Busck); 
Corozal, Canal Zone, April and May, 1911 (Busck), July WJ. Zetek, 
C. P. Crafts) and August, 1912 (C. P. Crafts). 
ANCYLOSTOMIA STERCOREA Zeller. 

3. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 


(Busck). 
ILLATILA, new genus. 


Fore wing with vein 2 before the angle of the cell, 3 at the angle, 
4—5 stalked, not forming a straight line with the median, 6 below apex 
of cell, 8-9 stalked, 10 and 11 on the cell, 10 close to the end. Hind 
wing with the cell short, vein 2 at the angle, 4 absent, 3 and 5 long 
stalked, 6 at the apex of cell, 7 and 8 anastomosing for half the 
distance beyond the cell. Labial palpi upturned to vertex, terete, 
cylindrical; maxillary palpi scaly, filiform. Male antennex simple. 

Type of the genus.—Illatila gurbyris, new species. 

ILLATILA GURBYRIS, new species. 

Fore wing brownish gray, shaded with black at base and over cell 
beyond inner line and discal spot, the latter pale with club-like rays on 
the discal venules; lines black, slender; inner line beyond the biack 
basal space, bent a little on the median vein; outer line far out, its 
median segment a little excerted, not dentate, followed by a pale 
line; terminal dots subconfluent. Hind wing soiled whitish, a little 
ocherous on the fringe; costa narrowly grayish. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16385, .U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, February, 
1912 (Busck). Also two males, one female with the same data. 
EUZOPHERA TINTILLA, new species. 

Fore wing narrow, pale gray, a trace of reddish on the inner half, 
which accumulates into a rounded patch on vein 1 at middle of 
median space; lines distinct, slender, black, the inner one strongly 
rounded outwardly and irregularly crenulate, the outer parallel to 
the margin, denticulate on the median venules, but hardly excurved; 
discal dots joined; terminal dots subconfluent. Hind wing whitish, 
translucent, the veins terminally and double line fuscous. Expanse 
19 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16386, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, April, 1912 
(Buseck). 

EUZOPHERA MABES, new species. 

Fore wing broad, purplish brown, perhaps green when fresh; 
inner line blackish, bent at right angles in the middle; discal dots 
imperfectly separated; outer line parallel to the margin, subcrenulate 
and very slightly exserted over the discal venules, blackish, followed 
by a pale shade and a second blackish line at costa only; terminal 
dots subconfluent. Hind wing blackish, subtranslucent between 
the veins, the fringe with a pale basal ine. Expanse, 15 mm. 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 300 


Type.—Female, No. 16387, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, February, 
1912. Also another female, less distinctly marked, Porto Bello, 
April, 1912 (Busck). 

EUZOPHERA CONQUISTADOR, new species. 

Purplish brown, dark through the median space and narrowly at 
base; inner line a broad light area, angled outwardly on submedian 
fold and incurved on vein 1; discal mark light; outer line broad, 
pale, denticulate on its inner border.. Hind wing fuscous blackish. 
Expanse, 18 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16390, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
EUZOPHERA RINMEA, new species. 

Gray, dusted with brown black; inner line white, oblique, dis- 
tinct, crumpled in the middle, followed by a black shade that diffuses 
outwardly; discal dots black, separate, followed by a row of streaks 
on the venules; outer line whitish, incurved subcostally and outward 
below, preceded by dots on the veins; terminal dots black. Hind 
wing pale fuscous with dark veins and termen. I[xpanse, 15 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16391, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 
1912 (Busck). 

EUZOPHERA GLOMIS, new species. 

Violaceous gray, perhaps faded from a richer color; base blackish; 
inner line black, oblique, broad on costa, narrowing below, angled 
outwardly in submedian fold; discal dots separated; outer line very 
near the margin, gently excurved, angled at submedian fold, blackish, 
slender, subdenticulate, followed by a pale border more distinct 
than the line; terminal dots small. Hind wing blackish; a pale line 
at base of the fringe. Expanse, 15 mm. 

Type-—Female, No. 16388, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, February, 
1912 (Busck). 

EUZOPHERA CLIMOSA, new species. 

Fore wing broad and more trigonate than usual; purplish gray; 
costa broadly white shaded, narrowly dark at the edge; inner line 
obsolete; discal dot sometimes absent; outer line a pale diffuse 
shade, preceded by blackish and followed by the same near costa also; 
terminal dots nearly obsolete. Hind wing dark fuscous in the male, 
black in the female. Expanse, male, 12 mm.; female, 15 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16389, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, 
March, 1912 (Busck). Also four females with additional locality, 
Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 


ANTHOPTERYX, new genus. 


Fore wing with vein 2 from long before the angle of the cell, 3 and 
5 from the angle, 4 absent, 6 above the middle of the cross vein, 
8-9 stalked, 10 close to the apex of the cell, 11 on the cell. Hind 
wing with the cell long, over half the length of the wing, vein 2 from 


336 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


before the angle, 3 and 5 stalked, 4 absent, 6 from the apex of the 
cell, 7 and 8 anastomosing nearly to the tip. Labial palpi slender, 
obliquely upturned to the vertex. Antenne of female ciliate. 

Type of the genus.—Anthopteryx irichampa, new species. 
ANTHOPTERYX IRICHAMPA, new species. 

Gray, shaded with reddish brown except along costa; basal space 
wide with narrow longitudinal black lines in the center; inner line 
slender, regularly and distinctly arcuate, blackish; preceded by pale; 
discal dots strongly fused into a black bar; discal venules lined in 
black, at bases of veins 2, 3, and 4, forming short bars; outer line near 
the margin, nearly parallel thereto, slightly flexuous, whitish, with 
faint bordering dark shades; no terminal dots. Hind wing pale 
fuscous, translucent, the fringe pale. Expanse, 14 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16392, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, February, 


1912 (Busck). 
BEMA, new genus. 


Fore wing with vein 2 well before the angle of the cell, 3 and 5 
separate, 4 absent; 6 below apex of cell, 8—9 long-stalked, the stalk 
curved and approximate to 10,10, and 11 on thecell. Hind wing with 
the cell very short, vein 2 long before the angle, 3 and 5 separate, 4 
absent, 6 from the apex of cell, approximate to 7-8 at base, 7 and 8 
anastomosing nearly to apex, 8 indistinct. Labial palpi upturned, 
short, not reaching the vertex. Maxillary palpi minute. Antenne 
of male with the basal joint triangular, the flagellum set on one corner, 
thickened, simple. 

Type of the genus —Bema myja, new species. 

BEMA MYYJA, new species. 

Pale gray, lines pale, wavy, far out, the outer one near the margin 
and preceded by black dots; discal dots small, black, separated. 
Hind wing translucent, the veins and termen fuscous, interspaces 
faintly lined. In the male the veins show dark rough scaling. 
Beneath, behind the fore coxa, is a large tuft of creamy white hairs; 
costa of fore wing with a small fold at base; a patch of metallic black 
scales on the abdomen dorsally before the tip. Expanse, male, 16 
mm.; female, 15 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16393, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck). 


RELMIS, new genus. 


Fore wing with vein 2 from before angle of cell, 3, 5 separate, 4 
absent, 6 below apex of cell, 8-9 long-stalked, 10 and 11 on the cell, 
free. Hind wing with the cell short, about one-third the length of 
wing, vein 2 long before the angle, 3 and 5 separate, 4 absent, 6 close 
to 7 at base, 7 and 8 anastomosing nearly to apex. Labial palpi 
slender, upturned to vertex. 

Type of the genus.—Relmis ydda, new species. 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 337 


RELMIS YDDA, new species. 

Dark gray, a little violaceous; base dark; inner line paler than the 
ground, oblique, straight, edged with blackish within and very broadly 
so without; discal dots joined; outer line in-angied on subcostal and 
submedian and broken-dentate, pale, with dark inner edge; terminal 
dots small; fringe pale. Hind wing dark fuscous, veins and termen 
blackish; fringe pale. Expanse, 19 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16394, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). Also another female, in pone state, from the same aes, 
May, 1911 (Busck). 

RELMIS FIFACA, new species. 

Soft pale gray, the veins lined with dark powderings; inner line 
very oblique, whitish, dentate on the outer side on subcostal and 
submedian and followed by a narrow dark shade; discal dots joined 
in a line; outer line near the margin, angled inward on subcostal and 
outward on vein 5, faint below, whitish with dark inner shade; 
terminal dots subconfulent. Hind wing whitish, gray on costa and 
termen. Expanse, 18 mm. 

Type.—Female No. 16395, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, December, 
1912 (G. F. Cleveland). 


MOERBES, new genus. 


Fore wing with vein 2 from the cell, 3 close to the end of the cell, 
4—5 stalked, 6 below apex of cell, 8-10 stalked, 11 on the cell. Hind 
wing with the cell short, 2 from long before the angle, 3 and 5 stalked, 
4 absent, 6 from the apex of cell, 7 and 8 anastomosing nearly to tip 
of wing. Labial palpi moderate, porrect, the second joint scaly 
above, third blunt; maxillary palpi in both sexes small, stout, 
smoothly scaled. Antenne of male ciliate, without bend or tuft. A 
fold at base of costa of fore wing below. 

Type of the genus.—Zophodia dryopella Schaus.! 

MOERBES DRYOPELLA Schaus. 

3. Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); 

La Chorrera, ips 1912 (Busck). 


HARNOCHA, new genus. 


Fore wing with veins 2-3 shortly stalked, 4-5 long stalked, 6 below 
apex of cell, 8-9 stalked, 10, 11 on cell. Hind wing with 2 from the 
angle of the cell, 3 absent, 4-5 long-stalked, 6 from the apex of cell, 7 
anastomosing with 8. Palpi porrect, down curved, two-and-a-half 
times as long as the head. Maxillary palpi minute, scale-like. 
Tongue distinct. Antenne of male simple, slightly bent at the base. 

Type of the genus—Harnocha velessa, new species. 


1Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 11, 1913, p. 249. 
34843 °—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14 22 


Matas: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


HARNOCHA VELESSA, new species. 

Fore wing rosy luteous, the costa broadly white to the middle of 
cell; an oblique black band, touching costal stripe near base; a round 
patch below cell; two black discal dots; a terminal row of close dots, 
absent at apex. Hind wing soiled whitish, slightly grayish at costa. 
Expanse, 12 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16401, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). Also nine others from the same place but one, Trinidad 
River, June, 1912 (Busck). 

EURYTHMIDIA IGNIDORSELLA Ragonot. 

14. Porto Bello, March, 1911, April, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal 
Zone, March, 1911 (Busck); Alhajuelo, March, 1912, April, .1911 
(Busck) ; Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck). 

Smaller and brighter than Mexican specimens, on which the name 
was founded, and with whitish, not fuscous, hind wings in both sexes. 
ENDOMMASIS NIGRITELLA Hampson. 

23. Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1912 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, 
April and May, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, February, 1911, April, 
May, 1912 (Busck) ; October and December, 1912 (G. F. Cleveland) ; 
La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


EURYTHMASIS, new genus. 


Fore wing with veins 2-3 long-stalked from the angle of the cell, 4 
absent, 5 from the angle of the cell, 6 below apex, 8-9 stalked, 10, 11 
on cell. Hind wing with 2 from angle of cell, 4 absent, 3-5 long- 
stalked, 6 at apex of cell, 7-8 anastomosing half way to apex of cell. 
Labial papli broken. “Maxillary palpi small, filiform, scaly. Tongue 
distinct. Antenne broken. Front without tuft, smooth. 

Type of the genus.—Eurythmasis ignifatua, new species. 
EURYTHMASIS IGNIFATUA, new species. 

Scarcely distinguishable in markings from either Endommasis nigri- 
tella Hampson or Eurythmidia ignidorsella Ragonot. Rather light 
gray, the pale space above inner margin of fore wing indistinct and 
but little reddish. Expanse, 13 mm. 

T'ype.—Male, No. 16400, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). 

DANNEMORA QUADRIPUNCTA Zeller. 

2. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
VITULA RUSTO, new species. 

Wing-shape of V. bodkini Dyar, the markings similar, but bright 
and distinct; inner line white, distinct, with a small tooth on sub- 
median, followed by a broad blackish shade; discal dots large, nearly 
contiguous; outer line white, slightly excurved centrally with inner 
dotted black edge; terminal dots small, distinct. Hind wing pale 
fuscous, with dark veins and termen. Expanse, 15 mm. 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 339 


Type.—Female, No. 16405, U.S.N.M.; Paraiso, Canal Zone, May, 
1911 (Busck). 

VITULA TABOGA, new species. 

Male without tuft on costa below; pale gray; inner line sharply 
angled in the center, followed by a black shade; discal dots sepa- 
rated; outer line whitish, near the margin, appearing denticulate 
from the dotted black inner segment; dark streaks on the discal 
venules; terminal dots nearly confluent. Hind wing whitish, very 
faintly fuscous tinted, veins and double terminal line fuscous. 
Expanse, male, 138 mm.; female, 14 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16404, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck). 

Very close to V. bodkini Dyar,' perhaps the same, but the fore wing 
seems narrower, the hind wing paler. 

VITULA BODKINI Dyar. 

1. Trinidad River, May, 1911 (Busck). 
CABOTIA RHYTHMATICA, new species. 

Fore wing luteous purplish, powdered with white on the costa; 
inner line far out, very faint, forming a tooth on subcosta, arcuate 
below; discal dots blackish; outer line a trace, dark, especially 
toward costa, far out and parallel to the margin. Hind wing sordid 
whitish, fuscous on veins, margin and fringe. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Cotypes——Male and female, No. 16403, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, 
March, 1911, and April, 1912 (Busck). 

Near C. cundajensis Zeller, but not the same as the specimens so 
identified before me. 

EDULICA COMPEDELLA Zeller. 

3. Porto Bello, April and May, 1912 (Busck). 
EURYTHMIA VESTILLA, new species. 

Palpi long and slender, frontal tuft prominent; inner line vague 
whitish, nearly erect, followed by a broad black shade; discal dots 
dark; outer line like the inner reversed, more slender, very vague. 
Hind wing transparent pale fuscous. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16406, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 
1911 (Busck). Also one female from the same place. 

EURYTHMIA COOQUILLA, new species. 

Palpi long, oblique, rather shaggy and pointed. Base of wing pale 
nearly to the middle, its end erect, sharp; discal dots joined; outer 
line lost. Hind wing translucent pale fuscous. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16407, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 1912 
(Busck). Also another female from the same place. 

EURYTHMIA COCA, new species. 

Palpi rather short and stout. Fore wing luteous gray, black-pow- 

dered; lines lost, but indicated by some rather coarse black dots; 


1Jns. Ins. Men., vol. 1, 1913, p. 99. 


340 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


discal dots black, separate. Hind wing white with fuscous termen. 
Expanse, 10 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16408, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, February, 1912 
(Busck). Also two females with the same data. 
EURYTHMIA MOSSA, new species. 

Palpi rather short and stout, upturned. Fore wing narrow, black- 
ish gray; inner line pale, erect, irregular, followed by a black shade 
that reaches the discal dots, which are large and rather diffused ; outer 
line far out, whitish, somewhat irregular and diffused. Hind wing 
whitish, veins and termen fuscous. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Tpe.—Female, No. 16409, U.S.N.M.; Tabogilla Island, February, 
1912 (Busck). Also another female from the same pliuce. 
EURYTHMIA UNCTA, new species. 

Palpi slender, oblique, a small tuft at end of second joint; front 
prominent. Fore wing dark gray; inner line white, strongly oblique, 
denticulate, followed by a black shade; discal dots black, separate; 
outer line far out, parallel to outer margin, denticulate, slender, white. 
Hind wing whitish, translucent, veins and termen fuscous. Expanse, 
10 mm. 

Type—Female, No. 16410, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, February, 
1912 (Buseck). Also two females with the same data and three others 
in indifferent condition and not certainly the same species with addi- 
tional localities, Porto Bello, April, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck). 

HARNOCHINA, new genus. 


Fore wing with veins 2 and 3 before the angle of the cell, separated, 
4—5 stalked, not in line with the median, 6 below apex of cell, 8-9 
long-stalked, 10 and 11 on the cell. Hind wing with 2 at the angle 
of the cell, 4 absent, 3-5 very long-stalked, 6 stalked, 7 and 8 strongly 
anastomosing. Labial palpi upturned, the second joint oblique or 
nearly erect, widened a little with scaleson both sides, third joint gently 
deflexed. Maxillary palpi small, filiform. Antenne of male strongly 
ciliate, subserrate, not bent. 

Type of the genus.—Harnochina rectilinea, new species. 

HARNOCHINA RECTILINEA, new species. 

Fore wing yellowish, the costa white; a black powdering at apex 
running down center of terminal space; lines blackish, straight, nearly 
parallel, the inner one sometimes a little irregular and not crossing 
the costal white stripe. Hind wing fuscous blackish, darker in the 
female, uniform; a pale line showing in the base of the fringe. Ex- 
panse, 10 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16402, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 
1911 (Busck). Also one male from the same place, May, 1912 
(Busck), and five females, La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Cabima, 
May, 1911 (Busck). 


No. 2080. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. $41 


MESCINIA BEROSA, new species. 

Fore wing grayish white, shaded with dull vinous on the basal 
third, along inner margin and up terminal space; inner line whitish, 
narrow, indistinct, showing as a cusp centered on vein 1; discal dots 
black, separated; outer line straight but denticulate, whitish, narrow, 
parallel to the margin, preceded by a black shade centrally only; 
terminal line dark, powdery. Hind wing pale fuscous, darker on the 
termen. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type.—¥emale, No. 16398, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 

MESCINIA TRILOSES, new species. 

Fore wing very pale gray, faintly pinkish, the costa white; inner 
line blackish, powdery and diffused, but broad, upright and nearly 
straight, not reaching the costa or margin; discal dots joined; outer 
line oblique, straight, whitish, edged with blackish, distinctly within, 
narrowly and faintly without. Hind wing soiled whitish, fuscous on 
the margin. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16396, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, February, 1912 
(Buseck). Also four males and seven females with additional locali- 
ties, Tabogilla Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Alhajuelo, April, 1911 
(Buseck). 

MESCINIA MOSCES, new species. 

Similar to the above, the inner line broken and indistinct, lost in a 
general longitudinal powdering which is strong in the discal area; 
colors rather brighter, the pinkish gray of the inner area contrasting 
with the white costa; outer line strongly black-edged. Expanse, 
12 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16397, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, February, 
1912 (Busck). Also one male and five females with additional local- 
ity, Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911, and May, 1912 (Busck). 


HYPERMESCINIA, new genus. 


Differs from Mescinia in having veins 2 and 3 of fore wing coinci- 
dent. 

Type of the genus.—Hypermescimia lambella, new species. 
HYPERMESCINIA LAMBELLA, new species. 

Whitish gray, the costa white; lines aark gray, powdery, straight; 
inner line a little irregular centrally; outer line doubled; discal dots 
jomed. Hind wing whitish in the male, pale fuscous in the female, 
the veins and termen darker. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Type—Male, No. 16399, U.S.N.M.; Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 
1907 (Busck). Also three females, Porto Bello, February, 1912 
(Busck); La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad River, June, 
1912 (Busck). 


849 PROCEEDINGS OF THB NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


MOODNA SUPPLICELLA, new species. 

Fore wing long and narrow, vinous blackish; basal space vinous- 
black; median black; lower half of terminal space vinous; lines 
whitish, slender, powdery and broken, the inner far out, oblique, the 
outer near and parallel to the margin. Hind wing translucent pale 
fuscous, veins and termen dark. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16417, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, June, 1912 
(Busck). Also one male and six females, Porto Bello, April and May, 
1912 (Busck), October, 1912 (G. F. Cleveland); Cabima, May, 1911 
(Busck). 

HOMCOSOMA MUSIOSUM, new species. 

Fore wing rather square and bluntly rounded; whitish, uniformly 
sprinkled with black, the general effect pale gray; lines obsolete; 
basal area a little darker; discal spots distinct, separated; a blackish 
streak on the costa before apex. Hind wing sordid whitish; a ter- 
minal fuscous line. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Type—F¥emale, No. 16411, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, May, 1911 
(Busck). Also one male and five females with additional data, May, 
1912 (Busck) and localities, Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck); 
Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912, and May, 
1911 (Busck). 

HOMCOSOMA MUCIDELLA Ragonot. 

13. Trinidad River, March and September, 1912 (Busck); Porto 
Bello, February, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, November, 1912 
(CP. Crafts): 

CALAMOPHLEPS, new genus. 


Fore wing with vein 2 near angle of cell, 3-5 stalked, 6 below apex 
of cell, 8-9 stalked, coincident or nearly so, 10 and 11 on cell. Hind 
wing with vein 2 from the angle of the cell, 3 and 5 long-stalked, 
4 absent, 6 from apex of the cell, 7 anastomosing with 8, nearly 
coincident. Labial palpi slender, obliquely upturned; maxillary 
palpi small, filiform. Antenne of male minutely ciliate with spines 
at the apices of the joints. 

Type of the genus—Calamophleps squalidella, new species. 
CALAMOPHLEPS SQUALIDELLA, new species. 

Dark gray; inner line oblique, straight, defined only by a following 
black shade that spreads over part of median space; discal dot 
double, generally separated; outer line close to margin, pale, vague, 
straight, defined by a dark, narrow, mner shade. Hind wing pale 
fuscous, veins and termen darker; a pale line in base of fringe. 
Expanse, 12 mm. 

Type-—Female, No. 16414, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, May, 1912 
(Busck). Also 3 males and 9 females from the same place with addi- 
tional data, December, 1912 (G. F. Cleveland), and from La Chorrera, 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 343 


Oe Ee ae ll a 
May, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1912 (Busck), March, 
1911 (Busck). 

Two of the specimens have veins 4 and 5 coincident on one wing. 

Since preparing these descriptions I find that Calamophleps squali- 
della is undoubtedly the same as Azera muciella Schaus;* but as 

cera is too near Azara D’Orbigny (Mollusca) to be retained I let the 
descriptions stand as written, leaving squalidclla to designate the 
specimens actually under observation, to avoid possible future con- 
fusion. 

CALAMOPHLEPS NODOSES, new species. 

Pale gray, whitish on costa; lines dark, the inner broad, nearly 
straight, not attaining either margin; discal dot clouded, double; 
outer line straight, parallel to and near the outer margin, with narrow 
following pale shade. Hind wing translucent fuscous. Expanse, 
10 mm. 

Type-—Female, No. 16415, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 
1911 (Buseck). 

CALAMOPHLEPS LOPHOPHORA, new species. 

Front with projecting divided tuft. Dark gray, finely powdered 
with black; inner line whitish, oblique, irregular, followed by a black 
shade; discal dots dark, separated; outer line narrow, pale, a little 
flexuous, all the markings obscure and apparently inconstant. Hind 
wing silky translucent pale fuscous. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type—Female, No. 16416, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, May, 1912 
(Busck). Also one female, La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


COMOTIA, new genus. 


Fore wing with vein 2 before the angle of the cell, 3 and 5 shortly 
stalked, 4 absent, 6 below apex of cell, straight, long; 8 and 9 coinci- 
dent, close to 10 at base, 10 and 11 on the cell. Hind wing with the 
cell very short, vein 2 long before the angle, 4 absent, 3 and 5 sepa- 
rate, 6 close to 7 at base, 7 and 8 coincident. Labial palpi slender, 
upturned to vertex. Maxillary palpi mimute. Antenne of male 
with the basal joint triangular, the flagellum on one corner, a small 
spine on the other; flagellum with its second joint large, flat, exca- 
vated behind into a pocket, followed by a ridge of crests on the suc- 
ceeding joints. Abdomen long and slender, the anal segment tufted. 

Type of the genus.—Comotia torsicornis, new species. 

COMOTIA TORSICORNIS, new species. 

Fore wing long, very narrow, pale gray, a little streaked with 
black on the veins; discal dots black, separated; lines pale, obscure; 
terminal dots black. Hind wing translucent pale fuscous with dark 
veins and termen. Expanse, 13 mm. 


1 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), Vol. 11, 1913, p. 250. 


344 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


Type.—Male, No. 16418, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, March, 1911 
(Busck). A worn female, Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck), 
apparently belongs here, but shows small differences in venation. 
A trace of vein 8 is visible at apex of fore wing and veins 4 and 5 of 
fore wing are separate at origin. 


STRYMAX, new genus. 


Fore wing with veins 2 and 3 close to the end of the cell, parallel, 
4 and 5 coincident, 6 below the apex of the cell, 8-9 coincident, 10 
and 11 on the cell. Hind wing with vein 2 before the angle of the 
cell, bent a little at base, 4 absent, 3 and 5 separate, 6 from the apex 
of the cell, 7 anastomosing with 8 nearly to the tip. Labial palpi 
slender, upturned above vertex; maxillary palpi small, filiform. 
Antenne.of male simple, with a constriction at base of the flagellum. 

Type of the genus—Strymax dorae, new species. 

STRYMAX DORAE, new species. 

Whitish gray; inner line represented by two or three black patches 
in a line or triangle; discal dots small, black, narrow, separate; outer 
line defined by two dark shades, itself of the ground color. Hind 
wing translucent whitish, a little fuscous along the costa. Expanse, 
10 mm. 

T'ype.—Male, No. 16419, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, April, 1912 
(Busck). Also 8 males and 9 females with additional localities, 
Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 1911, and May, 1912 (Busck); Trinidad 
River, March, 1912, and May, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, June, 
1911 (Busck); Paraiso, Canal Zone, April, 1911 (Busck). 

STRYMAX PYLLIS, new species. 

Whitish gray, markings obsolete; discal dots distinct though 
minute, only traces of the inner dots; outer line a pale trace. Hind 
wing clear yellowish white in the male. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16420, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, February, 1911 
(Buseck). Also four females tentatively referred here, Taboga 
Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1912 
(Busck); Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 

EPHESTIODES PLORELLA, new species. - 

Fore wing rather dark gray, finely peppered with black, of the same 
color throughout; inner line whitish, broad, rather diffused, straight, 
followed by a broad black shade; discal dots conjoined; outer line 
whitish, parallel to and near the margin, narrow, a little irregular, 
with slight black defining shade; a dark terminal shade-line. Hind 
wing translucent soiled whitish with fuscous terminal line. Expanse, 
13 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16413, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 
1911 (Rusck), also five females with additional data, April, 1911 
(Busck), and additional localities, La Chorrera, April and May, 
1912 (Busck). 


xo. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 845 


EPHESTIODES NONIELLA, new species. 

Fore wing gray, dark, the long basal space tinged with olive yellow, 
bounded by an erect line that curves basally at costa, blackish, 
shading into the dark mesial color; discal dots dissolved; outer line 
barely indicated, whitish, oblique, near the margin. Hind wing pale 
fuscous with darker veins and terminal line. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two females, No. 16412, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, May, 
1912 (Busck). Also one male, Trinidad River, September, 1912 
(Busck). 

EPHESTIA CAUTELLA Walker. 

1. Porto Bello, May, 1911 (Busck). 
EPHESTIA ELUTELLA Hiibner. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911. 

EPHESTIA DIVERGENS, new species. 

Dark gray, a little purplish; inner line at middle of wing, erect, 
black, widening on the costa; discal dots joined; outer line oblique, 
parallel to the margin incurved on submedian fold, black, followed 
by a pale border. Hind wing dark fuscous. Expanse, 16 mm. 

Type-—Female, No. 16423, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, June, 1911 
(Busck). 

Resembles EF. nonparilella Dyar, but broader winged, darker 
colored, the inner line erect and not parallel to the outer. 

EPHESTIA COLORELLA, new species. 

Fore wing with the basal space dull red; inner line white, oblique, 
straight, broad and distinct; median space blackish, with more or 
less distinct white area around the double, separated, discal dots; 
outer line straight, white, narrow; terminal space dull red, black at 
apex. Hind wing pale translucent fuscous, dark on veins and 
termen. Expanse, 12 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16421, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, February, 
1912 (Busck). Also one male and nine females with additional 
localities, Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck); Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 
1911 (Busck); Tabogilla Island, February, 1912 (Busck); Porto 
Bello, May, 1912 (Busck). 

EPHESTIA ANIMOSELLA, new species. 

Similar to the preceding, narrower winged, veins 3 and 5 separate, 
whereas they are generally shortly stalked in colorella; inner line 
more oblique, narrow and continued along costa to base; outer line 
narrow. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type—Female, No. 16422, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, May, 1912 
(Buseck). Also 1 male, 12 females, with additional localities, Trini- 
dad River, May, 1911, March and June, 1912 (Busck); La Chorrera, 
April, 1912 (Busck). 

PLODIA INTERPUNCTELLA Hiibner. 
1. Porto Bello, May, 1912 (Busck). 


846 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 47. 


VARNERIA NANNODES, new species. 

Fore wing bronzy purple-red. Hind wing translucent fuscous. 
Expanse, 8 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16424, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

I am not sure that Varneria is distinct from ELurythmia; the small 
size, bluntly rounded wings and short abdomen, together with the 
peculiar coloration may, perhaps, hold the genus. 


MICROPHYCITA, new genus. 


Fore wing with vein 2 before angle of cell, 3 and 5 stalked, 4 absent, 
6 from slightly above middle of cross-vein, 7-8 absent, 9 and 10 
stalked, 11 on cell. Hind wing with five veins, cell open, 3 and 4 
absent, 6 from 8, 7 absent. Labial palpi slender, upturned, the 
third joint long and thin. Maxillary palpi small. Tongue distinct. 
Head rounded, smooth. 

Type of the genus.— Microphycita titillella, new species. 
MICROPHYCITA TITILLELLA, new species. 

Fore wing gray, irrorate with dark; arufous tint about outer portion; 
two slender, slightly curved lines, parallel, approximate, the inner at 
the middle of the wing, pale, edged toward median space with dark; 
fringe long, gray. Hind wing pointed at apex, the costa a little con- 
cave, pale fuscous with long gray fringes. Expanse, 8 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16427, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). Also 17 others with additional data, May, 1911, and June 
1912 (Busck) and locality, Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
MICROPHYCITA CONOPS, new species. 

Dark bronzy black, without markings. Hind wing pale trans- 
lucent fuscous, with dark terminal line; fringe very long, with pale 
line at base, followed by a dark one. Expanse, 8 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16428, U.S.N.M.; La Chorrera, April, 1912 
(Buseck). Also three others with additional data, May, 1912 (Busck) 
and localities, Cabima, Mey, 1911 (Busck); Tr Sided River, May, 
1911 (Busck). 

MICROPHESTIA, new genus. 


Fore wing with veins 2, 3, and 5 separate from near angle of cell, 
4 absent, 6 below apex of cell, 8-9 coincident, 10, 11 on the cell. Hind 
wing with vein 2 long before the angle of the cell, 4—5 long-stalked, 
6 from apex of cell, 7-8 coincident. Labial palpi slender, terete, 
obliquely ascending; maxillary palpi small, filiform. 

Type of the genus.— Microphestia animalcula, new species. 
MICROPHESTIA ANIMALCULA, new species. 

Fore wing glossy black-brown. Hind wing pale fuscous. Ex- 
panse, 8 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16426, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Buseck). 


No. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 347 


MICROMESCINIA, new genus. 


Fore wing with veins 2-3 stalked, 4-5 stalked, 6 below apex of cell, 
8-9 coincident, 10, 11 on cell. Hind wing with 2 close to angle of 
cell, 4 absent, 3-5 stalked, 6 from apex of cell, 7-8 coincident. Labial 
palpi slender, oblique; maxillary palpi filiform, small. Male with 
fold and tuft on costa at base of fore wing beneath. 

Type of the genus.— Micromescina pygmexa, new species. 
MICROMESCINIA PYGMZA, new species. 

Fore wing yellowish ocher, deep purple-red on costa and in a broad 
terminal band. Hind wing fuscous, lighter at base; a pale line in 
base of fringe. Expanse, 9.5 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16425, U.S.N.M.; Porto Bello, March, 1911 
(Busck). Also one male and one female, Taboga Island, F ebruary, 
1912 (Busck); Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907 (Busck). 

NAVASOTA MYRIOLECTA, new species. 

Pinkish, strewn with dark atoms, the veins marked with light 
lines, most distinct along costa; the dark scales border the cell veins 
and those running to apex. Hind wing soiled whitish, the costa 
gray. Expanse, 19 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16434, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
PECTINIGERA VIOLODIS, new species. 

Fore wing uniform light purple. Hind wing soiled whitish, the 
costa gray. Expanse, 20 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16430, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
PECTINIGERA MUS#ELLA Schaus. 

7. Corozal, Canal Zone, April, 1911, and June, 1912 (Busck), July, 
1912 (J. Zetek), November, 1912 (C. P. Crafts); Trinidad River, 
June, 1912 (Busck). 

POUJADIA CYTTARELLA, new species. 

Fore wing pink with scattered brown scales, cell whitish, the color 
not reaching costa. Hind wing very pale fuscous; abdomen ocher. 
Expanse, 16 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16429, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
Also two others from the same place... 


TINITINOA, new genus. 


Fore wing with veins 2, 3, and 5 separate near end of cell, 4 absent, 
6 below apex of cell, 8-10 stalked, 11 on the cell. Hind wing with 
2 before the angle of the cell, 3-5 long-stalked, 4 absent, 6 from apex 
of cell, 7 anastomosing with 9. Labial palpi porrect; maxillary 
palpi filiform. Antenne of male with long pectinations at base, 
decreasing to serrations at the middle; a slight flat tuft at base. 
Type of the genus.— Tinitinoa phyrdes, new species. 


848 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


TINITINOA PHYRDES, new species. 

Fore wing with distinct white costal stripe, ending in a point at 
apex; a dark streak at base; rest of wing pinkish with scattered 
dark dots, irregularly representing the ordinary lines; veins longi- 
tudinally lined in pale; terminal dots small, black, distinct. Hind 
wing pale fuscous tinged, with dark terminal line. Expanse, 15 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16431, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). Also 9 males and 2 females from the same place with* 
additional data May, 1911, and June, 1912 (Busck), and additional 
locality, Porto Bello, February, 1912 (Busck), the latter specimen 
very small (expanse, 9.5 mm.). 


SCHENECTADIA, new genus. 


Fore wing with vein 2 from the cell, 4 absent, 3 and 5 from the 
angle, separate, 6 below apex of cell, 8-10 stalked, 11 on the cell. 
Hind wing with 2 and 5 separate, from the angle of the cell, 3 and 4 
absent, 6 from apex of cell, 7 and 8 anastomosing. Labial palpi long, 
obliquely erect, far exceeding the vertex. Maxillary palpi scaly, 
small. Front smooth. 

Type of the genus.—Schenectadia merilesella, new species. 
SCHENECTADIA MERILESELLA new species. 

Fore wing pinkish with scattered black scales; costal edge, vein 
12 and subcosta white, giving the appearance of a white costal stripe; 
median vein black; brownish streaks on the folds, subcostal and 
submedian. Hind wing sordid whitish. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16432, U.S.N.M.; Corozal, Canal Zone, March, 
1911 (Busck). Also two males, La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck); 
Taboga Island, June, 1911 (Busck). 

C@NOCHROA MONOMACULA, new species. 

Dull ocher, longitudinally streaked with blackish, radiating at 
base from dark center on submedian fold; a distinct, oval, black spot 
at lower angle of cell. Hind wing stained with fuscous. Expanse, 
14 mm. 

Type-—Male, No. 16433, U.S.N.M.; Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
Also one male and one female, La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 


Family CASTNIIDA. 


CASTNIA CACICA Herrich-Schiffer. 
1. Porto Bello, February, 1912 (Busck). 
CASTNIA VIRYI Boisduval. 
2. La Chorrera, March, 1912 (Busck); Porto Bello, April, 1912 
(Busck). 
CASTNIA LICUS Cramer. : 
1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 


no. 2050. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE—DYAR. 349 


SS ha aA A A 
CASTNIA ATYMNIUS Dalman. 

2. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
February, 1911 (Busck). 
CASTNIA HUMBOLDTI Boisduval. 

2. Taboga Island, January, 1911 (Busck). 


Family COSSID. 


ZEUZERA PYRACMON Cramer. 

11. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, 
February, 1911 (Busck); Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

ZEUZERA COMISTEON Schaus. 

4. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Bee! 
ZEUZERA RAMOSA Schaus. 

4. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Porto Bello, Feb- 
ruary, 1911 (Busck). 

PSYCHONOCTUA TERRAFIRMA Schaus. 

3. Taboga Island, February, 1912 (Busck). 
PSYCHONOCTUA NULLIFER, new species. 

Fore wing creamy, thickly dusted with chocolate brown atoms. 
Hind wing cream-colored with slight brown shading at anal angle. 
Expanse, 58 mm. 

Type-——Female, No. 16435, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, February, 

1912 (Busck). 

Two males which I associate with this have the same creamy 
brownish tint; some blackish reticulations at base, less distinct ones 
terminally and a discal dot. From the same locality and date. 
COSSULA ARPI Schaus. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 

LANGSDORFIA FRANCKII Hiibner. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
HEMIPECTEN NIVEOGRISEA Schaus. 

1. Cabima, May, 1911 (Busck). 
LENTAGENA AUDARIA Schaus. 

2. Paraiso, Canal Zone, January, 1911 (Busck); Taboga Island, 
February, 1912 (Busck). 

GIVIRA JUTURNA Schaus. 

1. Porto Bello, March, 1911 (Busck). 
TORONIA ADOLESCENS, new species. 

Fore wing gray, mottled and streaked with white, in end of cell, 
around submedian vein and densely over discal venules; reticulations 
suffused; a black line with dull orange scales sihoeas across cell 
from subcosta to vein 1; a similar submarginal line from costa, 
broadly sinuate, ending on margin at vein 2; several less distinct and 
broken streaks between these and the apex. Hind wing pale gray. 
Expanse, 36 mm. 


350 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


Type.—Female, No. 16436, U.S.N.M.; Taboga Island, February, 
1912 (Busck). 

This may prove to be the female of 7. infantilis Schaus (Cossus 
infantilis Schaus)', though very dissimilar in appearance. 

ARBELA NECREROS, new species. 

Soft dark brown; a broader, darker blackish shade band, oblique 
from costa before apex to inner margin before middle; reticulations 
obsolete; a narrow gray line on angle of inner margin at base. Hind 
wing sooty blackish, subtranslucent, the veins appearing darker. 
Beneath, all blackish, reticulations only faintly shown. Expanse, 
27 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16437, U.S.N.M.; Trinidad River, March, 1912 
(Busck). 


Family HEPIALIDA. 


HEPIALUS MOMUS Druce. 

1. La Chorrera, May, 1912 (Busck). 
DALACA ASSA Druce. 

1. Trinidad River, March, 1912 (Busck). 


1 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), vol. 7, 1911, p. 632. 


THE VARIATIONS EXHIBITED BY THAMNOPHIS ORDI- 
NOIDES (BAIRD AND GIRARD), A GARTER-SNAKE IN- 
HABITING THE SAUSALITO PENINSULA, CALIFORNIA. 


By Josreru C. THompson, 
Surgeon, United States Navy. 


INTRODUCTION. . 


The garter-snakes of the Pacific coast found west of the Sierra- 
Nevada-Cascade Range, from Vancouver in the north to the Teha- 
chapi Mountains in the south, have been assembled in the Memoir of 
Dr. A. G. Ruthven, under the one name of Thamnophis ordinoides 
(Baird and Girard) 

This species presents a remarkably large series of variations, is 
equaled by no other in the genus, and is only approached by 7. ele- 
gans and T. radix which occupy regions five to eight times greater 
in extent. 

The specimens upon which this study is based were captured on 
the Sausalito Peninsula, which forms the northern boundary of the 
Golden Gate, the entrance to San Francisco Bay. They were all 
taken within a radius of 3 kilometers. 


METHODS. 


In addition to enumerating the number of scale rows on the various 
parts of the body, it has been found that most instructive records 
may be obtained if note is taken of the exact gastrostege level at 
which an added row begins or a suppressed row ends. 

Assuming that a normal specimen is being examined, the following 
is about what may be expected: At the beginning of the neck there 
may be counted 10 rows of scales on each side of the median, a total 
of 21 rows; a little further back there are 9 rows and the median, a 
total of 19 rows; where this reduced count begins it will be seen that 
it is caused by the IV row (counting the row next to the gastrostege as 
the first row) being suppressed, and this occurs usually at the level 
of the sixth gastrostege. From this point on there are 19 rows until 
about the twenty-fifth gastrostege, where the count is increased to 21 
rows; this is brought about by the addition of a row on each side, 
the added row being the V. This V row, with the accompanying 
total of 21 rows, continues to about the sixty-fifth gastrostege, when 
the V row is suppressed and the count of 19 rowsisresumed. The 19 
rows continue to the level of the eighty-fifth gastrostege, when the 


1 Bull. 61, U. S. National Museum, 1908, p. 147. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 47—No. 2051. 
351 


gon PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


IV row is suppressed, leaving 17 rows, which continue throughout 
the rest of the body. 
A specimen such as just described would have the scale rows 
recorded as— 
Neck, 19. Body, 19-21-19-17; 
the sequence of addition and suppression of the scale rows as 
Neck, —IV. Body, +V, —V, —IV; 
and the complete data showing the gastrostege level at which the 
added rows begin and the suppressed rows end may be presented as 
follows: 


Neck. Body. 


21—IV. 19+-V. 21—V. 19—IV. 17 cont’d. 


One of the variations in the scale formule is where the body instead 
of having 19-21-19-17 rows, has only 19-17, that is, 19 rows ante- 
riorly and 17 posteriorly. In this type it is the fourth row in actual 
counting which is lost. 

In order that the data be correctly coordinated the scale rows must 
be given permanent numbers on that part of the body on which the 
highest count occurs in the species. In this case it is 21 rows, and 
the series are numbered from I to X in addition to the median. A 
specimen in which the highest count is 19 rows must be assumed to 
have the V rows suppressed constructively. It will have 9 rows on 
each side of the median; for these to be recorded in terms of the max- 
imum number for the species they must be counted as I, II, I, IV (V 
suppressed constructively), VI, VII, VIII, IX, and the median row. 

Another variation is where the count is 19-17-15. In this type 
the 19 rows become reduced to 17 by the suppression of the IV row, 
and occasionally the 17 rows become 15 by the loss of the fifth row 
in actual count, but this row when recorded in terms of the maximum 
rows for the species must be counted as the VI row. 

Behind the posterior pair of geneials there are usually one or two 
pairs of small gular shields; these are followed by from one to three 
shields in the median line which increase in width in pyramidal 
fashion. ‘The shield that is regarded as the first gastrostege is the 
first one that is nearly the standard width; it is usually distinguished 
by being colored similarly to the rest of the ventrals and not white or 
cream-colored like the throat. 


VARIATION IN NUMBER OF DORSAL SCALE ROWS. 


Combining the records obtained by Doctor Ruthven! with the data 
secured from the present series it appears that there are eight dis- 


1 Bull. 61, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 148. 


no. 2051. VARIATIONS OF THAMNOPHIS ORDINOIDES—THOMPSON. 353 


tinct scale formule for 7. ordinoides. The reduced counts prevail 
in specimens from the northern part of the range. These formule 
and the frequency of occurrence of the five types found on the 
Sausalito Peninsula are as follows: 


Per cent. 
OSS es ee Ae ee re SO a aS eS a ae tener 6 
Qe OOS ae ea ay ee eae eee Teta oe eee VS eto petoicsereroxeizres 66 
TENG PR EES SE eee Ate ES A eta ee Ita He ORNS ic ne ORT 10 
TOT ee aes Ai BIS ee 2 RA BN oe re Ce eee Oe 12 
ORFS TONG a Re ere gee ae ee. ee Sees SES ae eee 2 
T/SID SV Gli aes oe doaceoccemes none Gob ceasea sae apce dea dcoconee 0 
Ty PS Re ee ee es een ie Sc ig a ees ea Steet a ee ge 0 
TSS UG Ue a eR Sesh Rae PAL a ATV mA ck a 0 
ipalaterallysasyiame trical ss aa 2 cere sees ee ee eee orice 4 
SCALE FORMULA 21-19-17 (—V, —IV). 
Neck. Body. 
ee Sex. Ventrals. 
23—IV. 21—\V. | 19—IV. 17 cont. 
50283 | Male...... 159 Wee POPPSOI vile Ub. eLt4y || eee 
50304 | Female... 154 6 5 75 72 D10VF 10023 eee es eae 
nied) (LocGlnguese 154 5 5 71 74 121 A123 ue | eee eee 


SCALE FORMULA 19-21-19-17 (+ V, —V, —IV). 


This combination was found in 66 per cent of the specimens; of 
these, 61 per cent were males and 39 per cent females. It may be 
regarded as the normal count for this immediate region. 


Male. 
Neck. | Body. 
U ot Ventrals. 

21—IV. | 19+V. | 21—V. | 19—IV. | 17 cont. 
50254 153 a APG 35 38. | 440748s lt yg8i Sois|esa eee 
50259 150 7 7) | 2h 26) |\-50 68 "| Ol. ‘Salient eee 
50263 159 8 7 | 25 23 | 65 70 | 87 88 [o.-.... 

—=h Vi = 

50264 155 sy eat yas {53 33y {89 Pe eieea 2 Se 
50265 164 | Cont.8 [Cont.20 | 69 71 | 95 98 |.......... 

Lei) 
50266 156 sf 8 | 23 23,| 6267 | 8386 |... 

=Tye\.) pe 
50267 155 Se) Peanae Wee eat {76 seal he ae eee 
50268 159 Guile Wsbesa faa rvasel) B65. "Gey \sekces 
50269 156 45 | 28 20 | 58 50 | 84 85 fo. 
ay 
50270 157 Ones 24 $35 B58 | 82 83 |... 
—TV L— 

50271 155 77 | 34 35 | 50 feo aa yea esekee 
50272 156 Gi NG | WaseBINa | Hoes la SOL Oh Aces eee 

Ve 
50276 157 hy Lit | “29m sil estes V)Gaagk eeeee.ct 
50278 150)... \(v12) 16> | 20) 23e|) 6b i67 «|, SSeS we 
50296 160 7 6 | 29 23 | 57 55 | 84 84 [ooo 

c 35 

50297 160 g 8 {ior 35 {oF B60 It -S4reSB ils. eae 
50310 162 7 Te op aeelll GOm 7a" 80). Oo sl eee sae ees 
50312 152 6. | al 20) st Srd eral OOMO Te Ibe kate 
50314 Ibo |ne13? 13." | 825 23a tas Oe PAST 2860 lee se meceet 
50306 158 27, 29. | (56s 66n | S70 Olm | Meee —®: 

at “yy EV 
50284 164 Ter On oaee27 1 | nGs FERt | WaasGse a Reese oa 


34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——23 


354 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


mT 


Female. 
Neck. Body. 
Pestshest Ventrals. 
21+1V. 19+V. 21—V. 19—IV. 7 cont. 
50253 150 ho ahh 29 28 58 55 86°86. lai fcues.caee 
50257 153 8 9 23 23 72: 90,9) 9 Weer eee eeaaee 
50261 152 10 10 19 20 (onto 90:91, Qik eb eseues 
50262 150 Se wih 24 26 64 62 84 5850 Wi Soa 
1 157 6 4 26 32 62 57 88i GOS Wee ae coca 
50273 161 6 6 35 36 56 57 89° 89° Wee essee oe 
50279 156 7 4 22 24 74 74 06: “93 No)sSe nasser 
50292 150 Gie25 on 22 62 65 S50g86! «Nee cece ese 
50295 157 6 6 or 38 52 50 86° 8% Vexcoucmonee 
50298 152 Trregular. 20 26 54 51 Bo USTe accu descssee 
50308 154 (7 46 45 55 53 89) 85s lewis co eee 
50315 157 Sia 26 24 2 2 S790) tla ackareen ee 
1 Leiden Museum. 
SCALE FORMULA 19-17 (—IV). 
Neck. Body. 
Meera Sex. Ventrals. SSS 
21—IV. 19—IV. 17 cont. 
50256 | Male...... 157 a 6 S8br88iar IES sssce ke se 
50274 |= do.2---- 154 6 5 BORO L Se | excels oie oo) = 
50293 | Female 145 leat Le OS een nea eOSect 
50294 |. Obnsstce 150 (eid 847809 Elle eetises ce 
50805 |. .-d0....- =. 149 6 6 OO} (90 Wise et cc. 
SCALE FORMULA 19-17-15 (—IV, —III). 
Neck. Body. 
ber Sex. Vania /-———————= 
21—IV. 19—IV. 17—III. 15 cont. 
hea os 
50258 | Male.....- 153 2 2 (ne al 129) 142) 1) Socmeemeciar 
50299 ee -dOsecenc 159 7 82 83 SZ elOOu | Sce sameee see 
50302 |...do.......| 156 Gay fae, S4e Soin ATT alas eee eee 
BOSH. |e do-sas-2- 155 5 5 THO TIL nn sg ty As ee ee 
50289 | Female.... 145 6 6 80 82 122 121 PilSes esce esas 
b0303)|22-00-22.--2 149 6 6 Taye IPL SIS) OE ss5escace 


SCALE FORMULA 19-17-15-13-15 (IV, —III rt. —VI ur., —X, +X). 


No. 50275, female, ventrals 150. On the neck the IV row on 
the right and the V row on the left are suppressed at the level of the 
seventh ventral. On the body the IV row is suppressed on the right 
at the seventy-third, and the left at the seventy-fifth ventral, leav- 
ing 17 rows; the III row on the right at the one hundred and fifth, 
and the VI row on the left at the one hundred and fifteenth ventral 
are suppressed, leaving 15 rows; the row on either side of the median, 
the X, is suppressed on each side at the one hundred and tenth ven- 
tral, leaving 13 rows; these 13 rows continue to a little before the 
end of the body, when the X row reappears, on the right at the one 
hundred and thirty-eighth, and on the left at the one hundred and 
thirty-ninth ventral. 


no. 2051. VARIATIONS OF THAMNOPHIS ORDINOIDES—THOMPSON. 3855 


This specimen varies from the normal in four additional characters, 
the shields involved being the postoculars, the posterior temporals, 
the supralabials, and the urosteges. This is the largest number of 
variations found in a single specimen. It also possesses the lowest 
number of scale rows, 13, that has been recorded in this species. 
The reduction is brought about by the suppression of the scale row 
adjoining the median. Doctor Ruthven has demonstrated that the 
normal sequence of suppression in Thamnophis, in terms of the max- 
imum number of rows, 23, for the genus is the V, VI, IV, and VII 
rows.!. These are adjoining rows, whereas the reduction in this speci- 
men from 15 to 13 rows was brought about not by the suppression 
of an adjoining row, but by that of one several series away, the one 
next to the median. Some 10 species of Dipsadomorphine have been 
examined and where the scale formula was 21-19-17, 19-17-15, or 
17-15-13 the sequence of suppression was first a lateral row, the IV, 
and then the row adjoining the median; or the sequence was reversed, 
and the row adjoining the median was the first to be suppressed 
followed by the row on the flank. 

BILATERALLY ASYMMETRICAL. 


No. 50260, male, ventrals 163. Anteriorly there are 19 rows. On 
the right side the V row is absent; on the left side it is very short, 
as it begins at the level of the thirty-ninth gastrostege and is sup- 
pressed at the forty-second. Over this segment of the body there 
are 20 rows, and posterior to it the count of 19 is resumed. The IV 
row is suppressed on the right at the eighty-sixth and on the left 
at the eighty-fifth gastrostege, leaving 17 rows, which are continued 
throughout. It will be noted that this series of three scales in the 
V row on the left side is an intermediate condition between the 
normal 19-21-19-17 type and the reduced 19-17 type. 

No. 50313, male, ventrals 157. On the neck the IV row is sup- 
pressed on the right at the fifth and on the left side at the sixth 
ventral. Anteriorly there are 19 rows; on the right side the V row 
is absent, on the left it begins at the thirty-fifth, and is suppressed 
at the forty-first ventral; over this short segment of the body 
there are 20 rows. Posteriorly the IV row is suppressed on the 
right at the eighty-third and on the left at the eighty-second ventral, 
leaving 17 rows which are continuous throughout. It will be noted 
that this specimen closely approaches the 19-17 type except for the 
short series of scales in the V row on the left side, which extends over 
the space of but 6 ventrals. 


OTHER VARIATIONS. 


Besides the variations in the scale formule the specimens vary in 
eight additional dermal characters. The shields involved are the pre- 
oculars, the postoculars, the anterior temporals, the posterior tempo- 
rals, the supralabials, the infralabials, the anal, and the urosteges. 


1 Bull. 61, U. 8. Nat. Mus., p. 17. 


356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


VARIATION IN PREOCULARS. 


The normal condition is a single preocular. Where two exist it 
is due to the fragmentation of the lower one-third of the normal 
shield. In many normal specimens the lower one-third of the shield 
is indented at the margins and is lighter in color. 


Per cent. 
dWejascl | a re en ee ee Oe eS eat ea ae. 86 
fea oeyMamMe teal... 22s. fe ae ee een ene ae Ee ee 10 
> Von Pag Sire Lee le le St ge eae See Reales Res kt Mei eee Aer 4 


VARIATION IN POSTOCULARS. 


The normal condition is three shields. Where two exist it is due 
to the fusing of the normal middle and lower shields and where 
there are four it is due to the normal lower shield being horizontally 
divided. In some normal specimens the lower shield is enlarged and 
shows traces of a tendency to become divided. 


Per cent 

SUMOMMALS = se oe. ere ae Se ee rete ete io 6 cars eS oe ee 80 

Soo paymimnetricals se. nsec eee see ene eee 8 ee Sin cr eee 10 

Ss as VRC LEICA Ss. on = eel Ce a ee rere Sarton 6 

D bila teralcc eS ase ee ee Bee ad SSE eee 2 

Apilaterall..- cc s52 se Bee AS ae re ee aetna, onto 2 
VARIATION IN ANTERIOR TEMPORALS. 

Per cent. 

Dinormal 224. 06'S Fe tes ee es a terete atten eens eee Ae 94 

i=) asyanmetrica 225 is ese cas ee ete ie 4 

Zibilateralesseass see a4 2 -5- Be ee By Se Sere oes iS Bhs 2 
VARIATION IN POSTERIOR TEMPORALS. 

Per cent. 

Dr normals Sasol aoe ee ea ee d= Seg SS Be 8 es a ee ees ees ee 82 

28 APY TAMING aT Co oe 5 fa Spire kee ee eae ee 12 

S Dilateralcsec sts so aces ee te Se ore Pee ena oy eee es ae 6 


VARIATION IN SUPRALABIALS. 


The normal condition is to have 8 supralabials with the fourth 
and fifth entering the eye. Where the number is reduced to 7 it is 
due to the fusing of the normal second and third shields; in this 
type the third and fourth enter the eye. Where the count is in- 
creased to 9 it is due to the dividing of the normal eighth shield into 
2 in which the posterior is the smaller. 


Per cent. 
8 mormaleesseass eo os ae eee eae eee ee eee ee 94 
87 asyminetricale: 22 Si 023. see se eae ae eee eee 4 
8-9 asymmetrical 2... 2.4 22229 225 tee seeeee  eee e 2 


VARIATION IN INFRALABIALS. 


The normal condition is to have 10 infralabials. Where the num- 
ber is increased to 11 it is due to the normal fourth shield being 
divided. Where it is decreased to 9 it is due to the normal third 
and fourth shields (83 per cent), the normal seventh and eighth 


no. 2051. VARIATIONS OF THAMNOPHIS ORDINOIDES—THOMPSON. 357 


shields (16 per cent), or the normal eighth and ninth shields (50 
per cent) being fused. Where the count has been still further 
reduced to 8, it has been due to the normal third and fourth shields 
and the normal eighth and ninth shields being fused. 


Per cent. 
NL OPMOTMS eee ees sae ee Ee Seg Seren ann eS en Sdn ca ctat 74 
OSG asa bricaleme sake ase ite Meret ey Mee tess ems Spa nace 6 
LO GlapyanMetricalyces ema. Aero tects uate tr ein eikauan oe eR cies UNS 12 
LUDO Esra ti bhae Ver Wa Gerry URpapa sk LA page GR glia eee AD apd PR a 2 
Sibilateralsa cere ae ema are Me Aes e acs ened male el gti hye Meee 4 
GES ASV MIMOURICH sence cian anise ee Sale ere ates fae a ak 2 

VARIATION IN ANAL. 

Per cent. 
SEITIGIT Cee espe tee an eine See ys Wek ce Meta era oY Steere LUE tn uiNde Clee 90 
ID WKiAUG KY Lares emt ons Sey ar aE tear ee ere ee Re Pe 10 


VARIATION IN UROSTEGES. 


The normal condition is for the urosteges to be paired throughout. 
Many occur in which there are from one to four entire shields; an- 
other peculiarity is that these are confined to the first half dozen at 
the base of the tail. 


; Per cent. 
POUT E Clee ys ects eS crs Leal Lia Ws Oat Sad aya J dn gi vey ae 72 
Th tay 2) Gao sls ee Ree ee ere ae ie ee eae Ceeenrme nee es ees em ee 28 


Extracting from these data shows that the following may be assumed 
to be the normal conditions: 


Per cent. 
DCRICTOWSS. soot ene Be nciaty ns aia ee ea sao 19-21-19-17 66 
IPFEOCUMAT eames trys tre ee ee cee eae eee il 86 
IRostocularsa: --=-eeee ee Ws Ee Pie ek a Ee ee 3 80 
AAMTEFION tem poralse (she. 2. ole Le ta Seen Epc es ean 1 94 
Posteriontemporalsi aos. 8 ocisee oe le sacs ayaa 3 2 82 
Supralabiale: (22255 2 aoe ee ae eee 8 94 
imniralabia iste se sen NE RRET A Deeg eni nee hia ee arn oe 10 74 
WAT Patsy settee yee ner a ars nate See Se SS SSE entire 90 
UG SFER Es eS 5 oe ek see ne ones peeeee sedges aase paired 72 


The following table shows the percentage of normal individuals 
and the percentage of those that are abnormal in one or more charac- 
ters: 


Per cent. 
INoxmaleimnval characters s sca eee eye eee ae ee eis 14 
Atbnonmalamyone charactersssesr eee eee Ee eee ete eee ene 44 
INDHOMENS LAM TWO. Characters. -o2: Jace snot ae skein nee eee 20 
Abnorm lene tareercharre terse ses aee cece see eee eee ee eee 14 
PAlpnormalainstoumeharacterssses oc aes eee eee ee oe ee ee 6 
Aibnormaleingiyercharacterssasssecn eee ee seca aee eee ae eee eee 2 


An inspection of the above tables does not evidence any grouping 
of the variations. There is apparently no tendency for a variation 
from the normal in one character to be associated with a variation 
in another character. 


358 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


SUMMARY OF VARIATIONS.! 


Oculars. | Temporals. Labials. 
ee Sex. Scales. $< | | Anal.) Urosteges. 
Pre. | Post.| Ant. | Post.| Supra. | Infra. 

50283 | Male....| 21-19-17....... Dilsae mos lee enee seonns teereines 10-11 yal oases anes nls 
50304 | Female .|....-. Ose cane nal tee cod seems | ot waes beaten (bene emee | aeaeeeeeeel Remeere I-IV 
60300) |222dote=- 2-2 .-2 (0 Se A eee) PCE ee Rae Reese porecee sereceenee| seas Rosooscnersce 
50254 Maleeat 3119-21-19-1 cesses cls ecenlee secs 7S el See eeksl Sse ee coemc acho oosasesascs 
0259 [22 2doLss22|5 5... Ol ccafesiaelacemnte 2-3 swiss alsmenee 8-7 10=19 es See IiI-V 
50203) |5nedOencs lance e 0 (se S| eS AE ae eon Se Be Scena eres cee Mosse bocsecquutoc 
0264 | Sdot cess. se (3 (0 Re eee (ED ei Pe Ree rae Memoc eae 10- 9 > Il-IV 
Vy. aha Peaks eee ae GO ss sca cel Baltes ole secs Bee ee Cole oe a Ae Cee eee eee 
BO266 ie doe ac oc ce co Lo pea nee MaDe Psa se ts Sai] a's oa) aaeere ere las wicteie einen | eee] eee aera 
HOZBTAlsanGO. ceslasman Co Ko ee | set | er ae eee Qa.8) | 2c. Sal Shaceset ene 
§0268) 1h 2does -sieece- C0 ft eee ee ae ot On ol ae eae paces soead Beceoscre aoc 
50269) 2 “dove seste ase Oe ee oe re eee ones a ee ae Pees Oa seas ae ee 
BOZO dose a| eee dois Da ace lcemce mewn pot eacne lon ememnioes Se PES See 
BOQ es <dO ous ccne (6 (iS eae el ene Oral scan sleewene| case et es OR Seaas- Ut 
BO272) |S sdozecealeanse CO a ae ee | ae Be ae | rie le eke ce pelecemer lemme eee 
50276) |neadOrcee al nasse GO sccccee | beeen a2 eee Uae cal odacececen [satires eeeeneeeer 
BO2(8 1-2. doe alesene GOS. eee Sa ee aE a ees (Soe oot lacsasec coe |poneee II-III 
502849 |eeedo seen aaaee (0 (a eee see EE pl eer Seba 8 eens 8-7 (Tl Bec IIl-Iv 
BOQ Nee eGOsceceleemin DOE ee eF aaa ee ae EAS ES a Sh iss oc 2 Sl cin aico Serieisieaetatere 
0207 jo. does. SSeS: 6 Co apis Aree [8 ee a ee bee et ee eee Il 
LH 9 Ye LCG Ue ee 6 Co Rey ape ea a BO RG onc besaseee BEAD OBGEae COA facsasscas=s 
FS 1p ful Rak (1 ope Deere « (0 Pe ee Peete A Ie oe | Lecacs| boccatos beeeemmece Meee Boéscuescostc 
BOS T4 RE dO-22 a |eeece (aac Beseor ae ee es Fal Bacla woes clo aoe are Sscemeeeneee 
50806) 122. d02.co-lecee. GO? oes Sa aE CERRO EA cee ctc a alcatertae lil 
50253 | Female .|..... GSS saan Bosra Honsos Dies eee ae eee ome oe 4 | Glebesteseee 
50257; |=. d0ssecs|neeee doss-s--- 1-2 el eae Sulaaacseee 1 6 Ee ee ects 
E17 0} kel bap 0 Coveney ly (eee 6 Ca eee Sel er PT ee ease te Socsace ORV i. Socc| Soesee eee 


19-17-15-13..-.. 
.| Asymmetrical. 
do 


1 For the sake of clearness the normal records are indicated by dashes. 
2 Specimen in the Leyden museum. 


no. 2051. VARIATIONS OF THAMNOPHIS ORDINOIDES—THOMPSON. 359 


POSITION OF THE VISCERA. 


The external landmarks of the principal viscera, in terms of gas- 
trosteges, are as foliows: 


Saves Sty Se pe Se a een ean Male. Female. 
a eet BE re eee a 

ScalowowSeaccwcece aesee ee 19-21-19-17 19-21-19-17 

Gastrosteges!.. 2225-5 ecine 157 | 153 | 150 | 163 | 159 | 155 | 164 } 150 | 153 | 152 | 150 | 161 | 156 147 
Heartiape xe: senses see sce 29 29 26 27 28 28 27 27 28 27 26 28 26 29 
IVeLs tl Dinct coc secccecte ec $8"! 40) 32'| 35 | 36) 36) 37] 36] 36) 35] 35] 37] 34 39 
Wiverjends: An -tass22 ec ose 72 | 73 | 60| 67} 69) 66| 70| 71} 69] 65] 59) 71) 62 69 
@allibladders esac eaeaece 83] 851 78| 82] 87) 80| 86) 82] 86} 84] 79] 86) 79 86 
Kidney, teht tip. sos.se.eee 109 |} 106 | 92] 101] 104] 98 | 111 | 107 | 107 | 110 | 108] 109} 111 | 107 
Kidney, right end.......... 128 | 127 | 104 | 127 } 131 | 127 | 127 | 129 | 126 | 128 | 125 | 131 | 131 125 
Kidney wlettitipce.c. sce + 120 | 114 | 120 | 116 | 116 | 131 } 120 | 116 | 117 | 121 | 120 } 120 | 124 117 
Kidney, left end .-.......... 138 | 139 | 136 | 144 | 142 | 141 | 142 | 129 | 135 | 137 | 133 | 144] 141 | 134 


U.S.N.M. number. ....-... -|50256/50258)50259/50260| 50263 pean 50253|50257|50261 |50262)/50273)50279|50291 


jal | 


In this table are recorded specimens in which the scale formula 
is 19-21-19-17, the normal for this particular geographical region. 
If compared with the two previous tables for the normal scale formula 
several points of interest may be elicited. The V row is usually 
added, giving the maximum count of 21 rows, at the level of the base 
of the heart, and becomes suppressed beyond the posterior half of the 
liver where that organ begins to taper. The IV row is very con- 
stantly suppressed, leaving 17 rows, just posterior to the gall bladder. 

There is no variation from the normal position of the viscera in 
specimens with the abnormal or less frequently occurring scale 
formule. Where the count is 19-17, the IV row is usually suppressed, 
exactly as in those with the normal formula, a little behind the gall 
bladder. 

As to the length of the spinal column, it is clear that whatever 
increase or decrease in the number of dorsal vertebra that takes place 
in an individual specimen is brought about by the addition or sub- 
traction of vertebre in that part of the column that is between the 
posterior end of the left kidney and the base of the tail. 


HABITAT. 


The Sausalito Peninsula is bounded on the east by San Francisco 
Bay and on the west by the Pacific Ocean; it is about 10 km. long 
and.5 km. wide. The hills, many of which reach an altitude of from 
200 to 300 meters, are almost bare of trees. The valleys are deeply 
eroded and are clothed with fairly dense groves of laurel, scrub oaks, 
manzanita, and willows. In all the canyons the brooks cease to flow 
during the dry season, but in places water continues to trickle and 
there are many damp spots and a few water holes. 


3860 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


FOOD. 


There is a big salamander population, but the frogs and toads are 
very scarce. As the garter-snakes do not eat the salamanders, and 
as there are not enough frogs to support them, it proved instructive 
to look into their food supply. This was found to consist almost 
entirely of large slugs, of the genus Ariolimaz. One specimen had 
eaten a small rodent, and another had devoured two young of its 
own species. 

This diet of slugs, eked out with an occasional indulgence in canni- 
balism, is an interesting example of the straits a species may be 
brought to when its normal food supply is not obtainable. 


RESULTS OF THE YALE-PERUVIAN EXPEDITION OF 1911. 
ADDENDUM TO THE HYMENOPTERA ICHNEUMONOIDEA. 


By P. R. Myers, 
Aid, Division of Insects, United States National Museum. 


The two specimens represented in the description of this species 
came from some additional material submitted for study after the 
report? by Mr. H. L. Viereck was written. 


TRACHYSPHYRUS VENUSTUS, new species. 


Ty pe-locality.—Coropuna, Peru, 14,500 feet. 

Type-speciemen.—Cat. No. 18186, U.S.N.M. 

Male.—Length, 12mm. Head shining and very finely shagreened; 
sides of face below broadly white, the white narrowly extending 
upward along inner orbits to a point slightly above the base of the 
frontal pit; clypeus, mandibles, malar space black with indistinct 
metallic purplish reflections and very sparsely punctured; cheeks 
highly polished and white with few widely separated punctures and 
hairs; front black with metallic purplish reflections; vertex black 
with metallic reflections and two small white spots; area between 
ocelli sparsely punctured; eyes black; palpi black; scape black, with 
indistinct purplish reflections and sparsely punctured, about three- 
fourths as long as the first joint of flagel; flagel reddish to fuscous at 
apex, first joint distinctly longer than second, second same length as 
third; pronotum purplish and somewhat indistinctly, coarsely 
striated; mesonotum purplish, shining, sparsely punctured except a 
medial area running back from anterior margin, which is closely punc- 
tured and bronzy purplish colored; parapsidal grooves and suture on 
apical margin bronzy purplish colored; mesopleure purplish with 
bronzy purplish reflections and coarsely rugose; a small smooth, 
shining area with a few punctures at base of pleurse just above the 
sternauli; scutellar fovea bronzy purplish colored; scutel purple, 
smooth and shining with a few punctures; metanotum coarsely 
rugose, purplish with bronzy purplish reflections; propodeum coarsely 
rugose, bronzy purplish with greenish bronze reflections; all coxe 
purplish with bronzy purplish reflections; anterior and middle 
femora, tibia, and trochanters bluish with purplish reflections. 


1Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 44, p. 469. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 47—No. 2052. 
361 


362 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47. 


Tarsi reddish; claws fuscous; hind femora dark reddish with bronzy 
purplish reflections, darker inside than outside especially toward the 
apex and base where it is nearly black; tibise and spurs reddish; tarsi 
and claws black except fourth joint which is whitish; first abdominal 
segment and base of second purplish, remainder of second and all of 
third violaceous; remainder of abdomen white; claspers black; wings 
dark fuscous with violaceous reflections; petiole smooth and polished, 
remainder of abdomen finely shagreened. 

Paratype with purplish and bluish reflections; apex of third joint of 
hind tarsi as well as fourth segment white; hind femora uniformly 
reddish, two small white spots on vertex are replaced by a white band. 


A NEW PEARLY FRESHWATER MUSSEL OF THE GENUS 
HYRIA FROM BRAZIL. 


By L. S. Frierson, 


Of Frierson, Louisiana. 


While looking over the Lea collection in the United States National 
Museum the shell to be described below was noted, the label attached 
to it being “ Hyria corrugata, from the Amazon River, Brazil, from 
Captain Brown.” It differs so much from that species indeed as to 
be only placed in Hyria on account of the radial beak sculpture, and 
epidermis. The shell resembles, perhaps, the Prisodon brownianus 
Lea more than it does the ordinary Hyrias, but that shell is smooth, 
and the teeth differ considerably. The shell is decidedly novel, and 
really appears to be a contiecting link between the genera Hyria and 
Diplodon. (It is not impossible that this species may be the “ Hyria 
humilis Troschel,”’ unpublished so far as I am aware, a species said 
to be from Guiana, and referred to by Wiegmann in 1847, the name 
being suggestive.) 

HYRIA AMAZONIA, new species. 
Plate 12. 

Shell small, solid, triangular, inflated. Length, 4; height, 2.7; 
diameter, 2 cm., narrow in front, and almost square with the base, 
which is straight almost to the posterior end, where there is a hint at 
a sulcus. The dorsum is nearly straight, rising into a slight wing, 
which in the type-specimen is just behind the middle. The posterior 
end descends rapidly to the rounded posterior point. The beaks are 
heavily radiately corrugated, breaking up in the center of the shell 
into pustulations, and becoming smooth next to the margin. Epi- 
dermis dull reddish brown, without other markings. The cavity of 
the shell is tray shaped, beak cavities very shallow. In the left valve 
there are two laterals, short, and remote from the cardinals, of which 
there is one low, compressed, and nearly vertical, in front, and a hint 
of another just beneath the beak. In the right valve there is one 
lateral and one low ragged split-up cardinal. The protractor-pedis 
scar is either absent or placed above the adductor scar, and is very 
small, confluent behind. Nacre white and purplish (somewhat dis- 
eased in the center of the type-specimen). 

Type.—Cat. No. 83877, U.S.N.M. 


Proceepinas U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 47—No. 2053. 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 12 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


HYRIA AMAZONIA FRIERSON. 


For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 363. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES AND GENERA OF 
LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO. 


By Harrison G. Dyar, 
Custodian of Lepidoptera, United States National Museum. 


This is the fourth paper! dealmg with new Lepidoptera from Mexico 
which have recently been incorporated in the collections of the 
National Museum. The material was received almost entirely from 
Mr. William Schaus and Mr. Roberto Miiller. 

The present paper comprises descriptions of 135 new species, 1 
new subspecies, 20 new genera, and references to the synonymy of 
7 previously known species. 


Family AGAPETIDAE. 


Genus EUPTYCHIA Hiibner. 
EUPTYCHIA SUIVALENS, new species. 


Dark brown with slight ocherous tint; fore wimg unmarked in the 
male, with two reddish bands and a bent discal mark close to sub- 
costal in the female. Hind wing of male with two or three black 
shaded submarginal spots, of the female with the spots more distinct 
and an irregularly angled and dentate median line, not attaining the 
margin and followed by a light shade. Below the fore wing with two 
reddish bands and discal mark as in the female above; also a crenulate 
submarginal line, beyond which the ground color is deep brown. 
Hind wing deep brown with two red-brown lines; the inner angled 
on vein 5 and median vein, the outer doubled, yellowish filled, angled 
on subcostal and the yellow spreading out to apex, squarely dis- 
located on veins 2-4; beyond it a light purplish area; a submarginal 
silver line forming two loops at veins 1-3, followed by two oval 
ocelli, black, yellow ringed, with double, outwardly eccentric silver 
ares, then two elongate pure silver spots without edges or pupils, 
situated in the interspaces of veins 5-7. Expanse, 37-40 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16476, U.S.N.M.; San Buena Ventura, Puebla, 
Mexico, May, 1913 (R. Miller). Also four males and one female, 
Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus collection). 


1 The preceding papers were published as follows: 
No. 1742, Proceedings United States National Museum, vol. 38, pp. 229-273, June 7, 1910. 
No. 1885, Proceedings United States National Museum, vol. 42, pp. 39-106, Mar. 6, 1912. 
No. 1951, Proceedings United States National Museum, vol. 44, pp. 279-324, Feb. 11, 1913. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 47—No. 2054. 265 


366 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


Family RIODINIDAE. 
Genus ANCYLURIS Hutibner. 


ANCYLURIS INCA MORA, new subspecies. 


Female Band of fore wing narrower than in inca Saunders and 
terminating at vein 2; spot on costa of hind wing smaller and shorter. 

Males.—Band of fore wing oblique, reaching tornus. Hind wing 
with no yellow above; beneath with a small white spot near tornus 
and a larger orange one above it. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16441, U.S.N.M.; Santa Rosa, 
Vera Cruz, Mexico, August, 1906 (W. Schaus). 


Family HESPERIIDAE. 
Genus MYSCELUS Hiibner. 


MYSCELUS PERISSODORA, new species. 


Dark red-brown, scarcely bronzy; fore wing with the costa shaded 
with black over cell, the veins black; three large hyaline spots across 
middle of wing, a quadrate one in cell, somewhat larger rectangular 
one below vein 3 and a triangular one below vein 2; a subapical 
row of hyaline spots, five in a curved row, the upper three wedge- 
shaped, progressively larger, then a small one, then a narrow one; 
two spots below, the upper notched, the lower rounded, separated 
by vein 4. Hind wing red-brown with central dusky shaded band. 
Beneath the fore wing is blackish, the spots repeated, the base light 
yellow nearly to the band of spots. Hind wing black, the basal half 
pale yellow, cut by a black bar on inner margin and followed by some 
scattered yellow scales. Palpi beneath, pectus, legs and base of 
abdomen pale yellow. Expanse, 52 mm. 

Type.—No. 15454, U.S.N.M.; Misantla, Mexico, June, 1912 (R. 
Miiller). 

Genus PARATRYTONE Godman. 


PARATRYTONE APHRACTOIA, new species. 


Brown-black; fore wing with an oblique quadrate yellow-hyaline 
spot in the end of the cell, three small ones beyond, closely continuous 
in line, a narrow one above vein 1, large one above vein 2 and small 
one above vein 3, there in an oblique line; male brand oblique from 
vein 1 to 3, black, surrounded by a black area. Hind wing with four 
yellow spots in a straight row between veins 1b and 5, alternatingly 
large and small. Beneath, fore wing with the markings repeated, 
the lower spot elongated and white; a black shade in disk. Hind 
wing dark red shaded, the spots repeated in white and in addition 
three others, one in cell, two on costa, these small. Expanse, 32 mm. 

Type-—Male, No. 16442, U.S.N.M.; Popocatopetl Park, 13,000 
feet, Mexico (W. Schaus). 


NO, 2054. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 867 


Genus OCHLODES Scudder. 
OCHLODES SAMENTA, new species. 


Black-brown, a little bronzy shaded; male brand black, oblique, 
from vein 1 to 3; three spots beyond it, the one above vein 1 narrow, 
above 2 transverse, both yellow, the one above vein 3 quadrate, 
partly hyaline; three minute hyaline costo-subapical spots. Hind wing 
with a band of three joined fulvous spots across the disk between veins 
2 and 7 or a little beyond. Beneath, fore wing with the spots repeated, 
enlarged, the lower cuneiform and fulvous; disk black. Hind wing 
brown, the band repeated im carneous gray, running from 1b to 
costa with projections on the outer side and a smaller straight band 
across subbasally, followed by a dark shade. Expanse, 30 mm. 

Cotypes.—Three males, No. 16443, U.S.N.M.; Sierra de Guerreo, 
Mexico, May, 1911, and December, 1912 (R. Miller); Guadalajara, 
Mexico (W. Schaus). 


Genus THORYBES Scudder. 
THORYBES UVYDIXA, new species. 


Dark brown, overspread with light chocolate over two-thirds of 
fore wing and all but margins of hind wing. Fore wing with yellowish 
white spots, forming a straight line from middle of costa toward 
tornus, two minute subcostal, a constricted broken hour-glass 
shaped one in cell, emarginate larger one above vein 2 and small one 
below it; a narrow spot beyond the line above vein 3 and a partly 
obsolete curved row of five subapically; fringe checkered black and 
pale. Beneath fore wing black on the disk, yellowish below vein 2; 
spots repeated in white, enlarged, the apex powdered with white 
and showing a submarginal row of white powdery lunules; hind 
wing black, white powdered, heavier outwardly, the outer half nearly 
solidly milky, relieving two narrow, very irregular mesial black 
lines, of which the inner is connected with three rounded gray areas 
and another of these areas is situated below costa before the middle. 
Fringe dark with a black basal line, slightly checkered. Expanse, 
48 mm. 

Type.—No. 18191, U.S.N.M.; Sierra de Guerrero, Mexico, June, 
1913 (R. Miller). 

Genus PHOLISORA Seudder. 
PHOLISORA SMODORA, new species. 


Deep black; head touched with greenish yellow, collar golden 
behind; fore wing with an outer row of nine small elongate white 
spots across the wing, strongly excurved over cell; no other marking. 
Below deep black, a little shining, unicolorous, the veins not con- 
trasted. Palpi beneath, pectus and venter of abdomen white. 
Expanse, 27 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 18192, U.S.N.M.; Sierra de Guerrero, Mexico, 
June, 1913 (R. Miiller). 


368 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 
SO er eae a eee Se a 


Family LITHOSIIDAE. 
NUDUR, new genus. 


Fore wing with 10 veins, 3 from before angle of cell, 4, 5 from cross 
vein, 6 from apex of cell, 7 to 10 coincident, 11 free. Hind wing with 
3 from close to angle of cell, 5 from center of cross vein, 6 and 7 coin- 
cident, 8 from beyond middle of cell. Hind tibia with 4 small spurs; 
palpi slender, porrect; tongue well developed. 

Type of the genus.— Nudur fractivittarum, new species. 


NUDUR FRACTIVITTARUM, new species. 


Fore wing ocher yellow, stained with red around the markings; 
markings dark slate color; a straight band from base to middie of 
outer margin, starting from a small basal costal mark; a short band 
at base on inner margin and another before tornus; two oblique 
bands on costa, starting as straight costal dots, then abruptly swept 
outward at inner and outer thirds, respectively. Hind wing dark 
rosy with small dark rounded patch at apex. Expanse, 18 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15455, U.S.N.M., Misantla, Mexico, May, 1912 


(R. Miller). 
Genus AFRIDA Mosehler. 


AFRIDA COAGULATA, new species. 


Fore wing silvery white; a purplish brown, black-edged patch on 
costa at base; a large quadrate one on middle of costa; a large one 
on outer margin extending inward centrally; six broken, angular, 
black lines arising from inner margin to cell; two dots on costa before 
apex. Hind wing whitish, stained with gray, especially in discal dot 
and margin. Expanse, 18-21 mm. 

Cotypes—Male and female, No. 15456, U.S.N.M.; Tehuacan, 
Mexico, September, 1908 (R. Miller); Oaxaca, Mexico (Schaus 


collection). 
AFRIDA ZOEPHILA, new species. 


Fore wing silvery white; no basal dark patch, the costal area a 
little luteous stained within the irregular broken black inner line; 
central costal patch rounded below, purple brown, black outlined; 
marginal patch large, extending inward centrally, edged with black 
dots and dashes; two angular lines below cell, diverging on vein 1, 
the space between them luteous stained. Hind wing smoky fuscous 
throughout. Expanse, 15 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 15457, U.S.N.M.; Orizaba, Mexico, 
July, 1910 (R. Miller); Juan Vinas, Costa Rica (W. Schaus). 

AFRIDA ZOLDA, new species. 

Fore wing silvery white, without basal or costal dark patches; 
marginal patch large, produced inward centrally; inner line irregular, 
angled and broken; outer line sharply angled subcostally, then 
nearly even and close to marginal patch, broken below; two dashes 


No. 2054. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 369 


on costa before apex, forming a broken arc; some dots and dashes 
in upper edge of the marginal patch. Hind wing fuscous shaded, 
darker on the apex. Expanse, 18 mm. 

Type-—Female, No. 15458, U.S.N.M.; Oaxaca, Mexico (Schaus 


collection). 
‘ Family ARCTITDAE. 


Genus HYALARCTIA Hampson. 


HYALARCTIA TEPICA, new species. 


Pale yellow, translucent, except along costa and inner margin of 
fore wing; veins of fore wing narrowly lined with black. Head and 
collar ocher, two small black points on collar and one on each pata- 
cium. Black lines on front side of fore and mid legs. Expanse, 
39 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16444, U.S.N.M.; Itapa, near Tepic, Mexico 
(R. Miller). 

Family NOCTUIDAE. 


Subfamily AGROTINAE. 
Genus AGROTIS Ochsenheimer. 
AGROTIS CHABAUDANA, new species. 


Collar black, with a yellow-white line in front, widening to the 
sides. Fore wing slaty gray with only a trace of brown, the costa 
broadly yellow clay color to before the outer line; a black wedge at 
base; cell filled in with black before and between the stigmata; orbicu- 
lar and reniform large, of the ground color, defined by narrow pale 
lines, open below; inner line smooth, pale, incurved in an are across 
submedian space; outer line smooth, pale, faintly dark edged, ex- 
curved from costa, subparallel to outer margin below; a pale ter- 
minal line. Hind wing pale at base, fuscous shaded outwardly, with 
dark discal spot and outer line. Expanse, 40 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16477, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, June, 
1913 (R. Miller). 

Named in honor of Mr. Roberto Miiller’s correspondent in Zacual- 
pan, State of Mexico, near the frontier of Guerrero, Mr. Alfredo 
Chabaud. 


AGROTIS DELICATESSA, new species. 


Collar black beyond base. Fore wing brown, the color clear in 
basal space and beyond outer line, shaded with blackish centrally; 
costa grayish clay-color to outer line; a black wedge at base; cell 
filled with black before and between the stigmata; orbicular creamy 
brown, rounded below, open above and joined to a narrow line below 
costal stripe running to base; claviform black-outlined, pale brown 
filled; reniform brown with pale edge within and narrow biack one 
without; inner line smooth, blackish, double, incurved across sub- 

34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——24 


370 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


median space; outer line black, denticulate, faintly doubled, ex- 
curved a little over veins 2-5; subterminal line pale, flexuous, with 
a blackish mark on the costa. Hind wing whitish, shaded with gray 
on veins and costa; a round discal dot and traces of outer line. 
Expanse, 33 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16478, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, May, 1913 
(R. Miller). 

Genus UFEUS Grote. 


UFEUS LURA, new species. 


Dark violaceous brown, finely blackish irrorate, the space beyond 
the outer line a little paler; veins and lines black; inner line distinct 
only below the cell, pale-edged inwardly, forming a strong angle 
outward on submedian fold and a sharp one inward on vein 1; outer 
line pointed on the veins, followed by pale, bent at right angles just 
below costa and parallel to it for a short distance, then roundedly 
excurved and becoming parallel to outer margin. Hind wing uni- 
form smoky fuscous. Expanse, 38 mm. 

Type—Male, No. 16479, U.S.N.M.; Mexico City, Mexico, June, 
1913 (R. Miller). 

Genus TIMORA Walker. 


TIMORA TESSIPTA, new species. 


Pale yellow; head and part of thorax tinged with pink; fore wing 
pale yellow, a broad subterminal band of pink from apex to tornus, 
curving a little and leaving a rather wide terminal space of the yellow 
ground color; a short band at base along submedian fold, and a 
narrower one in lower part of cell. Hind wing blackish, paler at 
base and costa. Expanse, 20 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 18193, U.S.N.M.; Tehaucan, Mexico, September, 
1913 (R. Miiller). 


Subfamily HADHNINAE. 
Genus MISELIA Hubner. 


MISELIA VERRUCA, new species. 


Fore wing blackish gray; a black dash at base, cutting the black 
subbasal half line; inner line black, partly relieved by white borders, 
forming three ares; claviform black, pointed, touching the outer line; 
orbicular minute, circular; reniform white, with black central mark; 
outer line obsolete above, lightened by white borders below; a row 
of black dashes along costa; subterminal line white, wavy, powdery; 
an oblique black dash above tornus. Hind wing whitish, shaded 
with fuscous along the veins outwardly and on margin. Expanse, 
22 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15461, U.S.N.M.; Tehuacan, Mexico, Septem- 
ber, 1912 (R. Miller). 


NO. 2054. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. UL 


MISELIA CENTROCHLORA, new species. 


Fore wing light gray tinged with violaceous; median space shaded 
with dark olive, fully below the cell, between the stigmata through 
the cell to costa; claviform covered by a blackish shade; basal field 
nearly clear of markings; orbicular and reniform annular, the orbi- 
cular of the ground color, the reniform with a concentric olive ring; 
inner line black, slender, arcuate; outer line excurved over cell in a 
sharp point, running nearly to the subterminal line; subterminal line 
pale with dusky edge, flexuous, faint; margin stained with olive. 
Hind wing sordid whitish, the margin broadly fuscous. Expanse, 
26 to 29 mm. 

In the female the central dark olive shade is absent, showing an 
elliptical black-edged claviform; submarginal space violaceous 
shaded. Expanse, 32 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, one female, No. 15462, U.S.N.M.; Misantla, 
Mexico, December, 1911, January, 1912 (R. Miiller). 


Genus ERIOPYGA Guenée. 


ERIOPYGA ECCARSIA, new species. 


Fore wing black, shining, the only marking visible being the large, 
distinct reniform, which is oblique, narrow, white, annular, with a 
slight indentation on the outer side; some small white specks on 
costa toward apex. Hind wing whitish at the base, shaded with 
blackish over apex and outwardly. Expanse, 26 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16446, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, August, 
1909 (R. Miiller). 


ERIOPYGA MONOPIS, new species. 


All blackish, the only distinct marking being the upright oval 
white reniform; other marks very faint; orbicular somewhat more 
leaden than the ground; outer and subterminal lines traceable, dark, 
even, and parallel to outer margin. Hind wing fuscous, lighter over 
the disk to base, showing a dark discal spot. Expanse, 31 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16481, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, June, 1913 
(R. Miller). 


ERIOPYGA STICTIPENNA, new species. 


Antenne of male pectinated; dark brown, with white dots along 
costa and outer line, giving a dotted appearance; reniform white, 
broken; other lines inconspicuous, inner and outer double, paler- 
filled, wavy, subterminal pale, forming two arcs; claviform and 
orbicular outlined in black, rounded. Hind wing with dark dot in 
end of cell, pale over disk, veins and margin fuscous, fringe white. 
Expanse, 25 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16447, U.S.N.M.; Tehuacan, Mexico, September, 
1910 (R. Miller). 


52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


ERIOPYGA DIPLOPIS, new species. 


Thorax blackish, collar rusty brown. Fore wing blackish, the 
lines obsolete; reniform distinct, white, with a rusty yellow broad 
inner edge; orbicular large, black-edged, somewhat oblique, filled 
with the ground color; an irregular shaded and dentate black sub- 
terminal line from costa, then obsolete. Some black between the 
stigmata in the female, none in the male. Hind wing whitish through 
the center, costa fuscous, darker in the female than in the male. 
Expanse, male, 28 mm.; female, 27 mm. 

Cotypes——Male and female, No 16480, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, 
Mexico, June and July, 1913 (R. Miller). 


ERIOPYGA XERA, new species. 


Blackish brown, uniform; markings obscure, the lines black, some- 
what thick, the inner a little oblique and broken-segmented; outer 
line excurved over cell, a little angled and dentated by obscure fol- 
lowing points; orbicular a dot; reniform pale ringed; subterminal 
line with thickened black inner edge followed by pale, nearly straight 
and subparallel to margin. Hind wing fuscous brown, a little lighter 
in the cell, relieving a dark discal spot. Expanse, 23-24 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two females, No. 16482, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, 
June and July, 1913 (R. Miller). 

The markings are described from the June specimen; in the July 
one nothing can be made out but the subterminal line, and that is 
obscure. 

ERIOPYGA BORTHORODES, new species. 

Dark brown, the markings obscure; lines blackish, crenulate, the 
inner line edged within, the outer without by pale, somewhat spotted ; 
inner line oblique; outer line excurved over cell; orbicular and reni- 
form pale-edged, dark ringed or filled, a dark spot in lower segment 
of reniform; subterminal line pale, even, rather broad, with an inward 
dent subcostally, distinct, the terminal space beyond it shghtly 
paler than the ground. Hind wing fuscous, lighter over the cell, 
with or without a dark discal spot. Expanse, 26 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two females, No. 16483, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, 
June, 1913 (R. Miller). 


Genus HYDROECIODES Hampson. 
HYDROECIODES RECTILINEA, new species. 

Fore wing light purple, shading to dark bronze on outer margin, 
where this color forms a large patch; inner markings obsolete; 
outer line distinct, straight, white, oblique with a narrow dark inner 
edge. Hind wing whitish, tinged with purplish gray outwardly. 
Expanse, 29 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16448, U.S.N.M.; Mexico City, Mexico (KR. 
Miller). 


No. 2054. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 873 


Genus HYSSIA Guenée. 


HYSSIA DEGENERANS, new species. 


Light reddish brown; a large area over the end of cell, narrowing 
basally, blackish; lines indistinct, showing as irregular transverse 
streaks, the outer continuous and curved, somewhat dotted; ter- 
minal space moderately and evenly a shade paler, without evident 
subterminal line. Hind wing pale ocherous whitish, shaded with 
fuscous broadly over apex; veins and discal dot gray; terminal line 
dark, broken. Expanse, 24 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16484, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, July, 1913 
(R. Miller). 

- HYSSIA PLENIPOTENTIA, new species. 

Fore wing dark brown, shaded with blackish; a black dash at base 
on submedian; inner line double, black, paler filled, forming an 
arc from media to vein 1 and from 1 to margin; claviform a broad 
black arc; orbicular a black circle; reniform full, black-edged, filled 
by ground color with a faint concentric ring and outer white edge; 
outer line double, with pale brownish filling, the outer edge very 
indistinct, inner edge dentate, the line sharply excurved beyond cell; 
subterminal line flexuous, pale brownish, preceded by indistinct 
black dashes, the narrow following terminal space black-shaded. 
Hind wing whitish in the male with fuscous border, veins and discal 
dot, largely fuscous in the female. Expanse, male, 30 mm.; female, 
25 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16485, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, 
Mexico, June, 1913 (R. Miiller). 


NEOMANOBIA, new genus. 


Proboscis fully developed; palpi upturned, the second joint 
thickly scaly, the third smooth; front smooth, rounded; antennez of 
male ciliate; eyes large, rounded; head and thorax clothed with 
hair and hair-lke scales; pro- and meta-thorax with spreading 
crests; fore tarsi with a row of stout spines on the outer side of first 
joint; abdomen without crests. 

Type of the genus.— Neomanobia thyodes, new species. 


NEOMANOBIA THYODES, new species. 


Fore wing dark brown-black, the reniform discolorous, red-brown, 
with narrow clay-colored outer edge; other stigmata absolete; lines 
black, thickened, crenulate, subsegmented, obscure; inner line 
oblique; a coarsely angled median black line without bordering pale 
scales, touching the reniform inwardly; outer line projected over 
reniform, doubled centrally by a row of remote black dots; sub- 
terminal line rather distinct, black, indented subcostally and sub- 


874 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


medially. Hind wing brown, shaded with blackish on outer third; 
veins and small discal spot black. Expanse, 33 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16486, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, July, 
1913 (R. Miller). 


Subfamily CUCULLIINAE. 
Genus HOMONCOCNEMIS Hampson. 


HOMONCOCNEMIS PSAPHIDOIDES, new species. 


Fore wing brownish gray; subterminal line white, coarsely and 
finely wavy, near the margin; a black dash on submedian fold at 
base and termen, edged with blackish shades, cutting the subterminal 
line; a blackish shade across median space and between the stigmata; 
inner line black, sharply angled on the veins and folds, double; 
orbicular large, round, pale, in a black ring, broken above and below; 
reniform less pale, large, with black central arc; outer line black, 
denticulate, curved over cell, oblique below; black streaks on the 
veins in subterminal space; fringe spotted black and white. Hind 
wing white; a terminal fuscous line, enlarged at submedian fold. 
Expanse, 35 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16487, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, June, 
1913 (R. Miller). 

Subfamily ACRONYCTINAE. 
Genus LUPERINA Boisduval. 


LUPERINA CUPPES, new species. 


Bronzy brown, darker in median space, the submarginal space 
light at base; lines brown, double, paler, somewhat violaceous filled; 
inner line coarsely waved; outer line excurved over cell and with 
black points on veins 3 and 4; orbicular and reniform large, slightly 
paler than the median ground and filled with violaceous like the 
lines; subterminal line bronzy, denticulate; terminal space dark. 
Hind wing brown, with central dark band and narrow terminal line; 
fringe of both wings dark with basal ight line. Expanse, 31 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16488, U.S.N.M., Zacualpan, Mexico, July, 1913 
(R. Miller). 

Genus NOCLOA Smith. 


NOCLOA EZEHA, new species. 


Fore wing comparatively broad and short; pale yellow; a little 
irrorated with orange; a square purple patch in the cell between the 
obsolete stigmata; outer line slender, dentate and excurved above, 
preceded by three purplish patches, two in the excurve opposite cell, 
one on submedian fold; a row of triangular purplish patches between 
the veins subterminally. Hind wing pale ocher. Expanse, 24 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 18194, U.S.N.M.; Sierra de Guerrero, Mexico, 
July, 1913 (R. Miller). 


No. 2054. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 375 


Genus ANTAPLAGA Grote. 
ANTAPLAGA PREPONTENDYTA, new species. 


Head, thorax, and fore wing white; inner and outer lines slender, 
black, approximate, the space between them filled in with orange 
ocher, including the approximated stigmata; inner line tremulous; 
outer line angled at veins 3 and 6; faint mesial line excurved in cell; 
orbicular white; reniform narrow, white, black centered and black 
edged; terminal space tinged with orange at margin, the veins black 
lined, with illy-developed intravenular streaks also. Hind wing 
blackish, the termen orange tinted. Expanse, 28-30 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, No. 18195, U.S.N.M.; Sierra de Guerrero, 
Mexico, July, 1913 (R. Miller). 


CALOCBEA, new genus. 


Eyes large, round; tongue fully developed; fore wing with areole; 
fore legs unarmed; frons with large prominence, densely roughened; 
abdomen without crests; prothorax with divided crest; metathorax 
with crest; palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head. 

Type of the genus.— Calocea eucraspedica, new species. 


CALOCEA EUCRASPEDICA, new species. 


Basal space of fore wing and costa centrally light tan-brown; 
median space light bronzy brown; distal dot light tan-brown; lines 
brown, faint; inner line excurved, reaching to origin of vein 2; outer 
line far out, strongly excurved, approaching the margin centrally, 
double; terminal space pink, with a darker rosy triangle on costa 
beyond outer line. Hind wing dull brown, the margin shaded with 
sordid rosy. Expanse, 28 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15459, U.S.N.M.; Tehuacan, Mexico, July, 1912 
(R. Miller). 

Genus STIRIA Grote. 
STIRIA TACHYMORA, new species. 


Thorax purple brown; collar and vertex yellow; fore wing olive 
grayish on basal three-fourths, then narrowly yellow, the margin 
shaded with red-brown, the fringe dark purple brown; a broad, 
clouded brown-black band across middle of wing. Hind wing white, 
a little sordid, but without any marginal staining. Expanse, 36 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 14444, U.S.N.M.; Mexico City, Mexico, Sep- 
tember, 1912 (R. Miller). 

STIRIA ITICYS, new species. 

Head and collar pale yellow; disk of thorax dark brown. Fore 

wing pale yellow with a broad brown shade along inner margin from 


base to outer line, lightened in two oval patches beyond the inner 
line; lines brown, slender, rather faint; inner line angled on submedian 


376 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 47. 


fold; outer line angled between veins 6 and 7 and running out in a 
point nearly to outer margin; orbicular and reniform large slender 
rings. Hind wing whitish, or a little shaded with fuscous. Expanse, 
24-25 mm. 

Cotypes—Two males, No. 18196, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, 
September, 1913 (R. Miiller). 


STIRIA ARGYROPOLIA, new species. 


Head and thorax ocher-whitish, shading to blackish gray posteri- 
orly. Fore wing silver-gray; lines olive brown edged with pale 
yellow away from the center; inner line angled on submedian fold; 
outer line starting from near center of inner margin straight toward 
apex below vein 6, where it is sharply bent, running straight inward, 
then curved to costa; fringe mixed with brown. Hind wing ocher 
whitish. Expanse, 32 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16489, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, July, 1913 
(R. Miller). 

Genus STIRIODES Hampson. 
STIRIODES NYDAR, new species. 


Dark olive brown; fore wing with traces of inner and outer dark 
lines, smooth, strongly excurved; subterminal line shown as a dark 
patch on costa; terminal areas paler. Hind wing fuscous, yellow- 
ish toward base and fringe yellow; a small dark discal spot. Expanse, 
22 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16490, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, July, 1913 
(R. Miller). 

Like S. umbria Druce, larger, hind wing paler, the lines of fore wing 
less distinct, more curved, the median not as distinct as the others. 


STIRIODES SUBSERVIENS, new species. 


Wings longer; body more robust than usual. Ocherous yellow, 
color of S. procida Druce, marked with brown; inner and outer lines 
brown, shaded, diffused, the inner curved, the outer incurved below; 
a broad diffused shade spreading over most of median space, but not 
completely continuous; orbicular and reniform indicated; a brown 
costo-subapical spot. Hind wing fuscous, the fringe yellow. Ex- 
panse, 22 mm. 

Type-—Female, No. 16491, U.S.N.M.; Orizaba, Mexico (Schaus 


collection). 
CACOFOTA, new genus. 


Tongue well developed; palpi upturned to near middle of front; 
front with low rounded prominence, transversely cut below by a deep 
groove, below which is a large plate; eyes large, rounded, smooth; 
tibia unarmed. Hind wing with vein 5 weak, from near middle of 
cross Vein. 

Type of the genus.—Cacofota inermis, new species. 


No. 2054. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 377 


CACOFOTA INERMIS, new species. 


Fore wing long, pointed at apex; smooth gray; inner line black, 
from costa to vein 1, angled subcostally and submedially, faintly 
doubled centrally; orbicular and reniform large, similar, discolorous 
red-brown with paler edge in a black ring, the orbicular oblique; 
outer line represented by a few scattered spots; subterminal line a 
faint pale shade; a long black streak on vein 8; terminal dots small. 
Hind wing creamy whitish. Expanse, 31 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16492, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, June, 1913 
(R. Miller). 

Genus SPHIDA Grote. 
SPHIDA PLEOSTIGMA, new species. 


Fore wing reddish brown with chocolate shadings; a light pinkish 
angular area at base, running out along costa; orbicular and reniform 
dull red-brown filled, the former narrow, longitudinal, the latter full, 
obliquely cut below, a point on upper corner, the costal edge not well 
defined; median vein and branches dark; a dark faint extra-mesial 
shade line; outer line slender, scalloped between the veins; terminal 
space purplish gray, with darker subsagittate marks on the veins. 
Hind wing, brown, fuscous broadly on margin. Expanse, 52 mm. 

Type-—Female, No. 15460, U.S.N.M.; Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico. 
September, 1912 (R. Miler). 


Genus TRACHEA Ochsenheimer. 
TRACHEA STYGIA, new species. 


Deep brown-black; ordinary marks indistinct, except the reniform, 
which is rather conspicuously pale-bordered outwardly; lines crenu- 
late, the outer with a duplication touching the ends of the cusps; 
claviform joined to the outer line by a bar onsubmedian fold; orbicular 
circular with a central dot; reniform large, deeply concave outwardly, 
slightly paler than the wing, black-edged, with a pale reddish inner 
border on the outer side; median line shown on costa and forming 
an arc in cell; three white dots on costa before apex; subterminal line 
very faint, followed by scattered whitish scales; a slender crenulate 
terminal line. Hind wing white, stained with blackish on the veins 
and broadly so on the outer margin. Expanse, 40 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16445, U.S.N.M.; Mexico City, Mexico, July, 
1911 (R. Miller). 


Subfamily HRASTRIINARE. 
GORGORA, new genus. 


Fore wing with accessory cell, vein 7 from its end, 8, 9 stalked, 10 
from upper side. Fore tibia with claw on outer side; front with 
large, roughened, coarsely granular area; palpi short, reaching frons, 
coarsely clothed. 

Type of the genus.—Gorgora morga, new species. 


378 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47, 


GORGORA MORGA, new species. 


Black; thorax dorsally, palpi and hairs on femora orange. Fore 
wing shining greenish black, the marks edged with dull black; a large 
round orange discal spot; a marginal orange band, dentate out- 
wardly, touching termen by its dentations on the veins, the fringe 
black. Hind wing black, with only a little metallic gloss. Expanse, 
34 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15463, U.S.N.M.; Mexico City, Mexico, Sep- 
tember, 1912 (R. Miiller). 


Genus TROGOBLEMMA Hampson. 
TROGOBLEMMA CACODOXICA, new species. 


Fore wing with the outer margin excavate in its upper half, leaving 
a projection at middle; red-brown, irrorate with purplish and a little 
red; markings illy defined. A small black discal dot. Hind wing 
light fuscous. Expanse, 15-20 mm. 

Cotypes.—Three females, No. 15464, U.S.N.M.; Orizaba, Mexico 
(Schaus collection); Juan Vinas, Costa Rica, November, 1909 (W. 
Schaus). 

Very close to 7. modesta Schaus, described from Costa Rica, but 
which I have also from Jalapa, Mexico. In the female of modesta the 
hind wings are pale with a curved extra-discal gray band, which 
beneath is strongly arcuate and submacular. In eacodoxica, the hind 
wings of the female are entirely fuscous shaded, the band beneath 
shaded, obscure and only slightly arcuate. Mr. Schaus’s Costa Rican 
specimen was identified by him as the female of modesta. 

Hampson’s description of the genus is in error in the statement 
‘‘Proboscis absent.” It is true that in the type-specimen of 7. 
acutalis Schaus the tongue is absent, but it has been broken off, and 
is plainly visible in other specimens before me from the same locality. 
The large discal spot of the type is a variation only, the other speci- 
mens showing minute discal dot or replaced by a large white patch. 
A similar variation occurs in 7. modesta. 


Genus PARANGITIA Hampson. 
PARANGITIA MOSAICA, new species. 


Olivaceous brown, heavily shaded over a light clay color, that 
appears only about anal angle; claviform, orbicular, and reniform, 
round, light-ringed, forming a close group of similar spots; lines 
slender, black, dentate, not contrasted, the outer excurved over cell; 
an oblique white mark across apex, dentate outwardly; submarginal 
line wavy, defining a mottled darker terminal area. Hind wing 
blackish, a little bronzy, darker on the margin. Expanse, 21 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15465, U.S.N.M.; Orizaba, Mexico (Schaus col- 


lection). 


No. 2054. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 879 


PARANGITIA CENTROCHALCA, new species. 


Fore wing brown with metallic bronzy reflection, especially on 
median area; base somewhat darker, limited by the inner line, which 
is black, slender, dentate on subcosta and vein 1; discal marks pale- 
ringed, similar, in a group of three, the reniform a little constricted; 
outer line blackish, obscure, excurved over cell; subterminal line pale, 
waved, preceded by dark dashes subapically and followed by a 
darker terminal space. Hind wing black, a little bronzy. Expanse, 
26 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15466, U.S.N.M.; Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus col- 
lection). 

Genus ORUZA Walker. 


ORUZA COSTALIS, new species, 


Fore wing gray with a reddish tint; a straight, broad, sordid 
creamy white stripe, not quite touching costa; lines straight, slender, 
whitish; median space blackish shaded, with a blackish discal mark; 
subterminal line whitish, curved from costa to middle of outer margin, 
sharply dentate below. Hind wing colored like fore wing, with 
blackish discal dot, white extra-mesial line and zigzag submarginal 
one. Expanse, 16 to 23 mm. 

Cotypes.—One male, two females, No. 15467, U.S.N.M.; Misantla, 
Mexico, June, 1912 (R. Miiller); Orizaba, Mexico (Schaus collection). 

Near to O. albocostata Druce, but the costa not so white and the 
zigzag subterminal line present. 


ORUZA ALBOCOSTALIATA Packard. 


Acidalia albocostaliata Packarp, Hayden Rept. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., vol. 10, 
1876, p. 336. 
Cosymbia albocostaliata Huust, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1903, p. 292. 
Pleonectyptera albocostaliata Dyar, Can. Ent., vol. 39, 1907, p. 209. 
This North American species falls here. It has been placed among 


the Geometride until recently. 


Genus BRYOCODIA Hampson. 


BRYOCODIA LILACINA, new species. 


Yellowish gray at base, the lower part of median space dark 
lilacine; area beyond the outer line pale lilacine, contrasting; inner 
line black, waved, faint above; orbicular indicated; a black wedge 
before the reniform, which is elliptical, pale-filled; outer ine smooth, 
excurved over reniform; subterminal line dark, broken, broadly 
shaded on costa. Hind wing pale gray. Expanse, 17 to 19 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 15468 U.S.N.M.; San José de 
Guaymas, Mexico, April, 1910 (L. O. Howard). 


380 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


Genus COBUBATHA Walker. 
COBUBATHA DAMOZELA, new species. 


Fore wing dark silvery gray at base, a slender black subbasal line, 
indented subcostally; a nearly erect median blackish shaded line, 
bent on median vein; space beyond it dark, filled by many lines and 
shades; reniform white, elliptical, cut outwardly by a black central 
patch; six coppery and whitish alternating lines close beyond it, 
outwardly oblique above, confused below, followed by a black sub- 
marginal patch centrally and a large dark apical truncate triangle; 
a slender black marginal line, preceded by white. Hind wing dark 
fuscous, with slight coppery reflection. Expanse, 15 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15469, U.S.N.M.; Tehuacan, Mexico, August, 
1912 (R. Miller). 


COBUBATHA DREPTICA, new species. 


Fore wing with the base broadly hlacine gray, nearly unmarked, 
the costa dark; terminal half of wing dark, blackish lilacine, indis- 
tinctly marked with black; an inner slightly curved bordering line 
and subapical patch, continued as a broken line below are most 
distinct. Hind wing blackish, with bronzy reflection. Expanse, 
13 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15470, U.S.N.M.; Tehuacan, Mexico, Septem- 
ber, 1910 (R. Miller). 


COBUBATHA EUPROPTOPA, new species. 


Fore wing with the basal third light coppery violaceous, bounded 
by a curved line; middle field blackish, coppery, covering the stig- 
mata, which are hardly visible, bounded by the outer line, which 
forms a loop beyond cell; terminal area dark, not so dark and solid 
as the median area, with a black blotch submarginally below costa 
and a smaller one below near the middle. Hind wing black, with 
bronzy tint. Expanse, 11 to 12 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two females, No. 15471, U.S.N.M.; Guadalajara and 
Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus collection). 


COBUBATHA MONADA, new species. 


Fore wing with the basal half light coppery brown, with a dark 
shade on costa; outer half violaceous blackish, the dividing line 
black, shaded, erect; a black shaded subapical mark from costa is 
the only marking visible. Hind wing black, with bronzy reflection. 
Expanse, 12 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15472, U.S.N.M.; Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus 
collection). 

Resembles dreptica, described above, but darker, the pale basal 
area less contrasted, smaller, and bounded by a straight not curved 
line. 


No. 2054. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 381 


COBUBATHA MILLIDICE, new species. 


Fore wing with the base broadly leaden gray, the rest cupreous 
blackish; inner line broad, waved, violaceous gray; outer line simi- 
lar, not far out, strongly and narrowly excurved at cell; orbicular 
and reniform marked by leaden scales and black arcs, obscure; 
subterminal line violaceous gray with accumulations of black scales 
forming irregular spots centrally; some black streaks in the fringe 
below apex. Hind wing fuscous blackish. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16493, U.S.N.M.; Tehuacan, Mexico, April, 
1913 (R. Miller). 

Genus OZARBA Walker. 


OZARBA SEMIPOTENTIA, new species. 


Small; narrow-winged; fore wing dark brown, the reniform pale 
carneous, with a similar spot joined to costa, forming an oblique 
narrow bar with a blunt tooth outwardly, the reniform proper edged 
with deep black; a dark area beyond to apex, leaving the terminal 
space broadly pale, narrowing to apex; subterminal line obsolete; 
inner line faint, forming a double dash on costa; outer line from 
lower angle of reniform to inner margin, pale, dark-edged, straight. 
Hind wing pale fuscous, darker on the margin. Expanse, 13 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16494, U.S.N.M.; Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico, 
April, 1913 (R. Miller). 


OZARBA CHORUBA, new species. 


Fore wing warm bronzy reddish, overspread with dark lilacine 
gray from base to outer line and from beyond this in a triangle to 
apex; inner line faintly indicated; reniform in a clear space, light, 
with a black are within and dots without; outer space light, con- 
tinuous with reniform area; subterminal line dark, vague, wavy. 
Hind wing dark brown, margin broadly darker; faint dark discal 
dot. Expanse, 20 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 10548, U.S.N.M.; Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus 
collection). 

Genus EUSTROTIA Htbner. 


EUSTROTIA INVETERATA, new species. 


Fore wing gray, with fine indistinct cross lines; an inner deep 
black band, broad, curved, rising from the inner margin to half across 
the cell, where it narrows and continues very slenderly to costa; 
termen very narrowly and fringe black, forming a point of the gray 
ground outward about vein 4; discal dot (reniform) a small trace; 
a faint dark cloud on costa subapically. Hind wing dark fuscous. 
Expanse, 18 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16495, U.S.N.M.; Tehuacan, Mexico, July, 
1913 (R. Miller). 


382 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 
a x M2 carne ala Nia i ok ph te ca aes ES 


Genus FRUVA Grote.. 
FRUVA VINCULIS, new species. 


Basal half of fore wing nearly black, shaded; apical half olivaceous, 
dusted with white scales; markings obsolete, except slight whitish 
flecks on costa before apex. Hind wing ocherous whitish, more or 
less shaded with gray, especially along margin. Fore wing below 
pale, with a broad black band through cell and fringe black. Ex- 
panse, 18-20 mm. 

Ootypes.—Two females, No. 16496, U.S.N.M.; Tehuacan, Mexico, 
June, 1913, and August, 1912 (R. Miller). 


Subfamily HUTHLIINAE. 
Genus EUTELIA Htibner. 
EUTELIA APITHANA, new species. 


Fore wing dark brown; inner line far out, whitish, slender, arcuate; 
a light space beyond in cell; reniform whitish outlined, lumate, 
followed by a large elliptical chocolate brown spot, with a slight 
point on its outer corner; outer line forming the outer border of this 
spot, whitish, slender, approaching the inner line below; beyond a 
broad dull red shade; margin dark, faintly cut by the whitish sub- 
marginal line; a chocolate brown triangular patch before apex, 
edged with white. Hind wing white at base, the margin broadly 
dark brown, joined to a discal spot. Expanse, 25 mm. 
Type.—Male, No. 15473, Sierra de Guerrero, Mexico, August, 1912 
(R. Miller). 
Subfamily NOCTUINAE. 
Genus ANOMIS Hubner. 
ANOMIS GYMNOPUS, new species. 


Fore wing bright reddish; lines dark red, edged with powdery 
lilacine; inner line flexuous, slender; outer strongly excurved over 
cell, wavy, erect and nearly straight below median vein; terminal 
space darker shaded, the subterminal line macular, dark, the spots 
separated below. Hindwing uniform blackish. A large swelling at 
base of costa of forewing of male. Expanse, 30 mm. 

- Cotypes—Two males, No. 15474, U.S.N.M.; Cordoba, Mexico, 
May, 1906 (W. Schaus); Tuis, Costa Rica, June, 1907 (W. Schaus). 


ANOMIS EUCYSTICA, new species. 


Forewing purplish brown, stained with bright red on the lower 
half; lines brown; a dark patch at base on inner margin; inner line 
coarsely waved; outer excurved above, wavy, straight below from 
median vein; discal dots dark, obscure, or a white patch in lower 
part of reniform; margin darkly shaded; subterminal line continuous, 
broadly shaded, waved. Hindwing dark brown. Male with a swell- 


No. 2054. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 383 


ing at base of costa of forewing; anal tuft white; hind tibiz with 
long dense hairs. Expanse, 33 mm. 
Cotypes.—Three males, No. 15475, U.S.N.M.; Jalapa, Mexico 
(Schaus collection). 
ANOMIS CATAGGELUS, new species. 


Forewing brown with ocher tint, the markings dark brown; a 
patch at base on inner margin; inner line slender, irregularly dentate, 
oblique, reaching inner margin near middle; orbicular a ringlet; reni- 
form a large somewhat quadrate blotch; outer line slender excurved 
above, wavy, forming a sinus below reniform; subterminal line 
shaded, wavy. Hind wing dark brown. Expanse, 36 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, No. 15476, U.S.N.M.; Orizaba, Mexico, May, 
1908 (R. Miller); Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus collection). 


Genus EULEPIDOTIS Hubner. 
EULEPIDOTIS SUPPURA, new species. 


Silvery white; head and collar dark brown; fore wing with a dark 
brown oblique band from middle of costa to tornus; a curved slender 
band from outer third of costa to tornus, the space beyond purplish 
brown. Hind wing white, yellowish tinged on margin; a shaded 
quadrate apical brown patch; a double black spot before the tooth 
on margin, preceded by brown and silvery scales and a short brown- 
ish ine. Expanse, 33 mm. 

Cotypes.—Six specimens, No. 15477, U.S.N.M.; Cordoba, Mexico, 
February, 1908 (F. Knab); May, 1906 (W. Schaus); Orizaba, Mexico 
(Schaus collection); Aroa, Venezuela (Schaus collection). 

Close to P. electa Dyar, but hind wing whiter, with orange only 
marginally between the spots; purple color of fore wing duller, mar- 
ginal area divided into a paler, more lilaceous inner half and darker 
outer half by a pale ray. 


EULEPIDOTIS STIGMASTICTA, new species. 


Bright green; tip of the abdomen orange; fore wing uniform green, 
with three very slender dark brown lines from costa to inner margin, 
approaching each other somewhat below, the inner with a round 
black spot on submedian, the outer with a small spot beyond it above 
vein 3, the line itself faintly duplicated. Hind wing with a broad 
green ray through the disk expanding on margin and a small one 
along submedian, the apex and tornus broadly bright orange; a brown 
patch before margin in the orange part followed by a little black 
speck in the green. Beneath, pale silky green, washed with orange at 
anal angle of hind wing. Expanse, 38 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, No. 16103, U.S.N.M.; Orizaba, Mexico, June, 
1911 (R. Miller) and one without further data (Schaus collection). 


384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


EULEPIDOTIS GLAUCOPASA, new species. 


Bright grass-green; fore wing with three faint dark subparallel 
lines, converging a little on inner margin; fringe brown. Hind wing 
green, a short projection in the middle of the margin, with a little 
speck, half silver, half black near it; a small partly metallic spot 
below vein 2 submarginally. Beneath washed with pale green, no 
markings, only the fringe spotted with darker. Expanse, 33 mm. 

Cotypes.—Five specimens, No. 16104, U.S.N.M.; Jalapa, Mexico 
(Schaus collection); Cordoba, May, 1906 (W. Schaus); Orizaba, 
Mexico (R. Miiller). 


EULEPIDOTIS SYLPHA, new species. 


Like the preceding, except in the hind wings: Costal area broadly 
washed with pale orange, an orange ray in submedian fold and small 
streak at tornus; prominence on outer margin more rounded, the spot 
in its ultimate projection, not before it, the submarginal spot con- 
tinued by a faint curved line up to the costal pale area. Expanse, 
32 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two specimens, No. 16449, U.S.N.M.; Avangarez, Costa 
Rica, July, 1909 (W. Schaus); Orizaba, Mexico (Schaus collection). 


Genus DYOMYX Guenée. 
DYOMYX ORA, new species. 


Fore wing shaded with tan-brown at base and in terminal space up 
to vein 4; costa broadly lilacine gray; median space filled in with 
dark brown below up to middle of cell, the brown extending outward 
in a band across outer line to termen; lines dark brown, slender; sub- 
basal half line reaching submedian; inner line oblique, with a tooth 
on discal fold, ending in a reddish patch on inner margin; median 
line crossing the cell just before the reniform, obscured in the dark 
filling below; reniform large, lunate, filled with the violaceous color 
of the costal margin; outer line excurved from costa to vein 2, den- 
tate on the veins, ending in a small round ocellus on vein 1, black cen- 
tered, orange ringed, then dusky; a subterminal row of obscure dots; 
a terminal dark line; fringe interlined. Hind wing brown, dark 
brown above vein 5 in an even line to base; a narrow dark brown ray 
along submedian; two brown lines across the disk, dentate, recurved 
about vein 2 and more approximate near inner margin; at their fur- 
thest outcurve some dark blue powdering, followed by two black 
spots on the margin, each preceded by a white arc; a broken pale 
orange line opposite middle of the outer margin; fringe dark with a 
pale line at base. Expanse, 45 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16450, U.S.N.M.; Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus col- 
lection). 


No. 2054. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 885 


DYOMYX CONSEQUENS, new species. 


Gray brown, slightly bronzy; fore wing with the lines slender, dark 
brown; basal half line, inner line and median line all oblique, parallel; 
outer line bent at vein 6 and 3, faint below, running close to median 
line, becoming a white dash above inner margin; subterminal Jine 
wavy,faint. Hind wing with an oblique inner line and parallel mesial 
line, the latter becoming submarginal below vein 2 and dentate; two 
black spots before the marginal tooth, joined by a white arc, which is 
preceded by blue and white powdering. Expanse, 38 mm. 

Cotypes.—¥ive specimens, No. 15478, U.S.N.M.; Orizaba, Mexico, 
August, 1909 (R. Miiller); Coatepec, Mexico (Schaus collection); 
Chiriqui, Panama (Schaus collection); Aroa, Venezuela (Schaus 
collection). 

Close to D. egista Bar, but the white mark of fore wing following 
the median line instead of the outer line, narrower, straighter, less 
pure white; reniform full, elliptical, not narrow and lunate. 


Genus ACHAEA Hubner. 
ACHAEA DEMEPA, new species. 


Light gray; fore wing with the base above vein 1 washed with pale 
brown, mixed with black irrerations; inner line black, broad, blotched 
on costa and in cell, broken on vein 1, outcurved between that and 
inner margin; median space light gray, irroate with black; a black 
dot for orbicular; reniform annular, with two blotches on costa above 
it; median shade obvious below median vein, wavy, indistinctly 
double; outer line excurved over cell, slender, irregular, incurved to 
base of vein 3, thence straight and a little oblique, broad and distinct 
to inner margin; a brown shade following this line; subterminal lines 
shaded, broken into spots above, of which one large one occupies the 
space between veins 4 and 6; a second shaded line close to the margin; 
a fine crenulate terminal line; fringe whitish. Hind wing whitish, 
powdered with black; a large blackish discal mark, three slender 
crenulate lines between this and margin; terminal lines and fringe as 
on fore wing. Expanse, 57 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15479, U.S.N.M.; Misantla, Mexico, July, 
1912 (R. Miller). 


Genus CAMPOMETRA Guenée. 
CAMPOMETRA SURRECTA, new species. 


Blackish, with a warm brown undertint; fore wing with the lines 
velvety black; inner line arcuate, coarsely crenulate; median line 
similar, straighter; outer line similar, more sharply dentate, starting 
from asemicircular dark-brown costal spot with a shaded luteous edge, 
sharply indrawn below reniform, forming a short dash above vein 2; 


34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47 —14——25 


386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


reniform indicated by white powdery spots; subterminal line parallel 
to margin, finely crenulate; a row of light specks with black edges close 
to margin; a crenulate black terminal line. Hind wing like the fore 
wing with two outer dentate black lines, inwardly arcuate on central 
segment, the submarginal one lightened by reddish in places; a 
straight pale ray from middle of wing to tornus; terminal markings as 
on fore wing. Expanse, 45 mm. 
Type.—Male, No. 15480, U.S.N.M.; Misantla, Mexico, May, 1912 
(R. Miller). 
Genus RHOSOLOGIA Walker. 
RHOSOLOGIA STIGMAPHILES, new species. 


Clayey whitish with dark irrorations; reniform widely outlined in 
black, forming a wedge-shaped spot above bases of veins 3 and 4 and 
erect fainter outer and inner columns, the top open. In the male 
this is practically the only marking; all the space below the cell shaded 
with warm brown; subterminal line pale, broadly waved and followed 
by warm brown. In the female the brown shading is restricted to 
areas following the lines; a curved line runs from the origin of vein 2 
to the inner margin and there is a subbasal line running obliquely 
outward to subcosta near middle of cell, then sharply retracted; the 
ground of the wing is clearer than in the male, the markings more 
relieved. Hind wing deep brown, pale at base. Expanse, male, 38 
mm; female 36, mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 18197, U.S.N.M.; male, Zacualpan, 
Mexico, August, 1909 (R. Miller); female, Orizaba, Mexico (Schaus 
collection). Also another female, Oaxaca, Mexico (Schaus collection). 


RHOSOLOGIA DIDACTICA, new species. 


Russet brown, powdered with blackish; lines pale, defined by dark 
scales; inner line slightly curved and a little irregular; mesial line 
straight and erect across wing, followed by a deepening of the ground, 
which ends at the blackish angular remains of the reniform; sub- 
terminal line wavy and irregular, preceded by brown and followed by 
blackish; a row of terminal black spots. Hind wing shaded with 
fuscous brown outwardly, paler at base. Expanse, 30 mm. 

Type—Male, No. 18198, U.S.N.M.; Sierra de Guerrero, Mexico, 
June, 1913 (R. Miller). 


Subfamily HYPHNINABE. 
Genus GUSTIANA Walker. 
GUSTIANA MOkX, new species. 


Fore wing light gray, slightly violaceous; subbasal, inner and outer 
lines straight, oblique, dark brown, preceded by broad olive brown 
shades, broader on inner margin; subterminal line slender, finely 
wavy; margin darker shaded. Hind wing dark brown. Expanse, 
18 mm. 


No. 2054. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 387 


Cotypes——Two females, No. 15481, U.S.N.M.; Misantla, Mexico, 
August, 1912 (R. Miiller); Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus collection). 

Near G. guarda Schaus,! but smaller, the lines straighter and more 
parallel, the ground color less uniform, the subterminal line about as 
distinct as the others. 


Family NOTODONTIDAE. 


Genus DICENTRIA Herrich-Sechéiffer. 
DICENTRIA CERRIBEN, new species. 


Dark gray; a round, black, discal dot, surrounded by a dark cloud; 
a black streak at base on submedian fold; veins black lined; a series 
of black costo-subapical streaks, with fainter ones below in the 
interspaces, followed below vein 2 by traces of a dentate outer line; 
this is followed by black and a whitish streak about vein 2; inner 
area slightly ochreous; outer margin oblique below vein 4, with short 
projections at the vein ends. Hind wing white, with a gray patch on 
termen and fringe beyond tornus. Expanse, 40 mm. 

Type-—Male, No. 18199, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, August, 
1913 (R. Miiller). 

DICENTRIA CLAMMENHOA, new species. 

Fore wing bluish gray on costal half, gray on inner half; discal spot 
small, black, round, on a linear arc, followed by a long black dash below 
vein 5; veins 2-6 black-lined; a dark cloud beyond end of cell, reach- 
ing costa; a black dash above vein 7, adjacent to linings on the sub- 
costal venules; black dashes subterminally between the veins, the one 
above vein 6 nearer the margin, the others farther inward; ordinary 
lines faint, dentate, blackish, indistinctly double, filled or followed by 
whitish; a slender black streak on submedian fold from base nearly 
to vein 2. Hind wing whitish, gray at apex, and with some dark spots 
about anal angle. Expanse, 53 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16497, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, July, 1913 
(R. Miller). Very similar to Schizura biedermani Barnes and McDun- 
nough.? 

Genus PSILACRON Felder. 
PSILACRON MACARISMA, new species. 


Thorax dark greenish gray, the collar a little mixed with rusty yel- 
low. Fore wing of the same dark color, with marginal, nearly white 
patches from vein 2 to vein 4, the margin else and patches over the 
outer half of wing of rusty yellow; veins black-lined; a black dash on 
submedian at base; discal dot clouded, black; lines very indistinct, 
only the submarginal visible, black, dentate, parallel to the margin 
and rather remote, with small white points on the veins. Hind wing 


1 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 1904, p. 168. 
2Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 19, 1911, p. 81. 


388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


gray, whitish over the disk, a pale, illy defined outer line; anal area 
dark gray, cut by the pale line; fringe spotted. Expanse, 46 mm. 
Type.—Male, No. 16498, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, July, 1913 
(R. Miller). 
Genus MALOCAMPA Schaus. 
MALOCAMPA TREPSORA, new species. 


Gray-brown; a little touched with violaceous, especially at apex and 
tornus; lines fine, double, dentate, brown and not contrasted, the 
inner oblique, the outer gently curved; two small black discal spots, 
well separated; beyond the outer line at costa is a brown area cut by 
pale flecks, with a black bar below in violaceous. Hind wing fuscous 
brown; a white bar above tornus, the fringe mixed with yellowish. 
Expanse, 38 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16499, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, July, 1913 
(R. Miiller). 

Allied to M. matralis Schaus. 


Family LASIOCAMPIDAE. 
Genus TOLYPE Hubner. 


TOLYPE VEMERILA, new species. 


Pale gray, nearly white, asmall tuft of flattened black hairs at base 
of thorax; lines dark gray, cut by the white veins, broadened on 
costa; double inner and outer lines, irregularly waved, bent subcos- 
tally; a single submarginal macular band. Hind wing gray shaded, 
the veins darker. Expanse, 27 to 28 mm. 

Cotypes—Two males, No. 15482, U.S.N.M.; Sierra de Guerrero, 
Mexico, September, 1912 (R. Miller); Tehuacan, Mexico, September, 
1910 (R. Miiller). 

TOLYPE SYNOECURA, new species. 

Pale pinkish, marked with brown asin T. plurilinea Walker, but the 
pattern of markings is different. Basal space and cell light in the 
male, the wing crossed by pale waved lines, the ordinary inner and outer 
ones nearly straight, except for some angulations on the veins; area 
between them from vein 2 to vein 5 dark, and a dark streak on the 
stem of veins 6 to 8. Of the supernumerary lines, two within the 
inner line are similar to it, but less distinct; two beyond the outer line 
are somewhat wavy, sparated from each other and the subterminal by 
dark clouds; subterminal line wavy; fringe spotted with brown. 
Hind wing pale, creamy. Expanse, 34 mm. 

The female is similar, duller in tone, the pale lines less relieved. 
Expanse, 53 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16451, U.S.N.M.; Teapa, Tabasco, 
Mexico, April, 1913 (R. Miller). 


No. 2054. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 389 


Family LIPARIDAE. 
Genus LEUCULODES Dyar. 


LEUCULODES DIANARIA, new species. 


Translucent white; costa of fore wing black at base; vertex of 
head ocher; pectinations of antenne yellowish. Expanse, 25 mm. 
Cotypes.—Two males, No. 16500, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, 
July, 1913 (R. Miiller). 
Close to D. lacteolaria Hulst, smaller and without lines on the fore 
wing. 
: Family GEOMETRIDAE. 


Genus PSALIODES Guenée. 
PSALIODES OROZCOA, new species. 


Fore wing whitish, with greenish yellow suffusion, marked with 
dark brown; median band dark brown, broad, strongly sinuate; 
marginal band forming a triangular patch above, narrow below, its 
inner edge lunulate between the veins, whitish edged; base narrowly 
dark; costa dark spotted; subbasal and subterminal spaces clear 
yellowish, irrorate with dark, the lines white, crenulate, edging the 
mesial band. Hind wing fuscous, a little mottled with whitish cen- 
trally, defining a faint mesial band. Expanse, 27 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 18200, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, August, 
1913 (R. Miller). 


Genus TEPHROCLYSTIA Hibner. 
TEPHROCLYSTIA MAGNIFACTA, new species. 


Dark gray, a little purplish; the inceptions of eight or nine lines in 
gray may be seen on costa, but obsolete below; short black streaks on 
median vein; a row of short dashes for outer line and another for sub- 
terminal; termen darker, more purplish; subbasal line distinct 
across the wing; discal dot elliptical, black. Hind wing with five or 
six lines on the inner margin, obsolete above. Expanse, 26 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 18201, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, August, 
1913 (R. Miiller). 

Genus APICIA Guenée. 
APICIA ENTOCHYNA, new species. 

Whitish clayey with fine, faint, brown strigs; inner line fine, bent 
at right angles at median vein beyond origin of vein 2; discal dot 
round, dark; outer line brown, straight from inner margin to above 
vein 7, where it becomes slender and reflexed to costa. Hind wing 
with a single mesial brown line beyond the cell, evenly curved and 
parallel to the outer margin; a faint discal dot. Expanse, 29 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 18202, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, August, 
1913 (R. Miller). 


890 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47. 


In all the forms of wibicaria Cramer before me the line on hind wing 
tends to be straight with a pale outer border, never regularly curved 
as in this species. 

Genus SPODODES Warren. 
SPODODES AURANTICOLOR, new species. 


Yellow, slightly orange tinted, with sparse orange-brown strige, 
thick and purplish along costa; inner line wavy, expanded into 
purplish spots, especially on submedian; discal dot round; outer 
line expanded with spots on discal and submedian folds, itself nearly 
obsolete, running inward along vein 2 so that there are two patches 
on submedian fold; a small patch submarginally at vein 5. Hind 
wing similar; discal spot, a patch on inner margin, traces of outer 
line and three spots submarginally before apex, middle, and tornus, 
respectively. Expanse, 25 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 18203, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, August, 
1913 (R. Miller). 


Genus COENOCHARIS Hulst. 
COENOCHARIS CORNIFRONS, new species. 


Front with a large conical protuberance with a short tooth beneath 
it. Fore wing gray along costa, the rest more ocherous gray, all 
strewn with dark atoms, slightly streaked toward apex; lines obso- 
lete; discal dot round, black. Hind wing ocherous gray, broadly 
fuscous over apex, narrower on margin below; discal dot round, 
fuscous. Expanse, 32 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 18204, U.S.N.M.; Sierra de Guerrero, Mexico, 
June, 1913 (R. Miller). 


Family COCHLIDIIDAE. 
ZAPARASA, new genus. 


Fore wing with veins 3 to 5 separate, 6 from the middle of the cell, 
obsolescent at base, 7 and 8 stalked, 9 absent, 10 and 11 on the cell. 
Hind wing with all the veins present, normal. Antenne of male 
bipectinated to three-fourths, the tip simple. Hind tibiae with 
apical spurs only. 

Type of the genus.—Zaparasa sylvia, new species. 

ZAPARASA SYLVIA, new species. 


Head and thorax green; abdomen ocher-brown. Fore wing green, 
becoming yellow toward costa; a wide triangular light-brown patch 
on costa from near base to middle, crossing the cell to vein 2; a light- 
brown outer border, incised subcostally and more deeply at veins 
4-5. Hid wing pale cream color. Expanse, 21 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16501, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, July, 
1913 (R. Miller). 


No. 2054. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 891 


Genus METRAGA Walker. 
METRAGA COSTILINEA, new species. 


Fore wing dark bronzy brown; a slender silvery line subbasally 
to median vein, running out along vein 2; a costo-subapical bent 
silvery line, followed by rusty yellow; discal area shining, preceded 
and followed by black shade lines; discal dot black, elongate, incon- 
spicuous; a marginal whitish line with dentations at the veins. 
Hind wing yellowish, overspread with brown in the male, brown in 
the female; fringe touched with dark brown at tornus. Expanse, 
male, 19 mm; female, 30 mm. 

Cotypes.—One male, two females, No. 16502, U.S.N.M.; male, 
Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico, January, 1913 (R. Miller); female, Coate- 
pec, Mexico, October, 1910 (R. Miller); female, Orizaba, Mexico 
(Schaus collection). 

Family LACOSOMIDAE. 


Genus CICINNUS Blanchard. 
CICINNUS CHABAUDI, new species. 


Violaceous gray, thickly irrorated with coarse black scales, the 
margins of both wings smooth olive gray without irrorations; two 
purplish subparallel lines running across both wings, the outer more 
distinct on hind wing than inner, on fore wing bent at an angle at 
vein 7, but obscure; a little fiery reddish on hind wing below outer 
line; discal dot on fore wing purplish, followed by a white space. 
Expanse, 50 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16503, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, June, 
1913 (R. Miller). 

Named for Mr. Alfredo Chabaud, who collected the species. 


Family THY RIDIDAE. 
COSMOTHYRIS, new genus. 


Palpi short, porrect, hardly exceeding the front; fore wing with 
veins 2-11 from the cell, 6-7 from a point at apex of cell, 9 and 10 
well removed from apex; cell closed; hind wing with veins 2-7 from 
the cell, cell closed, vein 5 from near lower angle; wings triangular, 
elongate, margins entire. 

Type of genus.—Cosmothyris margaretia, new species. 


COSMOTHYRIS MARGARETTA, new species. 


Pale stramineous; strigze brown, transverse,and evenly distributed; 
a central brown band on both wings, either uniform and a little 
flexuous or, on fore wing, constricted and broken centrally and on 
hind wing attenuated toward margin. Expanse, 21 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16504, U.S.N.M.; Cuernavaca, 
Mexico, June, 1906 (W. Schaus); Zacualpan, Mexico, May, 1913 
(R. Miller). 


392 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. | VOL, 47, 


Family PYRALIDAE. 
Subfamily PYRAUSTINARE. 


Genus EDIA Dyar. 
EDIA EXTRALINEA, new species. 


Blackish gray, the veins finely lined in whitish; outer line whitish, 
curved, close to the margin at apex, but running to near middle of 
wing on inner margin, followed by a dark line. Hind wing fuscous. 
Expanse, 14 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 15483, U.S.N.M.; Tehaucan, Mexico, Septem- 
ber, 1913 (R. Miiller). 

Close to Edia belialis Druce (Pionea belialis Druce'), but without 
yellowish ground, the outer line single. I have identified as belialis 
Druce specimens from Colorado? which agree with Druce’s figure 
of the type from Amula, Guerrero, Mexico, but I have not had Mexi- 
can specimens for comparison. Two other species of Edia will have 
synonymy as follows: 

EDIA HELIANTHIALES Murtteldt. 
Titanio helianthiales Murtre.pt, Can. Ent., vol. 29, 1897, p. 71. 
Pionea thyanalis Druce, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Lep. Het., vol. 2, 1899, p. 557. 
EDIA BIDENTALIS Barnes and McDunnough. 


Cynaeda bidentalis BanNEsand McDunnovueg, Cont. Nat. Hist. Lep. North Amer., 
vol. 1, pt. 5, 1912, p. 33. 
Edia microstagma Dyar, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 44, 1913, p. 320. 


Genus LIPOCOSMA Lederer. 
LIPOCOSMA ILLOSALIS, new species. 


Dark brown, thickly irrorate on a pale straw-colored ground, dark 
in fresh specimens, the marks obscured, lighter in old ones and the 
markings then more relieved. Lines single, dark, the inner curved, 
the outer curved to vein 2, then again below; a quadrate discal patch 
of two opposed cusps, filled in between by dark color; a whitish spot 
beyond, distinct in fresh specimens; a dark terminal line. Hind wing 
pale at the base, shaded with dark brown outwardly in the middle; an 
outer curved dark brown line; a terminal dark line; a dark ray on 
submedian fold, interrupted by a white dot. Expanse, 15 mm. 

Cotypes.—Four specimens, No. 16452, U.S.N.M.; Tehuacan, Mex- 
ico, April, 1913 (R. Miller). 


Genus SYNGAMIA Guenée. 
SYNGAMIA FLOREPICTA, new species. 


Rose-pink with pale yellow patches edged by dark lines; fore wing 
with a small hyaline-white spot near base of cell; a double yellow 


1 Biol. Cent.-Amer., Lep. Het., vol. 2, 1899, p. 557. 
2 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 25, 1902, p. 397. 


NO. 2054. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 3893 


patch, half on costa beyond end of cell, the other portion on inner 
margin, entering cell, and not quite touching the outer portion. Hind 
wing with a broad median band, widening in its central third, leaving 
a narrow rose-pink margin; a white-hyaline spot in cell. Expanse, 
18 mm. 

Type.—No. 16453, U.S.N.M.; Cerritos, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, 
August, 1911.(R. Muller). 


Genus BOCCHORIS Moore. 
BOCCHORIS REHAMALIS, new species. 


White, with a faint ocher tint, marked with broad anastomosing 
dark brown lines; fore wing with costal fourth brown, followed by 
five scattered dots; an oblique band near base; inner band roundedly 
furcate on subcosta, straight below; outer band starting on middle 
of inner margin, touching the elliptical, open-centered reniform, 
reflexed to submarginal line, incurved, touching the submarginal 
again subapically; submarginal line with two bars to join the terminal 
line. Hind wing with straight, broad mesial band; outer line also 
straight, joming the submarginal near vein 2; submarginal line with 
two bars to the outer line as on fore wing. Expanse, 19 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two specimens, No. 16454, U.S.N.M.; Tehuacan, Mexico, 
August and October, 1910 (R. Miller). 


Genus CLINIODES Guenée. 
CLINIODES MOSSALIS, new species. 


White; fore wing with a large brown patch covering cell and extend- 
ing a little below and beyond it, leaving a small lunate spot at end of 
cell; a broad submarginal band of light blue-gray, reaching apex, 
bent on vein 1; a marginal brown band, which touches the gray band 
above and overlaps it a little, producing a deeper color; a row of ter- 
minal black dots. Hind wing translucent white, with terminal black 
dots centrally; fringe opaque white. Expanse, 35 mm. 

Type.—No. 16455, U.S.N.M.; Tehuacan, Mexico, June, 1910 
(R. Miller). 

Genus PILOCROCIS Lederer. 
PILOCROCIS CORA, new species. 


Palpi broadly scaled, the third joint appressed, first and half of 
second joints white below. Blackish with violaceous reflection; 
lines blackish, the outer bordered with whitish, excurved over the 
discocellulars, retracted below the end of the cell; discal mark black, 
lunate. Fringe of hind wing white outwardly. Expanse, 30 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16458, U.S.N.M.; Orizaba, Mexico, October, 1907 
(R. Miller). 

Male with a costal fold at base of fore wing, without projecting hairs. 
Like P. ramentalis Lederer in coloration, but only the outer line 


394 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47. 


whitish edged and that indistinctly so. A female from Trinidad is 
like the male. Another female from Trinidad and three from Orizaba 
and Tehuacan, Mexico, are less distinctly marked, the whitish border 
of the outer line being lacking on both wings. 


Genus ISCHNURGES Lederer. 
ISCHNURGES CHROMOPHILA, aew species. 


Fore wing yellow, marked with pink; a band on basal third of costa, 
becoming powdery centrally; a round spot in cell; reniform large, 
pink, joined to costa and to the projection of outer border; terminal 
border pink, joined along costa to a trace of subterminal line, crenu- 
late within, joined to a bar rising from before tornus. Terminal third 
of abdomen pink. Expanse, 17-20 mm. 

Cotypes.—Three females, No. 16512, U.S.N.M.; Tehuacan, Mexico, 
July, 1909 and 1913 (R. Miller). 

Near J. perpulchralis Hampson, but differing in markings and with- 
out pink on hind wing. 


Genus DIASEMIA Guenée. 
DIASEMIA PARTICOLOR, new species. 


Straw yellow; fore wing with reddish brown shadings at base; 
reniform fused in a purple shade that occupies most of the area beyond 
the outer line; terminal area narrowly yellow, widening subapically 
and narrowed centrally; outer line red-brown above, where the purple 
shading is incomplete, faint below, appearing as if looped up over the 
reniform, then nearly straight and perpendicular to margin. Hind 
wing of the same light yellow; a large purple cloud at apex; smaller 
clouds at tornus and following it submarginally; a minute discal dot, 
followed by a streak across inner area. Expanse, 19 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16505, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, July, 
1913 (R. Miller). 


Genus LIOPASIA MoOschler. 
LIOPASIA MACULIFIMBRIA, new species. 


Wood brown, sordid; inner line obsolete, but its location followed 
by a black streak on submedian fold, below which a dark brown shade 
fills median space below the fold; outer line oblique from costa, black, 
slender, joining a dark shade that fills the terminal space between 
veins 3-6, then shown as obscure light flecks retiring very obliquely 
across vein 1 to the inner margin; an oblique dark streak from lower 
angle of cell to outer line along vein 3; terminal dots black, minute; 
a light line in base of fringe and series of black spots at the ends of the 
veins. Hind wing sordid whitish, darker shaded about apex, fringe 
indistinctly spotted. . Expanse, 30 mm. 


No, 2054. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 395 


Type.—Female, No. 16506, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, May, 
1913 (R. Miller). Also two worn females, Cuernavaca, Mexico, 
April, 1912 (R. Miiller). 

This species seems nearest to Liopasia, though there is no scale- 
tuft at anal angle of fore wing. 


Genus PHLYCTAENODES Guenée. 
PHLYCTAENODES PHRIXALIS, new species. 


Pale straw yellow, dusted with brown; lines very slender, brown; 
inner line oblique across cell, angled across submedian fold; outer line 
sharply dentate between the veins, excurved above, forming a sinus 
at vein 2 and a tooth outward on submedian fold; marginal brown 
shade dentate on the veins with slight preceding intervenular streaks; 
orbicular and reniform brown, solid; some brown powdering below 
reniform. Hind wing with a faint shaded discal dot; mesial line 
similar to outer line of fore wing, not attaining the costa; termen as 
on fore wing, the subterminal streaks shaded, forming a faint zigzag 
line. Expanse, 29 mm. 

Type-—Female, No. 16510, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, July, 
1913 (R. Miller). 

Genus PIONEA Guenée. 
PIONEA DISCORDALIS, new species. 


Dark brown, a slight yellow under tint showing especially cbout 
outer line; lines blackish, slender; inner line not reaching costa, 
wavy, upright; outer line broadly excurved, dentate between veins, 
forming a sinus at vein 2 and an angle on submedian fold; orbicular a 
dot; reniform lunate, black, solid; terminal line black, followed by a 
light line in base of fringe. Hing wing slightly bronzy, nearly as dark 
as fore wing; veins dark; a black point in center of cell; a smooth 
mesial line, nearly parallel to outer margin, excurved slightly over the 
discal venules; termen as on fore wing. Expanse, 28 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16511, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, July, 
1913 (R. Miller). 


Genus PYRAUSTA Schrank. 
PYRAUSTA STENIALIS, new species. 


Slender; fore wing pointed at apex, rather thinly scaled; vein 10 
touching 9 at several points after origin but not actually anastomosing; 
straw yellow, brown irrorate; lines brown, rather thick; inner line 
arcuate; outer line straight above to vein 2, running in thence to 
below cell and again straight to margin; orbicular a dot; reniform a 
double bar. Hind wing with a single line like the outer on fore wing. 
Expanse, 18 mm. 

Type-—Male, No. 16507, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, May, 
1913 (R. Miller). 


396 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47, 


PYRAUSTA POSTAPERTA, new species. 


Gray, tinged with crimson; lines slender, dark; inner line dentate 
on vein 1; outer line excurved over cell, denticulate, running in 
below, making a shallow sinus below median vein and a little on vein 
1; restricted yellow patches before inner line, in cell and beyond outer 
line and a trace on termen and fringe; orbicular and reniform small, 
dark; a terminal dark line. Hind wing whitish; an erect gray line 
across disk from near end of vein 2 to middle of costa, before which 
the veins and discal dot are lightly gray; beyond it a clear space; a 
gray terminal border and darker line. Expanse, 20 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16508, U.S.N.M.; Mexico City, Mexico, October, 
1908 (R. Miller). Also three males and one female from the same 
place with additional data May, 1909 (R. Miller); one female, 
Oaxaca, Mexico (Schaus collection). 


PYRAUSTA DISSIMULANS, new species. 


Yellow, tinged with crimson; inner line straight; outer line 
smoothly excurved to vein 2, then straight; space between shaded 
with crimson-gray; apex clouded with same color, sending down a 
straight submarginal band. Hind wing yellow, translucent, a mesial 
faint straight gray line and faint discal dot close to it; a nearly mar- 
ginal dark gray band, widening at apex; termen touched with crimson. 
Expanse, 20 mm. . 

Type.—Female, No. 16509, U.S.N.M.; Mexico City, Mexico, July, 
1913 (R. Miller). 


Subfamily NYMPHULINAE. 
Genus CLUPEOSOMA Snellen. 
CLUPEOSOMA PSEUDOPIS, new species. 


Fore wing straw-yellow, dusted with brown; lines brown, smooth; 
subbasal line slight, curved; inner line strongly angled on median 
vein to origin of vein 2, vein 2 and median vein beyond brown, inclos- 
ing, with the outer line, a discolorous whitish space; orbicular a point 
or absent; reniform an arc; outer line strongly excurved opposite 
cell; a purplish cloud filling most of terminal area below vein 6. 
Hind wing whitish, straw-color at tip; some purplish on termen and 
fringe. Expanse, male, 18 mm.; female, 23 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, one female, No. 16513, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, 
Mexico, July, 1913, and November, 1911 (R. Miller). 


CLUPEOSOMA SUFFLEXALE, new species. 

Fore wing whitish straw-color shaded and blotched with brown; 
subbasal line lost in brown mottlings; inner line bent at right-angles, 
the point at origin of vein 2; orbicular a dot; reniform an arc; outer 
line excurved above opposite cell, slightly fiexuous, angled on vein 1; 


No. 2054. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 397 


veins brown lined; subterminal line straight, rather broad, dark brown, 
bent below costa; subterminal space filled with brown shading except 
toward costa; terminal space forming a row of pale yellow spots by 
the brown veins and double terminal line. Hind wing straw-whitish; 
a very faint outer line; terminal line double as on fore wing. Expanse, 
22 mm. 

Type-——Female, No. 18210, U.S.N.M.; Mexico City, Mexico, 
November, 1908 (R. Miller). Also three males and one female, 
Popocatepetl Park, Mexico, 8,000 feet, June, 1906 (W. Schaus), and 
one male, Iguala, Guerrero, Mexico, June, 1906 (W. Schaus). 


Genus STENIA Guenée. 
STENIA BENETINCTALIS, new species. 


Fore wing soiled white, shaded with brown from the costa down- 
ward and with blackish broadly over apex; lines blackish; the inner 
showing only below median vein; a point in cell and spot at end, 
below which latter is a wavy median band, the inner segment of the 
outer line; outer line excurved over the discal venules, the connection 
to the inner segment along vein 2 very faint; a terminal row of small, 
well-separated dots. Hind wing whitish with a small discal dot, the 
outer line excurved over the discal nervules, only a trace of the 
oblique retracted portion; a blackish patch at apex. Expanse, 
15 mm. 

Type.—No. 16456, U.S.N.M.; Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico, October, 
1912 (R. Miller). 


Subfamily CHRYSAUGINAE. 


Genus GALASA Walker. 
GALASA UNIFACTALIS, new species. 


Hind wing with vein 3 absent, 2 from the cell, 4 and 5 separate, closely 
approximated at base. Fore wing with vein 3 from the cell in the 
male or close to it, stalked in the female, vein 8 absent in the male. 
Male with two indentations on the costa, female with a single shallow 
emargination. Fore wing deep purple, a little shining, uniform in the 
male, showing a little red tint on costa in female, especially on the 
basal lobe; lines nearly obsolete, consisting of rows of white points, 
curved, parallel, dividing the wing nearly evenly in thirds, more 
approximated in the male. Hind wing pale fuscous, darker and uni- 
form in the female, a little pale over the base and inner area in the 
male. Fringe of inner margin touched with dull crimson. Head 
roughly scaled on vertex and dull ocher. Expanse, male, 15 mm.; of 
female 15-17 mm. 

Cotypes.—One male, two females, No. 16255, U.S.N.M.; Jalapa, 
Mexico (Schaus collection); Misantla, Mexico, August, 1912 (R. 
Miller); Orizaba, Mexico (Schaus collection). 


398 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47. 


ee ne errrrarerere ener raneeacrnn EERE UE REUESUIREEEEEEEEURE 


TIPPECOA, new genus. 


Fore wing with vein 2 from the cell, 3 to 5 stalked, 6 below apex of 
cell, 7 and 8 stalked, 9 and 10 absent, 11 anastomosing with 12. 
Hind wing with 2 from the cell, 3 and 5 stalked, 4 absent. Differs 
from Xantippe in the loss of veins 9 and 10 of fore wing and 4 of hind 
wing. 

Type of the genus.— Tippecoa infans, new species. 


TIPPECOA INFANS, new species. 


Fore wing reddish ocher, the lines dark, shading centrally, making 
the median space appear darker than the rest of the wing, inner 
straight, outer incurved on submedian fold; a faint terminal dark 
line. Hind wing fuscous, fringe pale. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type.—No. 16457, U.S.N.M.; Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico, December, 
1912 (R. Miller). 

CROMARCHA, new genus. 


Pali slender, porrect, curved toward each other at tips, extending 
nearly twice the length of the head. Fore wing with vein 2 long 
before the angle of the cell, 3-5 stalked, 6-9 stalked, 10 absent, 11 
from the cell. Hind wing with 3 before the angle of the cell, 4-5 
stalked, 6-7 stalked, 7 anastomosing with 8. 

Type of the genus.—Cromarcha polybata, new species. 


CROMARCHA POLYBATA, new species. 


Fore wing carneous brown at base and along inner margin below 
the submedian fold to outer line; subbasal area gray with scattered 
black scales, forming a wide wedge ending in a point above the mar- 
gin near an angle thickly clothed with black scales; next a costal 
white wedge ending at submedian fold; discal area bright red-brown 
inwardly, purple-brown outwardly; a red streak above submedian 
fold and small purple reniform; outer line whitish, double, wavy, 
crossing the purple field; a subterminal white band, bent out below 
vein 5, narrowing to tornus; terminal space purple, red-brown at 
apex. Hind wing fuscous. Expanse, 20 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16516, U.S.N.M.; Tehuacan, Mexico, July, 1913 


(R. Miller). 
BALIDARCHA, new genus. 


Palpi slender, porrect, curved toward each other at tips, extending 
nearly twice the length of the head. Fore wing with veins 2, 3 separ- 
ate, 4-5 shortly stalked, 6-9 stalked, 6 shortly so, 10 absent, 11 from 
the cell. Hind wing with 4-5 from a point, 6-7 stalked, 7 anastomos- 
ing with 8 shortly. 

Type of the genus.—Balidarcha cuis, new species. 


No. 2054. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 399 


BALIDARCHA CUIS, new species. 


Whitish brown, slightly olivaceous, the rather narrow median space 
a shade darker, bounded by two faint, white, slender lines; faint 
traces of a subterminal pale line. Hind wing pale fuscous tinted, a 
little darker about apex and margin. Expanse, 17 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16517, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, July, 1913 


(R. Miller). 
ANEMOSELLA, new genus. 


Palpi porrect, rostriform, downcurved, extending about three times 
the length of the head. Fore wing with veins 2 to 5 separate, 6-10 
stalked, 11 free. Hind wing with 3 before the angle of the cell, 4-5 
from a point, 6 from apex of cell, 7 anastomosing with 8. 

Type of the genus.—Anemosella basalis, new species. 


ANEMOSELLA BASALIS, new species. 


Fore wing long, parallel sided, brownish gray, crossed by two white 
smooth parallel oblique lines; basal space wide, dark brown; a patch 
of dark brown at apex; discal spot gray. Hind wing grayish over 
pale straw-color, a dark cloud along submedian fold outwardly. 
Expanse, 25 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16514, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, June 


1913 (R. Miller). 
MYOLISA, new genus. 


Palpi thick, roughly scaled, slender at base, porrect, rostriform, 
downcurved, exceeding twice the length of the head; front with a 
sharp conical tuft. Fore wing with veins 2 to 5 separate, 7-9 stalked, 
10 and 11 on the cell. Hind wing with 2 to 5 separate, 6 from apex of 
cell, 7 and 8 anastomosing. Fore wing of male without tympanic 
vesicle. 

Type of the genus.— Myolisa chattinis, new species. 

MYOLISA CHATTINIS, new species. 


Pale creamy ocher; discal dot large, round, brown-black; costal 
edge narrowly brown-black; an oblique line straight across wing near 
the middle, red-brown, lightly traced but followed below by a spread- 
ing reddish shade; outer line very faint and fine, brown, flexuous, 
excurved opposite cell; a costo-subapical faint dark cloud. Hind 
wing soiled whitish with red-brown powdering about apex and margin. 
Expanse, 20 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16515, U.S.N.M.; Tehuacan, Mexico, October, 
1910 (R. Miller). 

Subfamily SCHOENOBIINAKE. 


ZABOBA, new genus. 


Palpi porrect, slightly thickened, straight and extending three 
times the length of the head. Fore wing with veins 2 and 3 close 


400 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


together before the angle of the cell, 4-5 long-stalked, 6 from apex of 

cell, 7-9 stalked, 10 absent, 11 on the cell close to apex and curved at 

base. Hind wing with 2 before the angle of the cell, 3 and 5 approxi- 

mated at base, 4 absent, 6-7 stalked, 7 anastomosing with 8. 
Type of the genus.—Zaboba pyraloides, new species. 


ZABOBA PYRALOIDES, new species. 


Fore wing grayish brown, a little more ocherous along costa and 
apex; lines blackish, somewhat diffused; inner line in-angled in cell, 
followed by a round dot, excurved across submedian; outer line run- 
ning in a little to vein 5, then projected outward and denticulate over 
the nervules, inward a little across the submedian area; termen with 
denser dark irrorations. Hind wing brown-gray, without any ocher- 
ous; a faint dark mesial line, running in along submedian fold. 
Expanse, 23 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16518, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, July, 
1913 (R. Miller). 

SCHACONTIA, new genus. 


Fore wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked; 6 and 7 stalked from below 
angle of cell; 8 to 10 stalked, 10 small or obsolete, 11 from the cell. 
Hind wing with 3 near angle of cell, 4 and 5 stalked, 8 anastomosing 
with 7. Palpi porrect, slender, exceeding the front; front with 
conical prominence. 

Type of the genus.—Schacontia medalba Schaus." 


SCHACONTIA REPLICA, new species. 


Fore wing dark olive brown at base, angled centrally; median 
area washed with white, shading to olive brown again before the 
outer line; this line whitish, shading outwardly, excurved on upper 
half nearly to outer margin, then straight, angled on vein 1 and 
oblique to middle of inner margin. Hind wing soiled whitish, with 
curved fuscous submarginal line. Expanse, 19 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 15484, U.S.N.M.; Orizaba, Mexico, March, 
1912 (R. Miller). 

Similar to S. medalba in color and pattern, but the dark basal space 
of fore wing smaller, the median whitish area consequently wider. 

SCHACONTIA CHANESALIS Druce. 

Pionea chanesalis Druck, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Lep. Het., vol. 2, 1899, p. 557, pl. 101, 
fig. 8. 

Mr. Schaus sent me a specimen of S. replica labelled “ chanesalis 
Druce,” but according to Druce’s figure and description, chanesalis 
has the medial white area very narrow, almost a band. It will 
undoubtedly fall in this genus. S. chanesalis is from Guatemala. 


1Acontia? medalba Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 1904, p. 163, 


NO. 2054. NHW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 401 


Subfamily CRAMBINAEX. 
Genus CULLADIA Moore. 
CULLADIA BELLIFERENS, new species. 


Fore wing silvery white; inner band ocher yellow, mwardly 
oblique, with spotted black edges; outer band of same color, from 
costa at outer fourth, touching the margin above middle, then 
curved to inner margin at outer fourth; terminal line blackish; 
fringe yellow; a small space of yellow at extreme base of wing. Hind 
wing pale fuscous. Expanse, 12 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16522, U.S.N.M.; Orizaba, Mexico (Schaus 
collection). 

Genus UBIDA Walker. 
UBIDA STRICTALIS, new species. 


Male antenne pectinated. Fore wing with the costal area to 
middle of cell dark brown, the rest gray; a white streak through the 
cell, fading out before termen; an ocher dash below median vein and 
along vein 2. Hind wing gray. Expanse, 28 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16520, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, July, 
1913 (R. Miller). 

Genus ARGYRIA Hubner. 
ARGYRIA SUPPOSITA, new species. 


Silvery white; fore wing with yellow and brown costal edge, 
widened centrally, again subapically and cleft; termen with brown- 
black line, the fringe ocher; inner margin with yellow and brown 
edge, widened triangularly centrally. Head and dorsal stripe on 
thorax yellow-brown. Expanse, 20 mm. 

Cotypes.—Three females, No. 16521, U.S.N.M.; Orizaba, Mexico 
(Schaus collection), and September, 1909 (R. Miller). Also one 
male, four females, Jalapa, Mexico (Schaus collection). 


Genus CRAMBUS Fabricius. 
CRAMBUS AUTOTOXELLUS, new species. 


Fore wing with vein 11 anastomosing with 12; hind wing with 
4-5 shortly stalked, the outer margin slightly excavated below apex. 
Dark gray, submetallic; some black specks at base and about end 
of median vein; median and outer lines brown, curved, parallel; 
three black dots on the margin at middle and two white ones above; 
a terminal silver line seen in oblique ight. Hind wing pale fuscous. 
Expanse, 21 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two females, No. 18205, U.S.N.M.; Tehuacan, Mexico, 
September, 1913 (R. Miller). 


84843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14—— 26 


402 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


DEUTEROLIA, new genus. 


Fore wing with vein 2 before the angle of the cell, 3 close to the 
angle, 4-5 stalked, 6 before apex of cell, 7-9 stalked, 10 and 11 on 
the cell, free. Hind wing with 2 near middle of cell, 3 before the 
angle, 4—5 stalked, 6 from apex of cell, far from 8, 7-8 stalked beyond 
cell. Palpi porrect, downcurved, extending twice the length of the 
head; front with a conical prominence. Fore wing with the apical 
area produced to a rounded prominence. 

Type of the genus.—Deuterolia nipis, new species. 

DEUTEROLIA NIPIS, new species. 

Fore wing dark purplish gray; inner line beyond the middle, 
brown, curved, irregularly flexuous centrally; outer line near the 
margin; apex brown, cut off obliquely by the whitish, brown-edged 
upper segment of the outer line and crossed by a fine white line; 
margin below the incisure white with two black dashes, the line 
before it fine, white, dentate. Hind wing dark fuscous. Expanse, 
22-24 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two females, No. 18206, U.S.N.M.; Sierra de Guerrero, 
Mexico, July, 1913 (R. Miller). 


EUPAROLIA, new genus. 


Fore wing with vein 2 near the middle of the cell, 3-5 stalked, 6 
below the apex, 7-10 stalked, 11 curved, free. Hind wing with 2 
near the middle of the cell, 3 shortly stalked with 4-5, the stem of 6 
in the cell is far from 8, 6 arising above it but still remote from 8, 
7-8 stalked beyond end of cell. Front with a conical prominence; 
fore wing with the apical area produced to a rounded prominence. 

Type of the genus.—Euparolia nipimadalis, new species. 

EUPAROLIA NIPIMIDALIS, new species. 


Markings very much as in D. nipis, described above; outer line 
and apical white streak coarser; black spots on margin farther down 
near tornus. HExpanse, 21 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 18207, U.S.N.M.; Sierra de Guerrero, Mexico, 
July, 1913 (R. Miller). 

Subfamily PYRALINAE. 
Genus MAPETA Walker. 
MAPETA OMPHEPHORA, new species. 


Fore wing broad, the apex rectangular; pale green with two whitish 
lines and the inner margin whitish; inner line straight, oblique; outer 
line curved, nearly touching the inner line on the margin; a small 
black discal dot. Hind wing orange ocher. Head and thorax green; 
abdomen orange-ocher. Expanse, 25 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16519, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, July, 
1913 (R. Miller). 


No. 2054. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 403 


Subfamily HPIPASCHIINAE. 
Genus POCOCERA Zeller. 
POCOCERA (WANDA) VANDELLA, new species. 


Fore wing dark gray; a line of raised black scales forming an 
oblique zigzag across wing; inner line oblique, whitish, straight, 
edged with black on both sides; a row of raised scales beyond it on 
costa; a short row in the lower part of the disk; outer line whitish, 
excurved mesially, edged with a subdentate black broken line within;. 
a slender terminal black line, indistinctly broken on the veins. 
Hind wing pale yellowish in the male, with terminal dark line; 
slightly shaded with fuscous outwardly in the female. Expanse, 22 
to 26 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, four females, No. 15485, U.S.N.M.; Tehuacan, 
Mexico, July, 1912, August, 1910 and 1911, September, 1911 (R. 
Miller); Cerritos, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, August, 1911 (R. Miiller). 

Resembles P. variella Ragonot, but is larger and darker. 


Subfamily PHY CITINAKE. 
Genus HOMALOPALPIA Dyar. 
HOMALOPALPIA EUTHALES, new species. 


Male antenne with a notch in the side of the basal joint, the flagel- 
lum simple. Fore wing dark gray at the base, followed by a line of 
somewhat raised black scales; following area reddish to the oblique, 
broad, whitish inner line, straight except for a slight bend at sub- 
median; a dark gray shade following, gradually paling to a whitish 
area about the double dark discal spot; apex dark, the outer line 
cutting it obliquely, pale, indistinct below. Hind wing translucent 
whitish without fuscous shade. Expanse, 18 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16461, U.S.N.M.; Orizaba, Mexico (Schaus 
collection). 

Genus FUNDELLA Zeller. 


FUNDELLA AHEMORA, new species. 


Fore wing light gray, the lines whitish, obscure; the most con- 
spicuous marking is the dark linings on the discal venules cut by the 
outer line; inner line strongly oblique, with an irregularity at median 
vein; cell pale, outlined by dark veins; terminal dots black, small. 
Hind wing translucent, soiled whitish, the fringe dark at apex; swol- 
len area along Inner margin sordid ocherous. Expanse, 11 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16459, U.S.N.M.; Orizaba, Mexico (Schaus col- 
lection). 

Larger than pellucens Zeller, more robust, the male with a large 
tuft of curved black hair on front side of fore tibia, entirely wanting 
in. pellucens. 


404 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47. 


Genus MYELOIS Hubner. 
MYELOIS VENIPARS, new species. 


Costa gray-white; inner area broadly pale brownish; inner line 
black, broad, curved a little and widening to median vein where it is 
sharply cut off and continued to margin by a faint brown shade; 
discal dots black, separate; median vein outwardly, with veins 2, 3, 
and 4, distinctly black-lined to outer line; a slight shade from cell 
down to margin near middle; outer line far out, in-angled opposite 
cell, double, pale filled, narrowly followed by black at costa; terminal 
space faintly blackish streaked on the veins; terminal dots small, 
distinct. Hind wing translucent soiled whitish, veins darker, margin 
fuscous shaded; fringe pale with faint dark interline. Expanse, 
male, 16 mm.; female, 19 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 18208, U.S.N.M.; male, Oaxaca, 
Mexico (Schaus collection); female, Hermosillo, Mexico, bred from 
orange, November 2, 1913 (R. S. Woglum). 

Sir G. F. Hampson has determined the male as Myelois solitella 
Zeller, but after studying Zeller’s description and figure and Ragonot’s 
redescription of that Colombian species, I feel satisfied that it is not 
the one before me. The present species is close to M. transitella 
Walker, but differs most in the dark lines on the discal nervules. 


Genus CABIMA Dyar. 
CABIMA MOCHLOPHLEPS, new species. 


Fore wing soft gray, the veins lined with black, most distinctly 
around the end of the cell and the veins close to their origins there- 
from; an enlargement at base of veins 4—5 represents the discal spot; 
a brown shade through the center of the wing, cut off sharply and a 
little obliquely through the center of the cell; ordinary lines absent; 
subterminal line far from the margin, whitish, denticulate, slightly 
curved. Hind wing translucent whitish, the veins narrowly, costa 
and terminal line with its duplication in the fringe fuscous. Expanse, 
30 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 18209, U.S.N.M.; Zacualpan, Mexico, August, 
1913 (R. Miller). 

Genus MEGASIS Guenée. 
MEGASIS PUNCTELLA, new species. 


Light gray, slightly rufous through the cell; inner line of three dis- 
tinct dots on costa, median and vein 1; outer line of numerous streaks 
on the veins, confluent at costa and followed there by whitish; discal 
dot faintly indicated. Hind wing broad, pale mouse gray, the long 
fringes concolorous, but a dark terminal line as on forewing. Expanse, 
27 mm. 

Type.—No. 16462, U.S.N.M.; Tehuacan, Mexico, September, 1911 
(R. Miiller). 


NO. 2054. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEX1ICO—DYAR. 405 


Another specimen is labeled “ Zophodia wnortella Rag.” in the hand- 
writing of the late Herbert Druce, but this species can have no relation 
with Ragonot’s Zophodia inornatella, as it differs markedly in vena- 
tion, though somewhat similar superficially. 


Genus HYPSIPYLA Ragonot. 
HYPSIPYLA CNABELLA, new species. 


Similar to H. grandella Zeller, the markings less diversified, the 
veins simply and distinctly lined in black, not conspicuously blotched 
or streaked; outler line simple, pale, cutting the black ves, drawn 
in a little below vein 2, but not at all dentate; pale median area re- 
duced nearly to obliteration, showing as slight yellow mottlings in 
submedian space; reddish area following indistinct; terminal dots 
nearly forming a line. Expanse, 32-34 mm. 

Cotypes.—Three males, No. 16460, U.S.N.M.; Cordoba, Mexico, 
February, 1908 (F. Knab); Orizaba, Mexico, September, 1908 


(R. Miiller). 
MILDRIXIA, new genus. 


Fore wing with veins 2 and 3 close together and parallel before the 
angle of the cell, 4-5 shortly stalked, 6 below angle of cell, 8—9 stalked, 
10 free before the apex of the cell, 11 on the cell. Hind wing with the 
cell rather short, vein 2 before the angle, 3 and 5 long-stalked with 4, 
3 joined to the stem for a considerable distance, 6 joined to 7-8, which 
anastomose, but leave 7 and 8 rather long and subparallel. Front 
with a large scaly tuft; labial palpi upturned above vertex, not 
appressed to the front; maxillary palpi simple, scaly. Male anten- 
ne with long cilia in two rows, basal joint with two short projections, 
one vertical, one lateral. A subbasal scale-ridge on fore wing. 

Type of the genus.— Mildrixia constitutionella, new species. 


MILDRIXIA CONSTITUTIONELLA, new species. 


Fore wing stone-gray, the subbasal scale ridge black, reaching to 
subcosta, preceded by a whitish line; an indistinct outward doubling 
dark shade; discal dots black, separated, the lower one followed by a 
little white, then some black scales; outer line denticulate, pale, dark 
edged on both sides; terminal dots subconfluent in the male. Hind 
wing whitish, pearly, translucent, costa and double terminal line gray. 
Expanse, 19-22 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16470, U.S.N.M.; Jalapa, Mexico 
(Schaus collection). 


PSEUDODIVONA, new genus. 


Fore wing with veins 2 and 3 rather close and near the angle of the 
cell, 4-5 stalked, 6 below the upper angle, 8-10 stalked, 11 from the 
cell. Hind wing with vein 2 long before the angle of the cell, 3 nearly 
opposite the cross vein, separated from it, 4-5 long stalked, 6 from 


406 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47, 


apex of cell, 7 anastomosing with 8 nearly to apex. Maxillary palpi 
thickly filiform, porrect, distinct; labial palpi densely scaly, porrect, 
slightly oblique, the third joint short, a little deflexed. Male an- 
tenn smooth, ciliate. 

Type of the genus.—Pseudodivona commensella, new species. 


PSEUDODIVONA COMMENSELLA, new species. 


Fore wing with the costa grayish white, broadly; a vinous-black 
patch near base; inner area broadly vinous-brown, shaded nearly 
to median vein and vein 2, cut broadly by the inner line, which is of 
the pale ground color, and bent on submedian; a black bar on median 
vein beyond; veins outwardly dotted and streaked with black, cut 
by the outer line, faintly, except on costa, where the line is bordered 
with black on both sides; terminal dots large, nearly confluent. 
Hind wing pale grayish, semitranslucent, costa and veins darker. 
Expanse, 19-21 mm. 

Cotypes.—Three males, No. 16463, U.S.N.M.; Jalapa and Orizaba, 
Mexico (Schaus collection). 

Resembles Zophodia dryopella Schaus very closely in markings. 
One specimen is labeled ‘‘ Vitula edmandsit Pack.” in Sir G. F. 
Hampson’s writing and on another is the same name in Mr. Schaus’s 
hand; but this determination is extremely wild and must be due to 
some mistake. 


Genus ANCYLOSTOMIA Ragonot. 
ANCYLOSTOMIA ARGYROPHLEPS, new species. 


Fore wing carneous white along costa, base of inner area and be- 
yond cell; a broad band of red-brown shaded with blackish, from 
base to apex, through the cell; a broad area of the same color about 
tornus; a silvery line along median vein and base of vein 5 with one 
black dot at end of cell; traces of a similar marking on vein 1, with 
a dot; terminal dots black, minute; fringe red-purple. Hind wing 
whitish, the veins streaked with brown; termen shaded with fuscous 
in the female. Expanse, 20-24 mm. 

Cotypes.—One male, two females, No. 16464, U.S.N.M.; Orizaba, 
Mexico (Schaus collection); Cuernevaca, Mexico, July, 1906 (W. 
Schaus); Orizaba, Mexico, August, 1911 (R. Miller). 


CACTOBROSIS, new genus. 


Fore wing long and narrow; veins 2 and 3 before the end of the 
cell, 4 and 5 stalked, 6 below the apex of the cell, straight, 8 and 9 
long-stalked, 10 and 11 on the cell. Hind wing with the cell reaching 
to the middle of the wing, vein 2 before its end, 4 absent, 3 and 5 
stalked, 6 from the apex of the cell, 7 and 8 anastomosing, but well 
marked at apex. Labial palpi upturned, smooth, cylindrical, 


No. 2054. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 407 


slightly angled by scales at the joints. Maxillary palpi small, fili- 
form. 
Type of the genus.—Cactobrosis elongatella Hampson.* 


KEY TO SPECIES. 


Malovantenns pectinated . 2... << fs..22o.< osc meee -coemeleicinnacce= Jernaldalis Hulst. 
Male antenne serrate and fasciculate. 
Male smaller, gray, the fore wing with two pale lines. ....-.. elongatella Hampson. 


Male larger, luteous on disk of fore wing, with large black spots on the veins, 


maculifera Dyar. 
CACTOBROSIS FERNALDALIS Hulst. 


Melitara fernaldalis Huust, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 13, 1886, p. 163. 
Euzophera gigantella Raconot, Nouv. Gen. Sp. Phyc. et Gall., 1888, p. 32. 
Honora cinerella Huust, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 8, 1901, p. 223. 
Melitara fernaldalis Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 7, 1905, p. 36. 


CACTOBROSIS MACULIFERA, new species. 


Fore wing gray with luteous tint over the submedian area; lines 
obsolete, broadly indicated by absence of black linings and powder- 
ings; irregular streaks on the veins except on termen, forming con- 
spicuous spots in two rows across the wing on each side of the inner 
line area; a mark in end of cell, clouded; outer line entirely lost; 
some black streaks preceding its position. Hind wing translucent 
white. Expanse, 36 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16465, U.S.N.M.; Oaxaca, Mexico (Schaus 
collection) 

CACTOBROSIS LONGIPENNELLA Hampson. 
Euzophera longipennella Druce, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Lep. Het., vol. 2, 1896, p. 285 
(nomen nudum). 
Euzophera longipennella Hampson, Romanoff Mem., vol. 8, 1901, p. 52. 

My specimens are exactly like the females of elongatella Hampson, 
only larger (elongatella female expands 30-32 mm.; longipennella, 
35-39 mm.). The two names probably refer to one species, but 
males must be seen for certainty. 


CACTOBROSIS INSIGNATELLA, new species. 


Fore wing soft gray without transverse black markings; the ordi- 
nary lines show as faintly paler shades, broad, diffuse, obscure, the 
outer showing a central stout tooth; veins slightly lined in blackish, 
the submedian fold rather conspicuously so. Hind wing whitish, 
with fuscous veins at apex, terminal line and line in the fringe. 
Expanse, 37-40 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two females, No. 16466, U.S.N.M.; Oaxaca, Mexico 
(Schaus collection). 


1 Moodna elongatella Hampson, Romanoff Mem., vol. 8, 1901, p. 269. 


408 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. | VOL. 47, 


Genus YOSEMITIA Ragonot. 


YOSEMITIA DIDACTICA, new species. 


Fore wing gray, faintly carneous, the costal half white with longi- 
tudinal lines of black dustings; a streak near center of costa; discal 
dot single, black, rounded; outer line distinct, black, double, dentate, 
fainter below and parallel to the margin. Hind wing whitish, 
translucent, broadly pale gray shaded at the apex. Expanse, 20 mm. 

Cotypes.—Male and female, No. 16467, U.S.N.M.; Tehuacan, Mex- 
ico, May and June, 1913 (R. Miller). 

Near Y. graciella Hulst, but much more slender and delicate in 
build. 

Genus VITULA Ragonot. 


VITULA MALACELLA, new species. 


Light gray, the costa white to the cell; discal dots blackish, faint; 
outer line slight, oblique, white, with gray edges, situated close to the 
margin; a purple-black line on basal third of costa, ending in a small 
angle with a tuft below. Hind wing whitish, gray on costa and ter- 
men. Expanse, 10 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 16468, U.S.N.M.; Tehuacan, Mexico, May, 1911 


(R. Miller). 
MOODNOPSIS, new genus. 


Venation of Moodna except that veins 8 and 9 of fore wing and 
7 and 8 of hind wing are still distinct, not coincident. Hind wing with 
seven veins; 8-9 of fore wing stalked; 2 before angle of cell; labial 
palpi porrect; veins 4-5 of fore wing stalked; labial palpi slender, 
compressed, over twice as long as head; cell of hind wing moderate, 
less than half the length of the wing, veins 4 and 5 separate. 

Type of the genus.— Moodnopsis decipiens, new sp-cies. 


MOODNOPSIS DECIPIENS, new species. 


_ Dark gray, obscurely marked; a broad dark band for inner line, 
oblique, slightly irregular but indistinct; discal dot double, generally 
separated; outer line defined by interrupted dark streaks on the veins, 
itself of the ground color, the wing slightly tinged with purplish, 
especially outwardly; terminal dark powdering; fringe with a pale 
line at base. Hind wing pale fuscous, with dark terminal line and 
pale one at base of fringe; fringe gray. Expanse, 28 mm. 

Cotypes—Two females, No. 16469, U.S.N.M.; Orizaba, Mexico 
(Schaus collection). 

The specimens were identified as Ephestia kuehnielle Zellner, which 
I have also from Orizaba, but the resemblance is only superficial. 


No. 2054. NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO—DYAR. 409 


Genus AURORA Ragonot. 
AURORA DIMIDIATELLA, new species. 


Fore wing gray-white on costal half, irrorated with darker, the 
inner half carneous gray; colors divided by a white line along median 
vein, edged with blackish below, especially in submedian fold, diffused 
and fading beyond vein 2. Hind wing pale fuscous tinted. Expanse, 
21 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16523, U.S.N.M.; Tehuacan, Mexico, Sep- 
tember, 1912 (R. Miller). 


Genus BANDERA, Ragonot. 
BANDERA HOMIOTES, new species. 


Fore wing gray-white on costal half, whiter in the cell, the inner 
half carneous gray; colors divided by a white line along median vein, 
edged with black below along submedian fold as far as origin of vein 2. 
Hind wing pale fuscous. Expanse, 16 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 16524, U.S.N.M.; Oaxaca, Mexico (Schaus 
collection). 

On one wing vein 5 is present, very short and close to the margin, 
but I regard this as an abnormality. 


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LITTORAL MARINE MOLLUSKS OF CHINCOTEAGUE 
ISLAND, VIRGINIA. 


By Joun B. HENDERSON and Paut Bartscu, 
Of the United States National Museum. 


INTRODUCTION. 


During July, 1913, the writers made a short trip to Chincoteague, 
on the Atlantic shore of Accomac County, Virginia, for the purpose 
of ascertaining the local marine fauna. Owing to the inaccessibility 
of this strip of coast, generally known as the ‘‘Eastern Shore,” 
collectors seem to have neglected it. At all events, there appear to 
be but few records and no critical lists published of the shallow water 
shells from any locality between Cape May, New Jersey, and Beaufort, 
North Carolina. Our chief desire was to find out of just what ele- 
ments the molluscan fauna consisted—to see how many, if any, 
species of southern range lapped over from Hatteras, and what 
northern species still persisted in this faunal area. We were happy 
in our somewhat haphazard choice of a locality for we encountered 
at Chincoteague a greater variety of stations than likely can be found 
at any other one point along this section of the coast. There are, 
first, the interior sounds of very considerable extent. These are 
very shallow (4 to 12 feet), more or less thickly sown with oyster 
beds and with patches of eel grass, the bottom ranging from hard 
sand through varying degrees of hard clay to soft mud. Second, we 
found the unusual feature of a bight or protected cove formed by 
the southward drift at the southern end of Assateague Island, pro- 
tected from heavy wave action by a long, curved sand spit. This 
bight has a soft mud bottom, with a temperature possibly 8° less 
than that of the open sea. The mud which we brought up with the 
dredge seemed almost icy to the touch. This condition is probably 
produced by cold springs seeping through the floor of the bight. 
This colder water of the bight yielded to our dredge Yoldia limatula, 
large and fine, and Nucula proxima, whereas just around the pro- 
tective spit of sand, on the ocean side, we found dead Terebras of 
two species, some young Busycon perversa and a valve of Cardiwm 
robustum, a somewhat startling association of species. Then, lastly, 


PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 47—No. 2055. 
411 


412 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


we had the open sea, which here presumably differs in no manner 
from other open-sea stations along the 200 miles or more of this 
coast. The bottom drops off very gradually to the edge of the con- 
tinental shelf, some 75 or 100 miles out. 

The open-sea stations we occupied were, as aoe be expected, 
very poor. The smooth, hard sand bottom seemed almost barren 
of life, and the softer patches that we explored contained only many 
dead shells—mostly small bivalves. We should admit, however, 
that our work in the open sea was scarcely a good test, although we 
made probably 20 hauls from the shore out some 4 or 5 miles, but 
the chart soundings indicated some more promising areas of pebbly 
bottom a few miles beyond what we considered the safety zone for 
a small motor boat. 

The inner waters of the sound we found unexpectedly rich in 
molluscan life, the species, for the most part, not having been taken 
outside or in the bight. 

We spent but two full working days, and were fortunate in securing 
an excellent boat and obliging skipper. The material has been 
identified with great care, all the critical species having been sub- 
jected to the most rigorous investigation. The following is the list 
of our catch: 

LIST OF SPECIES COLLECTED. 
OSTREA VIRGINICA Gmelin. 
ANOMIA GLABRA Verrill. 
PECTEN GIBBUS IRRADIANS Lamarck. 
MYTILUS EDULIS Linnaeus. 
SCAPHARCA TRANSVERSA Say. 

The typical as well as a varietal form occurs. 
SCAPHARCA CAMPECHENSIS PEXATA Say. 

Some specimens referable to the form holmesii Kurtz. 
ARCA (NOETIA) PONDEROSA Say. 

NUCULA PROXIMA Say. 
Assateague Bight only. 
YOLDIA LIMATULA Say. 

Assateague Bight only. These specimens all show a tendency to 
turn up the pointed end, giving a slightly concave dorsal line from 
the beak to the anterior tip. 

LEDA ACUTA Conrad. 

VENERICARDIA GRANULOSA Say=CARDITA BOREALIS Authors. 
VENERICARDIA (PLEUROMERIS) TRIDENTATA Say. 

ASTARTE CASTANEA Say. 

CRASSATELLA (ERIPHYLA) LUNULATA Conrad. 


DIVARICELLA QUADRISULCATA Orbigny. 
PHACOIDES AURANTIA Deshayes. 


One valve on beach (adventitious 2). 


no. 2055. MARINE MOLLUSKS—HENDERSON AND BARTSCH. 413 


ee 


CARDIUM ROBUSTUM Solander=CARDIUM MAGNUM Born. 
LEVICARDIUM MORTONI Conrad. 

VENUS MERCENARIA Linnaeus. 

CHIONE CANCELLATA Linnaeus. 


AGRIOPOMA CONVEXA Say. CYTHEREA CONVEXA Say. CALLOCARDIA MORRHUANA 
Lindsay. 


PETRICOLA PHOLADIFORMIS Lamarck. 
DONAX VARIABILIS Say. 

TAGELUS GIBBUS Spengler. 

TAGELUS DIVISUS Spengler. 

ANGULUS TENERA Say. 
PSAMMACOMA TENTA Say. 

Two fairly distinct forms of this occur which for the present may 
be called the southern and northern varieties. 
ABRA AEQUALIS Say. 

SPISULA (HEMIMACTRA) SOLIDISSIMA Dillwyn. 
SPISULA SOLIDISSIMA SIMILIS Say. 
SPISULA SOLIDISSIMA RAVENELI Conrad. 
MULINIA LATERALIS Say. 

LABIOSA (RAETA) CANALICULATA Say. 
LYONSIA HYALINA Conrad. 

CORBULA CONTRACTA Say. 

MYA ARENARIA Linnaeus. 

ENSIS MINOR Dall. 

PHOLAS (BARNEA) COSTATUS Linnaeus. 
TORNATINA CANALICULATA Say. 
CYLICHNELLA BIPLICATA H. C. Lee. 


Not C. bidentata Orbigny, generally accepted as synonomous. 
TEREBRA CONCAVA Say. 

TEREBRA DISLOCATA Say. 
CLATHURELLA JEWETTI Stearns (typical). 
MANGILIA, CERINA Kurtz and Stimpson. 
MANGILIA, species. 

A single specimen of what will probably prove to be a new species 
was found on the beach at Assateague Bight. This shell is too worn 
to be properly described. 

MARGINELLA APICINA BOREALIS Verrill. 
FULGUR PERVERSA Linnaeus. 

Very young specimens only. 

FULGUR CARICA Linnaeus. 
SYCOTYPUS CANALICULATUS Say. 
TRITIA TRIVITTATA Say. 

NASSA OBSOLETA Say. 

NASSA VIBEX Say. 

Exceptionally large race. 
COLUMBELLA (ANACHIS) AVARA Say (typical). 

Large, solid, dingy colored, with 10 to 12 prominent ribs. 
COLUMBELLA (ASTYRIS) LUNATA Say. 

Specimens from the same haul of the dredge vary greatly in color 
patterns from light with dark maculations to dark with light macu- 
lations to solid reddish brown; the latter is suggestive of Stimpson’s 


414 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 47, 


C. dissimilis. It seems useless to attempt any divisions into sub- 
species based upon color characters only. 
EUPLEURA CAUDATA Say. 
Exceptionally large. 
UROSALPINX CINEREUS Say. 

The enormous size of our specimens taken from the oyster beds at 
first led us to suspect a new species. Say’s type, however, came from 
the Maryland shore and is much larger than the shells of this species 
from either north or south of this region. These, then, are probably 
typical cinereus and specimens from Long Island as well as those 
from Hatteras south belong to a much smaller race. Some of our 
shells measure 51.5 mm. long by 26.4 diameter, while the general 
average 1s not very much less. A few specimens (dead) dredged in 
the open sea are of the smaller race generally known to collectors 
(20.8 mm. long by 11.4 mm). 


EPITONIUM VIRGINICUM, new species. 


Plate 18, fig. 1. 


Shell very small, broadly conic, white. Nuclear whorls 4, well 
rounded, polished, separated by a strongly impressed suture. Post- 
nuclear whorls inflated, marked by very slender lamellar, retractive 
axial ribs, of which 36 occur upon the first, 48 upon the second, and 60 
upon the last turn. The spaces between the axial ribs are a little 
more than twice as wide as the ribs, and are crossed by very fine 
spiral threads which run up on the sides of the ribs but do not cross 
their summit. Of these spiral threads about 20 occur between 
the sutures on the middle whorl. These threads are about one-half 
as wide as the spaces that separate them, and are a little more 
closely spaced at the summit than on the middle of the whorls. 
Suture strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl well 
rounded. Base well rounded, marked by the continuations of the 
axial ribs, which extend undiminished to the umbilical region, where 
they approach each other to such an extent that they become almost 
fused. Aperture very broadly and very regularly oval; outer lip thin, 
showing the external sculpture within; inner lip appressed to the body 
whorl, evenly curved; parietal wall covered with a thick yellowish 
callus. 

The type, Cat. No. 252568, U.S.N.M., was dredged at Chincoteague, 
Virginia. It has a trifle more than three post-nuclear whorls, and 
measures: Length, 3 mm.; diameter, 14 mm. 

This little gem appears to be a full-grown individual, judging 
by the slight thickening of the lip. 

EPITONIUM SAYANA Dall, 
EPITONIUM LINEATA Say, 


EPITONIUM MULTISTRIATA Say, 
MELANELLA OLEACEA Kurtz and Stimpson=‘*‘EULIMA OLEACEA”’ Kurtz and Stimpson, 


no, 2055. MARINE MOLLUSKS—HENDERSON AND BARTSCH. 415 


TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) POWHATANI, new species. 
Plate 13, fig. 5. 


Shell broadly conic, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls decollated. 
Post-nuclear whorls moderately well rounded, feebly shouldered 
at the summit, marked by strong, almost vertical axial ribs, of which 
22 occur upon the third, 24 upon the fourth, 26 upon the fifth and 
seventh, and 28 upon the penultimate turn. These ribs are almost 
as wide as the spaces that separate them. Intercostal spaces:crossed 
by 7 equal and equally spaced, strongly incised spiral lines. Suture 
strongly marked. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base 
short, well rounded, marked by the continuations of the axial ribs, 
which extend to the umbilical chink, and 5 or 6 feebly incised, irregu- 
larly spaced spiral lines. Aperture oval; posterior angle acute; outer 
lip thin, showing the external sculpture within by transmitted light; 
inner lip somewhat twisted, slightly revolute; parietal wall covered 
with a moderately thick callus. 

The type, Cat. No. 252574, U.S.N.M., was dredged at Chincoteague, 
Virginia. It has 74 post-nuclear whorls, and measures: Length, 
5 mm.; diameter, 1.8 mm. 


TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) POCAHONTASAE, new species. 


Plate 14, fig. 4. 


Shell broadly conic, bluish white. Nuclear whorls 24, forming 
a depressed helicoid spire, the axis of which is almost at right angles 
to the axis of the succeeding turns, in the first of which it is partly 
immersed. Post-nuclear whorls very slightly rounded, moderately 
shouldered at the summit, marked by strong, slightly protractive, 
broad, well rounded, somewhat curved axial ribs, of which 18 occur 
upon all the whorls. The intercostal spaces are about twice as broad 
as the axial ribs. They are well rounded and shallow. They are 
marked by 5 broad spiral grooves and a number of fine incised lines. 
The space between the summit and the first broad groove is about 
twice as wide as that between any of the grooves. This space is 
crossed by 6 fine incised spiral lines, which are not quite equally 
spaced, the second and third and the fourth and fifth being a little 
closer to each other than the others. The space between the first 
broad groove and the second is crossed by a strongly incised fine 
spiral line, and the space between the third and fourth is likewise 
crossed by a fine incised line. Suture well impressed. Periphery 
of the last whorl feebly angulated, marking the termination cf the 
axial ribs. Base very short, well rounded, marked by 19 well-incised 
fine spiral lines, which grow successively closer spaced from the 
periphery to the umbilical area. Aperture subquadrate; posterior 
angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within; 


416 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47, 


inner lip almost vertical, slightly revolute; parietal wall glazed with a 
thin callus. 

The type, Cat. No. 252575 U.S.N.M., was dredged at Chincoteague, 
Virginia. It has 10 post-nuclear whorls, and measures: Length, 
5.7 mm.; diameter, 1.8 mm. 


TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) TOYATANI, new species. 


Plate 14, fig. 5. 


Shell broadly conic, wax yellow. Nuclear whorls decollated. 
Postnuclear whorls appressed at the summit, marked by almost 
vertical axial ribs, which are about two-thirds as broad as the spaces 
that separate them. Of these ribs 22 occur upon all but the last 
turn, which has 24. Intercostal spaces marked by 6 equal and 
equally spaced, rather broad, deeply incised spiral lines, the first 
of which is about 14 times as far anterior to the summit of the whorls 
as it is separated from the second, and three very fine lines. Two of 
these fine spiral lines occur between the summit and the first deeply 
incised line, while the third occurs halfway between the first and 
second deep spirals. Suture well marked. Periphery of the last 
whorl feebly angulated, marking the termination of the axial ribs, 
which become evanescent here. Base moderately long, well rounded, 
marked by 13 incised spiral lines of somewhat varying strength and 
irregular distribution. The space between the first of these lines and 
the first line of pits on the spire is wider than any of the spaces be- 
tween the strongly incised lines of the spire. Aperture ovate; posterior 
angle acute; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within; 
inner lip oblique, slightly curved, and somewhat reflected; parietal 
wall covered with a thin callus. 

The type, Cat. No. 252572, U.S.N.M., was dredged at Chincoteague, 
Virginia. It has 10 post-nuclear whorls, and measures: Length, 5.3 
mm.; diameter, 1.5 mm. 


TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) VIRGINICA, new species. 


Plate 13, fig. 4. 


Shell elongate-conic, wax yellow with a darker golden yellow band, 
which occupies the space bounded by the third and fourth incised 
spiral grooves. Nuclear whorls decollated, the 3 succeeding badly 
worn, the remainder well rounded, ornamented with retractive, 
rounded, moderately strong, axial ribs, which are about two-thirds 
as broad as the spaces that separate them. Of these ribs 22 occur 
upon the fourth and fifth, 26 upon the sixth, and 28 upon the penulti- 
mate whorl. In addition to the axial sculpture, the whorls are 
marked by 5 equal and almost equally spaced, strongly incised 
spiral lines, the first one of which is at a little greater distance 
below the summit than the space which separates the first and second 


wo.2055. MARINE MOLLUSKS—HENDERSON AND BARTSCH. 417 


eee ——————————————— 
incised lines. The space between the summit and the first incised 
line is crossed by 3 very fine equal and equally spaced spiral striations. 
The incised lines pass up on the sides of the ribs but do not cross 
the summit. In addition to the above sculpture, the entire surface 
of the shell is marked with microscopic lines of growth and spiral 
striations. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery of the last whorl 
well rounded. Base moderately long, well rounded, marked by the 
continuations of the axial ribs, which disappear shortly after passing 
the periphery, and 15 incised spiral lines of somewhat varying 
width. There is a plain band between the fifth spiral line of the 
spire and the first incised line of the base a little broader than the 
band at the summit. Aperture ovate; posterior angle acute; outer 
lip thin, showing the external sculpture within; inner lip thin, some- 
what sigmoid, and slightly revolute; parietal wall covered with a 
thin callus. 

The type, Cat. No. 252573, U.S.N.M., was dredged at Chincoteague, 
Virginia. It has 8 post-nuclear whorls, having lost the nucleus and 
probably the first post-nuclear turn, and measures: Length, 4.2 mm.; 
diameter, 1.4 mm. 

Another specimen, in not quite as good condition as the type, 
has 9 post-nuclear whorls, and measures: Length, 6.2 mm.; diameter, 
1.7 mm. 

TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS), species? 

A specimen apparently of an undescribed species, but too poor to 

serve for description. 
TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS), species? 
The above remarks apply also here. 


ODOSTOMIA (CHRYSALLIDA) TOYATANI, new species. 
Plate 13, fig. 2. 


Shell small, elongate-ovate, bluish white. Nuclear whorls obliquely 
immersed in the first of the succeeding turns, above which only half 
of the last volution projects. Post-nuclear whorls feebly rounded, 
shouldered at the summit, marked by somewhat retractive axial ribs, 
which are about as broad as the spaces that separate them. Of these 
ribs, 20 occur upon the first, 22 upon the second and third, and 24 
upon the last turn. In addition to the axial ribs, the whorls are 
crossed by 4 spiral cords which equal the axial ribs in strength and 
render the junction of the axial ribs and the spiral cords nodulous. 
The first of these cords is at the summit, and the fourth bounds the 
peripheral sulcus. The spaces inclosed between the axial ribs and the 
spiral cords are strongly impressed, rectangular pits, having the long 
axis parallel with the spiral sculpture. Suturechanneled. Periphery 
of the last whorl marked by a strong sulcus. Base moderately long, 
slightly umbilicated, marked by 9 spiral cords, which diminish regu- 


34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14 


20 


418 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


larly in size from the peripheral sulcus to the umbilical region. Aper- 
ture oval; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin, showing the external 
sculpture within; inner lip curved and somewhat revolute, adnate 
posteriorly to the base; parietal wall glazed with a moderately thick 
callus. 

The two specimens of this species, Cat. No. 252578, U.S.N.M., were 
dredged at Chincoteague Bay, Virginia. One of these, the type, has 5 
postnuclear whorls, and measure: Length, 2.2 mm.; diameter, 1 mm. 
ODOSTOMIA (CHRYSALLIDA), species? 

A specimen which we are unable to refer to any of the known 
forms, but which is too poor to serve as type for a new species. 
ODOSTOMIA (MENESTHO) IMPRESSA Syy. 

Two specimens. 

ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) VIRGINICA, new species. 


Plate 18, fig. 3. 


Shell small, elongate-conic, bluish white, with a narrow pale yellow 
band a little anterior to the summit. Nuclear whorls decidedly 
obliquely immersed in the first of the succeeding turns, above which 
the tilted edge of the last volution only projects. Post-nuclear 
whorls moderately well rounded, weakly shouldered at the summit, 
marked by decidedly retractive lines of growth and exceedingly fine 
spiral striations. A slender spiral thread is situated a little posterior 
to the suture, forming a slight angulation from which the whorls bend 
a little more abruptly to the inferior tuture. Suture strongly 
impressed, base of the last whorl moderately long, somewhat inflated, 
strongly rounded and openly umbilicated. Aperture oval; posterior 
angle obtuse; outer lip thin; inner lip decidedly oblique, curved and 
somewhat revolute; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. 

The type and 4 specimens were dredged at Chincoteague, Virginia. 

The type, Cat. No. 252576, U.S.N.M., has 6 post-nuclear whorls 
and measures: Length, 2.7 mm.; diameter, 1.2 mm. 


ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) POCAHONTASAE, new species. 
Plate 13, fig. 6. 


Shell small, quite regularly conic, semitranslucent, bluish white, 
with a narrow pale yellow band a little anterior to the summit. 
Nuclear whorls obliquely immersed in the first of the succeeding 
turns, above which the titled edge of the last volution only projects. 
Post-nuclear whorls flattened, feebly shouldered at the summit, the 
sides of the succeeding turns forming a perfectly straight line, marked 
by exceedingly fine protractive lines of growth, and microscopic spiral 
striations only. Suture rendered slightly channeled by the weak 
shoulder at the summit of the whorls. Periphery of the last whorl 
decidedly angulated. Base short, well rounded, narrowly umbili- 
cated, marked by lines of growth and fine spiral striations. Aperture 


’ 


no. 2055. MARINE MOLLUSKS—HENDERSON AND BARTSCH. 419 


ovate; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin; inner lip slightly curved 
and somewhat revolute, provided with a strong, oblique fold at its 
posterior extremity; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. 

The type, Cat. No. 252577, U.S.N.M., has 7 post-nuclear whorls 
and measures: Length, 2.4 mm.; diameter, 1 mm., and it was 
dredged at Chincoteague Bay, Virginia. 


TRIPHORIS PYRRHA, new species. 


Plate 14, fig. 1. 


Shell broadly conic, white. Nuclear whorls 4, the first half of the 
first turn smooth, the rest marked by 2 spiral cords and numerous 
very fine axial threads. Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, the first 
4 marked with 2 tuberculated spiral cords, of which one is immedi- 
ately below the summit and the other a little posterior to the pe- 
riphery. Beginning with the fifth whorl a third spiral thread makes 
its appearance between the two, and on the last turn attains a size 
equal to the one posterior to the periphery. In addition to the spiral 
cords, weak axial riblets are present, which render the spiral cords 
tuberculated, 16 tubercles appearing on the first and second whorl, 
18 upon the third and fourth, 20 upon the remaining. Suture some- 
what channeled. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a strong 
spiral cord, which is separated from the supraperipheral spiral cord 
by a sulcus as wide as that which separates the supraperipheral cord 
from the median. This sulcus is crossed by the continuations of the 
axial riblets, which stop at its posterior margin. Base moderately 
produced, marked by two spiral cords, one at the insertion of the 
columella and the other halfway between this and the peripheral 
cord. Aperture irregular, decidedly channeled anteriorly (outer lip 
fractured, thin); inner lip appressed to the base, and fused with the 
heavy callus which covers the parietal wall and renders the peritreme 
complete. 

The type, Cat. No. 252571, U.S.N.M., was. dredged at Chinco- 
teague. It has 7 post-nuclear whorls, and measures: Length, 2.7 
mm.; diameter, 0.9 mm. 


TRIPHORIS NIGROCINCTA C. B. Adams. 
DIASTOMA VIRGINICA, new species. 


Plate 14, fig. 3. 


Shell elongate-conic. The early whorls are chestnut brown, the 
succeeding turns flesh colored, mottled and variegated with brown; 
in some specimens the chestnut brown extends over the entire shell. 
Nuclear whorls two and one-half, well rounded, smooth. The first 
3 post-nuclear whorls rather well rounded; the succeeding turns less 
so, while the later ones are almost flat. The whorls are marked with 


420 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47, 


poorly developed axial ribs which are almost obsolete on the early 
turns, where they are merely indicated. Of these ribs, 14 occur upon 
the third and fourth, 16 upon the fifth, 18 upon the sixth, and 20 
upon the remaining turns. The intercostal spaces are fully twice as 
broad as the ribs, and are crossed by 4 low spiral bands between the 
sutures, which are a little wider than the spaces that separate them, 
rendering the axial ribs feebly nodulous at the junction with the 
ribs. On the last 2 turns the second spiral cord below the summit 
splits, thus forming 5 spiral cords on these whorls. Beginning with 
the fifth whorl the cord anterior to the periphery makes its appear- 
ance in the suture as a small spiral band, becoming more and more 
exposed in the succeeding turns. The spaces inclosed between the 
the axial ribs and the spiral cords are shallow, impressed, squarish 
pits on the middle whorls, and elongate pits having their long diam- 
eter parallel with the spiral sculpture, on the early turns and the last 
2 whorls. Suture moderately impressed. Periphery of the last 
whorl well rounded. Base moderately long, well rounded, marked by 
the feeble continuations of the axial ribs and 9 spiral cords, which 
grow successively narrower from the periphery to the umbilical area. 
These cords are separated by grooves about half as wide as the cords. 
A strong varix, forming a decided callus, is present diametrically op- 
posite the aperture on the last turn. The spiral cords, preceding and 
extending partly upon this callus, are tinged with dark chestnut 
brown. Aperture decidedly patulus, ear shaped, slightly channeled 
posteriorly and decidedly anteriorly; outer lip thin, decidedly ex- 
panded, evenly rounded, flesh colored with a checkerboard pattern 
of brown, when viewed by transmitted light, which is formed by 
squarish brown spots marking the intercostal portion of the spiral 
cords; inner lip reflected, somewhat sigmoid; parietal wall covered 
by a thick callus, rendering the peritreme complete. 

The type, Cat. No. 252569, U.S.N.M., and about 2,000 specimens 
were collected on the eel grass at Chincoteague Bay. The type has 
11 whorls, and measures: Length, 8.3 mm.; diameter at the aperture, 
3mm.; and 2.2 mm. at the antepenultimate whorl. 

There are several species of Diastoma tied up under the names of 
Bittuum nigrum Totten, and Diastoma varium Pfeiffer. It would be 
out of place in the present paper to discuss this subject at length, as 
it is to be dealt with shortly in a forthcoming monograph upon these 
small shells by Dr. Paul Bartsch, in which the synonymy as well as 
the systematic relationship of these shells will be completely dis- 
cussed. The present species is more nearly related to Diastoma 
varvum Pfeiffer, a truly West Indian species, than it is to the mol- 
lusk which has been known to us under that name from the shores 
of the South Atlantic States. 


no. 2055. MARINE MOLLUSKS—HENDERSON AND BARTSCH. 421 


CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) VIRGINICA, new species. 
Plate 14, fig. 2. 


Shell minute, dark chestnut brown, except the apex, which is yel- 
lowish white. Nuclear whorls 4, well rounded, smooth. Post-nuclear 
whorls well rounded, marked by strong axial ribs, of which 16 occur 
upon all the whorls but the last, which has 18. In addition to the 
axial ribs, the whorls are marked by 3 strong spiral cords of which 
the first, which is a little less strong than the rest, is at the summit. 
The junctions of the axial ribs and the spiral cords form strong tuber- 
cles, which are slightly elongate on the first two cords below the 
summit, while on the last cord they are truncated posteriorly, sloping 
gently anteriorly. The spaces inclosed between the spiral cords and 
the axial ribs are rectangular pits on all the whorls but the last; on 
which they are well rounded. Suture strongly constricted. Pe- 
riphery of the last whorl marked by a strong somewhat flattened keel, 
to which the axial ribs extend. Base moderately produced, marked 
by two spiral cords, one at the insertion of the columella, and another 
halfway between this and the peripheral cord. Aperture irregular, 
decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin, 
showing the external sculpture within. 

The type, Cat. No. 252570, U.S.N.M., was dredged on eel grass in 
the Bay at Chincoteague, Virginia. It has 6 post-nuclear whorls, 
and measures: Length, 2.9 mm.; diameter, 1 mm. 

LITTORINA IRRORATA Say. 
CREPIDULA FORNICATA Linnaeus. 
CREPIDULA CONVEXA Say. 
CREPIDULA PLANA Say. 

NATICA PUSILLA Say. 
POLYNICES HEROS Say. 
POLYNICES DUPLICATA Say. 


SIGARETUS PERSPECTIVUS Say. 
FISSURELLA ALTERNATA Say. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 


PrateE 13. 
Fig. 1. Epitonium virginicum, new species, type 3 mm. 
2. Odostomia (Chrysallida) toyatani, new species, type 2.2 mm. 
3. Odostomia (Evalea) virginica, new species, type 2.7 mm. 
4. Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) virginica, new species, type 4.2 mm. 
5. Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) powhatani, new species, type 5 mm. 
6. Odostomia (Evalea) pocahontasae, new species, type 2.4 mm. 
PLatTE 14. 
Fig. 1. Triphoris pyrrha, new species, type 2.7 mm. 


. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) virginica, new species, type 2.9 mm, 
. Diastoma virginica, new species, type 8.3 mm. 

. Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) pocahontasae, new species, type 5.7 mm, 
. Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) toyatani, new species, type 5.3 mm, 


aor wn 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 13 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


MOLLUSKS OF CHINCOTEAGUE, VA. 


For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 421, 


14 


RE: 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


ae 


eat ny, 


a 


MOLLUSKS OF CHINCOTEAGUE, VA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 421. 


a 


area ens ite ~ 


- 


LEPIDOPTERA OF THE YALE-DOMINICAN EXPEDITION 
OF 1913. 


By Harrison G. Dyar, 
Custodian of Lepidoptera, United States National Museum. 


A list of Dominican Lepidoptera was published many years ago by 
Godman and Salvin and Herbert Druce.!' The present list adds some 
species, but others already reported are missing from this collection. 
All the specimens were taken by H. W. Foote, either in June and July, 
1913, or without definite data. The data are therefore omitted under 
the specific headings. The names of the species are followed by the 
number of specimens taken. 


PAPILIONOIDEA. 


DANAIS PLEXIPPUS Linnaeus. 1. 
COLAENIS CILLENE Cramer. 5. 

AGRAULIS VANILLAE Linnaeus. 

JUNONIA COENIA Hiibner. 4. 

ANARTIA JATROPHAE Linnaeus, 

DIDONIS BIBLIS Fabricius. 1. 

LYCAENA HANNO Stoll. 4. 

LYCAENA CASSIUS Cramer. 2. 

THECLA SALONA Hewitson. 2. 

THECLA OTOHEBA, new species. 

Brownish black; anal angle of hind wing red, with a white speck; 
tail at vein 2 long, at 3 short, both white-tipped. Beneath brown- 
gray; fore wing with slightly oblique brown band from costa to vein 2 
and an irregularly tremulous submarginal one across the wing. Hind 
wing with a mesial dark crimson band, dislocated at vein 4, arcuate 
between 2 and 1b, retreating to inner margin, edged outwardly with 
silvery white ares between the veins; an irregular blackish subtermi- 
nal line, dentate on the veins, followed by red from inner margin to 
vein 4, looped up between 2 and 4 for a large red patch; a large black 
spot at anal angle and interspace 2-3, small ones between 3 and 7, a 
black, blue-powdered area between 1b and 2; a black terminal line 
preceded by silvery white. Expanse, 21 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two females, No. 18055, U.S.N.M.; Dominica, June- 
July, 1913 (H. W. Foote). 


1 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1884, pp. 314 to 326. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 47—No. 2056. 493 


494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 47. 


TERIAS DEBA Doubleday. 10. 
TERIAS EUTERPE Ménétries. 1. 
CALLIDRYAS EUBULE Linnaeus. 5. 
CALLIDRYAS TRITE Linnaeus. 2. 
PAPILIO POLYDAMAS DOMINICUS Rothschild and Jordan. 1. 
CATIA RAVOLA Godman and Salvin. 14. 
HYLEPHILA PHYLAEUS Drury. 4. 
PROTEIDES ANGASI Godman and Salvin. 2. 
PYRGUS SYRICHTUS Fabricius. 1. 
ACOLASTUS AMYNTAS Fabricius. 6. 
EUDAMUS SANTIAGO Lucas, variety. 9. 
PRENES NERO Fabricius. 2. 
PRENES ARES Felder. 2. 
The markings of the under side are fainter than usual and blurred 
with brown. 
EANTIS THRASO Hiibner. 1. 


 SPHINGOIDEA. 


PROTOPARCE JAMAICENSIS Butler. 1. 


BOMBYCOIDEA. 


SYNTOMEIDA SYNTOMOIDES Boisduval. 1. 
COSMOSOMA DEMANTRIA Druce. 2. 
ECPANTHERIA ERIDANUS Cramer. 2. 
UTETHEISA ORNATRIX Linnaeus. 3. 

_AMASTUS ALSA Druce. 1. 

RIFARGIA CHOCOTOA, new species. 

Dark brown, the lines coarsely wavy, black; subbasal doubled, the 
inner irregularly triple, the outer followed by a duplicating shade with 
black dashes on the veins and preceded by a somewhat distant line; 
subterminal line whitish, a little stronger at costa; terminal line fine, 
black, forming black streaks between the veins, cut by yellowish 
dashes, the black marks seeming to be followed by pale instead of 
preceded, as in most Rifargia; discal markings shght, a little pale, 
followed by a cloud. Hind wing black-brown, palest at base; fringe 
yellowish white. Expanse, 60 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two females, No. 16056, U.S.N.M.; Dominica, June-— 
July, 1913 (H. W. Foote). 

Nearest to R. tethys Schaus. 

LYCOPHOTIA INFECTA Ochsenheimer. 2. 
ERIOPYGA VESQUESA Dyar. 1. 

PRODENIA DOLICHOS Fabricius. 1. 
XYLOMYGES ERIDANIA Cramer. 1. 
HETEROCHROMA POSTALBIDA, new species. 

Brown, a little mottled with blackish; reniform, orbicular and 
claviform large, contiguous, black outlined, the orbicular and reniform 
partly pale creamy filled; lines scarcely traceable, single, the outer 
excurved over disk and submedian; subterminal line pale, wavy and 


No. 2056. LEPIDOPTERA OF DOMINICA—DYAR. 495 


irregular, crossed by several black streaks on the interspaces; a black 
streak prolonging claviform to the outer line; a black shade from base 
near the inner margin to inner line. Hind wing white; veins fuscous 
outwardly; a narrow dark marginal border. Expanse, 17-18 mm. 

Cotypes.—Two males, No. 18057, U.S.N.M.; Dominica (H. W. 
Foote). 

CYDOSIA SUBMUTATA Walker. 1. 
EULEPIDOTIS ADDENS Walker. 1. 
REMIGIA MEGAS Guenée. 2. 
REMIGIA LATIPES Guenée. 3. 
PHURYS IMMUNIS Guenée. 2. 

LETIS MYCERINA Fabricius. 1. 
MELIPOTIS CONTORTA Guenée. 2. 
ANTICARSIA REPUGNANS Hiibner. 1. 

A. ferruginea Smith’ is a synonym. 
ZETHES UMBRATA Walker. 1. 
ARGADESA APTA Moore. 1. 

PANULA INCONSTANS Guenée. 1. 
GONODONTA ELABORANS, new species. 

Fore wing bronzy brown, anal angle yellow brown; two parallel 
brown streaks arising from the subbasal tooth; subterminal line fine, 
crenulate, dark brown, obscure, violet-white powdered without, 
approaching the margin at vein 2. Hind wing black, with a small 
round orange patch on the discal nervules. Front of head and palpi 
within whitish. Expanse, 37 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 18058, U.S.N.M.; Dominica (H. W. Foote). 
NEPHELOLEUCA ATOMARIA, new subspecies. 

A form of politia Cramer with the costo-subapical patch small, 
narrow, broken into strigz, not rounded or whitish filled. 

Cotypes.—Four females, No. 18059, U.S.N.M.; Dominica, June— 
July, 1913 (H. W. Foote). 

MELANCHROIA CEPHISE Cramer. 2. 
TEPHROSIA MADEFACTARIA, new species. 

Wings pale brownish, all beyond the outer line overspread with 
brown and black, except a small square patch below apex; sparsely 
dotted; inner line fine, black, waved, curved, accompanied by a little 
shading; median shade moderate, touching the small round discal 
dot; outer line irregular, excurved between veins 4 and 2; subtermi- 
nal line of whitish dots. Hind wing similar, without the inner line or 
pale apical spot, the outer line nearly straight. Expanse, 39 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 18060, U.S.N.M.; Dominica, June—July, 1913 
(H. W. Foote). 

PERICLINIA TRIATRAPATA, new species. 

Reddish brown with purplish strige, dense along the costa; two 

thick straight purple brown lines on fore wing, scarcely diverging 


1 Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 2949. 


426 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


toward costa, one on hind wing, very little curved; a round blackish 
discal dot on each wing. Expanse, 31 mm. 

Type.—Male, No. 18061, U.S.N.M.; Dominica, June-July, 1913 
(H. W. Foote). 


PERICLINA TRANSMIGRATA, new species. 


Bright red-brown, peppered, faint blackish strige along costa and 
apex; two parallel straight pale reddish lines, one on the hind wing; a 
minute black discal dot on fore wing. Expanse, 32 mm. 

Type.—Female, No. 18062, U.S.N.M.; Dominica, June-July, 1913 
(H. W. Foote). 


TINEOIDEA. 


GLYPHODES HYALINATA Linnaeus. 1. 
GLYPHODES ELEGANS Mischler. 1. 
SYLEPTA SIMMIALIS Walker. 1. 
PHRYGANODES PROLONGALIS Guenée. 1. 
SPARGAMIA GIGANTALIS Guenée. 
ATTEVA PUNCTELLA Cramer. 1. 


A SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE GRASSHOPPER MICE. 


By N. Ho.uisrer, 


Assistant Curator, Division of Mammals, United States National Museum. 


INTRODUCTION. 


The nomenclatorial history of the Grasshopper Mice, or Scorpion 
Mice, begins with 1841, when Maximilian, Prince of Wied, in his 
Reise in das innere Nord-America, described Hypudaeus leucogaster 
from what is now the State of North Dakota. Coues, in the Mono- 
graphs of North American Rodentia, 1877, recognized two species, 
Hesperomys (Onychomys) leucogaster (Maximilian) and Hesperomys 
(Onychomys) torridus Coues. The only definite synopsis of the 
group since that date was published by Merriam in 1889.‘ In this 
paper Onychomys was for the first time properly diagnosed and given 
full generic rank. Four species and one subspecies were recognized. 
The latest list of North American mammals,’ published in 1912, in- 
cludes 19 named forms, 11 of which stand as full species. Four sub- 
species have since been described. 

In the present revision of the genus two names are placed in syn- 
onymy, one is revived and one new subspecies is described. These 
changes leave the total number of recognized forms at 23, a net in- 
crease of 4 since 1912. While the number of races has been increased, 
the number of actual species has been reduced to two, the leucogaster 
and torridus of Coues’s report of 1877. Such changes appear to be 
the inevitable result of study of the magnificent series of American 
mammals now preserved in our museums, particularly the collection 
of the Biological Survey. With a suite of specimens such as these 
collections afford, direct intergradation between many supposedly 
distinct species is apparent, and with the increase in the number of 
geographical races a decrease in the number of recognizable species 
is to be expected. 


1 North Amer. Fauna, No. 2, pp. 1-5. Oct. 30, 1889. 
2 Miller, Bull. 79, U. S. Nat. Mus., pp. 126-129. Dee. 31, 1912. 


PROCEEDINGS U, S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 47—No. 2057. 
427 


428 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 47. 


This revision of Onychomys is the result of the study of 1,562 
specimens,! almost all of which have been modern well-made skins 
with perfect skulls. A few alcoholic specimens and skeletons have 
been examined. Except in a few cases the material has been suffi- 
cient to work out the ranges of the subspecies in a fairly satisfactory 
manner, though good series of specimens, including a sufficient num- 
ber of adults, from certain regions, will modify somewhat the bound- 
ary lines between forms as at present mapped. All of the 23 existing 
type-specimens have been examined. 


FORMS, CHARACTERS, AND PELAGES. 


One of the results of the reduction in the number of distinct species 
to two, and the increase in the number of geographical races of each 
of these, is the increased difficulty in finding hard and fast, easily 
defined, conspicuous characters to diagnose these two species. 
While the two groups of subspecies as two specific units occupy an 
immense range, one to the north and one to the south, the actual 
area of overlapping is small.2, At these points of overlapping, where 
intergradation could, but does not, take place, the two species are well 
differentiated externally, there is never the least doubt concerning the 
species to which a specimen belongs, and a working key to the species 
in this overlapping area could be made on a great number of simple 
differences, both external and cranial. Since all the numerous and 
widely diversified forms have been found to intergrade indirectly 
with either leucogaster or torridus, however, all of the superficial 
characters which hold good to identify the species at the few over- 
lapping points fail with some far removed form, which, although 
intergrading indirectly with only one of the early named species, 
may really resemble in any one or any combination of such char- 
acters some race of the other species with which it has no real con- 
specific relationship. The teeth present the best characters by 


1 The material examined is from collections as follows: 


United States National Museum, Biological Survey collection.....................- 1,041 
United) States: National Museum! proper. ..2--cn-ssese cose oe eae ace oe eee eee S224 63 
American Museum of Natural History, New York..................-....2.---.----- 118 
Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California......................-...-- 83 
KieldiMuseumyot Natural cuistory) Chicago... seeseecesssaeence eee eee 70 
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge.................-.--2--------e-ee--e-e 35 
Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia 2s. - 52 2222 22. see nes eee eee ee 31 
Wniversity of Nebraskas Lincoln 3.4 es see soe ean noe ena Sie a ee eee 15 
Kansas University Museum of Natural History, Lawrence..-...............-...--- 5 
BiologicalSurvey of South Dakotacte2: 25202222 tea ae ee See ee 1 

Total numberof specimens: 5.5 <2.<- hick soc ceceocceee seer e eee eee eee eee eee 1, 562 


2 Tn only four cases do forms of the two species overlap in distribution, for comparatively limited areas 
in each case, as follows: 

O. 1. brevicaudus and O. t. longicawdus in western Nevada and Mono County, California. 

0.1. ruidosz and O. t. torridus in southwestern Arizona, northern Sonora, southern New Mexico, northern 
Chihuahua, and extreme western Texas. 

O. 1. arcticeps and O. t. torridus in the Pecos Valley, New Mexico and Texas. 

O. l. albescens and O. t. torridus in northern Chihuahua. 


NO. 2057. THE GRASSHOPPER MICE—HOLLISTER. 429 


which to diagnose the two species of Onychomys, for though the pe- 
culiarities they exhibit are less easily discerned than are the super- 
ficial differences that have heretofore answered, they are, of course, 
of far greater importance and phylogenetic meaning. 

The subspecies of each group are closely related and intergradation 
is in almost every case shown by the material examined. The races 
are, in the main, well marked over a considerable territory and usually 
exhibit some conspicuous deviation in color accompanicd by varia- 
tions in dimensions or relative cranial characteristics. 

The marked diversity in color of skins of Onychomys from almost 
any locality has given rise to a general impression that true dichro- 
matism is, in a measure, responsible for the wide differences exhibited. 
That such is not the case has been one of the general results of the 
present study. Cases of supposed dichromatism represent various 
stages in a definite sequence of pelages, shown by a comparison of 
animals of various ages as determined by the relative wear of the 
teeth. In torridus and its subspecies this sequence of pelages is 
especially complex and, in both groups, abrasion and fading, combined 
with a gradual moult and renewal, has made the study of the pelages 
an interesting problem. In an account of the various subspecies it is 
necessary in nearly every case to describe fully the color of several 
stages of pelage, so widely do individuals of the same form differ 
with age and season. 

MEASUREMENTS. 


In the tables of measurements appended only the dimensions of 
fully adult animals have been considered. Measurements of selected 
specimens showing considerable tooth wear and from as many 
localities as possible have been used. The total length, tail, and 
foot measurements are from collector’s notes, made from fresh speci- 
mens. The length of ear has been taken from the dry skin. The 
cranial and dental measurements were made with sliding calipers 
registering tenths of a millimeter. Condylobasal length was taken 
from condylion to alveolar point, not to most anterior point of the 
premaxille. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 


An intelligent revision of the grasshopper mice would not have 
been possible without assembling the collections from various 
museums for study. Thanks are due the custodians of several 
mammal collections for the loan of material, which has, in several 
cases, included types and type series. To Dr. J. A. Allen, of the 
American Museum of Natural History, New York; to Mr. Joseph 
Grinnell, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California; 
to Mr. Charles B. Cory and Mr. W. H. Osgood, Field Museum of 
Natural History, Chicago; to Mr. Samuel Henshaw and Mr. Outram 


4380 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


Bangs, Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard; and to Dr. 
Witmer Stone, Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, I am indebted for 
the loan of valuable material, all of which was assembled by the 
Biological Survey, through the courtesy of Mr. E. W. Nelson. In 
the lists of specimens examined I have indicated the source of all 
material from locaJities not represented in the United States National 
Museum collections. Mr. Vernon Bailey, of the Biological Survey, 
has given me much information regarding physiographical conditions 
in localities from which the small number of specimens examined 
hardly warranted the mapping of boundaries of forms, without inti- 
mate knowledge of the country. 


SYSTEMATIC DISCUSSION. 
Genus ONYCHOMYS Baird. 


1857. Onychomys Bairp, Gen. Rep. North Amer. Mamm., p. xxviii and p. 457 
(subgenus of Hesperomys Waterhouse). 
1874. Onichomys Gicuio1t, Boll. Soc. Geogr. Italiana, vol. 11, p. 326. 

Ty pe-species.— Hy pudaeus leucogaster Wied. 

Diagnosis..—_Form stout, tail comparatively short, thick, and 
tapering to an obtuse point, the end usually white. Fore feet larger 
than in Peromyscus, five-tuberculate. Hind feet with only four 
tubercles, all phalangeal; the sole densely furred from heel to tuber- 
cles. Mamme, pectoral, 1-1; inguinal, 2-2=6. Nasals wedge-shaped, 
terminating posteriorly considerably behind the end of the nasal 
branch of the premaxillaries. Coronoid process of mandible well 
developed, rising high above the condylar ramus and directed back- 
ward in the form of a large hook. First and second upper molars 
large; third less than half the size of the second. First upper molar 
with two internal and three external cusps, the anterior cusp when 
unworn unequally divided at summit into two or three cusplets, 
narrow, and on a line with the outer cusp row, leaving a distinct 
step on the inside. Second upper molar with two internal and two 
external cusps, and a narrow antero-external fold. Last upper 
molar broader than long or subcircular in outline. First lower molar 
with an anterior, two internal and two external cusps, and a postero- 
internal loop. Second lower molar with two internal and two 
external cusps, an antero-external and a postero-internal fold. Third 
lower molar scarcely longer than broad, subcircular in outline. 

Color patiern.—Sharply bicolor; head, back, and upper sides col- 
ored; underparts white, with line of demarcation sharply drawn; 
lanuginous tufts at bases of ears commonly whitish or buffy and con- 
trasting with general color of head and ears; arms, hands, inner sides 
of legs, and feet whitish; tail usually bicolor, with tip whitish. 


1 With slight modification, taken from Merriam, North Amer. Fauna, No. 2, pp. 3-4. October, 1889. 


NO, 2057. THE GRASSHOPPER MICE—HOLLISTER. 431 


Eee eee 


Geographic distribution Western North America, from the Great 
Plains of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba south to central 
Mexico (Aguas Calientes and San Luis Potosi); east to western 
Minnesota and eastern Kansas. Absent from large areas in the 
higher Rockies and the Pacific Coast region. (See fig. 1.) 

Remarks.—Onychomys differs from Peromyscus, its nearest generic 
relative, in its more htypsodont molars, and in the position and shape 
of the front cusp of m'!, which is distinctly in the outer row of cusps, 
more coniform, less broadened transversly, and with the unworn 


Fig. 1. DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS ONYCHOMYS. 


summit less inclined to division into cusplets; m* is more reduced; 
and the coronoid process is greatly lengthened. Although it exter- 
nally resembles Cricetulus much more than it does Peromyscus, it is 
as shown by a study of the teeth, separated from the old-world genus 
by both Peromyscus and Baiomys. The latter, with its close approach 
to the six-tuberculate pattern in m', appears, of the three groups, the 
nearest to Cricetulus. Osgood! has pointed out certain peculiari- 
ties of resemblance between the subgenus Podomys, of Peromyscus, 
and Onychomys; and has suggested the possibility that Podomys is 
an intermediate form between Onychomys and typical Peromyscus. 
The reduction in the number of plantar tubercles in Podomys is prob- 
ably of no importance in this connection, but the higher-crowned 
teeth and the relative position of the anterior cusp of the first molar 


1 North Amer, Fauna, No. 28, p. 227. Apr. 17, 1909. 


432 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


are characters that make the closer relationship seem very probable. 
Though distinctly belonging with Peromyscus, Podomys is the nearest 
approach within that genus to Onychomys. 


List oF SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES WITH TyYPE-LOCALITIES. 


Onychomys leucogaster. 


ONT. ileucogaster, (Wied)é i =2 aba. ee te aeae Fort Clark, North Dakota, p. 434. 

O. l. missouriensis (Audubon and Bachman)....Fort Union, Montana, p. 438. 

O-iearckiceps unOad ey: ee seen 2 ore Soe eet ss Clapham, New Mexico, p. 439. 

Ontabreneaudus Merriam 525 oo. 2. 24 ee eee Blackfoot, Idaho, p. 441. 

Ov ejaiscogriseua: ATthomy ere) S25 i sheer ae Ironside, Oregon, p. 443. 

Oo Lemelanophrys, Merriam 2: 22.5.2 dao ce ese Kanab, Utah, p. 444. 

Oot... fuliginosus Merriam... 35 5e- 5-8 oe a Black Tank, Arizona, p. 447. 

O. l. ruidosx Stone and Rehm’ ......-2- 22222... Ruidoso, New Mexico, p. 448. 

Oot. capiiulatus Hollister... 2." ere ee Grand Canyon, Arizona, p. 450. 

O. Woalbescens: Merniam. 222 eee 22 eee eee ee Samalayuca, Chihuahua, p. 450. 

OL longrpes (Merriam? eee pe eee. s Concho County, Texas, p. 451. 

O. 1. brenauritus Hollister 3224-22-22. - 2.02 Fort Reno, Oklahoma, p. 453. 

Onychomys torridus. 

O: t, tormdus (Cowes)... et ee wo se ee Camp Grant, Arizona, p. 456. 

Ont. perpallidas Mieanns..-\< .' hyo 5s 2). =< e Yuma County, Arizona, p. 459. 

Oat piicher BN Ot ee. tee ea ee Morongo Pass, California, p. 461. 

O. 4. longicaudus Mernam.: 22: S285: 225225252 St. George, Utah, p. 463. 

Ot..clarus Eollister.. 322. se0- sere ooose eee Keeler, California, p. 465. 

OS Patularensis Merriaiirt xaos eee eee ee Bakersfield, California, p. 466. 

Ott ramon) REOId8 6 soe we oo oe es San Bernardino Valley, Califor- 
nia, p. 468. 

Oo Panacrotis Blliot 2s. oss toe = os eee eee San Pedro Martir Mountains, 
Lower California, p. 469. 

O:4t. yakiensis Morriam® Joo act pit Sec canee Camoa, Sonora, p. 470. 

O:.¢. conus Merriam ce so ot Jc.< sk ae ie eet San Juan Capistrano, Zacatecas, 
p- 471. 

Os fF BUTTUsus DODIS <432 sen eee Sane opera Miquihuana, Tamaulipas, p. 472. 


BriEF SYNOPSIS OF THE CHARACTERS OF SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES. 


Size averaging larger; tail relatively short, usually less than half the length of head 
and body; skull averaging larger, with comparatively narrow interorbital region; 
teeth higher crowned, unworn cusps of m! higher than long; m* larger, subcir- 
cular; m! usually less than half the length of tooth row........-- O. leucogaster. 

Color of adults in fresh pelage light; distinctly buffy or cinnamon; not fuscous, 
sooty, or brownish. 
Hairs of underparts entirely white, without dark underfur. .0. l. albescens, p. 450. 
Hairs of underparts white, with gray underfur. 
Size small (hind foot 17-20 mm.; skull, condylobasal length, 23.8-26.0); color 
prayish-DUl: ot esses he eee Be ee O. 1. brevicaudus, p. 441. 
Size large (hind foot 18.5-23; skull, condylobasal length, 24.8-27.7); color pink- 
ish-cinnamon-buff, 
Color duller and paler; face lighter................- O. l. arcticeps, p. 439. 
Color richer and darker; face darker........-..-- O. l. melanophrys, p. 444. 
Color of adults in fresh pelage dark; fuscous, sooty, or brownish; not distinctly 
buffy or cinnamon. 
Ear tufts white or whitish, conspicuously different from color of crown. 
Size smaller, with smaller skull (condylobasal length, 24.4-25.2; breadth brain- 
case, 12.4-12.9); ears larger (14.5-15.8).....-...-- O. lL. fuscogriseus, p. 443. 


NO. 2057. THE GRASSHOPPER MICE—HOLLISTER. 433 


Size larger, with larger skull (condylobasal length, 25.4-28.0; breadth brain- 
case, 12.9-13.6); ears smaller (12.6-15.8). 
Color paler; the young much grayer, less blackish; hind foot less than 
Pets Teme h Sao e a EEO eo ate eee ee O. 1. missouriensis, p. 438. 
Color darker; the young more blackish, less gray; hind foot 22 mm......... 


Peis eter seine tefosinir aie « achysw tein aeeryeeis see O. l. leucogaster, p. 434. 
Ear tufts cinnamon-brown or smoky, not conspicuously different from color of 
crown. 


Skull elongated, with high braincase. 
Ear large (15.0-16.9 mm. from notch)............--- O. 1. longipes, p. 451. 
Ear small (11.9-13.9 mm. from notch)............ O. l. breviauritus, p. 453. 
Skull not elongated; braincase flattened. 
Color very dark; more sooty, less brown........-.-- O. 1. fuliginosus, p. 447. 
Color less dark; more brownish, not sooty. 
Size larger (skull, condylobasal length, average, 26.2; zygomatic breadth, 
Sauda aces mele ease fometece «oe Meee soe O. 1. ruidose, p. 448. 
Size smaller (skull, condylobasal length, average, 25.1; zygomatic breadth, 
ioe bere toss SA Bee Mo arc, shee saan laters Brae O. 1. capitulatus, p. 450. 
Size averaging smaller; tail relatively long, usually more than half the length of head 
and body; skull averaging smaller, with comparatively wide interorbital region; 
teeth lower crowned, unworn cusps of m} longer than high; m? smaller, broadened 
transversely; m! usually more than half the length of tooth row..... O. torridus. 
Color of adults in fresh pelage pale pinkish-cinnamon; not drab, brown, nor decid- 
edly dark pinkish-cinnamon. 
Anterior palatine foramina short, not extending backward to plane of fronts of 
HiFSt TOlANSS eae eres ene seis sarc ace stare ewes eye eae O. t. longicaudus, p. 463. 


Anterior palatine foramina longer, extending backward fully to plane of fronts of 
first molars. 


Size larger (total length, 146-161; tail, 57-58; hind foot, 20-22)............ 
hase AIC PaR re isjageictes BS ciarale Rio Ais javeleiere ers oh tetera O. t. perpallidus, p. 459. 
Size smaller (total length, 120-146; tail, 37-53; hind foot, 18-20.5). 
Color very pale pinkish-cinnamon.............-..--. O.t. pulcher, p. 461. 
Color rich, intense pinkish-cinnamon........-.....--- O. t. clarus, p. 465. 
Color of adults in fresh pelage brown, drab, or decidedly dark pinkish-cinnamon; 
not pale pinkish-cinnamon. 
Color of adults grayish-drab; not brown or cinnamon. 
Bar small(@4:0-10.0). ooo: 2 Seon des oc nee ee eee O. t. tularensis, p. 466. 
Har large (15,2517 B)cscek a 2ataen soe sa lee pee eee O. t. canus, p. 471. 
Color of adults brown or dark pinkish-cinnamon; not grayish-drab. 
Head and face, in fresh, full pelage, dark brown, much darker than back; gen- 
eral coloration darker. 
Size smaller (total length, 137-148; hind foot, 19-21); ear small (14.2-15.4) 
Ba ee artie Soa sit ore Bis oe = Se ae ede eee oye eee O. t. ramona, p. 468. 
Size larger (total length, 148-155; hind foot, 21-22); ear large (16.7-16.8).... 


Bee ace sine oss 512 Se wre we ee ee ees O. t. macrotis, p. 469. 
Head and face, in fresh, full pelage, light brown, not conspicuously darker than 
back; general coloration lighter. 
Ear tufts in full pelage white, conspicuous; ear small (12.0-15.8)........... 


Bs ea ee a ee ea O. t. torridus, p. 456. 
Far tufts in full pelage buffy-cinnamon, not conspicuous; ear large (15.2-17.8). 
Size larger, with longer tail (55-64); audital bulle large................ 

SR oa eee ese ee dats ie toe Senate yeas O. t. surrufus, p. 472. 
Size smaller, with shorter tail (47-57); audital bullxe small 


Be I ee a A tare Bald ha re a O. t. yakiensis, p. 470. 
34843 °—Proe.N.M.vol.47—14——28 


434 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


ONYCHOMYS LEUCOGASTER (Wied). 


(Synonymy under subspecies.) 


Diagnosis.—Size averaging considerably larger than in Onychomys 
torridus, stouter and heavier built; tail relatively short, usually less 
than half the length of head and body. Skull averaging larger than 
in torridus, with comparatively narrow interorbital region. Teeth, 
as compared with teeth of torridus, higher crowned; unworn cusps of 
m* higher than long; the anterior cusp more coniform, with less 
indication of incipient division at summit into two ot three cusplets; 
m' less narrow and elongated, stouter and relatively short; m3 
larger than in torridus, longer than wide, or subcircular with longitu- 
dinal and transverse diameters nearer equal; the crown surface usually 
about one-third that of m? (sometimes nearly one-half, rarely about 
one-fourth); owing to the shortening of m! and the enlargement of 
m*, mis aimost invariably less than half the length of tooth row. 

Geographic distribution.— Western United States and Canada and 
northern Mexico. From the Great Plains of Alberta, Saskatchewan, 
and Manitoba south into Sonora, Chihuahua, and Tamaulipas, 
Mexico. East to western Minnesota and eastern Kansas; west to 
central Washington and Oregon, extreme northern and eastern Cali- 
fornia, and, in Arizona, to the Grand Canyon. Absent from large 
areas in the higher Rockies, the Pacific coast region, the Colorado 
and Mohave Deserts, and the extreme southwestern United States in 
general (fig. 2). 

Subspecies.— Twelve well marked geographical races of Onychomys 
leucogaster are recognized. Most of these forms occupy large areas 
- which correspond well with the mapped zones and faunal regions of 
the Western States. Two local variations from lava-bed and sand- 
dune districts are imperfectly known. The most differentiated forms 
are from the northwestern and extreme southeastern parts of the 
range. 

ONYCHOMYS LEUCOGASTER LEUCOGASTER (Wied). 


1841. Hypudaeus leucogaster Wrep, Reise in das innere Nord-America, vol 2, 
p. 99. 

1857. Hesperomys leucogaster Barrp, Gen. Rep. North Amer. Mamm., p. xxviii. 

1857. Onychomys leucogaster Barrp, Gen. Rep. North Amer. Mamm., p. 459. 

1857. Hesperomys (Onychomys) leucogaster Batrp, Gen. Rep. North Amer. Mamm., 
p. 480. 

1885. O[nychomys] leucogaster var. pallidus Herrick, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. 
Minnesota, 18th Ann. Rep. (1884), p. 183. (Lake Traverse, near sources of 
the Minnesota and Bois des Sioux Rivers, South Dakota.) 

1885. O[nychomys] pallidus Herrick, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Minnesota, 
13th Ann. Rep. (1884), p. 184. 

1888. Cricetus leucogaster Tuomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1888, p. 133. 

1888. Clalomys] leucogaster JorDAN, Man. Vert. Anim. North. U.S., ed. 5, p. 321. ° 

1912. Onychomys leucogaster leucogaster MitLtER, Bull. 79, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 
127. December 31. 


NO. 2057. THE GRASSHOPPER MICE—HOLLISTER. 435 


ee eee eee 

Type-locality Mandan Indian village, near Fort Clark, Missouri 
River, North Dakota; near site of present town of Stanton, Mercer 
County, North Dakota. 


rh f- 


Me ae i on aks 
\ ANA je 
prec Cl hivaicos 2? 


Fig. 2.—DISTRIBUTION OF THE SUBSPECIES OF ONYCHOMYS LEUCOGASTER. 


1. O.1. leucogaster. 5. O.1. brevicaudus. 9. O.1. ruidose. 
2. O.1. missouriensis. 6. O. 1. melanophrys. 10. O.1. albescens. 
3. O. 1. areticeps. 7. O.1. fuliginosus. 11. O.1. longipes. 
4. O.1. fuscogriseus. 8. O.1. capitulatus. 12. O. \. breviauritus. 


436 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


Geographic distribution.—Southern Manitoba, eastern North Da- 
kota, northeastern South Dakota, and parts of extreme western 
Minnesota, west to Minot and Fort Clark, North Dakota. Transition 
zone. 

General characters.—Size large, slightly greater than in the neigh- 
boring forms, missouriensis and arcticeps; coloration much darker, 
the young especially blackish. Skull large; in adult with braincase 
shortened anteriorly and lengthened, more overhanging, posteriorly. 

Color.— Adult in fresh pelage (55462, Devils Lake, North Dakota, 
August 5): Upperparts dark drab-brown, finely lined with darker; 
top of head and broad area along center of back especially dark, 
more ined by dark brown hair tips; nose grayish-drab; underfur 
of upperparts broadly blackish-slate; lanuginous tufts at bases of 
ears pure white, very conspicuous; outer sides of ears blackish-brown 
on front half, whitish posteriorly; lining of ears white; tail drab- 
brown for two-thirds its length above, the terminal third and under 
side whitish. Lower sides, lower cheeks, and entire underparts 
white, sharply marked from color of upper sides and back, the hairs 
of chin, throat, and arms white to bases; underfur of middle chest 
and belly narrowly blackish-slate; arms and hands, inner sides of 
legs, and feet white; outer sides of legs with narrow stripe of color 
like back extending to near foot. Adult in worn and faded coat, 
before renewal (180025, Hankinson, North Dakota, July 23): Like 
fresh coat but much shorter haired and with less distinct dark area 
along back. Entire upperparts uniform dark drab-brown, with 
little streaking from hair tips, the darker tips of longer hairs having 
disappeared; ear tufts virtually wanting, of same color as head and 
not noticeable; markings of ears, legs, and tail less conspicuous than 
in fresh pelage. Underparts grayish-white, the underfur showing 
through the white of thinly haired breast and belly. Adult, mel- 
anistic phase (180024, Hankinson, North Dakota, July 23): Entire 
upperparts glossy brownish-black, the hair tips only shghtly browner 
than the underfur. Underparts slightly paler, with blotches of pure 
white on throat, breast, and arms. Juvenile (189252, Traverse, 
South Dakota, July 4): Nose, head, and center of back to tail dark 
blackish-brown; sides shghtly paler, more grayish; no lighter colored 
ear tufts; black markings of forward part of outer ear conspicuous. 
Underparts white, mixed with grayish from the underfur. Post- 
juvenile pelage (202088, Fort Clark, North Dakota, July 24): More 
slaty-black, less brownish, than the first pelage. Upperparts dark 
grayish-drab, sides lighter; ear tufts whitish, conspicuous; under 
parts very sharply marked from color of sides, whitish with slate- 
gray underfur on chest and belly. Much darker than the young of 
missourrensis or arcticeps. 

Skull.—The skull of Onychomys leucogaster leucogaster is larger than 
that of any other form of Onychomys. It slightly exceeds in general 


NO, 2057. THE GRASSHOPPER MICE—HOLLISTER. 437 


measurements any of the skulls of other subspecies in the lcucogaster 
group. The frontal region is highly arched, the braincase is short 
and broad, the interorbital region greatly constricted, and the 
occiput elongated. (Plate 15.) 

Measurements.—Averages and extremes of three adult specimens 
from North Dakota: Total length, 164 (160-168) millimeters; tail 
vertebre, 42 (88-47); hind foot, 22 (22-22); ear from notch in dry 
skin, 14.0 (13.3-14.4). Skull: Condylobasal length, 27.4 (26.2-28.0); 
zygomatic breadth, 16.2 (15.1-17.3); interorbital breadth, 4.6 
(4.5-4.7); breadth of braincase, 13.3 (13.2-13.4); length of nasals, 
11.4 (10.5-12.3); length of mandible, 16.7 (15.9-17.3); maxillary 
tooth row, 4.5 (4.4-4.6). For detailed measurements of specimens, 
see page 474. 

Type-specimens.—Nothing is known of the later history of the 
specimens on which Wied based his account of Hypudaeus leucogaster. 

Remarks.—This subspecies reaches its extreme type of dark color- 
ation in southeastern North Dakota, northeastern South Dakota, and 
at Brown Valley, Minnesota. At some points in this region a few 
specimens are partially melanistic. There are obviously only two 
recognizable forms on the northern plains, the large pale subspecies 
to the westward, missouriensis, and the large dark subspecies near the 
eastern limits of the range. A good series of specimens from the type 
localities of missouriensis, leucogaster, and pallidus, prove the distinct- 
ness of the first two and the identity of pallidus with true leucogaster. 
Specimens from Fort Clark, the type-locality of lewcogaster, are easily 
nearest the dark form, are widely different in color from missouri- 
ensis, and plainly represent the eastern race. ‘The younger specimens 
from Fort Clark are especially dark, like young from the Traverse Lake 
region, and are quite different from the young of missouriensis. 

The whereabouts of the type-specimen of Herrick’s O. l. pallidus 
can not be ascertained. Prof. Charles E. Johnson, of the University 
of Minnesota, writing under date of September 19, 1913, says: 

No one in the department seems to know what became of Herrick’s material, whether 
he took it with him when he left Minnesota or whether it has been lost or destroyed in 
subsequent movings and shiftings in the department. 

Fortunately the collection of the Biological Survey contains four 
topotype specimens of ‘‘pallidus,’ as well as other material from 
near-by localities. 

Specimens examined.—Total number 55, from the following 
localities: 

Nortu Daxota: Bottineau, 5 (Field Mus.); Devils Lake, 3; Fort 
Clark, 18 (topotypes) ; Grace, 1; Hankinson, 8; Linton, 2; Minnewau- 
kon, 1 (Field Mus.) ; Minot, 2 (Field Mus.); Pembina, 1; Sherbrooke, 1. 

Soutny Daxora: Sisseton, 7; Traverse, 4 (topotypes of ‘‘pallidus.’’) 

Minnesota: Brown Valley, 2. 


438 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


ONYCHOMYS LEUCOGASTER MISSOURIENSIS (Audubon and Bachman). 


1851. Mus missouriensis AupUBON and Bacuman, North Amer. Quad., vol. 2, p. 
S2eap eC 
1862. Mus ee ibnais Wien, Verz. der auf seiner Reise Nord-Am. beob. Saug., p. 
161, in synonymy. 

Type-locality —Fort Union, Montana. 

Geographic distribution.—Southeastern Alberta, southern Saskat- 
chewan, northern and eastern Montana, western North Dakota, and 
northeastern Wyoming. North to Calgary, Alberta, and Carlton, 
Saskatchewan; east to Glenullin, North Dakota; south up the Mis- 
souri River to Bozeman, Montana, and up the branches of the Powder 
and Little Missouri Rivers into northeastern Wyoming. Chiefly arid 
Transition. 

General characters.—Size large, only slightly less than in true leuco- 
gaster, with smaller hind foot. Coloration in all pelages much lighter 
than in lewcogaster, the immature especially paler than young of the 
more eastern form. Darker, less buffy, than arcticeps. 

Color.—Adult in full winter pelage (189237, Dickinson, North 
Dakota, February 14): Upperparts dark wood-brown, the head and 
middle parts of body heavily darkened by the color of the darker 
brown hair tips; underfur dark neutral-gray ; lanuginous ear tufts pure 
white and very conspicuous, as are also the black and white mark- 
ings on outer side of the ear. Lips, lower cheeks, arms, hands, lower 
legs, feet, lower sides, and entire underparts pure white, very sharply 
marked from color of upperparts. Adult in early summer (168548, 
Buford, North Dakota, May 8): Like winter pelage but less bright in 
color, the rich wood-browns faded and worn to drab and buff; the 
head and back dark grayish-brown; and the white of underparts mixed 
with gray of the underfur. Juvenile (69045, Medicine Hat, Alberta, 
October 13): Very much lighter and grayer, less blackish, than the 
young of leucogaster. Upperparts mouse-gray, streaked with darker 
hair tips; white ear tufts and black and white markings on the ears 
conspicuous. Post-juvenile pelage (168546, Buford, North Dakota, 
May 5): Like the juvenile but browner, less ashy mouse-gray; the 
back and sides uniformly colored, without distinctly darker dorsum. 

Skull.—The skull is slightly smaller and less highly arched than 
that of true leucogaster; the interorbital constriction is less, and the 
braincase comparatively larger. 

Measurements.—Averages and extremes of eleven adults from 
Alberta, Montana, North Dakota, and Wyoming: Total length, 150 
(141-161); tail vertebra, 39 (29-45); hind foot, 20.8 (20.0-21.5); ear 
from notch in dry skin, 14.2 (12.6-15.8). Skull: Condylobasal length, 
26.1 (25.4-26.6); zygomatic breadth, 15.3 (14.9-16.0); interorbital 
breadth, 4.7 (4.5-4.9); breadth of braincase, 13.2 (12.9-13.6); length 
of nasals, 10.9 (10.4-11.0); length of mandible, 15.6 (14.9-15.9); 


NO. 2057. THE GRASSHOPPER MICE—HOLLISTER. 439 


maxillary tooth row, 4.4(3.9-4.6). For detailed measurements of 
specimens see page 474. , 

Type-specimen.—Regarding the specimens on which their descrip- 
tion and figure were based, Audubon and Bachman say: » 

This pretty little animal was discovered for us by Mr. Denig, during our sojourn at, 
and in the neighborhood of Fort Union in 1843. It was in full summer pelage, hay- 
ing been killed on the 14th of July. * * * The next day after they were brought 
in, we left the fort on an expedition to the Yellow-Stone River * * *}, 

It is not known if, after the drawings were made, the specimens 
were preserved or not. 

Remarks.—This subspecies is chiefly distinguished from true leu- 
cogaster by its lighter color in all pelages. It attains its extreme 
pallor in Saskatchewan, but is, on the whole, very uniform in color 
over all the mapped range. Specimens from Dickinson, North 
Dakota, show the nearest approach to leucogaster, but are distinctly 
nearest to missouriensis. In the southeastern parts of its range, 
massouriensis blends directly into O. 1. articeps. 

Specimens examined.—Total number 62, from localities as follows: 

ALBERTA: Calgary, 2; Medicine Hat, 1. 

SASKATCHEWAN: Carlton, 1; Osler, 3 (Mus. Comp. Zool.). 

Montana: Bozeman, 2; Fort Custer, 8; Fort Union, 1; Great Falls, 
1; Johnson’s Lake, 2; Mountain Sheep Buttes, 1; Pass Creek, 1; 
Powderville, 1; Robare, 1; Tilyou’s Ranch, 3. 

Nortu Daxora: Buford, 8; Dickinson, 3; Fort Buford, 11; Glen- 
ullin, 1. 

Wyromine: Arvada, 4; Little Powder River, 2; Moorcroft, 5. 


ONYCHOMYS LEUCOGASTER ARCTICEPS Rhoads. 


1896. Onychomys leucogaster brevicauda AtLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 
8, p. 253. November 25. (Specimens from Wyoming and Colorado.) 
1898. Onychomys areticeps Ruoans, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1898, p. 
194. May 3. 
1907. Onychomys brevicaudus Cary, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 20, p. 25. 
March 27. 
Type-locality.—Clapham, Union County, New Mexico. 
Geographic distribution.—Upper Sonoran Great Plains, from Wyo- 
ming and South Dakota to Texas. North to the Big Horn River in 
Wyoming and to the Cheyenne River in South Dakota; east to Bone- 
steele, South Dakota, and Trego County, Kansas; south to Fort Lan- 
caster, Texas; and west to Bear River Divide in southwestern Wyo- 
ming, Golden and Salida, Colorado, and Santa Rosa, New Mexico. 
General characters.—Like O. 1. missouriensis, but paler, more buffy 
in color; much lighter than leucogaster, ruidose, or breviauritus. 
Resembles O. 1. melanophrys but is less bright in coloration and is 
slightly smaller, with smaller hind foot and ear. 
Color.—Adult in full pelage (18644, Valentine, Nebraska, April 14): 
Upperparts avellaneous, with a wash of brighter pinkish-cinnamon 


1 Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America, vol. 2, p. 328, 1851. 


440 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


over much of back, rump, and hips; paler on face, shoulders, and 
back of ears; ear tufts white but rather inconspicuous against the 
general light coloration of head; markings of outer side of ears much 
subdued, brown on forward half, whitish, scantily haired posteriorly. 
Arms and hands, lower legs and feet, and entire underparts, pure 
white, the underfur of lower breast, sides, and belly faintly darkened 
with pale gray. Tail white with narrow stripe of brownish above 
for two-thirds its length. Adult in short summer coat (54452, Colby, 
Kansas, June 28; breeding female): Entire upperparts light drab, 
finely lined by the darker brownish hair tips; underparts grayish- 
white, the gray underfur showing through the white of hair tips on 
the scantily furred breast and belly. No lanuginous ear tufts. 
Adult in fall coat (150985, Gaume’s Ranch, Baca County, Colorado, 
November 28): Upperparts avellaneous, everywhere finely streaked 
and darkened by the blackish hair tips; top of head and middle of 
back and rump slightly darker than face and sides; ear tufts buffy; 
underparts white. Juvenile (54455, Colby, Kansas, Tune 28): Above 
uniform light mouse-gray, the hairs pale gray at bases, darker gray 
in middle, and ene tipped with pale brownish-gray. Underparts 
grayish-white; no ear tufts. Young adult, or postjuvenile, in early 
winter (8529, Philadelphia Acad. Sciences, type; Clapham, New 
Mexico, November 7): Like adult in summer but darker and richer 
colored, more brownish; the long full hairs of head and back with 
broad subterminal bands of dark buff and tips of blackish; lower 
sides brownish; underparts whitish; the underfur dark neutral-gray. 

Skull.—Almost precisely as in missouriensis. 

Measurements.—Averages and extremes of 35 adults from South 
Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas. 
Total length, 151 (131-170); tail vertebra, 42 (34-53); hind foot, 
20.9 (18.5-23.0); ear from notch in dry skin, 13.4 (12.4-14.9). Skull: 
Condylobasal length, 26.4 (24.5-27.7); zygomatic breadth, 15.4 (14.4— 
16.6); interor bial breadth, 4.6 (4.2-5.0); breadth of braincase, 13.0 
(12.4-13.7); length of nasals, 11.2 (10.1-12.2); length of mandible, 
15.6 (14.6-16.8); maxillary tooth row, 4.6 (4.3-4.8). For detailed 
measurements of specimens see page 474. 

Type-specimen.—No. 8529, Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- 
delphia. Skin and skull of young male (teeth unworn and basal 
suture open) in fresh fall pelage of the immature. Collected Novem- 
ber 7, 1893, by Ernest E. Thompson. Rhoads Collection, No. 1529. 

Remarks.—Specimens of OQ. 1. arcticeps from South Dakota and 
northern Nebraska are absolutely indistinguishable from specimens 
collected on the Staked Plains in New Mexico and Texas. Intergra- 
dation with neighboring forms takes place wherever the ranges meet 
and it is sometimes difficult to identify immature or poorly furred 
specimens with any particular form. Skins from Santa Rosa, New 


No. 2057. THE GRASSHOPPER MICE—HOLLISTER. 441 


Mexico, show a decided approach toward rucdosex, and specimens from 
Paladora Canyon, Texas, are strongly tending toward breviauritus. In 
general, however, the race is well defined and occupies the greater 
part of the arid Upper Sonoran region of the Great Plains. 

Specimens examined. —Total number, 331, from localities as follows: 

Sourn Daxora: Bonesteel, 1; Buffalo Gap, 1; Corral Draw, 1 
(Amer. Mus.); Minniechaduza River, 1; Pine Ridge, 2; Smithville, 
1; South fork White River, 1; Stanley County, 1 (State Biol. Surv. 
S. Dak.). 

Wromrne: Aurora, 1 (Amer. Mus.); Big Sandy, 7; Bitter Creek, 20 
(Amer. Mus. and Field Mus.); Bordeaux, 1; Bridger Creek, 1; Bridg- 
er’s Pass, 2; Bull Lake, 1; Casper, 5; Cheyenne, 1; Chugwater, 1; 
Cumberland, 1; Fontenelle, 4; Fort Bridger, 1; Green River, 1; Grey 
Bull, 1; Kemmerer, 3; Kinney Ranch, 2; Medicine Bow Mountains, 
1; Mountain View, 4; Newcastle, 1; Owl Creek Mountains, 1; Sara- 
toga, 4; Sun, 5; Superior, 1. 

Nepraska: Birdwood Creek, 2; Callaway, 4; Cherry County, 1; 
Cody, 2; Fort Niobrara, 1; Haigler, 5; Kennedy, 7; Lakeside, 4; 
Lincoln County, 3; Mitchell, 6 (Univ. of Nebr.); Myrtle, 2; Niobrara 
‘River, 12; Perch, 19 (Amer. Mus. and Field Mus.); Snake River, 1; 
Thomas County, 4; Valentine, 9; Warbonnet Canyon, Sioux County, 
4 (Univ. of Nebr.). 

Cotorapo: Burlington, 2; Canadian Creek, 5; Cafion City, 1; 
Cheyenne Wells, 1 (Amer. Mus.); Colorado Springs, 16 (Field Mus., 
Amer. Mus., Univ. of Calif., and Mus. Comp. Zool.); Denver, 1 (Amer. 
Mus.); Gaume’s Ranch, Baca County, 1; Golden, 1; Greeley, 2; 
Higbee, 1; Hugo, 2; La Junta, 1; Las Animas, 1; Lay, 1; Limon, 2; 
Loco, 2; Longmont, 1; Loveland, 14; Monon, 1 (Mus. Comp. Zool.); 
Pawnee Buttes, 2; Roggen, 1; Salida, 1; Snake River, 2; Sterling, 

3; Three Forks, 1 (Amer. Mus.); Wray, 3 (Amer. Mus.). 

‘ Kansas: Colby, 5; Ellis, 1; Logan County, 6 (Amer. Mus. and 
Kans. Univ.); Meade, 1; Pendennis, 9; Trego County, 15. 

Texas: Amarillo, 1; Fort Lancaster, 1; Hereford, 2; Lipscomb, 
12; Miami, 1; Mobeetie, 1; Monohans, 2; Paladora Canyon, 2 (Field 
Mus.); Texline, 12; Washburn, 2. 

New Mexico: Carlsbad, 4; Clapham, 4 (Phila. Acad. Sci., includ- 
ing type; Mus. Comp. Zool.); Clayton, 1; Fort Sumner, 2; Koehler 
Junction, 1; Roswell, 6; Santa Rosa, 6. 

ONYCHOMYS LEUCOGASTER BREVICAUDUS Merriam. 
1891. Onychomys leucogaster brevicaudus Merriam, North Amer. Fauna, No. 5, 
p. 52. July 30. 

Type-locality.— Blackfoot, Bingham County, Idaho. 

Geographic distribution.—Southern Idaho, extreme southwestern 
Wyoming, northwestern Utah, and west across the northern half of 
Nevada into Lassen, Plumas, and Mono Counties, California. 


442 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47. 


General characters.—Smallest of the subspecies of lewcogaster, with 
small hind foot and short tail. Coloration darker than in arcticeps, 
lighter than in fuscogriseus. 

Color.—Adult vn fresh winter pelage (24897, Reese River, Nevada, 
November 24): Upperparts rich glossy avellaneous, the face, head, 
back, and rump darkened by streaking of the brownish hair tips; sides, 
hips, and lower rump more cinnamon color; ear tufts pure white at 
bases, buffy above; ears sharply marked dark brown and white; tail 
erayish-brown above, with white tip. Entire underparts, including 
whole of arms, hands, lower cheeks, inner sides of legs, and the feet 
pure white. Adult in summer (23086, type, Blackfoot, Idaho, July 
15): Like winter specimens but faded, less glossy; the hair tips worn 
away and the gray of underfur showing through the worn pelage, 
ereatly modifying the general color. Ear tufts not noticeable and 
color of ears greatly subdued. Juvenile (94668, Golconda, Nevada, 
July 3): Almost precisely like the young of O. l. arcticeps, but black 
markings on ears more conspicuous. IJmmature (22996, Blackfoot, 
Idaho, July 12): Like the juvenile but less ashy, more mouse gray; 
the ear markings less conspicuous, the ear tufts whiter. 

Skull and teeth—Compared with skulls of missouriensis and 
arcticeps, the skull of brevicaudus is short, flat, and comparatively 
broad, with short and stout rostrum and much flattened brain case. 
In size it averages less than skulls of any other subspecies of lewco- 
gaster. The teeth are also slightly smaller than in the other races. 

Measurements.—Averages and extremes of 17 adults from Idaho, 
Utah, and Nevada: Total length, 141 (180-155); tail vertebra, 39 
(31-42); hind foot, 19.1 (17-20); ear from notch in dry skin, 15.6 
(14.4-16.7). Skull: Condylobasal length, 24.8 (23.8-26.0); zygo- 
matic breadth, 14.3 (13.4-14.8); interorbital breadth, 4.9 (4.7-5.1); 
breadth of braincase, 12.8 (12.3-13.3); length of nasals, 10.0 (9.4- _ 
10.5); length of mandible, 14.4 (13.7-15.0); maxillary tooth row, 4.0 
(3.84.2). For detailed measurements of specimens see page 475. 

Type-specimen.—No. 23288, United States National Museum, 
Biological Survey Collection. Skin and skull of adult male (teeth 
much worn). Collected July 15, 1890, by Vernon Bailey and B. H. 
Dutcher. Original number 1442. 

Remarks.—This is a small, well marked subspecies, with a rather 
extensive distribution in the Great Basin. It intergrades with 
arcticeps in southwestern Wyoming, and with fuscogriseus all along 
the northwestern border of its range. It is quite impossible to 
determine many single specimens from the border line between the 
distribution of fuscogriseus and brevicaudus, but in the main the 
limits of the two subspecies have been well worked out. Juvenile 
examples are especially helpful, as the color differences between the 
two races are particularly developed in the young. 


No, 2057. THE GRASSHOPPER MICE—HOLLISTER. 443 


Specimens examined.—Total number, 117, from localities as fol- 
lows: 

Ipano: Big Lost River, 1; Blackfoot, 6, type and paratypes; 
Glenn’s Ferry, 5; Minidoka, 5; Montpelier Creek, 1; Murphy, 1. 

Wyomine: Bear River, 3; Cokeville, 1; Evanston, 6. 

Uran: Kelton, 1; Nephi, 7. 

Nevapa: Austin, 7; Battle Mountain, 1; Bull Run Mountains, 1; 
Carlin, 1; Carson Sink, 1; Cottonwood Range, 1; Elko, 9; Flowing 
Springs, 1; Gardnerville, 1 (Mus. Comp. Zool.) ; Golconda, 3; Halleck, 
12; Holbrook, 2 (Mus. Comp. Zool.); Monitor Valley, 1; Mountain 
City, 4; Osobb Valley, 2; Pine Forest Mountains, 1 (Univ. of Cali- 
fornia) ; Pyramid Lake, 3; Rabbit Hole Mountains, 2; Reese River, 3; 
Silver Creek, 1; Wadsworth, 2; Wells, 1; Winnemucca, 2. 

CaturorniA: Amedee, 6; Benton, 1 (Univ. of California); Long 
Valley, 4; Mono Lake, 2; North Hot Springs, Mono County, 1 (Mus. 
Comp. Zool.); Sierra Valley, 4. 


ONYCHOMYS LEUCOGASTER FUSCOGRISEUS Anthony. 


1913. @Onychomys leucogaster fuscogriseus ANTHONY, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 
vol. 32, p. 11. March 7. 

Type-locality—Ironside, Malheur County, Oregon; 4,000 feet 
altitude. 

Geographic distribution.—Kastern Washington and Oregon, western 
Idaho, and northeastern California. South to Klamath Lake and 
the Madeline Plains. 

General characters.—Closely related to O. 1. brevicaudus, but darker 
in color; the young especially darker. 

Color.—Similar in all pelages to O. l. brevicaudus, but averaging 
considerably darker. Adult in summer (88958, Swan Lake Valley, 
Oregon, June 13): Upperparts dark reddish-brown, rich and glossy; 
darkest medially, more brownish on sides and hips. Ear tufts con- 
spicuously whitish; arms white; outer sides of legs to feet color of 
rump; tail blackish-brown above with grayish-white tip, white 
below. Younger adults vary from dark grayish-brown to rich light 
purplish-gray. Juvenile (11008, Univ. of Calif. Mus., Warner 
Mountains, California, July 28): Much darker, more blackish, than 
young of brevicaudus of same age. Above dark mouse gray, in some 
lights almost black; legs intensely colored to feet. 

Skull.—The skull is essentially as in O.1. brevicaudus. (Plate 15.) 

Measurements.—Averages and extremes of seven adults from 
Washington, Oregon, and California: Total length, 143 (138-149); 
tail vertebra, 38 (34-40); hind foot, 19.2 (18.0-21.0); ear from notch 
in dry skin, 15.0 (14.5-15.8). Skull: Condylobasal length, 24.9 
(24.4-25.2) ; zygomatic breadth, 14.1 (12.6-15.0) ; interorbital breadth, 
4.8 (4.6-5.0); breadth of braincase, 12.7 (12.4-12.9); length of nasals 


444 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. } 


10.1 (9.8-10.3) ; length of mandible, 14.5 (14.2-14.9) ; maxillary tooth 
row, 4.1 (4.0-4.4). For detailed measurements of specimens see page 
476. 

Type-specimen.—No. 33544, American Museum of Natural His- 
tory, New York. Skin and skull of young adult female (teeth little 
worn), still in immature pelage. Collected August 20, 1912, by 
H. EK. Anthony. Original number, 121. 

Remarks.—This is a subspecies closely related to O. 1. brevicaudus, 
and differing only in color. It intergrades with brewcaudus in the 
western Snake River Valley and all along the adjoining ranges of 
theforms. The palest specimens I have referred to fuscogriseus come 
from the northern Plains of the Columbia. Some of these skins are 
nearly as light colored as true brevicaudus. 

Specimens examined.—Total number, 78, from the following locali- 
ties: 

WasuHineton. Asotin, 1; Baird, 3; Coulee City, 7; Douglas, 2; 
Mabton, 4; Pasco, 4; Rattlesnake Hills, 1; Touchet, 2. 

Orecon: Alvord Valley, 1; Buck Creek, 1; Goose Lake Valley, 
1; Harney, 2; Heppner, 2; Ironside, 10 (type and paratype®, Amer. 
Mus.); Klamath Basin, 2; Klamath Falls, 3; Narrows, 2; Plush, 2; 
Swan Lake Valley, 2; Tule Lake, 1; Umatilla, 5; Willows Junction, 1. 

Ipano: Nampa, 2; Weiser, 1. 

CaLirorNiIA: Dry Creek, Warner Mountains, 9 (Univ. of Calif.); 
Madeline Plains, 3; Picard, 1; Sugar Hill, Modoc County, 2 (Univ. 
of Calif.) ; Tule Lake, 1. 


ONYCHOMYS LEUCOGASTER MELANOPHRYS Merriam. 


1889. Onychomys leucogaster melanophrys Merriam, North Amer. Fauna, No. 2, 
p. 2. October 30. 

1890. O[nychomys] melanophrys pallescens Merriam, North Amer. Fauna, No. 3, 
p. 60. September 11. (Moki Pueblos, Navajo County, Arizona; type in 
U.S. National Museum.) 

1890. Onychomys melanophrys pallescens Merriam, North Amer. Fauna, No. 3, 
p. 61. September 11. 

1890. O[nychomys| melanophrys Merriam, North Amer. Fauna, No. 3, p. 61. 
September 11. 

1895. Onychomys leucogaster pallescens ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 
vol. 7, p. 225. June 29. 

1896. Onychomys pallescens Mearns, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 18, No. 1081. 
Advance sheet, p. 4. May 25. 

1901. Onychomys melanophrys MILLER AND ReExHN, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 
vol 30, p. 67. December 27. 

1912. Onychomys melanophrys melanophrys Miter, Bull. 79, U. 8. Nat. Mus, 
p. 127. December 31. 


Type-locality Kanab, Kane County, Utah. 

Geographic distribution—South central and southeastern Utah, 
southwestern Colorado, northeastern Arizona, and northwestern 
New Mexico. North in the Grand River Valley to Fruita, Colorado, 


\ 


No. 2057. THE GRASSHOPPER MICE—HOLLISTER. 445 


and in the Rio Grande Valley to northern Costillo County, Colorado. 
West to Kanab, Utah, and Flagstaff, Arizona; east in New Mexico 
to Santa Fe and the Sandia Mountains; south to Acoma and the 
Zuni River. 

General characters—A bright colored race; in perfect pelage rich 
pinkish-cinmnamon above. Much lighter colored than ruidose, 
fuliginosus, or capitulatus, its geographical neighbors. Darker and 
richer colored than arcticeps, of the Great Plains. 

Color.—Adult in full winter pelage (57201, Bluff City Utah, Novem- 
ber 8): Upperparts pinkish-cinnamon, finely lined with darker 
brownish; darkest on top of head, lower back, and rump; lower 
sides and hips almost pure pinkish-cinnamon. Nose lighter than 
head; ear tufts pale buffy; ears blackish, rimmed with white; 
eyebrows dark brown; tail pale brownish-gray at base above, tip 
and below white. Entire underparts pure white, hairs of lower 
breast, belly, and sides with underfur narrowly pale slate-gray. 
Adult in late spring (186479, Moki Pueblos, Arizona, May 18; type 
of ‘‘pallescens”): Much faded and paler than in fresh coat, the rich 
pinkish-Ginnamon faded to cinnamon-buff and the darker hair tips 
of back much worn away; ear tufts less conspicuous than in winter. 
Juvenile (166709, Kanab, Utah, September 21): Almost precisely 
like the young of O. l. arcticeps, but very slightly paler, the face 
lighter, and the underparts pure white. Paler than young of O. l. 
ruidose. Young adult (161202, Kanab, Utah, September 20): 
Much grayer than old adults in fall, without pinkish-cinnamon on 
back and sides. Above drab, finely lined with darker; the back 
and rump lightly washed with a glossy cinnamon-drab. Underparts 
white. 

Many old adults, among them some of the oldest specimens exam-_ 
ined, with the teeth very much worn, do not acquire the bright 
pinkish-cinnamon pelage, even in winter, but remain in a coat much 
like that of the young adult and immature but darker. Since I have 
found no evidences of real dichromatism in the examination of many 
hundreds of specimens of Onychomys, and in every form each differ- 
ence of color has proved a step in a true sequence of pelages, moults, 
and wear, I am inclined to believe that this single case of what 
otherwise might be regarded as dichromatism is in reality a senile 
pelage. Aged animals, in other words, appear not to renew into 
the highly colored fresh pelage of adults in the prime of life, but 
take on a pelage resembling that of the immature. 

Skull—KEssentially as in ruidose. (Plate 15.) 

Measurements—Averages and extremes of 12 adults from Utah 
and Colorado: Total length, 154 (145-163); tail vertebrae, 44 (89-55) ; 
hind foot, 21.9 (21.0-23.0); ear from notch in dry skin, 14.7 (13.9- 


446 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


15.4). Skull: Condylobasal length, 25.9 (24.8-27.3); zygomatic 
breadth, 15.1 (14.1-16.1); interorbital breadth, 5.0 (4.7—-5.3) ; breadth 
of braincase, 12.7 (12.3-13.1); length of nasals, 10.9 (10.3-11.4); 
length of mandible, 15.4 (14.8-15.9); maxillary tooth row, 4.6 
(4.4-4.8). For detailed measurements of specimens, see page 476. 

Type-specimen.—No. 186477, United States National Museum. 
Skin and skull of adult male (teeth little worn), in full winter pelage. 
Collected December 22, 1888, by Vernon Bailey. Original number 
458. Merriam collection number 243%. The colors, especially of 
tail, feet, and ears, have been destroyed by painting with corrosive 
sublimate and exposing to fumes of carbon bisulphide, which has 
turned them a dark plumbeous color. 

Remarks——This form intergrades with ruidose wherever the 
ranges meet. Specimens from New Mexico average slightly larger 
and have slightly longer ears than skins from Utah and Colorado, 
but the coloration is remarkably uniform over the mapped range of 
the subspecies. 

The abundant material now in the collection makes it clear that 
O. l. melanophrys and Onychomys melanophrys pallescens Merriam 
are indistinguishable. The type of pallescens, from Moki Pueblos, 
northeastern Arizona, is in the faded spring pelage. The type and 
topotypes of melanophrys can be almost exactly matched in color 
by numerous specimens from Wingate, and even as far east as the 
Sandia Mountains, New Mexico. 

In fresh pelage O. 1. melanophrys is a handsome mouse, and it 
differs conspicuously in color from all the other races of leucogaster. 
It is most like O. 1. arcticeps from the Great Plains, but is decidedly 
richer and darker colored. 

Specimens examined.—Total number, 147, from localities as 
follows: 

Urau: Bluff City, 2; Hanksville, 1; Kanab, 15, including the 
type; River View, 1; Thurber, 1. 

Cotorapo: Antonito, 1; Conejos River, 2; Coventry, 1; Fruita, 
5; Medano Ranch, 15 miles northeast of Mosca, 3; Naturita, 2 

Arona: Flagstaff, 1; Holbrook, 8; Keams Cafion, 1; Moa Ave, 
Painted Desert, 4; Moki Pueblos, 3, including type of ‘‘pallescens”’ 
Oraibi, 1; Tuba City, Painted Desert, 1; Walnut, 6; Winslow, 11; 
Zuni River, 2. 

New Mexico: Acoma, 1; Albiquin, 6; Albuquerque, 1; Carasal, 
Bernalillo County, 2 (Mus. Comp. Zool.); Chaco Canyon, 2 (Amer. 
Mus.); Chama River, 1; Espafiola, 1; Fruitland, 2; Gallina, 1; Gallup, 
13; Jamez, 1; Laguna, 1; La Plate 1 (Amer. RE Sandia Moun- 
tains, 3; canta Fe, 1; Stinking Spring Lake, 4; Tierra Amarillo, 1; 
Wingate, 32; Zuni Riven i 


No. 2057. THE GRASSHOPPER MICE—HOLLISTER. 447 


ONYCHOMYS LEUCOGASTER FULIGINOSUS Merriam. 
1890. Onychomys fuliginosus Merriam, North Amer. Fauna, No. 3, p. 59. 
September 11. 

Type-locality—Black Tank lava beds, northeast of San Francisco 
Mountain, Arizona. 

. Geographic distribution.—Lava beds and pinyon and cedar belt, 
et and northeast of San Francisco Mountain, Arizona. 

General characters.—Coloration very dark; charactors otherwise as 
in melanophrys. 

Color.—Old adult in autumn (17997, Black Tank, Arizona, Septem- 
ber 27; type): Upperparts dark blackish brown; darkest on head and 
along middle of back to tail, where the color is almost deep neutral 
gray; sides lighter, more wood-brown; ear tufts not conspicuous, the 
color of head; outer sides of legs to foot color of back; tail blackish- 
brown above at base, paling to near end, which is white like the lower 
surface. Arms, hands, and feet whitish; underparts of body white. 
The color of upperparts extends downward on sides much farther 
than usual in the genus, leaving only the ventral surface pure white. 
A younger adult from the type-locality (17996, September 21) lacks 
most of the smoky coloration and is a rich dark wood-brown, mottled 
with blackish-brown, above; the legs are nearer white, as usual in 
the group, with only a faint indication of color along outer side to 
near heel. Three immature specimens also exhibit this variation in 
color and markings; two are like the type and one is like the last- 
described specimen. 

Skull.—The skull does not differ in any essential respect from that 
of melanophrys. 

Measurements.—Type: Total length, 160 millimeters; tail vertebree, 
47; hind foot, 21.5; ear from notch in dry skin, 15.0. Skull: Con- 
dylobasal length, 25.9; zygomatic breadth, 15.8; interorbital breadth, 
5.2; breadth of braincase, 13.2; length of nasals, 11.6; length of 
mandible, 15.4; maxillary tooth row, 4.5. For detailed measure- 
ments of specimens, see page 477. 

Type-specimen.—No. 43387, United States National Museum, 
Biological Survey collection. Skin and skull of old adult female 
(teeth much worn). Collected September 27, 1889, by Dr. C. Hart 
Merriam and Vernon Bailey. Original number, 547. 

Remarks.—-This is a local lava-bed form of melanophrys. Such 
local variations occur in other rodent genera, notably Peromyscus 
and Neotoma, in the ‘‘malpais” sections of Arizona and New Mexico. 
There is a question, perhaps, if such extreme local color variations 
should be recognized by name, but until more material from the 
vicinity of San Francisco Mountain is examined it seems best, in 
this case, to retain the form as a subspecies. Specimens of melan- 
ophrys from Walnut, Arizona, show a tendency toward fuliginosus 


448 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47. 


in coloration and intergradation presumably takes place at all 
places where the lava-bed form meets the desert race. 

Specimens examined.—Total number, 5, from the following 
localities: 

Arizona: Black Tank, Painted Desert, 3, including the type; San 
Francisco Mountain, cedar belt, east side, 2. 

ONYCHOMYS LEUCOGASTER RUIDOSZ Stone and Rehn. 
1903. Onychomys ruidos® STONE AND ReEuHN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 
1903, p. 22. May 7. 
1913. Onychomys leucogaster ruidose Houitster, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 
vol. 26, p. 216. December 20. 

Type-locality—Hale’s Ranch, Ruidoso, Lincoln County, New 
Mexico. 

Geographic distribution.—Chiefly the mountainous region of south- 
eastern Arizona and central and southwestern New Mexico. North 
to Camp Verde, Arizona, and to the Manzano Mountains and Las 
Vegas, New Mexico; east to the Capitan Mountains; south into north- 
ern Chihuahua and Sonora. 

General characters.—A dark form of the melanophrys type; darker 
and richer colored than melanophrys, arcticeps, or albescens, its geo- 
graphical neighbors; never, apparently, in its typical form, attaining 
the light buffy state of coloration. 

Color.—Adult in full fall pelage (119149, Carrizozo, New Mexico, 
October 30): Above glossy dark wood-brown, with a wash of rich 
cinnamon color and finely lined with darker brown hair tips; darkest 
on lower back and rump, palest on shoulders and sides; posterior 
sides of body and hips almost pure cinnamon. Ear tufts pale cin- 
namon-brown, inconspicuous; ear brownish outside, rimmed with 
white; posterior side of inner ear with pure white hairs; tail grayish- 
brown above, whitish at tip and below. Lips, arms, hands, feet, 
and entire underparts whitish. Juvenile (119151, Carrizozo, New 
Mexico, October 31): Almost exactly like corresponding age in O. l. 
longipes, but tail lighter above, pale grayish-brown. Young adult 
in autumn (119152, Carrizozo, New Mexico, October 31): Paler and 
less richly colored than old animals. Above drab, very finely 
streaked with darker, and lightly washed with pale cinnamon. 

Specimens collected during process of renewal into first full adult 
pelage are often curiously and irregularly mottled, with the head and 
dorsum dark brownish and the shoulders and sides patched with 
bright cinnamon. 

Skull—tlLess high and elongated than in albescens and longipes; 
much as in arcticeps, with flattened braincase. Differs from the skull 
of arcticeps, however, in its wider, less parallel sided, interpterygoid 
space and slightly smaller audital bulle. (Plate 15.) 


NO. 2057. THE GRASSHOPPER MICE—HOLLISTER. 4AQ 


Measurements—Averages and extremes of 21 adults from New 
Mexico and Arizona: Total length, 159 (150-167); tail vertebrae, 49 
(42-55); hind foot, 22.2 (20.5-24.0); ear from notch in dry skin, 15.6 
(13.7-16.9). Skull: Condylobasal length, 26.2 (24.9-27.5); zygo- 
matic breadth, 14.8 (13.9-16.2); interorbital breadth, 4.8 (4.4-5.2); 
breadth of braincase, 12.8 (12.2-13.2); length of nasals, 11.2 (10.3— 
11.8); length of mandible, 15.3 (14.3-16.2); maxillary tooth row, 4.4 
(4.3-4.6). For detailed measurements of specimens, see page 478. 

Type-specimen.—No. 11091, collection of Academy of Natural 
Sciences, Philadelphia. Skin and skull of old adult female (teeth 
much worn). Collected September 19, 1898, by C. M. Barber. 
Original number, 73. Rhoads collection, No. 4091. 

Remarks.—This is a dark form of the melanophrys type which seems 
never to attain the light buffy pelage of the more northern race. It is 
likewise darker and richer colored than arcticeps. Direct intergrada- 
tion with melanophrys, arcticeps, and albescens is shown by numerous 
intermediate examples from the borders of the range. Specimens 
from Las Vegas, New Mexico, ave approaching areticeps in character. 
The lightest colored specimens I have referred to ruidose are from the 
Lower Sonoran parts of southern New Mexico, at Monument No. 15, 
Mexican Boundary Line, and Jarilla. These specimens show such a 
strong approach in color toward albescens of northern Chihuahua that 
their determination as ruidose seems perhaps unwarranted; but 
albescens, as known from three specimens only is so very local that 
until more complete collections trom the general region are made it 
seems best to consider these specimens as intermediates, and probably 
nearest to ruidose. 

Specimens ecamined.—Total number, 150, from the following locali- 
ties: 

New Mexico: Ancho, 1; Bear Spring Mountains, 13; Burley, 4; 
Cactus Flat, 3; Capitan Mountains, 2; Carrizozo, 7; Datil Mountains, 2; 
Deer Creek, Grant County, 2; Deming, 8; Fairview, 2; Gallina Moun- 
tains, 4; Hale’s Ranch, Ruidoso, 4 (Phila. Acad. Sci., type and two 
paratypes and one in Amer. Mus.); Hatchet Ranch, 1; Jarilla, 1; 
Lake Valley, 2; Las Vegas, 7; Magdalena, 1; Mangos Valley, 1; 
Manzano Mountains, east side, 11; Mesa Jumanes, 11; Mesilla, 1 
(Phila. Acad. Sci.); Monument No. 15, Mexican Boundary Line, 5; 
Rio Alamosa, 1; San Augustine Plains, 7; San Pedro, 4; Socorro, 1. 

Arizona: Camp Verde, 2; Dos Cabesos, 2; Fairbank, 4 (Amer. 
Mus. and Field Mus.); Lochiel, 1; San Bernardino Ranch, 1; San 
Pedro River, 23; Taylor, 5; Willcox, 1. 

Sonora: Santa Cruz River, 4. 

CurnuAHuA: Colonia Diaz, 1. 


34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14—-29 


450 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47. 


ONYCHOMYS LEUCOGASTER CAPITULATUS Hollister. 


1913. Onychomys leucogaster capitulatus HouusteR, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, _ 
vol. 26, p. 215. December 20. 

Type-locality—Lower end of Prospect Valley, 4,500 feet, Hualpai 
Indian Reservation, Grand Canyon, Arizona. 

Geographic distribution—Known only from the type-locality and 
from Aubrey Valley, Arizona. 

General characters—Darker than melanophrys; lighter, more red- — 
dish-brown, than fuliginosus. Coloration much like that of ruidose, 
but slightly smaller in size and with considerably smaller and weaker 
skull. 

Color.—The coloration of this form, in all pelages, closely resembles 
that of O. 1. ruidose. 

Skull—Like skulls of ruidose and melanophrys, but smaller and 
generally weaker, with lighter rostrum, narrower interpterygoid space, 
and smaller audital bulle. (Plate 15.) 

Measurements—Type and averages of 10 adults from vicinity of 
type-locality, the latter in parentheses: Total length, 142 (147); tail 
vertebra, 43 (44); hind foot, 21.0 (21.9); ear from notch in dry skin, 
14.6 (14.8). Skull: Condylobasal length, 25.1 (25.1); zygomatic 
breadth, 14.0 (14.0); interorbital breadth, 4.7 (4.6); breadth of brain- 
case, 13.0 (12.6); length of nasals, 10.9 (10.9); length of mandible, 
14.5 (14.5); maxillary tooth row, 4.3 (4.3). For detailed measure- 
ments of specimens, see page 478. 

Type-specimen.—No. 202612, United States National Museum, 
Biological Survey collection. Skin and skull of adult male (teeth 
moderately worn) in fresh fall pelage. Collected September 26, 1913, 
by Edward A. Goldman. Original number, 22234. 

Remarks.—This form is closely related to O. l. ruidose, but the 
slightly smaller size, smaller ear, and uniformly smaller and weaker 
skull, characters so constant in the series of 20 specimens as to 
appear truly reliable, make it necessary to recognize it by name. No 
Onychomys was known from the region before this series was taken 
by Mr. Goldman in 1913, and the type-locality is the most westerly 
point of the known range of the leucogaster group in the Southwest. 

Specimens examined.—Total number, 20, from localities as follows: 

Arizona: Aubrey Valley, 10 miles south of Pine Spring, 6; Grand 
Canyon, Hualpai Indian Reservation, 14. 

ONYCHOMYS LEUCOGASTER ALBESCENS Merriam. 
1904. Onychomys leucogaster albescens MeRRIAM, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 
vol. 17, p. 124. June 9. 

Type-locality—_Samalayuca, Chihuahua, Mexico. 

Geographic distribution —Known only from the sand dunes at the 
type-locality in northern Chihuahua, and from Monument No. 1, 
Mexican boundary line, opposite El Paso, Texas. 


NO. 2057. THE GRASSHOPPER MICE—HOLLISTER. 451 


General characters—General coloration exceedingly pale, without 
distinct markings, and with white of underparts extending onto 
shoulders and upper sides. 

Color.—Adult in full winter coat (50040, Samalayuca, Chihuahua, 
December 12; type): General color of upperparts pale vinaceous-buff, 
darkest on crown, lower back, and rump, where the color becomes 
almost light pinkish-cinnamon; nose to crown whitish; ear tufts pure 
white; ears scantly furred with whitish; underfur of back slate-gray. 
Lips, cheeks, region back of ears, sides, legs, and feet white, the hairs 
everywhere except on upper sides pure white to bases. Tail pale- 
grayish above, whitish below; not sharply bicolor. Two slightly 
younger specimens from the type-locality differ somewhat from the 
type, but both are very pale. One (50042, December 18) lacks the 
buffy general color and is decidedly grayish above. 

Skull and teeth.—The skull of albescens resembles those of longipes 
and breviauritus in general shape more than other forms of the group. 
Compared with ruidose it is long and slender with higher, less flattened 
braincase. The teeth are small. 

Measurements of type——Total length, 160 millimeters; tail verte- 
bree, 60; hind foot, 23; ear from notch in dry skin, 15.6. Skull: 
Condylobasal length, 26.0; zygomatic breadth, 14.2; interorbital 
breadth, 14.8; breadth of braincase, 12.9; length of nasals, 11.6; 
length of mandible, 15.0; maxillary tooth row, 4.3. 

Type-specmen.—No. 50040, United States National Museum, 
Biological Survey Collection. Skin and skull of young adult male 
(teeth moderately worn and basal suture open), in fresh full winter 
coat. Collected December 12, 1892, by C. P. Streator. Original 
number 2399. 

Remarks.—This is a local form, restricted, so far as known, to the 
sand dunes in the vicinity of Samalayuca, Chihuahua, and northward 
to the Rio Grande, opposite El] Paso, Texas. Specimens from the 
Lower Sonoran deserts of Otero County, New Mexico, are pale and 
are distinctly approaching this race in color, but are best placed with 
the wider ranging ruidose. 

Specumens examined.—Total number 6, from: 

CuinvUAHUA: Mexican boundary line, opposite El Paso, 3; Sama- 
layuca, 3 (type and paratypes). 

ONYCHOMYS LEUCOGASTER LONGIPES Merriam. 
1888. Cricetus (Onychomys) leucogaster THomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1888, 
. 446. 
1889. Onychomys longipes Merriam, North Amer. Fauna, No.2, p.1. October 20, 
1901. [Onychomys leucogaster] longipes Evxi1oT, Field Col. Mus., pub. 45, zool.ser., 
vol. 2, p. 120. 
1913. Onychomys leucogaster longipes HoLtisTER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 
26, p. 216. December 20. 

Type-locality.—Concho County, Texas. 

Geographic distribution—Central and southern Texas and Nuevo 
Leon and Tamaulipas, Mexico. North to Tom Green and Concho 


452 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


Counties, Texas; west to the Pecos River; southeast to Rockport 
and Nueces Bay, Texas; south to Victoria, Tamaulipas. Lower 
Sonoran Zone. 

General characters.—Size large; colors dull; ears larger than in any 
other subspecies of leucogaster. In general most like breviauritus, 
but much less brightly colored, lighter and grayer; with longer tail 
and feet and much larger ears. 

Color.—Adult in winter (21180, Fort Clark, Texas, December 29): 
Upperparts drab, darkest on middle of back; finely lined with darker 
brownish, and with a wash of pale cinnamon over lower back and 
hips; an indistinct stripe of cinnamon along sides between color of 
upperparts and white of underparts, from fore legs to base of tail; a 
blackish spot each side of nose at base of whiskers; ear tufts scant, 
pale cinnamon color. Tail brown above with white tip; whitish 
below, not sharply bicolor. Underparts white, the hairs of throat 
and fore legs white to bases. There is little difference in the color of 
adults at any season. Juvenile (3863, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Corpus 
Christi, Texas, April 24): Above brownish-gray, close to mouse-gray, 
finely lined with darker; sides paler. 

Skull and teeth.—The skull of longipes resembles that of breviauri- 
tus and differs from the skulls of arcticeps, melanophrys, and other 
forms of leucogaster in being narrower and comparatively long, with 
longer, higher braincase. Teeth relatively small. (Plate 15.) 

Measurements.—Averages and extremes of 12 adult specimens from 
Texas and Tamaulipas: Total length, 166 (152-190) millimeters; tail 
vertebra, 55 (48-61); hind foot, 22.9 (22.0-25.0); ear from notch in dry 
skin, 16.1 (15.0-16.9). Skull: Condylobasal length, 27.1 (25.9—28.9) ; 
zygomatic breadth, 15.1 (14.3-15.5); interorbital breadth, 4.7 (4.5- 
5.2); breadth of braincase, 12.7 (11.9-13.3); length of nasals, 11.8 
(10.9-12.7); length of mandible, 15.9 (15.1-17.1); maxillary tooth 
row, 4.4 (4.1-4.8). For detailed measurements of specimens see 
page 479. 

Type-specimen.—No. 186478, United States National Museum. 
Skin and skull of young adult female (teeth little worn and basal 
suture not entirely closed). Collected March 11, 1887, by Wiliam 
Lloyd. Merriam collection, No. 3334. 

Remarks.—This subspecies exhibits less variation in pelage from 
age and season than any other form of Onychomys. From lack of 
specimens between, their ranges as mapped, intergradation with the 
Oklahoma form is not proved, but from the close resemblance between 
the two forms it seems most certain, and the Oklahoma form cer- 
tainly intergrades with arcticeps. There are so few good specimens 
from the lower Pecos Valley that the actual relationship between 
longipes and arcticeps at this point can not be determined, but it 
seems most certain from the color of such skins as are available that 


NO, 2057. THE GRASSHOPPER MICE—HOLLISTER. 453 


intergradation does take place at this point. Aside from the slight 
difference in shape, there seem to be no actual characters to distin- 
guish the skulls of longipes from those of other forms of the lewcogaster 
group. 

Specumens examined.—Total number, 39, from the following locali- 
ties: 

Texas: Bee County, 1; Brownsville, 1 (Amer. Mus.); Comstock, 
3; Concho County, 1 (type); Corpus Christi, 1; Eagle Pass, 1; Fort 
Clark, 8; Laredo, 2; Lomita Ranch, 2; Nueces Bay, 3; Raglan’s 
Ranch, Rio Grande, 1; Rockport, 2 (Amer. Mus.); San Angelo, 1; 
San Diego, 1; Sauz Ranch, Cameron County, 1; Sheffield, 25 miles 
south on Pecos River, 1; Sycamore Creek, 1. 

TAMAULIPAS: Camargo, 2; Reynosa, 1; Victoria, 2. 

Nuevo Leon: Linares, 3. 

ONYCHOMYS LEUCOGASTER BREVIAURITUS Hollister. 


1913. Onychomys leucogaster breviauritus HouuistER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 
vol. 26, p. 216. December 20. 

Type-locality—F ort Reno, Oklahoma. 

Geographic distribution Eastern Nebraska, eastern and south- 
central Kansas, and middle Oklahoma. From Neligh, Nebraska, and 
Fort Riley and Neosha Falls, Kansas, west and south to Kinsley, 
Kansas, and to Woodward and Fort Reno, Oklahoma. Entirely 
within the Carolinian and Austroriparian faunas of the Australregion. 

General characters.—Most like O. l. longipes, but darker and richer 
colored, with shorter tail, smaller hind foot, and smaller ears. 

Color.—Adult vn full winter pelage (96057, Alva, Oklahoma, Feb- 
ruary 27): Head and back a rich blackish-brown, the ground color 
pinkish-cinnamon, the overlying hairs with long blackish tips which 
streak and darken the ground color; cheeks and sides with less of the 
dark streaking, the hips and lower rump almost pure pinkish-cinna- 
mon. Center of nose gray; cinnamon spots at base of whiskers, 
between the gray of nose and white of lips. Ear tufts cinnamon-buff; 
tail grayish-brown above to near tip, sharply bicolor, the underside 
and tip white. Arms, hands, lower legs, and entire underparts white, 
with dark gray underfur everywhere except on chin. Adult in late 
summer (19145, Fort Reno, Oklahoma, October 8; breeding female, 
renewal retarded): Upperparts dull grayish-brown; sides brighter, 
more cinnamon; no conspicuous ear tufts; tail and feet scantily 
furred. Juvenile (96060, Alva, Oklahoma, September 5): Above 
hair-brown, finely lined; sides paler, more drab; no ear tufts; tail 
brownish above, whitish below. Jmmature in winter coat (23190, 
Fort Reno, Oklahoma, December 21): Like the juvenile but darker, 
more glossy and richly colored; the back blackish-brown, sides more 
pinkish-buff; no ear tufts; tail brownish above, with white tip; 
entire underparts white. 


454 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von 47, 


Skull.—Almost precisely like the skull of longipes. Compared with 
skulls of arcticeps it is narrower, longer, and more arched, with longer 
rostrum and longer, higher braincase. I can find no character to 
separate the skulls from those of longipes. There is, perhaps, less 
tendency toward the development of a spine on the posterior border 
of the palate, but in the leucogaster group this character is exceedingly 
variable and very unreliable. 

Measuremenis.—Type and averages, the latter in parentheses, of 
seven adults from Kansas and Oklahoma: Total length, 164 (156); 
tail vertebrae, 42 (42); hind foot, 21.0 (22.0); ear from notch in dry 
skin, 13.2 (12.8). Skull: Condylobasal length, 27.4 (26.9) ; zygomatic 
breadth, 15.1 (15.3); interorbital breadth, 4.4 (4.7); breadth of 
braincase, 12.5 (12.9); length of nasals, 11.5 (11.6); length of man- 
dible, 15.9 (15.7); maxillary tooth row, 4.7 (4.6). For detailed meas- 
urements of specimens see page 479. 

Type-specimen.—No. 4444, United States National Museum. 
Skin and skull of adult female (teeth moderately worn). Collected at 
Fort Reno, Oklahoma, February 16, 1890, by Dr. J. C. Merrill. 
Original number, 18. 

Remarks.—This subspecies intergrades with O. 1. arcticeps. Speci- 
mens from Paladora Canyon, Texas, though placed with arcticeps, are 
undoubtedly intermediates. Skulls of specimens from Neligh, 
Nebraska, show an approach toward skulls of arcticeps in a general 
shortening and flattening, but the skins are typical of breviauritus. 
Intergradation doubtless takes place also with longipes, which the 
Oklahoma form most resembles in general characters, but specimens 
to connect the ranges of the two subspecies throughout southern 
Oklahoma and north-central Texas are wanting. 

Specimens examined.—Total number 41, from localities as follows: 

Nesraska: Neligh, 8. 

Kansas: Fort Riley, 1; Neosha Falls, 1 (Mus. Comp. Zool.) 
Kinsley, 1. 

OxiAHoMa: Alva, 17; Beaver River, 5 (Amer. Mus. and Field 
Mus.); Camp Supply, 11; Fort Reno, 4; Neutral Strip, 1 (Amer. Mus.); 
White Horse Springs, 1 (Field Mus.); Woodward, 1. 


ONYCHOMYS TORRIDUS (Coues). 


(Synonymy under subspecies.) 


Diagnosis —Compared with Onychomys leucogaster, this species 
averages smaller and lighter built, with relatively longer tail (usually 
more than half the length of head and body). The skull averages 
considerably smaller and less stoutly built, but with the interorbital 
region comparatively wide. The teeth are lower crowned, the 
unworn cusps of m! longer than high, or with these dimensions 


1 Skeleton only. 


NO. 2057. THE GRASSHOPPER MICE—HOLLISTER. 455 


nearly equal; anterior cusp of m' more broadened transversely, in 
unworn condition plainly divided at summit into two or three cusp- 
lets; m! narrow and elongated; m? smaller, much reduced, the greatest 
diameter transverse, the crown surface usually only one-sixth to 
one-fourth that of m? (rarely nearly one-third); owing to the length- 


Fic. 3.—DISTRIBUTION OF THE SUBSPECIES OF ONYCHOMYS TORRIDUS. 


1. O. t. torridus. 5. O. t. clarus. 9. O. t. yakiensis. 
2. O. t. perpallidus. 6. O. t. tularensis. 10. O. t. canus. 

3. O.t. pulcher. 7. O. t. ramona. 11. O. t. surrufus. 
4. O. t. longicaudus. 8. O. t. macrotis. 


ening of m! and the reduction of m?, m' is almost invariably more 
than half the length of the tooth row. 

Geographic distribution.—Southwestern United States and northern 
and central Mexico. From the deserts of Nevada and southeastern 
California and the San Joaquin Valley, south into Lower California 
and to Aguas Calientes and San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Eastward 
across southern Arizona and New Mexico to the Pecos Valley in 
Texas (see fig. 3). 


456 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


Subspecies.—Eleven geographical races of Onychomys torridus are 
recognized. Four of these are confined to Mexico, and the others, 
with the exception of typical torridus, have comparatively limited 
distribution. 


ONYCHOMYS TORRIDUS TORRIDUS (Coues). 


1874. Hesperomys (Onychomys) torridus Cours, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel- 
phia, 1874, p. 183. December 15. 

1885. Onychomys leucogaster, var. torridus Herrick, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. 
Minnesota, 13th Ann. Rep. (1884), p. 183. 

1885. Hesperomys torridus True, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 7 (1884), p. 597. 

1888. C[ricetus] torridus Tuomas, Proc. Zool. Suc. London, 1888, p. 183. 

1889. Onychomys torridus Merriam, North Amer. Fauna, No. 2, p. 3. October 30. 

1896. Onychomys torridus arenicola Mearns, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., No. 1103, 
advance sheet, p. 3, May 25; Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 19, p. 189. (Rio 
Grande, about six miles above El Paso, Texas; type in U. 8. Nat. Mus.) 

1912. Onychomys torridus torridus Minter, Bull. 79, U. 8S. Nat. Mus., p. 128. 
December 31. 


Type-locality —Camp Grant, Graham County, Arizona. 

Geographic distribution.—From the Pecos Valley in Texas and south- 
eastern New Mexico, west across southern New Mexico and Chihuahua 
into southeastern Arizona and northern Sonora. North in the Rio 
Grande Valley to Socorro, New Mexico; south to northern Durango. 

General characters —Size medium, but less than in any neighboring 
form; ear smaller than in any other subspecies of torridus. Color of 
adult in late autumn and winter very rich reddish brown; much paler 
in late winter and spring; and darker, less bright, in the new coat in 
late summer; young very dark. Skull with the anterior palatine 
foramina large, extending backward to plane of anterior edge of m', 
or beyond to plane of second cusp of this tooth; posterior edge of 
palate normally concave, without projecting spine. 

Color.—Adult in full winter pelage (17876, Dos Cabezos, Arizona, 
November 21): Upperparts dark pinkish-cinnamon, rich and glossy; 
palest on the nose and cheeks; darkest along back from between 
ears to rump, where it is considerably mixed with the dark blackish- 
brown tips of the long overlying hairs; purest and brightest on 
shoulders and sides where there is little.or no admixture of blackish. 
Whiskers mixed black and white; underfur broadly dusky neutral- 
gray; lanuginous tufts in front of ears conspicuous, pure white; outer 
ear dark brownish, rimmed with whitish; inner side of ear scantily 
haired with whitish. Underparts pure white, sharply cut off from 
color of upperparts, and extending well up on lower sides of body 
and on lower cheeks; the underfur for one-half its length dark 
neutral-gray, black in some lights; arms and hands pure white; legs 
like hips above, white below; feet white. Tail sharply bicolor, gray- 
ish-brown above to near tip; white below and around tip. Adult i 
late winter and spring (21201, Mesquite Springs, Chihuahua, May 12): 
Much paler than in full winter coat, less reddish-cinnamon, more 


No. 2057. THE GRASSHOPPER MICE—HOLLISTER. 457 


vinaceous or pale pinkish-gray and buff; the overlying hair tips worn 
or faded and the brownish-black wash on back and rump less con- 
spicuous as a consequence; lanuginous ear tufts less contrasted from 
surrounding color and therefore much less conspicuous. Adult in 
new pelage, late summer and fall (21215, San Pedro River, Arizona, 
October 25): Darkest annual stage of adult. Pelage short, glossy, 
and with little red. Upperparts of head and body uniform wood 
brown, finely lined with darker; cheeks, shoulders, and sides very 
slightly paler, with less blackish-brown suffusion from darker hair 
tips; underfur broadly dark neutral-gray, the grayish-brown tips 
comparatively short; ear tufts wanting or inconspicuous, not notice- 
ably contrasting in color from head. Underparts grayish-white, the 
slaty underfur showing through the thinly haired chest, belly, and 
limbs. Tail comparatively thinly haired, dark brown above, tip 
and underside whitish. Juvenile pelage (66085, Dos Cabezos, Ari- 
zona, June 22): Above uniform mouse-gray, the hair tips only 
slightly lighter than the underfur; ear tufts grayish; ears blackish 
outside, rimmed with white; dark brown inside, thinly haired with 
whitish. Underparts grayish-white; tail not sharply bicolor as in 
adult, the upper side gray, the under side and tip grayish-white. 
This juvenile pelage moults and renews directly into the post-juvenile 
pelage, which is worn until the following summer or autumn. Pos¢#- 
juvenile pelage (132056, Colonia Diaz, Chihuahua, January 19): 
Above browner, less slaty-gray, than in the juvenile coat. General 
color of upperparts grayish-hair-brown, with a decided tendency 
toward drab, finely lined with darker. Underparts clear whitish. 
Tail sharply bicolor, the brown line along upper surface very narrow. 

Skull——The skull, in general shape, is not conspicuously different 
from that of other forms of the torridus group. It is of medium 
size with comparatively narrow zygomatic breadth. The anterior 
palatine foramina are large, widely spreading forward of center, and 
extend backward to or beyond plane of anterior edge of m', usually 
fully to plane of second cusp of that tooth. The palate appears, 
therefore, very short, and this appearance is accentuated by the 
deeply concave posterior edge, normally without indication of spine. 
Tn occasional immature specimens from throughout the range of 
the form, and in many adults from the extreme western limits of its 
distribution in Arizona and Sonora, the posterior edge of the palate 
develops a well-formed spine, as in the neighboring races on the 
west and south. Skulls from these western localities show a still 
further approach toward perpallidus in the shortening of the anterior 
palatine foramina, though the skins from this region retain the high 
coloration of true torridus. (Plate 15.) 

Measurements.—Averages and extremes of twenty-three speci- 
mens from Arizona, New Mexico, Sonora, and Chihuahua: Total 


458 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


length, 146 (134-158) millimeters; tail vertebree, 52 (47-60); hind 
foot, 21.2 (20.0-22.0); ear from notch in dry skin, 14.0 (12.0-15.8). 
Skull: Condylobasal length, 23.3 (22.7-24.7); zygomatic breadth, 
12.7 (11.9-13.7) ; interorbital breadth, 4.5 (4.3-4.8) breadth of brain- 
case, 11.5 (11.0-11.9); length of nasals, 9.7 (8.9-10.4); length of 
mandible, 13.4 (12.6-14.1); maxillary tooth row, 3.7 (3.5-3.9). For 
detailed measurements of specimens see page 480. 

Type-specimen.—No. 9886, United States National Museum. 
Skin only; adult, not sexed: made up from alcohol and colors con- 
siderately modified. Collected June 10, 1867, by Dr. Edward 
Palmer. Catalogued January, 1872. On the label are recorded 
the following: ‘‘ Alcoholic measurements: nose to eye, .50 [hundredths 
of inch]; nose to ear, .95; nose to occiput, 1.25; length, 3.75; tail, 
2.00; fore foot, .40; hind foot, .80; ear, .70 long, .50 wide.” Ear 
from notch in the dry skin measures 13.3 millimeters; the hind foot, 
1957. 

Remarks.—A comparison of numerous examples in the same 
pelage proves that Onychomys torridus torridus is remarkably uniform 
in coloration over its entire range. Skins in the full winter coat 
from Texas can be exactly matched by comparable skins from 
Dos Cabezos, Arizona. As noted in the description of the skull, 
specunens of torridus from the extreme western limits of the range 
of the typical race show a decided approach toward perpallidus in 
cranial characters, though retaining the coloration of torridus in 
its extreme richness. No specimens are available from the area 
between the northwestern limits of the distribution of torridus, as 
mapped, and Phoenix, Arizona, where perpallidus occurs, but the 
ranges of the two subspecies doubtless meet in this territory, os indi- 
cated by the approach of characteristics in specimens of each. 

The type-specimen of Onychomys torridus arenicola Mearns, col- 
lected by Dr. Edgar A. Mearns and F. X. Holzner on the Rio Grande 
about 6 miles above El Paso, Texas, February 29, 1892, is in the 
collection of the United States National Museum. It is in the pale 
spring stage of the winter pelage and exactly matches some early 
April skins of true torridus. All late autumn and early winter skins 
from the El Paso region and throughout western Texas are indis- 
tinguishable in color from comparable skins of torridus from south- 
eastern Arizona, and there are no important discrepancies in measure- 
ments or in cranial characters. 

Specimens examined.—Total number, 183, from localities as follows: 

ARIZONA: Calabasas, 5; Camp Grant, 1 (type); Dos Cabezos, 7; 
Fairbank, 20 (Field Mus., Amer. Mus., and Mus. Comp. Zool.); Fort 
‘Lowell, 13 (Field Mus. and Amer. Mus.); La Osa, 3; Mammoth, 2; 
Oracle, 1; San Bernardino Ranch, 3 (Field Mus. and Amer. Mus.); 
San Pedro River, 1; Santa Cruz River, 4; Tucson, 2; United States 


NO. 2057. THE GRASSHOPPER MICH—HOLLISTER. 459 


Government grass reserve, 30 miles south of Tucson, 1 (Univ. of 
Calif.). 

New Mexico: Alamogordo, 1 (Phila. Acad. Sci.); Apache, Grant 
County, 3; between Alamogordo and Dry Cafion, Sacramento Moun- 
tains, 7 (Phila. Acad. Sci.); Carizallilo Springs, 1; Dog Spring, 1; 
Dry Creek, 1; Eddy, 2; Glenwood, 4; Gold Camp, 1; Hillsboro, 1; 
Organ City, 1; Pleasanton, 4; Redrock, 2; San Andres Mountains, 1; 
Silver City, 2; Socorro, 3; Tularosa, 10; upper corner monument, 
Mexican boundary line, 9; Weed, 1. 

Texas: Alpine, 5; El Paso, 1; Fort Loncaster, 6; Franklin Moun- 
tains, 1; Kent, 1; Marathon, 1; Marfa, 9; Maxon Springs, 1; Mona- 
hans, 4; Presidio County, 3; Rio Grande, 6 miles above El Paso, 1 
(type of ‘‘arenicola’’); Sierra Blanca, 11. 

CHIHUAHUA: Casas Grandes, 5; Chihuahua, 2; Colonia Diaz, 1; 
Gallego, 1; Juarez, 1 (Amer. Mus.); Mesquite Springs, 1; Samala- 
yucs, 1. 

Sonora: Cerro Blanco, 1 (Field Mus.); Magdalena, 3. 

Duranco: Indé, 1; Rio Sestin, 2 (Amer. Mus.); Rosario, 1 (Amer. 
Mus.); Villa Ocampo, 1 (Amer. Mus.). 

ONYCHOMYS TORRIDUS PERPALLIDUS Mearns. 


1896. Onychomys torridus perpallidus Mearns, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., No. 1103, 
advance sheet, p. 4, May 25; Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vel. 19, p. 140. 


Type-locality—East bank of Colorado River, at Monument No. 
204, Mexican Boundary Line, Yuma County, Arizona. 

Geographic distribution.—Colorado River valley in western Ari- 
zona; eastward along tributary streams to Big Sandy Creek, Signal, 
and Phoenix. Doubtless occurs also in northwestern Sonora. 

General characters.—Slightly larger than the neighboring .forms, 
torridus, longicaudus, and pulcher, with larger ears. Coloration 
much as in longicaudus, but averaging considerably duller, less 
brightly pinkish-buff; paler than in*torridus, darker than in pulcher. 
Skull always with well-developed spine from posterior edge of palate; 
the anterior palatine foramina ending about even with plane of fronts 
of first molars. 

Oolor.—Adult in full winter pelage (189282, Dolan’s Spring, Ari- 
zona, February 7): Decidedly paler, less richly colored, than corre- 
sponding pelage of torridus. General color of upperparts light 
pinkish-cinnamon, pure on cheeks, shoulders, and sides, and very 
sparingly and minutely streaked with darker on back and rump, 
lanuginous tufts in front of ears mixed with color of head and much 
less conspicuous than in torridus; underfur a much paler slate, in 
most lights about as in slate-gray No. 5 of Ridgway. Tail, feet, 
and underparts as in torridus, but the underfur below very narrowly 
pale slate, very different from the broadly grayish-black underfur 
of torridus. Adult vn late winter and spring (60174, type, Yuma 


460 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you, 47. 


County, Arizona, March 27): Paler and more grayish than in late 
autumn and midwinter, lacking much of the bright pinkish tint. 
General color of upperparts vinaceous-buff, finely streaked by the 
darker hair tips; ear tufts not noticeable. Adult in summer (16855, 
Phoenix, Arizona, May 9): Like late winter and spring specimens 
but more cinnamon colored, less grayish, chiefly due to the wearing 
away of the dark hair tips of the old pelage and the gradual renewal 
of the new hairs. This stage more closely resembles the full winter 
coat than the last described spring stage in color, but is more cin- 
namon, less pinkish. Juvenile (141849, Gila City, Arizona, March 
3): Very much paler than the young of torridus, drab instead of 
gray. Upperparts light drab, paler and clearer on sides; underparts 
white [not gray as in juvenile of torridus], the hairs of throat pure 
white to bases, of breast and belly with narrow gray undercolor. 
Post-juvenile pelage (189288, Yuma, Arizona, April 11): This pelage 
is retained by most individuals until late spring of the second year. 
It is much like the post-juvenile pelage of true torridus, but slightly 
paler, more grayish. Upper parts avellaneous, finely and fully 
streaked by the darker hair tips. 

Skull.—The skull is like that of torridus, but with the posterior 
border of palate bow-shape, always with well-developed point ex- 
tending backward into the interpterygoid space; anterior palatine 
foramina shorter, usually just reaching plane of fronts of first molars. 

Measurements.—Type: Total length, 157 millimeters; tail verte- 
bre, 57; hind foot, 22.0; ear from notch in dry skin, 15.8. Average 
and extremes of four skulls of adults: Condylobasal length, 24.1 
(23.5-25.3) ; zygomatic breadth, 13.0 (12.7-18.2) ; interorbital breadth, 
4.6 (4.4-4.7); breadth of braincase, 11.4 (11.3-11.5); length of nasals, 
9.9 (9.4-10.5); length of mandible, 13.8 (13.5-14.2); maxillary tooth 
row, 3.8 (3.7-4.0). For detailed measurements of specimens see 
page 481. 

Type-specimen.—No. 60174, United States National Museum. 
Skin and skull of adult female, in late winter pelage. Collected 
March 27, 1894, by Dr. Edgar A. Mearns and F. X. Holzner. No. 
3301, International Boundary Commission collection. 

Remarks.—This well-marked form seems to be confined to the 
east side of the Colorado River, in western Arizona, and eastward 
along the Lower Sonoran valleys of tributary streams. As shown 
by the specimens at hand, its range reaches its most eastern limit 
in the valley of the upper Gila at Phoenix, Arizona. Specimens 
from Phoenix, in full fresh early winter coat, almost exactly match 
in color the paler spring stage of true torridus. The Colorado River 
seems a natural barrier between the ranges of perpallidus on the 
east, and pulcher and longicaudus on the west and north. Although 
specimens from points near the river in northwestern Arizona and 


NO. 2057. THE GRASSHOPPER MICE—HOLLISTER. 461 


from Needles, California, may not be typical of their respective 
races, there is a decided break in size and in skull characters at 
this point, and every specimen so far examined can be placed unhes- 
itatingly with its proper form. On the west side of the Colorado, 
at Needles, there is a decided reduction in size, accompanied by 
absence of the palatal spine, and the skins are colored much more 
like typical pulcher than true perpallidus. The specimens from east 
of the river (Fort Mojave, Beale’s Spring, and Big Sandy Creek), 
are darker (slightly approaching typical longicaudus in color), but 
exhibit the cranial characters of perpallidus. 

Specimens examined.—Total number, 21, from localities as follows: 

Arizona: Beale’s Spring, 3; Big Sandy Creek, 2; Colorado River 
at Monument 204, Mexican Boundary Line, 1 (type); Dolan’s Spring, 
1; Fort Mojave, 1; Gila City, 3; Harpers, 2; Parker, 1; Phoenix, 5; 
Signal, 1; Yuma, 1. 


ONYCHOMYS TORRIDUS PULCHER Elliot. 


1903. Onychomys pulcher Ext1ot, Field Col. Mus., pub. 87, zool. ser., vol. 3, No. 14, 
p. 243. December. 

1913. O[nychomys] t[orridus] pulcher Houtister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 
vol. 26, p. 215. December 20. 

Type-locality—Morongo Pass, San Bernardino Mountains, Cali- 
fornia. 

Geographic distribution—Mohave and Colorado Deserts, California, 
and Lower California, Mexico. Known by specimens from Granite 
Springs and Needles on the north to Seven Wells, Lower California, on 
the south; and from the Colorado River bottoms westward to Ante- 
lope Valley and through San Gorgonia Pass to Cabezon station. 

General characters —Sizesmallest in the genus. Coloration very pale, 
with minimum amount of dark wash from the hair tips. Skull with 
anterior palatine foramina about even with fronts of m* and with 
tendency toward development of an imperfect spine at posterior edge 
of palate. 

Color.—Adult in full winter pelage (151281, Morongo Pass, Cali- 
fornia, November 23): Resembling corresponding pelage of 0. t. 
perpallidus but slightly paler, with less dark overwash from hair tips; 
nose and head paler, more grayish; upper side of tail lighter grayish- 
brown; and general coloration more pinkish-cinnamon; lanuginous 
tufts at bases of ears white, sharply marked from general color of head. 
Adult in spring and early summer (151640, Victorville, California, 
April 5): Brighter and purer pinkish-cinnamon than in early winter 
coat, with still less dark from hair tips, evidently due to wear and 
fading. Entire upperpartslight ochraceous-pinkish-cinnamon, slightly 
darker on lower back and rump; nose and forehead paler, more 
grayish; underparts pure white, the gray hair bases very narrow. 


462 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


Adult in summer molt (54070, Whitewater, California, June 8): 
Much darker than in any other stage of pelage, and most resembling 
younger animals in the post-juvenile coat. The general color of the 
upperparts is greatly darkened by the thinning of the longer overlying 
hairs and the consequent mixture of the slaty-gray underfur into the 
coloration. Eartuftsnotconspicuous. Juvenile (136227, Oro Grande, 
California, March 16): Resembling the young of perpallidus, but still 
paler, more grayish-drab, the nose and ears with more whitish. Very 
much paler than the dark young of 0. ¢. ramona. Post-juvenile pelage 
(54072, Whitewater, California, June 9; apparently in second year): 
Upperparts uniformly silky pale wood-brown, with a wash of cinna- 
mon on nape and shoulders; ear tufts white, conspicuous. 

Skull—tThe skull of Onychomys torridus pulcher does not differ in 
any special characters from other races. The anterior palatine 
foramina end about even with plane of fronts of m'; the posterior 
edge of the palate is rather variable, sometimes slightly concave, 
usually truncate, often with imperfectly developed spine. 

Measurements.—Averages and extremes of nine adults: Total 
length, 136,(120-145) ; tail vertebra, 48 (87-51); hind foot, 19.6 (18.0- 
20.0); ear from notch in dry skin, 14.5 (12.7-15.5). Skull: Condylo- 
basal length, 22.7 (22.0-23.4); zygomatic breadth, 12.7 (12.6-13.2); 
interorbital breadth, 4.7 (4.4-5.1); breadth of braincase, 11.6 (11.2- 
11.9); length of nasals, 9.3 (8.8-9.9); length of mandible, 13.2 (12.6- 
13.7); maxillary tooth row, 3.6 (3.3-3.9). For detailed measure- 
ments of specimens, see page 481. 

Type-specimen.—No. 12377, Field Museum Natural History, Chi- 
cago. Skin and skull of female adult (teeth much worn), in late 
winter pelage. Collected March 1, 1903, by Edmund Heller. 

Remarks.—This is a well marked race which differs conspicuously 
in color from typical examples of all other forms excepting clarus, 
which it somewhat resembles. It is, however, less intensely bright 
colored than the Owens Lake form. Specimens from Needles, Cali- 
fornia, are slightly larger than typical examples of pulcher, thus ap- 
proaching the dimensions of perpallidus and longicaudus, but they are 
indistinguishable in color frony true pulcher and are still somewhat 
smaller than the average specimen of perpallidus. A single specimen 
from Granite Springs, on the north side of the Mohave Desert, is like- 
wise approaching longicaudus, but clearly belongs best with pulcher. 
The material from along the Colorado River is rather limited but, as 
shown by all the specimens examined, the river appears to be a 
natural barrier between the subspecies pulcher and perpallidus. The 
animal is rare on the open desert, and is usually found in sandy places 
along the foothills or borders of streams and washes. Its distribution 
over the desert is therefore much broken, and large areas of its general 
range are unrepresented by specimens. The subspecies apparently 


+! 


NO. 2057. THE GRASSHOPPER MICE—HOLLISTER. 463 - 


blends directly into ramona in the western end of San Gorgonio Pass, 
and probably intergrades with tularensis in the vicinity of Kern River 
Valley and Walker Pass. The single specimen from Onyx, on the 
south fork of the Kern River, is rather immature, and is indistin- 
guishable from examples of tularensis from the lower levels in the San 
Joaquin Valley. Two young examples in the collection of the 
Museum of Vertebrate Zoology at the University of California, from 
Walker Pass, are likewise indistinguishable from specimens of the 
same age from the San Joaquin Valley, and are only provisionally 
on purely geographical grounds, and perhaps wrongly, placed with 
pulcher. Adults from this pass are much needed to determine the 
subspecies. The young of these forms, in post-juvenile pelage, are 
often very much alike. 

Specimens examined.—Total number, 70, from the following locali- 
ties: 

Cauirornia: Agua Caliente, 1 (Amer. Mus.); Burns Cafion, San 
Bernardino Mountains, 2 (Field Mus.); Cabazon, 9; Cushenbury 
Springs, 2 (Univ. of Cal.); Daggett, 1 (Field Mus.); Fairmont, 3 
(Univ. of Cal.); Granite Springs, 1; Lane’s Mill, 20 miles north of 
Daggett, 1 (Field Mus.); Morongo Pass, 7*; Needles, 3; Onyx, 1; 
Oro Grande, 2; Palm Springs, 2 (Mus. Comp. Zool.); Victorville, 18; 
Walker Pass, 2 (Univ. of Cal.); Warren’s Well, San Bernardino 
Mountains, 1 (Field Mus.) ; Whitewater, 13. 

Lower CaALirorNniA: Seven Wells, 1. 


ONYCHOMYS TORRIDUS LONGICAUDUS Merriam. 


1889. Onychomys longicaudus Merriam, North Amer. Fauna, No. 2, p. 2. Octo- 
ber 30. 

1893. O[nychomys] longicauda Ruoaps, Amer. Nat., vol. 27, p. 833. September. 

1904. O[nychomys] torridus longicaudus Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 
vol. 17, p. 123. June 9. 

1913. Onychomys torridus longicaudus HouisteR, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 
vol. 26, p. 215. December 20. 

Type-locality.—St. George, Utah. 

Geographic distribution.—Southwestern Utah, northwestern Arizona 
north of the Colorado River, southern Nevada, and the adjacent 
desert mountain region of Inyo and Mono Counties, California. 
North in western Nevada to Carson Sink; west in California to Kear- 
sarge Pass and to the Argus Mountains. 

General characters.—Coloration like that of pulcher, but slightly 
darker. Larger than perpallidus, with shorter tail and hind foot, 
and smaller ear. Skull with anterior palatine foramina short, usually 
not reaching plane of front of first molars. Posterior edge of palate 
truncate, rarely slightly convex, never with spine. 


1 Including the type and four paratypes from the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago. 


464 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


Color.—Adult in full winter pelage (186476, St. George, Utah, Jan- 
uary 4; type): Similar to corresponding pelage of perpallidus; slightly 
darker than in pulcher. Adult in spring (28359, Panaca, Nevada, 
May 20): Like winter pelage, but brighter, more ochraceous-pinkish- 
buff. Juvenile (26653, Vegas Valley, Nevada, March 15): Very pale; 
like young of pulcher, but even paler, more drab-gray. Post-juvenile 
pelage (28360, Oasis Valley, Nevada, June 2; in second year): Almost 
precisely like corresponding pelage of pulcher. 

Skull—Palate never ending posteriorly with projecting spine; 
usually truncate, rarely concave. Anterior palatine foramina short, 
not reaching (or rarely in some intermediate specimens just reaching) 
plane of front of first molars. 

Measurements.—Averages and extremes of 23 adults from Utah, 
Nevada, and California: Total length, 141 (130-155) millimeters; tail 
vertebre, 49.6 (40.0-58.0); hind foot, 19.9 (19.0-21.0); ear from 
notch in dry skin, 14.2 (13.2-15.6). Skull: Condylobasal length, 22.8 
(21.8-23.8); zygomatic breadth, 12.9 (12.7-13.3); interorbital 
breadth, 4.9 (4.5-5.0); breadth of braincase, 11.6 (11.1-12.2); length 
of nasals, 9.2 (8.6-9.9); length of mandible, 13.3 (12.5-14.2); max- 
illary tooth row, 3.6 (3.4-3.8). For detailed measurements of speci- 
mens see page 481. 

Type-specimen.—No. 186476, United States National Museum. 
Skin and skull of adult male in full winter pelage. Collected by Ver- 
non Bailey, January 4, 1889. Original No., 476; Merriam collection, 
skin 5201, skull 5896. 

Remarks.—This subspecies is sharply separated from perpallidus 
on the south by the Colorado River. At the type-locality it is com- 
paratively dark, and is virtually indistinguishable in color in some 
pelages from perpallidus, but the cranial characters are diagnostic 
and reliable. Toward the west it gradually becomes more ochraceous 
in color until’ it meets and blends with the Owens Lake form on the 
western slopes of the Argus Mountains. It also blends imperceptibly 
into the paler form later described as pulcher, in the mountains bor- 
dering the main Mohave Desert on the north. 

Specimens examined.—Total number, 65, from the following locali- 
ties: 

Uran: St. George, 3 (including the type). 

Nevapa!: Ash Meadows, 2; Bunkerville, 2; Carson Sink, 2; 
Charleston Mountains, 2; Colorado River, southwest of Stone’s Ferry, 
2; Oasis Valley, 4; Pahranagat Valley, 1; Pahroc Spring, 3; Pahrump 
Valley, 8; Panaca, 1; St. Thomas, 2; Stone’s Ferry, 1; Table Moun- 
tain, 1; Vegas Valley, 6. 


1 For an account of most of the obscure localities in Utah, Nevada, and Inyo County, California, listed 
in this paper see a List of Localities Visited by the Death Valley Expedition, by T. S. Palmer, North 
American Fauna, No. 7, pp. 361-384. 


No. 2057. THE GRASSHOPPER MICE—HOLLISTER. 465 


Catirornta: Amargosa, 1; Benton Station, 4 (Univ. of Cal.); 
Bishop, 2; Furnace Creek, Death Valley, 3; Independence, 2 (Univ. 
of Cal.); Kearsarge Pass, 2 (Univ. of Cal.); Maturango Spring, 
Argus Mountains, 1; Morans, upper Owens Valley, 1; Panamint 
Mountains, 4; Panamint Valley, 1; Resting Springs, 4. 


ONYCHOMYS TORRIDUS CLARUS Hollister. 


1913. Onychomys torridus clarus HouuisTER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 26, 
p. 215. December 20. 

Type-locality.—Keeler, east shore of Owens Lake, Inyo County, 
California. 

Geographic distribution.—Vicinity of Owens Lake, Coso Mountains, 
and Salt Wells Valley, Inyo County, California. 

General characters.—Like Onychomys torridus longicaudus, but 
clearer and brighter colored, with very little dark streaking from the 
hair tips. Resembling O. ¢. pulcher, but much more intensely pinkish- 
cinnamon. Skull as in longicaudus, but with anterior palatine fora- 
mina averaging longer, reaching backward fully to line of fronts of 
first molars. 

Color.—Adult in full winter coat (25081, Keeler, California, Novem- 
ber 30): Upperparts bright pinkish-cinnamon, palest on nose and 
head and most intense and glossy on lower back and rump, with very 
little or no darker admixture from the hair tips. Underfur dark 
neutral-gray; hairs with subapical band of buff, tipped with deep 
cinnamon. Ears very thinly haired, narrowly rimmed with brown; 
woolly tufts at bases creamy-white, comparatively inconspicuous. 
Nose, cheeks, lower sides, limbs, hands, feet, and underparts white, 
the underfur narrowly neutral-gray. Tail whitish, with narrow, 
indistinct stripe of grayish-brown along upper side for two-thirds its 
length. Adult in late winter and spring (28199, Hot Springs Valley, 
California, May 7): Paler, more pinkish-buff, the dark cimnamon hair 
tips worn or faded. During the summer moult (28127, Owens Lake, 
California, May 18) the adults are much darker, with very little bright 
cinnamon, and with considerable admixture of-darker color from the 
gray underfur and the faded, now brownish, hair tips. Juvenile 
(28195, Olancha, California, June 30): Indistinguishable in color 
from the young of pulcher. 

Skull—tThe skull closely resembles that of longicaudus. The pos- 
terior end of the palate is always without projecting spine; the anterior 
palatine foramina average longer than in longicaudus, reaching quite 
to plane of fronts of first molars. (Plate 15.) 

Measurements.—Type and average of six adults from the type 
region, the latter in parentheses: Total length, 143 (141) millimeters; 
tail vertebrae, 51 (51.4); hind foot, 20.5 (19.7); ear from notch in 
dry skin, 15.7 (14.8). Skull: Condylobasal length, 23.3 (23.0); 


34843°—Proc. N.M.vol.47—14——30 


466 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


zygomatic breadth, 13.2 (12.8); interorbital breadth, 4.9 (4.8); 
breadth of braincase, 11.6 (11.7); length of nasals, 9.5 (9.3); length of 
mandible, 13.2 (13.3); maxillary tooth row, 3.7 (3.6). For detailed 
measurements of specimens, see page 482. 

Type-specimen.—No. 33483, United States National Museum, 
Biological Survey collection. Adult male (teeth considerably worn) 
in full winter pelage. Collected December 30, 1890, by Vernon 
Bailey. Original number, 2314. 

Remarks.—In the immediate vicinity of Owens Lake, the Ony- 
chomys of the longicaudus type develops its brightest coloration, with 
the minimum of admixture of any darker streaking from the hair 
tips. The animals from this region are so decidedly different in color 
from specimens of typical longicaudus, and occupy such a definite, 
though limited, range that the form represented requires recognition 
by name. It resembles pulcher in the purity of the color, but is 
decidedly richer and brighter colored. The intensity of the coloration 
in this region parallels that of several other species of rodents. 

Specimens examined.—Total number, 21, from the following locali- 
ties: 

CaLiroRNiA: Coso Mountains, 2 (Field Mus.) ; Hot Springs Valley, . 
2; Keeler, 8; Lone Pine, 3; Olancha, Owens Lake, 6. © 


ONYCHOMYS TORRIDUS TULARENSIS Merriam. 


1904. Onychomys torridus tularensis MERR1AM, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 17, 
p. 123. June 9. 

1905. Onychomys longicaudus tularensis Etxrot, Field Col. Mus., zool. ser., vol. 6, 
p. 182. 

Ty pe-locality—Bakersfield, Kern County, California. 

Geographic distribution—Upper San Joaquin Valley and neigh- 
boring foothills and valleys, California. North to Little Panoche 
Creek, San Benito County; south to Carriso Plain and Bakersfield. 

General characters.—Color of upper parts grayish-drab; very differ- 
ent from adults of any other form found in the United States, and 
most resembling QO. t. canus of Mexico. Posterior edge of palate not 
conspicuously concave, frequently convex, but never with distinct 
spine. 5 

Color.—Adult in full winter pelage (151339, Little Panoche Creek, 
California, December 11): Upperparts light drab, slightly washed 
with a pinkish cast, and everywhere finely lined with the dark brown 
of the hair tips; upper face darker, ashy-gray. Between the color 
of the back and the white of the lower sides is a narrow, indefinite 
stripe of light pinkish-buff, clearest and most sharply marked pos- 
teriorly. The underfur is of a lighter gray than in the neighboring 
subspecies; the lanuginous tufts at ear bases are grayish-white and 
barely noticeable; arms, hands, lower sides of legs and of tail, lower 


No. 2057. THE GRASSHOPPER MICE—HOLLISTER. 467 


sides, and entire underparts white, the hairs of chin and throat white 
to bases; rest of underparts with narrow undercolor of gray. Tail 
sharply bicolor; grayish-brown above, whitish below, with whitish 
tip. Adult in summer (149793, Stanley, California, July 1): Upper- 
parts grayish-cinnamon, with little luster and with considerable 
admixture of gray from the underfur; upper face dark ashy. Jwve- 
nile (129968, Santiago Springs, California, July 30): Lighter colored 
than young of ramona; darker, more ashy, than young of longicaudus 
or pulcher. Upperparts, including legs above to ankles, ecru-drab, 
finely streaked and darkened by the blackish hair tips; below whitish, 
the hairs barely darkened to a pale grayish-white at bases. Post- 
quvenile pelage (128409, Santiago Springs, California, August 14): 
General color above light drab, less ashy than in the juvenile, and 
without the pinkish cast of old adults; upper face not darker than 
back. This pelage is apparently worn until late in the second summer. 

Skull——Anterior palatine foramina about reaching plane of fronts 
of first molars. Posterior edge of palate never distinctly concave, 
but normally truncate, and frequently convex, but with no distinet 
spine projecting into interpterygoid space. 

Measurements.—Averages and extremes of four adults: Total 
length, 144 (141-148) millimeters; tail vertebre, 52.3 (51-54); 
hind foot, 20.8 (20.0-22.0); ear from notch in dry skin, 14.6 
(14.0-15.1). Skull: Condylobasal length, 23.5 (23.2-24.0); zygo- 
matic breadth, 12.9 (12.5-13.3); interorbital breadth, 4.7 (4.5-4.9); 
breadth of braincase, 11.6 (11.38-11.8); length of nasals, 9.2 (8.9-9.5); 
length of mandible, 13.4 (13.1-13.7); maxillary tooth row, 3.7 
(3.5-3.8). For detailed measurements of specimens see page 482. 

Type-specimen.— No. 39741, United States National Museum, Bio- 
logical Survey collection. Skin and skull of female young adult (teeth 
slightly worn); moulting the post-juvenile pelage and renewing into 
first fall pelage of adult, probably second summer. Collected July 
19, 1891, by Dr. A. K. Fisher. Orig. No. 792. 

Remarks.—The adults of this form differ conspicuously in color 
from adults of all the neighboring subspecies of torridus. The San 
Joaquin grasshopper mouse is a decidedly grayish-drab colored race, 
becoming slightly more cinnamon or ochraceous in faded summer 
coat, before the moult. The differences in seasonal pelage are much 
less than in any other of the northern races, and are not so readily 
definable. 

Specimens examined.—Total number, 20, from localities as follows: 

CatirorniA: Alcalde, 1; Alila, 2; Bakersfield, 1 (type); Carriso 
Plains, 1; Coalinga, 1; Delano, 1; Famoso, 1; Huron, 2; Little 
Panoche Creek, 1; McKittrick, 1 (Univ. of Calif.); Santiago Springs, 
2; Stanley, 2; Weldon, 4 (Univ. of Calif.). 


468 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


ONYCHOMYS TORRIDUS RAMONA Rhoads. 


1893. Onychomys ramona Ruoaps, Amer. Nat., vol. 27, p. 833. September. 
1904. Onychomys torridus ramona Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 17, 
p. 124. June 9. 

Type-locality—San Bernardino Valley, California. 

Geographic distribution —Extreme southwestern California and 
northwestern Lower California, Mexico. From San Fernando and 
San Bernardino south into Tecarte Valley. 

General characters.—Size slightly greater than in O. t. pulcher; 
coloration very dark, the darkest of all the forms of the torradus group 
found in the United States; skull like that of pulcher. 

Color.—Adult in full winter pelage (126063, Mouth of Tia Juana 
River, California, January 18): Nose, head, and broad area along 
upperparts to base of tail blackish-brown; sides of body and outer 
sides of hind limbs to ankles brighter, more reddish-brown, with less 
admixture from dark hair tips; ear tufts mixed brown and whitish, 
not especially conspicuous; underparts creamy-white, the hairs of 
chin and throat without grayish undercolor. Tail blackish-brown 
above, whitish at tip and below. Adult in early summer (127979, 
Reche Canyon, California, May 24): Lighter, more reddish, than in 
winter, without definite dark area on dorsum, the blackish-brown 
hair tips having faded and worn away. The most extreme example 
of this stage that I have seen is number 7376 of the Museum of Ver- 
tebrate Zoology, University of California, from Jacumba, March 19. 
It is the brightest specimen of ramona in all the collections, and most 
resembles specimens of true torridus in full winter pelage. Juvenile 
pelage (34090, San Diego, California, May 10): Darker than young 
of pulcher, more mouse-gray above. Post-jwvenile pelage (31075, 
Reche Canyon, September 22; apparently in second year): Upper- 
parts light drab, darker, more grayish, on head and lower back. 

Skull—The skull is apparently indistinguishable from that of O. t. 
pulcher. (Plate 15.) 

Measurements.—Averages and extremes of 10 adult specimens: 
Total length, 141 (137-148) millimeters; tail vertebra, 49.5 (36-56) ; 
hind foot, 20.3 (19.0-21.0); ear from notch in dry skin, 14.7 (14.2- 
15.4). Skull: Condylobasal length, 23.4 (22.6-23.8); zygomatic 
breadth, 13.2 (12.7-13.7); interorbital breadth, 4.8 (4.6-5.0); breadth 
of braincase, 11.8 (11.4-12.3); length of nasals, 9.7 (9.2-10.1); length 
of mandible, 13.6 (13.2-14.0); maxillary tooth row, 3.6 (3.4-3.7). 
For detailed measurements of specimens see page 482. 

Type-specimen.—No. 7823, collection of Academy of Natural 
Sciences, Philadelphia. Skin and skull of female adult (teeth con- 
siderably worn), in early summer stage of pelage, with dark dorsal 
area nearly obsolete and general color considerably paled. Collected 
April 11, 1893, by R. B. Herron. Original: number, 218 (Rhoads 
collection, No. 823). 


No. 2057. THE GRASSHOPPER MICE—HOLLISTER. 469 


Remarks.—This well-marked subspecies is the darkest of the races 
of torridus found in the United States. It intergrades directly with 
pulcher in the west end of San Gorgonio Pass. The specimens from 
Tia Juana River and Tecarte Valley show an approach in size to 
O. t. macrotis of Lower California peninsula. 

Specimens examined.—Total number, 60, from localities as follows: 

CaLirorniA: Banner, 1 (Univ. of Calif.); Burbank, 1; Dulzura, 2 
(Phila. Acad. Sci.); Ferndale, San Bernardino County, 2 (Mus. Comp. 
Zool.); Jacumba, 3; La Puerta Valley, 1 (Univ. of Calif.); mouth 
of Tia Juana River, 5; Pasadena, 1 (Univ. of Calif.); Reche Canyon, 
4; Riverside, 9; San Bernardino Valley,.15 (including the type and 
paratypes, Phila. Acad. Sci.); San Diego, 1; San Fernando, 1; San 
Jacinto Lake, 1; Santee Mountains, 3; Tujunga Valley, 1 (Univ. of 
Calif.); Valle Vista, San Jacinto Valley, 4 (Univ. of. Calif.); Warner 
Pass, 2 (Univ. of Calif.). 

Lower Catirornia: Tecarte Valley, 3. 


ONYCHOMYS TORRIDUS MACROTIS Elliot. 


1903. Onychomys macrotis Exxtot, Field Col. Mus., pub. 74, zool. ser., vol. 3, 
No. 10, p. 155. April. 


Type-locality—Head of San Antonio River, west slope of San Pedro 
Martir Mountains, Lower California, Mexico. 

Geographic distribution—From the San Pedro Martir and southern 
Hanson Laguna Mountains west to the Pacific coast, Lower Cali- 
fornia, Mexico. 

General characters —Like Onychomys torridus ramona but larger, 
with longer tail and hind foot, and especially larger ears. 

Color.—Not distinguishable from that of Onychomys torridus 
ramonda. 

Skull.—The skull of macrotis is like that of O. t. ramona, but larger. 
(Plate 15.) 

Measurements.—Type and an adult female from San Quintin, Lower 
California, the latter in parentheses: Total length, 155 (148) milli- 
meters; tail vertebra, 55 (54); hind foot, 21 (22); ear from notch in 
dry skin, 16.7 (16.8). Skull: Condylobasal length, 24.3 (24.7); 
zygomatic breadth, 13.3 (13.5); interorbital breadth, 4.9 (5.0); 
breadth of braincase, 11.7 (11.8); length of nasals, 10.3 (10.1); 
length of mandible, 14.1 (14.2); maxillary tooth row, 3.7 (3.7). 
Average external measurements of eight specimens from San Quin- 
tin, compared with averages of eight skins of ramona, the latter in 
parentheses: Tail vertebree, 52.4 (47.0); hind foot, 21.1 (20.1); ear 
trom notch in dry skin, 16.6 (14.5). 

Type-specimen.—No. 10283, Field Museum of Natural History, 
Chicago. Skin and skull of female adult (teeth considerably worn). 
Collected March 11, 1902, by Edmund Heller. 

Remarks.—The recorded measurements give little idea of the great 
size of the ear as compared with that of ramona. Except for increase 


470 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


in general size and relative, as well as actual, increase in the size of 
the ear, macrotis is very like ramona, with which it most certainly 
intergrades. 
Specimens examined.—Total number, 22, from localities as follows: 
Lower CauirorniA: E] Alamo, 1 (Field Mus.); Head of San An- 
tonio River, San Pedro Martir Mountains, 1 (Field Mus., the type); 
San Quintin, 18; Trinidad, 1 (Field Mus.) ; Trinidad Valley, 1. 


ONYCHOMYS TORRIDUS YAKIENSIS Merriam. 


1904. Onychomys torridus yakiensis Merrtam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 
Wie pel24 = une 1g! 

1904. Onychomys yakiensis MerR1AM, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 17, p. 124. 
June 9. 

Type-locality—_Camoa, Rio Mayo, southern Sonora, Mexico. 

Geographic distribution.—Southeastern Sonora and northern Sin- 
aloa, Mexico. Known trom the upper Rio Mayo on the north to the 
city of Sinaloa on the south. 

General characters.—Like O. t. torridus, but larger and averaging 
darker in color, with larger ears and hind foot. Skull with posterior 
border of palate never concave, rarely truncate, usually with well- 
developed spine projecting into interpterygoid space. 

Color.—Adult in full early winter pelage (96384, Alamos, Sonora, 
December 19): Like corresponding pelage of true torridus, but 
slightly darker and duller above, less rich pinkish-cmnamon; upper 
sides clear pinkish-cinnamon as in torridus; ears darker, thinly haired, 
with very narrow whitish rim, and no conspicuous white lanugimous 
tufts at bases as in torridus. Tail slightly grayish on terminal half 
below, brown above with whitish tip. Jn late winter and spring 
(96391, Camoa, Sonora, January 17) this pelage becomes darker, less 
bright, with large area of dull brown on upperparts and with the 
sides more grayish-pink, less cinnamon. Adult in short new coat of 
late summer (95855, Camoa, Sonora, October 28; type): Upperparts 
with broad strip of blackish-brown from between eyes to rump, blend- 
ing into the dark pinkish-gray of sides and hips; cheeks and shoulders 
paler; no specially developed ear tufts. Juvenile (95853, Camoa, 
Sonora, October 28): Darker’ mouse-gray than young of torridus. 
This very dark stage soon changes into a lighter coat, apparently 
from fading of the hairs and without moult. In this stage (96383, 
Alamos, Sonora, December 19) the entire upperparts are a pale drab- 
gray, slightly darker on dorsum, against which the dark-gray ears 
are very conspicuous in color. Post-juvenile pelage (95856, Camoa, 
Sonora, October 28; apparently second autumn): Upperparts dark 
brownish-gray, washed with dark rusty; ears blackish, without lanu- 
ginous tufts at bases. This pelage moults and renews into the coat 
of the fully adult (96388, Alamos, Sonora, December 20), the hips and 
posterior sides first renewing the brownish pelage of full maturity; 
the white ear rim also becomes sharply marked. 


No. 2057, THE GRASSHOPPER MICB—HOLLISTER. ATT 


Skull and teeth.—Skull larger than in torridus, with longer mandible. 
The posterior border of the palate is never concave as in torridus; it 
is rarely truncate, but usually with a very well-developed spine pro- 
jecting into the interpterygoid space. The anterior palatine for- 
amina are large, well bowed, and extend backward to line of the sec- 
ond cusps of first molars. The posterior palatine foramina are also 
especially large, open, and three times as long as wide. The teeth, 
as in all the middle Mexican forms, average larger than in the northern 
races. (Plate 15.) 

Measurements.—Averages and extremes of seven adult specimens 
from Camoa and Alamos, Sonora: Total length, 149 (138-156) milli- 
meters; tail vertebra, 53.0 (47-57); hind foot, 22.4 (21.5-24.0); ear 
from notch in dry skin, 16.0 (15.2-17.8). Skull: Condylobasal length, 
24.0 (22.4-25.4); zygomatic breadth, 13.2 (12.4-13.5); interorbital 
breadth, 4.5 (4.3-4.6) ; breadth of braincase, 11.8 (11.4-12.2) ; length 
of nasals, 9.9 (9.1-10.6) ; length of mandible, 14.3 (12.8-15.1) ; maxil- 
lary tooth row, 3.9 (3.8-4.0). For detailed measurements of speci- 
mens, see page 483. 

Type-specomen.—No. 95855, United States Nat. Museum, Biological 
Survey collection. Skin and skull of female adult (teeth moderately 
worn), in short fall pelage. Collected October, 28, 1898, by E. A. 
Goldman. Original number, 13158. 

Remarks.—Except for its large size and larger ears, yakiensis is ex- 
ternally much like true torridus. The skull differs greatly from 
typical torridus in the shape of the posterior border of the palate. In 
the presence of the palatal spine it shows approach toward the some- 
what aberrant specimens of torridus from the western limits of the 
range of the latter, in the vicinities of Tucson and La Osa, Arizona, 
and at Magdalena, Sonora. 

Specimens examined.—Total number, 19, from localities as follows: 

Sonora: Alamos, 7; Camoa, Rio Mayo, 11 (including the type). 

SINALOA: Sinaloa, 1. 


ONYCHOMYS TORRIDUS CANUS Merriam. 


1904. Onychomys torridus canus Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 17, 
p. 124. June 9. 


Type-locality—San Juan Capistrano, Zacatecas, Mexico. 

Geographic distribution.—Zacatecas, Aguas Calientes, and south- 
western San Luis Potosi, Mexico; south and east to Rio Verde, San 
Luis Potosi. 

General characters.—Closely related to O. t. yakiensis, but differing 
greatly in color; less bright cmnamon or brownish, more pinkish-gray. 
Greatly resembles in color the San Joaquin Valley form, O. t. tularen- 
sis. Seasonal changes in pelage very slight. 

Color.—Adult in full winter pelage (82102, Rio Verde, San Luis 
Potosi, January 13): Upperparts wood-brown, everywhere washed 


472 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


with pale pinkish-cinnamon, giving a general color of ‘‘grayish- 
brown”; no distinct dorsal color area, the upper side uniform with 
back. Ears dark, thinly haired, the tufts at bases buffy and gray, 
inconspicuous; tail dark brown above, grayish-white below; feet very 
thinly haired with whitish. Underparts grayish-white, the underfur 
mixing with and darkening the general color from the white hair tips. 
Adult in new short coat of late summer (90840, Hda. San Juan Capis- 
trano, Zacatecas, August 20): Darker, more blackish-brown on middle 
back and rump; the sides slightly paler pinkish-gray. 

Skull.—As in yakiensis, but palate with less regularly well developed 
spine, sometimes concave as in true torridus. Posterior palatine fora- 
mina smaller. 

Measurements.—Averages and extremes of six adults: Total length, 
150 (146-153) millimeters; tail vertebrae, 52.8 (42-58); hind foot, 
21.9 (21.0-23.0); ear from notch in dry skin, 16.0 (15.2-17.1). Skull: 
Condylobasal length, 24.0 (23.5-24.9) ; zygomatic breadth, 12.8 (12.4— 
13.2); interorbital breadth, 4.5 (4.44.8); breadth of braincase, 11.8 
(11.6-12.0); length of nasals, 10.2 (9.8-10.7); length of mandible, 13.8 
(13.5-14.1); maxillary tooth row, 3.7 (3.6-3.9). For detailed 
measurements of specimens, see page 483. 

Type-specimen.—No. 90843, United States National Museum, Bio- 
logical Survey collection. Skin and skull of female adult (teeth 
moderately worn). Collected August 23, 1897, by E. W. Nelson and 
EK. A. Goldman. Original number, 11574. 

Remarks.—In the comparative uniformity of color throughout the 
year, this subspecies differs greatly from the more northern forms of 
Onychomys torridus, in which the variations from age and season are 
so remarkable. The color resemblance of some adults to certain 
examples of OQ. ¢. tularensis is very striking. As shown by a small 
series of skins from northern Durango, which, though somewhat inter- 
mediate, have been placed with O. t. torridus, this form blends directly 
into the latter subspecies on the north. Typically, however, it most 
resembles O. t. yakiensis. 

Specimens examined.—Total number, 14, from the following locali- 
ties: 

ZAcATECAS: Hda. San Juan Capistrano, 5 (including the type). 

Aguas CALIENTES: Chicalote, 1. 

San Luis Potosi: Jesus Maria, 2; Rio Verde, 6. 


ONYCHOMYS TORRIDUS SURRUFUS new subspecies. 


Ty pe-locality.—Miquihuana, Tamaulipas, Mexico. 

Geographic distribution East side of the Mexican table-land, in 
extreme southeastern Coahuila, southern Nuevo Leon, and south- 
western Tamaulipas. 

General characters.—Largest of the torridus group. Coloration in 
new coat more reddish than in canus, approaching that of torridus 


NO. 2057. THE GRASSHOPPER MICE—HOLLISTER. AN3 


proper. Skull as in canus, but slightly larger, with larger audital 
bulle. 

Color.— Adult in left-over winter coat (93829, Jaumave, Tamaulipas, 
June 3): Most like summer skins of canus, but with more pinkish 
suffusion over entire upperparts, and sides brighter pale pinkish- 
cinnamon. Adults in process of moult (93837, Miquihuana, Tamau- 
lipas, June 8) are frequently very dark; the dark gray underfur 
is exposed in patches and the light hair tips are almost completely 
worn or faded away; rusty areas are irregular, from retarded moult 
or from renewal, Adult in new coat (93839, type Miquihuana, Tamau- 
lipas, June 8; renewal not complete): Upperparts dark glossy pink- 
ish-cinnamon, much resembling O. ¢. torridus in similar coat, but 
ear tufts color of head, not white, and tail above much darker brown. 

Skull—Like skull of O. t. canus, but averaging slightly larger, with 
larger audital bulle. Anterior palatine foramina reaching plane of 
second cusp of first molars; posterior border of palate usually ending 
in large spine. (Plate 15.) 

Measurements.—Type and averages of 11 adults from Jaumave 
and Miquihuana, Tamaulipas, the averages in parentheses: Total 
length, 163 (155) millimeters; tail vertebre, 62 (59.4); hind foot, 
22.5 (22.1); ear from notch in dry skin, 16.8 (16.7). Skull: Con- 
dylobasal length, 25.0 (24.4); zygomatic breadth, 13.6 (13.1); in- 
terorbital breadth, 4.6 (4.8); breadth of braincase, 11.8 (10.8); 
length of nasals, 10.3 (10.1); length of mandible, 14.6 (14.0); maxil- 
lary tooth row, 3.8 (3.9). For detailed measurements of specimens, 
see page 483. 

Type-specmen.—No. 93839, United States National Museum, Bio- 
logical Survey collection. Skin and skull of female adult (teeth 
much worn), renewing into fresh pelage. Collected June 8, 1898, by 
HK. W.-Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original number, 12484. 

Remarks.—This is the largest subspecies of Onychomys torridus. 
It slightly exceeds O. ¢. canus in size, with relatively longer tail. In 
faded summer coat it greatly resembles canus, but is distinguishable 
by the longer tail and the slight cranial characters. As shown by 
a single specimen in a more advanced state of renewal than is usual 
in early summer skins, the fresh coat is much as in true torridus, a 
rich, dark pinkish-cinnamon. This form seems to be confined to the 
eastern side of the Mexican table-land, and doubtless intergrades 
directly into true torridus. Like all the more southern forms it is 
distinguishable from torridus by its larger size and much larger ears. 

Specomens examined.—Total number, 17, from localities as follows: 

CoanuiLa: La Ventura, 1. 

TAMAULIPAS: Jaumave, 5; Miquihuana, 11. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47, 


474 


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475 


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NO. 2057. 


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477 


THE GRASSHOPPER MICE—HOLLISTER. 


NO. 2057. 


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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


478 


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481 


THE GRASSHOPPER MICE—HOLLISTER. 


No. 2057. 


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34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——31 


VOL. 47. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


482 


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483 


THE GRASSHOPPER MICE—HOLLISTER. 


No. 2057. 


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VOL. 47. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


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486 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47, 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


Auten, J, A. On the Mammals of Aransas County, Texas, with Descriptions of New 
forms of Lepus and Oryzomys. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, pp. 165-198. 
May 31, 1894. 

Note on finding several hundreds of wings of butterflies, the bodies of which had been eaten by 

Onychomys longipes (p. 181). 

AntHony, H. E. Mammals of Northern Malheur County, Oregon. Bull. Amer. Mus. 
Nat. Hist., vol. 32, pp. 1-27; pls. 1-2. March 7, 1913. 

Original description of Onychomys leucogaster fuscogriseus (pp. 11-12). 

AuDUBON, JoHN JAmEs and BacuMaNn, Joun. The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North 
America. Vol. 2, pp. 1-334. 1851. 

Original Pen vie of Mus missouriensis (pp. 327-330; pl. 100). 

BatLey, VERNON. Report on Some of the Results of a Trip through Parts of Minne- 
sota and Dakota. Rep. Commissioner Agric., 1887, pp. 426-454. 1888. 

Notes on Onychomys; a very important contribution to habits and life history (pp. 442-444). 
Biological Survey of Texas. North Amer. Fauna, No. 25, pp. 1-222; numer- 
ous illustrations and maps. October 24, 1905. 

Notes on the distribution and habits of the Texas forms of Onychomys. ‘Tells of the “shrill little 
whistle”’ of O. longipes (p. 93) and O. 1. pallescens (p. 94), and of the food of the various forms. 
Harmful and Beneficial Mammals of the Arid Interior, with Special Reference 
to the Carson and Humboldt Valleys, Nevada. U.S. Dept. Agric., Farmers’ 
Bull. 335, pp. 1-31. October 21, 1908. 


Notes on food and economic relations of O. brevicaudus, with remarks on the whistling notes (pp. 
13-14). * 

Batrp, SPENCER F, General Report on North American Mammals, including Descrip- 
tions of All the Known Species, chiefly contained in the Museum of the Smith- 
sonian Institution. pp. i-xxxiv; 1-757; pls. 1-60. 1857. 

Account of Hesperomys (Onychomys) leucogaster (pp. 480-482). 

Cary, Merritt. Some Unrecorded Colorado Mammals. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- 
ton, vol. 20, pp. 23-28. March 27, 1907. 

Colorado eis for Onychomys; aes of the specific combination Onychomys brevicaudus (p.25). 

A Biological Survey of Colorado. North American Fauna, No. 33, pp. 1-256; 
numerous illustrations and maps. August 17, 1911. 

Maps of the distribution of Onychomys in Colorado, with original notes on the habits of the animals. 

Coves, Extiotr. Synopsis of the Muridz of North America, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Philadelphia, 1874, pp. 173-196. December 15, 1874. 

Original description of Hesperomys (Onychomys) torridus (p. 183). 

Monographs of North American Rodentia. No. 1.—Muridz. Rep. U. §. 
Geol. Surv. Terr., vol. 2, pp. i-x; 1-264; pls. 1-5. 1877. 

Account of Onychomys (subgenus of Hesperomys) and the two recognized forms, Hesperomys (Ony- 
chomys) leucogaster and Hesperomys (Onychomys) torridus (pp. 105-111). 

Exuiot, Dantet Giraup. List of Mammals obtained by Thaddeus Surber, collector 
for the Museum, chiefly in Oklahoma and Indian Territories. Field Col. Mus., 
zool, Ser., vol. 1, No. 16, pp. 291-303. October, 1899. 

Belief expressed in collector’s notes that Onychomys was hibernating in Oklahoma during severe 
weather of January and February. 

A Synopsis of the Mammals of North America and the Adjacent Seas. Field 

Col. Mus., zool. Ser., vol. 2, pp. i-xv; 1471; numerous illustrations. 1901. 

Systematic account of the twelve forms of Onychomys recognized in 1901 (pp. 119-123). 

Descriptions of Apparently New Species and Subspecies of Mammals from 

California, Oregon, the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, and Lower California, Mexico. 

Field Col. Mus., zool. Ser., vol. 3, No. 10, pp. 153-173. ger 1903. 

Original deseristion of Givhaaee macrotis (pp. 155-156). 


NO. 2057. THE GRASSHOPPER MICE—HOLLISTER. 487 


Extiot, DANIEL GrrAuD. Descriptions of Twenty-seven Apparently New Species 
and Subspecies of Mammals. Field Col. Mus., zool. Ser., vol. 3, No. 14, pp. 
239-261. December, 1903. 

Original description of Onychomys pulcher (pp. 243-244). 

A Check List of the Mammals of the North American Continent, the West 

Indies, and the Neighboring Seas. Field Col. Mus., zool. Ser., vol. 6, pp. i-v; 

1-761. 1905. 


The genus Onychomys embraces ten species and nine additional subspecies recognized by the author. 


Herricr, ©. L. Notes on the Mammals of Big Stone Lake and Vicinity. Thirteenth 
Ann. Rep. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Minnesota (1884), pp. 178-186. 1885. 


Original description of Onychomys leucogaster, var. pallidus (pp. 183-186), with notes on habits and 
osteology. 


The Mammals of Minnesota. A Scientific and Popular Account of their 
Features and Habits. Bull. No. 7, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Minnesota, pp. 
1-299; 23 figs., 8 plates. 1892. 

Description of Onychomys leucogaster var. pallidus (pp. 210-211), with a general account of O. leuco- 
gaster and “O. 1, var. torridus” (pp. 208-210). 


Houtster, N. Three New Subspecies of Grasshopper Mice. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash- 
ington, vol. 26, pp. 215-216. December 20, 1913. 


Original description of Onychomys torridus clarus (p. 215), O. lewcogaster capitulatus (pp. 215-216), 
and O. l. breviauritus (p. 216). 


JORDAN, Davip Starr. A Manual of the Vertebrate Animals of the Northern United 
States including the District North and East of the Ozark Mountains, South of 
the Laurentian Hills, North of the Southern Boundary of Virginia, and East 
of the Missouri River inclusive of Marine Species. Fifth edition, pp. 1-375. 
1888. 


Onychomys placed as a subgenus of Calomys Waterhouse, and the combination C. leucogaster used 
(p. 321). 


Lantz, D. E. Kansas Mammals in their Relation to Agriculture. Kansas Agric. 
College, Exp. Stat. Bull. No. 129, pp. 331-404. April, 1905. 

Economic status of Onychomys discussed (pp. 357-358). 

Lyon, Marcus Warp, Jr., and Oscoop, Wirrep Hupson. Catalogue of the Type 
Specimens of Mammals in the United States National Museum, including the 
Biological Survey Collection. Bull. 62, U. S. Nat. Mus., pp. ix; 1-325. 1909. 

Account of the nine type specimens of Onychomys preserved in the National Museum in 1909. 
Mearns, Epear A. Preliminary Diagnoses of New Mammals from the Mexican 

Border of the United States. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 19, pp. 137-140 (advance 
sheet issued May 25, 1896). 

Original descriptions of Onychomys torridus arenicola (pp. 139-140) and O. t. perpallidus (p. 140). 
Mammals of the Mexican Boundary of the United States. A Descriptive 
Catalogue of the Species of Mammals Occurring in that Region; with a General 
Summary of the Natural History, and a List of Trees. Bull. 56, Part 1, U. S. 


Nat. Mus., pp. i-xv; 1-530; numerous illustrations. 1907. 

Account of the genus Onychomys (p. 368) and of the seven forms recognized in the collections of the 
International Boundary Commission (pp. 369-380), with critical notes, synonymy, and observations 
on the habits. 


Merriam, C. Harr. Descriptions of Two New Species and One New Subspecies of 

Grasshopper Mouse, with a Diagnosis of the Genus Onychomys, and a Synopsis 

of the Species and Subspecies. North Amer. Fauna, No. 2, pp. 1-5; figs. 1, 2; 
pl.1. October 30, 1889. 

Original descriptions of Onychomys longipes (pp. 1-2), O. longicaudus (p. 2), and O. leucogaster 

melanophrys (pp. 2-3), with a discussion of relationships, a diagnosis of the genus (pp. 3-4), and a key 


to the known forms, five in number: longipes, leucogaster, melanophrys, longicaudus, and torridus 
(pp. 4-5). 


488 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


oe 


Merriam, ©. Hart. Annotated List of Mammals of the San Francisco Mountain 
Plateau and Desert of the Little Colorado in Arizona, with Notes on their Vertical 
Distribution, and Descriptions of New Species. North Amer. Fauna, No. 3, 
pp. 43-86. September 11, 1890. 


Original descriptions of Onychomys fuliginosus (pp. 59-61) and O. melanophrys pallescens (pp. 61-62), 
with notes on food habits. 


Mammals of Idaho. North Amer. Fauna, No. 5, pp. 31-87. July 30, 1891. 

Original description with figure of teeth, of Onychomys leucogaster brevicaudus (pp. 52-53). 

Four New Grasshopper Mice, Genus Onychomys. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- 
ton, vol. 17, pp. 123-125. June 9, 1904. 

Original diagnoses of Onychomys torridus tularensis (p. 123), O. t. yakiensis, O. t. canus (p. 124), and 
O. leucogaster albescens (pp. 124-125). 

Muer, GerrirS., Jr. List of North American Land Mammals in the United States 
National Museum, 1911. Bull. 79, U.S. Nat. Mus., pp. i-xiv; 1-455. December 
31, 1912. 

Lists nineteen nominal forms of the genus Onychomys (pp. 126-129), with references and type- 
localities; all represented by specimens, including thirteen types, in the National Museum collection. 

Ruoaps, Samuet N. Descriptions of Four New Rodents from California. Amer. 
Nat., vol. 27, pp. 831-836. September, 1893. 

Original description of Onychomys ramona (pp. 833-835). 

A New Grasshopper Mouse from New Mexico. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc:. Phila- 

delphia, 1898, pp. 194-195. May 3, 1898. 
Original description of Onychomys arcticeps. 
Srron, Ernest Tuompson. Life-Histories of Northern Animals. An Account of 
the Mammals of Manitoba. Vol. 1.—Grass-eaters. pp. I-xxx; 1-673; 68 maps 
_ and 500 illustrations. New York. 1909. 
Account of Onychomys leucogaster, with notes on life history and a map of the distribution of this 
and related forms (pp. 483-489). 

Srone, Wirmer and Renn, James A.G. On the Terrestrial Vertebrates of Portions 
of Southern New Mexico and Western Texas. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 
1903, pp. 16-34. May 7, 1908. 

Original description of Onychomys ruidosz (p. 22). 

Tuomas, OLDFIELD. On a New and Interesting Annectant Genus of Muride, with 
Remarks on the Relations of the Old- and New-World Members of the Family. 
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1888, pp. 130-135; pl. 5. 1888. 

Onychomys considered a subgenus of Cricetus, and the combinations Cricetus leucogaster and C. 
torridus are used (p. 133). 

Trug, Freperick W. A Provisional List of the Mammals of North and Central 
America, and the West Indian Islands. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol 7 (1884), 
Appendix, pp. 587-611. 1885. 

Two forms of Onychomys listed, as Hesperomys leucogaster and H. torridus (p. 597). 
Wiep, Maxmian Prinz zu. Reise in Das Innere Nord-America in den Jahren 
1832 bis 1834. pp. i-xxiv; 1-687. 1841. 
Original description of Hypudzus leucogaster (pp. 99-101). 
Verzeichniss der auf seiner Reise in Nord-Amerika beobachteten Sauge- 
thiere. pp. 1-240; pls. 1-8. 1862. 
Account of Hesperomys leucogaster (pp. 161-165). 


No. 2057. 


Big! 1: 


10. 


11. 


12. 


THE GRASSHOPPER MICE—HOLLISTER. 489 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 15. 
Skulls of Onychomys, dorsal views, about natural size. 


Onychomys leucogaster leucogaster, U.S.N.M (Biological Survey Coll.), Cat. 
No. 180027, male adult, Hankinson, North Dakota, July 25, 1912, V. Bailey. 


. Onychomys leucogaster fuscogriseus, U.S.N.M. (Biological Survey Coll.), Cat. 


No. 149060, female adult, Baird, Washington, June 6, 1907, 8S. E. Piper. 


. Onychomys leucogaster melanophrys, U.S.N.M. (Biological Survey Coll.), Cat. 


No. 57201, male adult, Bluff City, Utah, November 8, 1893, J. A. Loring. 


. Onychomys leucogaster ruidosx, U.S.N.M. (Biological Survey Coll.), Cat. No. 


127387, female adult, Capitan Mountains, New Mexico, July 2, 1903, J. H. 
Gaut. 


. Onychomys leucogaster capitulatus, U.S.N.M. (Biological Survey Coll.), Cat. 


No. 202615, male adult, Grand Canyon, Arizona, October 3, 1913, E. A. 
Goldman. 


. Onychomys leucogaster longipes, U.S.N.M. (Biological Survey Coll.), Cat. 


No. 32232, female adult, Laredo, Texas, December 23, 1890, W. Lloyd. 


. Onychomys torridus torridus, U.S.N.M., Cat. No. 36151, female adult, San 


Pedro River, Mexican Boundary Line, October 25, 1892, Dr. E. A. Mearns. 


. Onychomys torridus clarus, U.S.N.M. (Biological Survey Coll.), Cat. No. 


40226, female adult, Olanche, Owens Lake, California, May 18, 1891, 
F. Stephens. 


. Onychomys torridus ramona, U.S.N.M. (Biological Survey Coll.), Cat. No. 


94067, female adult, Riverside, California, July 23, 1897, Dane Coolidge. 

Onychomys torridus macrotis, U.S.N.M. (Biological Survey Coll.), Cat. No. 
138946, female adult, San Quentin, Lower California, Mexico, August 4, 
1905, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. 

Onychomys torridus yakiensis, U.S.N.M. (Biological Survey Coll.), Cat. No. 
96391, female adult, Camoa, Rio Mayo, Sonora, Mexico, January 17, 1899, 
E. A. Goldman. 

Onychomys torridus surrufus, U.S.N.M. (Biological Survey Coll.), Cat. No. 
93839, female adult, Miquihauna, Tamaulipas, Mexico, June 8, 1898, 
E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Type. 


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ORTHOPTERA OF THE YALE DOMINICAN EXPEDITION OF 
1913. 


By A. N. CavupeE 1, 
Custodian of Orthoptera, United States National Museum. 


The Orthoptera collected by the Yale expedition to Dominica in 
1913 comprises 57 specimens, representing 20 species. Two, a Phas- 
mid and a Locustid, apparently new, are herein described. No more 
definite locality is given than that expressed by the following label, 
which is uniform for each specimen: ‘‘Dominica. June-July, H. W. 
Foote, Yale Exp. 1913.” 

By previous agreement types, uniques, and one-half of the remain- 
ing specimens are deposited in the United States National Museum. 


Family BLATTIDAE. 


PLECTOPTERA POEYI Saussure. 

One female. This specimen is somewhat larger than ones in the 
United States National Museum from the Greater Antilles and the 
United States, the elytra measuring 6 mm. in length. Synonymy 
very surely exists among the species of this genus and a revision is 
desirable. : 

PANCHLORA HYALINA Stoll. 

Four females. 

EPILAMPRA CRIBROSA Burmeister. 

One female. This unique specimen seems to fit the description of 
ertbrosa better than that of any other described form which might be 
expected to occur in Dominica. 

PYCNOSCELIS SURINAMENSIS Linnaeus. 

Two immature specimens. 

In addition to the above roaches there is in the collection a very 
young nymph of a Blattid which I am unable to determine. 


Family PHASMIDAE. 


PARAPRISOPUS ANTILLARUM, new species. 
One female. Head densly covered with blunt tubercles, a broad 


transverse furrow between the eyes with a deep longitudinal sulcus 
above it and a couple of obscure slightly oblique longitudinal furrows, 


PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 47—No. 2058. 491 


492 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


one on each side of the deep median sulcus; occiput with a pair of 
tubercles very slightly larger than the others, one on each side of the 
median sulcus. Antenne heavy and basally flattened, especially the 
basal segment, which is barely longer than broad. Pronotum quad- 
rate and covered with large tubercles, four, situated two on each side 
of the median line on the anterior half, somewhat larger than the 
others; just anterior of the middle of the pronotum is adeep trans- 
verse furrow and near the anterior border is a second shorter one. 
There is a pair of shallow posteriorly divergent furrows on the posterior 
part of the pronotal disk. Mesothorax about twice as long as the 
anterior width, the width noticably and gradually increasing from the 
front backwards; surface of mesonotum covered with large rounded 
tubercles, less elevated than those of the pronotum. Metanotum 
transverse, the surface covered with tubercles similar to those on the 
mesonotum. Median segment about twice as long as the metanotum 
and, like it, covered with bluntly rounded tubercles. Abdomen also 
covered with rounded tubercles, the segments very slightly longer 
than broad, the fourth, fifth, and sixth ones more distinctly so; oper- 
culum falling short of the end of the abdomen, barely exceeding the 
apex of the eighth segment, apically terminated by a short, blunt pro- 
jection; cerci short and heavy. 

Klytra present as small apically rounded lobes, broader than long 
and not reaching the posterior margin of the metanotum; wings 
immovable, fossil-like plates, their apical margin broadly rounded 
and coincident with that of the posterior margin of the metanotum. 

Legs short, broad and heavy, all the femora broadly flattened and 
the margins, especially the lower margins of the middle and hind ones, 
undulately toothed or tuberculate; fore femora with the basal curve 
terminating two-thirds the distance from the base; middle femora — 
but twice as long as broad, the hind ones about four times as long as 
broad. Tibize somewhat flattened and more or less distinctly undu- 
late above. Tarsi heavy, and as long as the tibie, the anterior ones a 
little longer. All the legs are covered with tubercles similar to, but 
smaller than, those that cover the rest of the insect. 

General color brownish with the tubercles mostly ash-colored, 
especially those on the head and pronotum; eyes dark brown; there 
is some black on the occiput and on the front part of the pronotum; 
some of the segments of the antenne are darkened basally, giving it a 
ringed appearance; the tibie are variegated with blackish and the 
hind and middle femora are black on the inner face. 

Measurements: Length, entire insect, 63 mm.; pronotum, 4; meso- 
notum, 8; metanotum, 2; fore femora, 7; middle femora, 5; hind 
femora, 8; width, head, 5; middle femora, 2.5. 

Type.—Cat. No. 18242, U.S.N.M. 

The type is unique. 


No. 2058. ORTHOPTERA FROM DOMINICA—CAUDELL. 493 


Family ACRIDIDAE. 


ORPHULELLA PUNCTATA DeGeer. 

Nine males, twelve females, and one female nymph. 

The above series of this common species exhibits much variation 
but no extremes not paralleled by specimens in a series of some 300 or 
more in the United States National Museum collectionfrom Paraguay, 
named by Professor Bruner. 


Family LOCUSTIDAE. 


MICROCENTRUM DIVISUM Walker. 

Two males. This species will very surely prove synonymous with 
some one of the later described species of Brunner. 
NEOCONOCEPHALUS GUTTATUS Walker. 

One female. The Conocephalus exaltatus of Walker seems very 
near this species and may indeed be the same. 
CONOCEPHALUS PROPINQUUM Redtenbacher. 

One adult male and a female nymph. 
LEUROPHYLLUM LURIDUM Brunner. 

Two males. These specimens are a little larger than the measure- 
ments given in the original description. 
LICHENOCHRUS FULVICOSTA, new species. 

Four females. General color greenish mottled with dark brown. 


Head with front retreating; fastigium of the vertex small and 
declivent, not nearly as broad as the basal segment of the antenna 
and apically pointed, the whole sunk deep between elevated antennal 
scrobae, the tip below that of the frontal fastigium, which is apically 
tuberculate; basal segment of antenna armed on the inner side with 
a long spur, more than half as long as the segment. Pronotum sub- 
sellate, without lateral carinae, the disk anteriorly roundly produced, 
posteriorly less so, the surface uneven but scarcely ruggose, the 
transverse sulci very distinct; lateral lobes twice as long as high, the 
lower margin horizontal and with a shallow intromarginal sulcus. 
Abdomen plump, the ovipositor heavy, very little curved upwards, 
lower margin regularly curved, the upper margin straight in basal 
half or a little more and then tapering to the pointed apex in an 
almost straight line, the margins almost smooth, very slightly 
undulately toothed. 

Legs long and stout; all the femora armed beneath on the cephalic 
margin only, the fore ones with four, the middle with five or six, and 
the hind ones with about a dozen stout spines, those of the hind 
femora especially much flattened; all geniculations briefly but 
acutely spined; all tibize armed beneath on both margins with several 
short stout spines; fore tibiee unarmed above or with one or two 
small spines on the caudal margin in the apical half, none apical; 
middle tibiae armed above on the caudal margin only with 4 or 5 


494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 47. 


spines, none apical; hind tibiz with both dorsal margins bearing 
long, basally flattened, backward curving spines, an apical one on 
the inner margin only. Tarsi broad and flat, especially the third 
segment. 

Elytra slightly longer than the wings when folded, extending a 
fifth their length beyond the tips of the hind femora; costal and anal 
margins almost equally and uniformly curved, the tips narrowly 
rounded. Wings nearly as broad as long, uniformly and deeply 
fuliginous with even darker cross-veins except a broad grayish-brown 
strip along the costal margin and extending from the base to near 
the apex and as broad mesially as the pronotal width. 

Face, like the entire head except the brown eyes, light yellowish 
brown, the mandibles blackish apically and the clypeus and labrum 
very slightly margined laterally with darker color; antenne brown, 
with some lighter segments here and there. Abdomen generally 
yellowish brown, the sides of the last segment shining piceous, the 
ovipositor yellowish basally and black apically. Legs greenish 
brown mottled with black, the black mottling of the tibize sometimes 
gathered into the form of illy defined obscure bands. Elytra green- 
ish with blackish mottlings; wings colored as described above. 

Length: Pronotum, 10 mm.; fore femora, 18; middle femora, 17; 
hind femora, 37; elytra, 65; wings, 57; ovipositor, 87. Width: 
elytra, at the middle, 18; wings, at widest part, 46; ovipositor, at 
middle, 5.5. 

Type.—Cat. No. 18252, paratype No. 18252a U.S.N.M.; paratypes 
182526 and 18252¢ Yale University. 

The paratypes are about as the types except that the general color 
is dark brownish, the green of the type specimen being mostly absent. 

The armature of the anterior tibie seems very variable. In the 
type-specimen and paratype a one of these tibie, the left, is wholly 
unarmed above while the opposite one has one small spine at about 
the apical fourth. Paratype 6 has the left with one small spine and 
the right unarmed and paratype ¢ has two spines on the left one and 
one on the right. 

In general this species bears some superficial resemblance to the 
insect described and figured by Redtenbacher as Bliastes striolatus 
but in structure it is very different. 

LUTOSA CUBENSIS Haan. 


One female. 
Family GR YLLIDAE. 


CRYPTOPTILUM ANTILLARUM Redtenbacher. 

Two females. The measurements of these two specimens are 
somewhat less than those given by Redtenbacher for the types from 
St. Vincent and the form is a little more slender than United States 
specimens in the National Museum collection determined by Rehn 


No. 2058. ORTHOPTERA FROM DOMINICA—CAUDELL. 495 


and Hebard. But these Dominican specimens are badly rubbed 
and show some indications of immaturity. 
ANUROGRYLLUS MUTICUS DeGeer. 

One female. The lateral lobes of this brachypterous specimen are 
almost wholly blackish, showing variation toward the larger A. fuscus 
Caudell from Peru. This latter species may prove to be but of 
varietal distinctness. An interesting malformation of the male type 
of this Peruvian form is presented by the metatarsus of the left hind 
tarsus, which is unarmed above. 

GRYLLODES RUFIPES Redtenbacher. 

One adult female and three nymphs, one a nearly mature female 
and two smaller males. 

The adult female, which has the end of the ovipositor broken off, 
agrees with the original description of the species except that the 
elytra are not separated above. This may indicate a different species, 
a variation or a difference due merely to a shriveling of the type 
specimen in drying. This can be definitely determined only when 
more material from the Lesser Antilles is available for study. 
LARANDUS MARMORATUS Redtenbacher. 

One female. This specimen, the first of its sex known I believe, 
seems to resemble the male, as described by Redtenbacher from St. 
Vincent, except that it is entirely apterous and measures as follows: 
Length, pronotum, 3 mm.; posterior femora, 11; ovipositor, 7; 
width, pronotum, 3.5; hind femur at widest part, 3.25. 

The ovipositor is moderately curved upward and the tip is con- 
siderably broadened and spear-shaped, the valves almost unarmed. 
The cerci are almost one half longer than the ovipositor. 

CYRTOXIPHA IMITATOR Saussure. 

One male. This specimen seems specifically identical with the male 
recorded by Rehn from Cuba. 
AMPHIACUSTA CARAIBEA Saussure. 

One male. 

OROCHARIS, species. 

Two males, one female. In spite of the fact that these specimens 
are in fairly good condition I am unable to place them with certainty. 
They are probably what has been sometimes recorded from the 
Antilles as Orocharis gryllodes or O. saulcyr but they differ from both 
these species as represented in the collection of the United States 
National Museum. Orocharis, like so many of our orthopterous 
genera, is in need of revision. 


os or 


eS ae 


A PECULIARITY IN THE GROWTH OF THE TAIL FEATHERS 
OF THE GIANT HORNBILL (RHINOPLAX VIGIL). 


By ALEX WETMORE, 
Of the Biological Survey, United States Department of Agriculture. 


Sometime ago Dr. C. W. Richmond, of the United States National 
Museum, called my attention to certain peculiarities in the rectrices of 
the Giant Hornbill (Rhinoplax vigil) and the following notes are the 
outcome of his kindness in allowing me to examine the material under 
his care 1. Nine specimens, six males and three females, of this fine 
bird are at hand, all collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott. In none of these 
are the rectrices perfect as will be noted in the detailed description 
below, and it was this fact that first drew attention to them in Doctor 
Richmond’s search for a specimen to be mounted and placed on gen- 
eral view. The elongated median tail feathers at once catch the 
attention on examining this Hornbill, and their length is no less 
extraordinary than the apparent manner of their growth to which I 
believe attention has not been called previously. 

Ten rectrices are found in the completely developed tail of this bird, 
eight outer feathers of moderate size and two central feathers, which 
when completely developed, are from 2 to 3 feet in length. The only 
apparent difference between male and female in the growth of the tail 
is that of relative size, the male being the larger bird. 

Following is a brief description of the condition of development of 
the caudal feathers in the specimens at hand, arranged in chrono- 
logical sequence: 

Cat. No. 159447, U.S.N.M.; female; Lay Song Hong, Trong, 
Lower Siam, September 16, 1896. The eight lateral tail feathers are 
all present but of the central pair, one long feather, faded in color and 
somewhat worn, is developed. On the right side a second long 
feather, bright and new in color, is growing with its tip about one and 
one-half inches beyond the shorter lateral feathers. 

Cat. No. 159448, U.S.N.M.; male; Lay Song Hong, Trong, Lower 
Siam, September 24, 1896. The eight outer rectrices are fully grown 
and one long central feather somewhat worn appears on the left side. 


1 To Mr. H. C. Oberholser thanks are due for suggestions during the preparation of this paper. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 47—No. 2059. 
34843°—Proc. N.M.vol.47—14——-32 497 


498 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 47. 


Its coordinate on the right has attained two-thirds the length of the 
lateral retrices. 

Cat. No. 181104, U.S.N.M.; male; Aru Bay, East Sumatra, Novem- 
ber 18,1905. In this bird seven of the lateral paired feathers are fully 
developed with an eighth outermost just appearing on the right side, 
while its mate on the left has evidently been fully developed for some 
time. The fourth from without on the right is a bright clean feather 
which has not quite attained its growth, a small portion at the base 
being still inclosed in a sheath, while the corresponding feather on the 
left is old, much worn, abraded at the tip, and dull in general color. 
Of the central pair, the left feather is longer and is faded and much 
worn, while the right rectrix, 6 inches less in length, is still growing 
as is shown by the sheath-inclosed base. 

Cat. No. 159449, U.S.N.M.; female; Lay Song Hong, Trong, Lower 
Siam, November 21, 1896. The four outer pairs of rectrices are 
developed normally, while one alone of the central feathers is fully 
grown and it is faded and somewhat abraded. At its base on the left 
side is the other member of the median pair, a bright, new, developing 
feather three-fourths as long as the outer rectrices. 

Cat. No. 181105, U.S.N.M.; male; Aru Bay, East Sumatra, January 
1, 1906. The eight shorter feathers. are intact and comparatively 
new. The right member of the central pair is fully developed and in 
fair condition as regards color and abrasion; while its companion on 
the left is one-fourth the length of the lateral rectrices and has just 
broken its sheath. 

Cat. No. 180966, U.S.N.M.; male; Tarussan Bay, West Sumatra, 
January 9, 1905. The tail is well developed, the four outer pairs of 
rectrices being entirely bright and new. One long feather on the right 
side is comparatively new, showing few signs of wear. Its companion 
on the left shows only in that the sheath projects one-half inch beyond 
the skin of the pygal elevation and as yet shows no sign of breaking 
to allow the vane to expand. 

Cat. No. 181699, U.S.N.M.; male; Balik Papan Bay, East Borneo, 
February 9, 1909. This specimen has three of the outer feathers on 
the left side fully developed, the second from the outside being one- 
third as long as the others. On the right half only two feathers are 
fully developed; the first is just breaking its sheath and the second is 
one-half as long as its fully grown companions. Of the median pair, 
the left is longer while its parallel on the right is a trifle shorter and is 
evidently older and in poorer condition, being worn at the tip nearly 
to the shaft. 

Cat. No. 181249, U.S.N.M.; male; Sungei Makapan, East Sumatra, 
February 18,1907. The right member of the fourth pair barely shows 
as a projecting quill from the uropygium, while its companion on the 
left is double its length and is just breaking the tegumentary sheath. 


no. 2059. TAIL FEATHERS OF GIANT HORNBILL—WETMORE. | 499 


The central feathers are identical in condition with those in the bird 
immediately preceding except that the right rectrix is the longer and 
younger as is shown by its color and condition as regards wear. 

Cat. No. 181250, U.S.N.M.; female; Makapan, East Sumatra, 
February 20, 1907. The eight lateral tail feathers are present and 
but one fully developed central feather on the right side, which has 
the vane faded and broken below the distal extremity. On the left 
its mate has grown out until it is 44 inches longer than the lateral 
rectrices. 

It will be noticed at once that in none of these nine birds which 
have been critically examined are both feathers of the central pair 
equal in length, apparent age, or development. In the three birds 
(Nos. 181104, 181699, and 181249) in which both feathers are approxi- 
mately the same length one of them is noticeably a feather of a pre- 
vious molt which is about to be shed and which is so worn and abraded 
that part of the shaft has been broken off, leaving it shorter than the 
newer feather. The other specimens all have one central feather fully 
grown and the other at different stages of development from a newly 
appearing pin feather barely projecting beyond the flesh to a bright 
new feather more than three-fourths the length of its companion. 

From these facts it is evident that but one of these feathers is devel- 
oped at one time. This feather grows to full length and is retained 
at the next molt while another starts on the opposite side. When 
this second feather attains its growth the two are found together 
for a short time until the old rectrix is shed, leaving the newly devel- 
oped feather as a projecting vane in the tail, when the process is 
repeated. Curiously enough each new feather, whether on the right 
or left side, grows out beneath the vane of the older feather, thus 
securing protection from abrasion and fading until mature. 

The long feather is apparently dropped sometime between Decem- 
ber and March, though I have not been able to ascertain the exact 
time or the age which these feathers attain, as the nine birds studied 
come from four separate localities, and different climatic conditions 
undoubtedly modify the breeding season and so change the time of 
the post-breeding molt. However, between September and January 
six birds are found to have these feathers of unequal length and in two 
specimens collected in February the new feather is fully grown and the 
other still in its place, while signs of growth are present in the other 
feathers, pointing to a duration of two years for each of these giant 
rectrices, though it may be found that they are renewed at shorter 
intervals, each one, however, being retained more than a year. It 
is very evident that these feathers remain in position for more than 
one year, from the great wear and fading which they show when com- 
pared with the other tail feathers and the remiges. 


500 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


Other irregularities are apparent in the molt of the bird as in four 
specimens from eastern Sumatra taken from September to February 
one or more primaries is found to be in an undeveloped condition, and 
variation is shown in the renewal of the shorter pairs of lateral 
rectrices. 

To summarize, in the Giant Hornbill (Rhinoplax vigil) but one 
feather of the central pair is developed at one time and this spike, 
much longer than the other rectrices, on reaching maturity, remains 
in position for more than a year, probably for two. Its companion, 
beginning its growth after the other has gained its extreme length, 
then equals it in size. The first feather is then molted and is gradu- 
ally replaced by another, so that in the renewal of this central pair 
there is a continual alternation instead of the usual method by which 
these feathers are renewed synchronously on the right and left sides. 
It is difficult to determine how this peculiar situation has been brought 
about, but it is apparently an interesting case of aberrant evolution. 

Upon the facts as outlined above, we may, however, base the hypo- 
thesis that originally a Hornbill with tail feathers more or less equal 
in length, through some accident retained a central feather which 
grew, outstripping its fellows until it had more than doubled their 
size and then later was cast off. In the meanwhile its companion 
attained an equal length, reaching maturity before the fall of the first 
feather and, remaining in position, maintained the peculiar spike-like 
form unique in this genus among the Hornbills. That this change 
has been rather recent is testified by the fact that these long central 
feathers have a broad white tip and a black subapical band conform- 
ing exactly in width and color to the bands found on the shorter 
lateral feathers. 


1Since this was written three additional specimens of this Hornbill, collected by Mr. H. C. Raven, 
have been received from Borneo, as follows: Cat. No. 182804, U.S. N. M., adult male, Sungei Karangan, 
October 28, 1913; Cat. No. 182805, U.S. N. M., young female, Sungei Karangan, December 8, 1913; Cat. 
No. 182806, U.S. N. M., adulé male, Sungei Pelawan, January 5, 1914. 

The two adult males exhibit the same peculiarities as the series discussed above. In each bird one of 
the central rectrices is worn and abraded, while its companion is bright and new. In the October speci- 
men the new feather is three inches shorter than its older companion, while in the January bird the two 
are about equal, and the older feather would soon have been dropped. 

Great interest, however, attaches to the development found in the immature specimen. This bird is 
about three-fourths grown, the primaries are still shorter than the secondaries and are worn and dirty, as 
though the bird had recently left the nest, and the huge knob on the culmen is in the early stages of 
growth. In the tail THE SAME CONDITION IS NOTED ASIN THE ADULTS. The right feather of the central 
pair of rectrices is worn and broken, one third being gone. The left rectrix while worn is evidently a 
newer feather. As in the adults the new feather grows out under the old one. From this it is evident 
that a single median tail feather grows out to full length while the bird is STILLIN THENEST. Whether 
another feather appears with it to be pushed out by one following later can be determined only from 
more material. 


NOTES ON WOLFRAMITE, BERAUNITE, AND AXINITE. 


By Epaear T. WHERRY, 
Assistant Curator, Division of Mineralogy and Petrology, United States National Museum. 


OBSERVATIONS ON WOLFRAMITE. 


The studies herein presented were undertaken at the suggestion 
of Mr. Frank L. Hess, of the United States Geological Survey, who 
desired information as to the composition of these two occurrences 
of wolframite. 

No. 1 is a large specimen in the exhibition collection of the Museum 
(Cat. No. 80179), labeled “Cornwall, England,” although unfortu- 
nately with no statement as to the exact mine or district from which 
it came. It shows, however, the characteristic features of the min- 
eral as found in that region, occurring as long bladed crystals, with 
granular chalcopyrite, in white vein quartz. Along cracks in the 
solid wolframite a yellowish powder is developed, which apparently 
represents an alteration product, although the amount is too small 
to determine its character. 

No. 2 is a mass about 6 by 9 by 12 cm. in size, showing a very 
black wolframite intimately associated with bright green chrysocolla, 
with here and there between the two, as well as throughout the wol- 
framite, streaks of an olive green, waxy, copper tungstate mineral. 
The associated gangue minerals are microcline and gray quartz, the 
occurrence being evidently in a pegmatite vein. It came from Cave 
Creek, north of Phoenix, Arizona, and was presented to the Museum 
by Mr. S. H. Brockunier, through Mr. Hess (Cat. No. 87283). 

Material for analysis was selected from portions free from visible 
impurities, finely powdered and dried in a dessicator over sulphuric 
acid. Preliminary trials of the method of distillation in a stream 
of sulphur monochloride mixed with chlorine, recently recommended 
by Bourion,’ gave rather unsatisfactory results in that it was ex- 
tremely difficult to recover all the tungsten, some of it sticking to 
the glass apparatus, and further, although most of the manganese 
and all the silica, calcium, copper, and magnesium remained behind 
in the boat, some iron was also left, so that it was necessary to run 


1 Ann. chim. phys., ser. 8, vol. 21, 1910, p. 87. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 47—No. 2060. 501 


502 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47, 


both the residue and the distillate through the whole course of 
analysis. 

The method of fusion with sodium carbonate as outlined by Tread- 
well’ was therefore adopted, although modifications had to be 
introduced to obtain the copper in No. 2. The rare metals were 
also separated by the course recommended by Treadwell, that of 
decomposition by nitro-hydrochloric acid. It was found that on 
washing the residue insoluble in ammonia with pure water, the 
oxides of columbium and tantalum tended to become colloidal and 
run through the filter paper, a turbid filtrate under these conditions 
constituting a very delicate test for their presence; adding a little 
ammonium nitrate to the wash water coagulated them again, how- 
ever, and permitted their retention on the filter. 

In sample 1 the unusually high value of 0.80 was obtained for 
calcium. As it seemed of interest to know whether this was due to 
included calcite gangue, or to scheelite, half a gram was ignited for 
30 minutes in a platinum crucible at the highest temperature of a 
modern complete combustion burner, and tested with neutral phe- 
nolphthalein solution. Not the slightest alkalinity was shown, 
although calcite should have been readily decomposed under these 
conditions. It was then thought that treatment with tartaric acid 
might throw some light on the question. Half a gram of the sample 
was heated on a steam bath with a solution of 10 grams of tartaric 
acid in 50 ec. of water for three hours, the undecomposed mineral 
filtered out, and ammonium hydroxide and ammonium oxalate 
added to the filtrate. On standing overnight a precipitate of cal- 
cium oxalate came down, which on being filtered out, ignited, and 
weighed, gave 0.82 per cent, showing that all the calcium had gone 
into solution. In the filtrate from the calcium oxalate ammonium 
sulphide gave a black precipitate of ferrous sulphide, which was 
filtered out, dissolved in hydrochloric acid, and its iron precipitated 
with ammonium hydroxide and weighed as ferric oxide. A small 
amount of manganese oxide, determined as 0.07 per cent, was also 
recovered here. The filtrate, from which iron, manganese, and 
calcium had now been completely removed, was evaporated to dry- 
ness three times with concentrated nitric acid to destroy the tartaric 
acid, and the separated tungsten trioxide dissolved off the dish with 
ammonium hydroxide, and poured through a filter into a crucible 
in which it was ignited and weighed as tungsten trioxide. The 
amount of tungsten trioxide obtained was not sufficient to satisfy 
all of the bases, but it seemed most probable that it had = united 
with all of the calcium and part of the iron. 

To determine whether scheelite is soluble in tartaric acid, some clear 
crystals were broken from a specimen from Zinnwald, powdered, and 


1 Quantitative Analysis, translated by W. T. Hall, 3d edition, 1911, p. 296. 


no. 2060. WOLFRAMITE, BERAUNITE, AND AXINITE—WHERRY. 503 


0.2250 gram heated on the steam bath with 10 grams tartaric acid 
dissolved in water, for two days. The amount of powder was seen to 
gradually decrease, and that remaining at the end of this period weighed 
only 0.0302 gram, representing thus only about 15 per cent of the origi- 
nal material. This would no doubt have dissolved completely had it 
been finely enough powdered, or had the heating been continued 
longer, so it is evident that scheelite is essentially soluble in tartaric 
acid. This reagent therefore can not be used to differentiate scheelite 
from calcite as an impurity in wolframite, but in the present case the 
failure to obtain an alkaline reaction on ignition seems clear evidence 
of the absence of calcite, so the calcium has all been regarded as in the 
scheelite form. As noted in the description of the mineral, a yellowish 
powder is visible in some cracks on the specimen; although every- 
thing of this sort was carefully removed from the material used for 
analysis, the presence of invisible cracks along which incipient altera- 
tion by calcium-bearing solutions has occurred is quite within the 
range of possibility. 

The tartaric acid dissolved from the wolframite 4.16 per cent of 
tungsten trioxide. The 0.82 per cent of calcium oxide found would be 
united with only 3.40 per cent, if in the form of scheelite, so that 0.76 
per cent tungsten trioxide remains to be accounted for. But 0.90 per 
cent ferric oxide and 0.07 manganous oxide were also found to be 
dissolved. The manganous oxide would take 0.23 tungsten triox- 
ide, leaving 0.53 which was united with ferrous oxide. The amount of 
ferrous oxide corresponding would be, however, only 0.17 per cent 
(0.20 as ferric oxide), which, subtracted from the total ferric oxide 
found, leaves 0.70 free ferric oxide which was dissolved by the tartaric 
acid. This, which is perhaps present as limonite, has been listed 
separately in the analysis, the equivalent amount of ferrous oxide, 
0.63 per cent, having been subtracted from the total ferrous oxide 
found. But on calculating the mineral composition of the original 
material, following Mr. Hess’s plan of assigning the tungsten first to 
the manganese, calcium, magnesium, etc.,' a total excess of ferric 
oxide of 2.2 per cent was found. Since the form of the remaining 1.5 
per cent of this is indeterminate, it has been necessary to include it 
with the ferrous oxide, although it may be present as a ferric oxide 
insoluble in tartaric acid, perhaps hematite, or possibly in solid 
solution (see below). Mr. Hess ? has found such an excess of iron to 
be very frequent in wolframite. 

No. 2 was fused with sodium carbonate at as low a temperature as 
possible, to prevent alloying of any of the copper with the platinum 
crucible, and then, when the oxides insoluble in water were dissolved 
in acid, the copper was first precipitated by hydrogen sulphide before 
the determination of the iron and manganese, and weighed as oxide, 


1U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 583, 1914, p. 21. 2Idem, p. 38. 


504 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


after repeated ignition with dry ammonium carbonate. Here the cal- 
cium was only moderate in amount, but the columbium and tantalum 
oxides seemed sufficiently high to attempt to determine the relative 
amounts of the two. 

For this purpose the oxides were fused with potassium acid fluoride, 
reprecipitated, and ignited as recommended by Foote and Langley ! 
and the specific gravity then determined. Although the impossi- 
bility of duplicating the conditions exactly renders the result uncer- 
tain, it is probably quite as dependable as that obtained by any of the 
direct methods of determination. The 2.20 per cent of mixed oxides 
obtained had a specific gravity of 7.02, corresponding to about 2/3 
tantalum, so that the percentages of the two oxides are stated as tan- 
talic oxide 1.50, columbic oxide 0.70. No tin or titanium could be 
detected in either sample of wolframite. 


Analyses. Calculated mineral compositions. 
1 2 1 2 

ReO ip 52-2 108k}, 18:18"||- Ferrowoliramiites +. 25222-22055 5 2-6 nH HOW Osoanee ces 39.1 75.9 
MnOees 2. 12. 55 3.37 || Manganowolframite ......-...-......-- Ma WiO jase oe. 53.5 14.2 
CaOe ase 0. 80 0.24 || Calcioscheelite. -.- - a SP ae ee ee Sr Caw Owe ve. s8 4.1 1.2 
MgO: 322-4 (18 OR) Se Sere Magnesioscheelite......-...-.-.....-.- Mg WiO atte. s.2 OF StF See 
CuOPee Balt 15347|| Cuprosebeelitie: -44-3=--cess4---h eaeee Cui Ojsas sees. | Sas 5.3 
WiOgee.:-. WA. S40) 73.7041 Merrotantalitess: . 4552-16 eee Fe(TaO3)3....... 0.1 ne) 
TagOs ee | 1.50 || Manganotantalite............-..-- ----| Mn(Ta0Osg)o- ---.- 0.1 0.3 
Cb_0;-.----- 0.7 Kerrocolumbites2-2 5: ss -eee = .-.-| Fe(CbOs3)s--..--- 0.1 0.7 
SiQss =e: 0. 30 0.72 || Manganocolumbite..... Goren Meets 8 Mn(CbOs)o- .- -- - 0.1 0.2 
as Og ress te Ont Obl cst LAUDE a AS Rane Sea Se ret eseae site ee te SiQg ets .2o sae 0.3 0.7 

ETON OXIdES <9 5.54 SASS ae See eee Fe,Os, etc.....-.. bY <8 eee 

100.38 | 99.79 

Spacer 7.272 | 7.162 RO tale see ees see nes eae | te eT 100.0} 100.0 


1. Wolframite, Cornwall, England. U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 583, p. 27. 

2. Wolframite, Cave Creek, Arizona. Idem, p. 32. 

In calculating the approximate mineral composition of 1 it was assumed that the only free base was the 
iron oxide, that the iron manganese ratio was the same in the columbite-tantalite as in the wolframite, and 
that equal proportions of columbium and tantalum were present. 

In calculating that of 2 it was again assumed that the iron and manganese were present in the columbite- 
tantalite in the same ratio as in the wolframite, and that the deficiency in the summation of the analysis 
was due to the manganese being too low. 


A few words should be added concerning the nomenclature here 
adopted.?, The names wolframite, scheelite, columbite, and tanta- 
lite are used as series names, that is, as referring to any and all inter- 
mediate members of the isomorphous series, no matter what the 
relative proportions of the basesare. For the theoreticalend members, 
chemical prefixes are applied to these roots.’ This method is pre- 

1 Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 30, 1910, p. 393. 
2 Which represents an extension of that proposed in Science, vol. 39, 1914, p. 575. 
3The end members are described as theoretical because they can not be expected to occur in nature, 


elements being apparently never found free from at least small amounts of their isomorphs. Their 
chemical-prefixed names should therefore not be included in ‘‘lists of new mineral names.”’ 


no. 2060. WOLFRAMITE, BERAUNITE, AND AXINITE—WHERRY. 505 


ferred to the use of distinct names for the end members because, 
while both are ambiguous in being ordinarily used for quite distinct 
things, it seems simpler to restrict the chemical terms to one mean- 
ing. Thus, both ferrowolframite and ferberite may be used either 
for pure ferrous tungstate, or for a ferrous tungstate containing a lit- 
tle manganese isomorphously replacing the iron; manganowolframite 
and hibnerite for either pure manganese tungstate or manganese 
tungstate containing a few per cent of iron in isomorphous replace- 
ment; cuproscheelite and cuprotungstite for various mixtures of cop- 
per and calcium tungstates, etc. 

If mineralogy is ever to have anything like a quantitative system 
of nomenclature, such ambiguity will have to be avoided, and it 
seems to the writer that the best way to avoid it will be through 
restricting the use of words with chemical prefixes to the end mem- 
bers, whether found in nature or not, and doing away with distinct 
names for them. The method used in the well-known quantitative 
classification of igneous rocks could be adopted here, using the pre- 
fixes: Permangano when Mn: Fe is greater than 7: 1; domangano 
between 7:1 and 5:3; ferromangano between 5:3 and 3:5; doferro 
between 3:5 and 1:7; and perferro less than 1:7. Named according 
to this plan, the wolframite from Cornwall would be ferromangano- 
wolframite and that from Cave Creek doferrowolframite. Such names 
are of course too cumbersome for everyday use, although it is possi- 
ble that in certain cases they might be employed with advantage for 
purposes of classification or comparison. It is especially urged, 
however, that they, like those of end members, be omitted from lists 
of mineral names, for arbitrarily partitioned-off portions of isomor- 
phous series are not to be regarded as definite minerals. 

It is of course impossible to refer in the names to all constituents 
of the minerals, but that does not mean that some of the minor ones 
are not of considerable importance; and the significance of the colum- 
bium and tantalum found in these samples is certainly worth dis- 
cussing. In the table of calculated mineral compositions these have 
been regarded as united with iron and manganese, to form the colum- 
bite and tantalite molecules. No columbite and tantalite are present 
as visible inclusions, for the brilliant cleavage surfaces of the wolfram- 
ites look perfectly uniform under the microscope. But they might 
exist either 1, in chemical combination; 2, as submicroscopic inclu- 
sions; in one of the types of solid solution: 3, isomorphous replace- 
ment; or 4, mix crystals; or, finally, 5, as an adsorption compound. 
The tendency of the ‘‘metallic acids’”—columbium, tantalum, tita- 
nium, tungsten, vanadium, etc.—to enter minerals in these ways is 
very evident when the variability in composition of many colum- 
bates, of the titaniferous magnetites, etc., is considered. But vari- 
ous interpretations have been put on it by different observers. 


506 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 47. 


Thus Dr. J. T. Singewald, jr.,1 concluded that the presence of 
titanium in magnetites showing no visible ilmenite intergrowths 
proved the existence of a ‘‘titanomagnetite”; but he had found the 
lamellas of ilmenite to vary continuously from 4 mm. down to 0.001 
mm. in length, and there is no reason at all why they should cease 
to exist at just the latter size, for the limit of microscopic visibility 
is determined by the wave length of light, and has no significance 
as far as the molecules are concerned, a particle of this size containing 
thousands of molecules. So submicroscopic inclusions may well 
account for much of the titanium. Stopford Brunton,’ from similar 
studies, assumed the titanium to be present in “solid solution,” 
but evidently used this term to cover all cases where no inclusions 
are visible, making no attempt to differentiate the various possibili- 
ties listed above. It seems to the writer that we should be more 
specific in stating just what mode of combination the evidence 
favors in any particular case, so the data in regard to wolframite 
will be further discussed here. 

The absence of the elements columbium and tantalum from some 
specimens of the latter mineral, and their variable amount when found, 
clearly indicate that they are not chemically combined with the tungs- 
‘tates. That their presence might be due to inclusions of columbite 
and tantalite has been suggested,* without definite proof; and only 
the existence of visible inclusions would justify the assumption of 
submicroscopic ones, as in the titaniferous magnetites above men- 
tioned. There remain, therefore, only the possibilities of solid solu- 
tion and adsorption, 3, 4, and 5. 

A solid solution, according to van’t Hoff, the first to employ the 
term, is a solid homogeneous complex of two or more substances, the 
relative proportions of which may vary, but the homogeneous charac- 
ter be retained.t| Two principal types can be distinguished, isomor- 
phous replacement, where the substances are closely related chemi- 
cally and may be regarded as taking one another’s places in the point 
system constituting the crystal structure; and mix-crystal forma- 
tion, where the substances are so different in character that mutual 
replacement is out of the question. The formation of mix crystals, 
in which, as has been shown more especially by O. Lehmann,’ two or 
more crystalline substances grow together so intimately that they 
appear homogeneous under the microscope, yet mutually affect one 
another as to crystallization, producing changes in habit, crystal 
angle, optical properties, etc., is probably a much more frequent and 
important phenomenon than is ordinarily supposed. It takes the 


1 Econ. Geol., vol. 8, 1913, p. 207; U. S. Bureau of Mines, Bull. 64, 1913. 

2Tdem, p. 670. 

3 Damour, Bull. soc. géol. France, ser. 1, vol. 2, 1848, p. 108; Hess, loc. cit. 

4 ZeitS. phys. Chemie, vol. 5, 1890, p. 323. 

6 Zeits. Kryst. Min., vol. 1, 1877, p. 453; vol. 6, 1882, p. 48, p. 580; vol. 12, 1887, p. 399, ete. 


C—O oe 


no. 2060. WOLFRAMITE, BERAUNITE, AND AXINITE—WHERRY. 507 


place in crystalline substances that adsorption does in colloids, and, 
indeed, is probably the same effect. At least it is among the elements 
the compounds of which show the greatest tendency to take on the 
colloidal form that mix crystal formation is most frequent. 

Tungsten and columbium are alike only in that both can act as 
anions toward the more strongly electro-positive elements, and dif- 
ferent in practically every other chemical property—in valence, 
behavior with reagents, ete.—so that they can not be expected to 
replace each other isomorphously. The most reasonable explanation 
of the condition of the columbium and tantalum oxides in wolframite 
is, then, that they are present as mix crystals, or, in other words, that 
the several point systems have interpenetrated to such an extent that 
they have become at least pseudohomogeneous.t Wolframite is of 
course not susceptible to optical examination, nor can any crystal 
angle measurements be made on the present specimens, but if they 
could be so studied effects such as those shown by other mix crystals 
would no doubt be observed. Such intergrowth produces marked 
effects on the crystal angles of the columbite group of minerals, 
which, as will be more fully explained elsewhere, are probably to be 
regarded as composed of mix crystals of a very few fundamental 
compounds; the principal ones, the compositions of which are 
R’’Cb,O, and R’’Ta,0,, are trimorphous, having isometric, tetragonal, 
and orthorhombic forms; so that, even admitting that the analyses 
of members of this group are to some degree correct, the number of 
“species” into which it should be separated is greatly overestimated. 

In summary, two wolframites have been analyzed and their compo- 
sitions discussed, astandard nomenclature for such isomorphous mix- 
tures recommended, and the columbium and tantalum oxides found 
shown to most probably exist in mix crystal form. 


A NEW OCCURRENCE OF BERAUNITE. 


The rare iron phosphate beraunite was discovered near Hellertown, 
Northampton County, Pennsylvania, by the department of geology 
of Lehigh University in 1911. The exact locality is the northeast 
corner of an abandoned iron-ore pit, 1 mile southeast of the center 
of the town. It was analyzed by Mr. J. S. Long, assistant in the 
department of chemistry, and later more thoroughly studied by Mr. 
Louis H. Koch, assistant in mineralogy, as part of the work for his 
degree of master of science at Lehigh. Specimens were brought by 
the writer to the United States National Museum (Cat. No. 87284), 
and further investigated and the combined results of all the work 
are here presented. 


1The apparent excess of iron oxides, if not due to analytical errors, may be explained in the same way, 
which would be favored by their similar crystallization: Prior, Mineralogical Magazine, vol. 13, 1903, p. 217. 


508 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47. 


The material shows a deep brown nodular crust up to 5 mm. 
thick, and flat radiations up to 1 cm. in diameter, on the surface of 
an iron-stained quartzite. In some specimens it bears implanted 
globules of psilomelane, yellow needles of cacoxenite, and powdery 
clay. Internally the crusts are coarsely fibrous, with the fibers 
perpendicular to the surface, and the material was evidently origi- 
nally a gelatinous precipitate, which has become hard and crystalline 
in place, thus representing a ‘‘meta-colloid,’’ as defined by the 
writer in a recent paper.! 

After a preliminary analysis (1) had shown the general nature of 
the mineral, material for further study was obtained by crushing 
selected fragments, and the powder looked completely crystalline 
and homogeneous under the microscope, except for the presence of 
a trace of clay or fine sand. Standard methods of analysis were 
used, the iron being determined with permanganate, the manganese 
by the bismuthate and the Ford methods, and the phosphorus weighed 
aS Magnesium pyrophosphate after separation by molybdate. A 
small amount of water—less than 0.5 per cent—was given off below 
100°, and the analyses were made on coarsely powdered material 
dried at this temperature, for the fineness of the grinding and the 
humidity of the air were found to have a distinct effect on the water 


content. 
Table of analyses. 


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 
MELO prs ee eh es AE Aye: bie 42.91 52.65 55.61 57. 80 4.5 
Mins Ogee tte ne ee 15.25 3. 88 1. 80 1. 66 aie ee | 50.5 
TRO eighteen OE Bet MER a oth 28.10 29. 27 28. 53 27. 43 28. 33 28. 71 3.2 
TE 0) sehen pnt en algel eg. Mean 2 MRS 10. 01 13. 59 13. 54 12. 60 12. 43 12. 60 22.1 
SiO ss e ee ciate ane RE 4. 02 0.71 0.34 0.55 1 ae eee 12.0 


1. Analysis by J. S. Long. 

2. Analysis by Louis H. Koch. 

3,4. Analyses by the writer. 

5. Average of the preceding, uniting Fe203 and Mn2O3, which are evidently isomorphous. 

6. Same, corrected by removing the SiOgand recalculating to 100°. Ratios, Re03:P205: HzO =1.82:1:3.47. 

7. Partial analysis of the associated psilomelane, by Mr. Long. Alkalies and alkaline earths present but 
not determined. 


These analytical results apparently do not indicate any simple, 
fixed formula for the mineral, nor do they establish its identity with 
any previously described species; although inspection of the analy- 
ses, and the formulas derived from them, of the various ‘‘species”’ 
of ferric phosphates in Dana’s System, shows that similar difficulties 
have been encountered in this group of minerals before. The Heller- 
town mineral agrees in specific gravity and optical properties, how- 


1Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1914, p. 112. 


no. 2060. WOLFRAMITE, BERAUNITE, AND AXINITE—WHERRY. 509 


ever, with beraunite. The specific gravity, determined by a pycno- 
meter, varied from 2.850 to 2.920; Dana gives 2.95. The indices 
of refraction were found to be approximately a and 8=1.78, y=1.81, 
extinction straight (elongated parallel to b.), and sign of elonga- 
tion —. No optical data have been published for beraunite, but Dr. 
E. S. Larsen, of the United States Geological Survey, kindly exam- 
ined for comparison a specimen of the variety ‘‘eleonorite” (U.S.N.M. 
Cat. No. 80622) from the type-locality at Giessen, Germany, and 
obtained the values: a=1.775, B=1.786, 7 =1.815, which are essen- 
tially the same as those above given. 

Two possible explanations of the variation in composition shown 
suggest themselves. The first, that the law of definite proportions 
does not hold in this, and other iron phosphates, would be capable 
of introducing a rather chaotic condition into mineral chemistry, 
and seems entirely improbable. If the mineral were a colloid, how- 
ever, the results could at once be interpreted in a second way—that 
the mineral is an adsorption compound of ferric and manganic 
hydroxides with phosphoric oxide and water. It is, however, a 
meta-colloid, that is, a colloid which has become crystalline without 
dissolving or losing its solidity. If, when this crystallization took 
place, the adsorbed constituents united as well as they could into 
definite compounds which formed mix crystals (or, as it is often 
called, solid solution), the results obtained could easily be accounted 
for. 

The R,O,:P,0, ratio shown here varies from 1.72:1 in No. 2 to 
1.93:1 in No. 1, while that indicated by the best previous beraunite 
analyses is 1.50:1, and the best dufrenite analyses, 2.00:1. The 
simplest explanation of the variation and indefinite ratios shown 
by the specimens under investigation is that they represent mix 
crystals (solid solutions) of these two fundamental compounds. The 
dufrenite molecule is in excess over the beraunite, although the 
properties are those of the latter mineral; it might therefore be called 
dufreniberaunite. 


AXINITE FROM DELAWARE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 


In the pegmatite cutting the granite gneiss of the Leiper Quarry at 
Avondale, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, an occurrence of the min- 
eral axinite has been discovered, certain features of which are so 
unusual that it has seemed worth while to make it the subject of 
special study and description. It was in fact at first supposed to be a 
new mineral, and its true character was only recognized toward the 
end of the investigation. 

Specimen 1 (U.S.N.M. Cat. No. 87232) consists of three small frag- 
ments, showing a columnar mineral with a resinous luster, of a pale 
yellow to salmon pink color, associated with pink microcline, granular 


510 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47. 


quartz, and muscovite. It was found at the locality in 1904, and 
analyzed by the writer when beginning the study of quantitative 
analysis. The results, given in column 1a in the table below, showed 
it to have a composition distinctly different from that of any pre- 
viously known mineral, although, because of lack of experience, it is 
probable that they are not altogether accurate, some silica having no 
doubt been weighed with the sesquioxides, and some manganese with 
the calcium or magnesium; but the boric acid, having been determined 
by the writer’s volumetric method,! is probably exact. The matter 
was then laid aside because of the pressure of other work, but when 
the writer became connected with the Museum, it was taken up again. 
To obtain a check on the previous analysis, all the mineral that could 
still be broken from the specimens, amounting to less than half a 
gram, was sent to Mr. J. E. Whitfield, of the firm of Booth, Garrett 
& Blair, of Philadelphia, who has been doing considerable analy- 
tical work for the Museum, and his results are given in column 16. 

Meanwhile a mass of yellow plates, about 4 by 2 by 1 cm. in size, 
was found at the quarry by Mr. J. Watts Mercur, jr., of Wallingford, 
Pennsylvania. (U.S.N.M. Cat. No. 87233). Although showing no 
planes definite enough for crystallographic measurement, this ma- 
terial had the aspect of axinite, and the same specific gravity, 
3.250. A clear fragment was sent to Mr. Whitfield for analyis, and 
he obtained the results in column 2a; but as the boric acid seemed 
rather low, probably owing to incomplete decomposition, two deter- 
minations were made by the writer, and 5.98 and 6.09, average 6.04, 
obtained (column 20). Using this value, the agreement with the 
theory for axinite is so close as to leave no doubt that it is the mineral 
represented. 

The question as to whether No. 1 was a new mineral, or only an im- 
pure axinite, remained unsolved, so powder from both specimens was 
submitted to microscopic examination. No.2 showed a mean index of 
refraction of 1.680, birefringence 0.008, and sign —, thus agreeing 
with typical axinite. The greater part of No. 1 gave essentially the 
same values, but scattered through this material could be seen 
pinkish, pleochroic grains with a much higher index, 1.700, but still 
lower birefringence, 0.005, showing, in fact, ultrablue interference 
colors, also extinguishing straight and + in sign. These properties 
identified it as zoisite, a mineral which had previously been reported 
from the locality.2 Here, then, was the explanation of the difference 
between analyses la and 10, as well as their deviation from the theory 
for axinite: the material is not homogeneous, but contains a variable 

1 Journ. Amer, Chem. Soc., vol 30, 1908, p. 1687. 
2 Cardeza, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1892, p. 194; discovered by Miss Mary S. Holmes. <A small speci- 


men of this mineral, not associated with axinite, collected by the writer about 1906, has also been added 
to the Museum collection (Cat. No. 87234). 


no. 2060. WOLFRAMITE, BERAUNITE, AND AXINITE—WHERRY. 51 


amount of intergrown zoisite. And the theoretical composition of 
a mixture of 80 per cent axinite with 20 per cent zoisite, given in the 
last column, corresponds, in a general way, with the analytical results. 


Table of analyses. 


la 1b 2a 2b 3 4 

(CHO). oa a sSboscuspqoosere sebeeoSeseeesceac 22. 47 20. 00 1 eecmocsas 19. 66 20. 48 
WON 5s Sooo Scboccasecbre se co= pos oyscnasesc 3. 26 5.19 LON | Seer 9. 94 5.17 
TIO) 3555 Son esrb nao oe de Sonanee Sean ee eeocacS 3.39 3.16 Sie) lscccaceese 2. 49 5.19 
WIKO)s 5S oscessscscesencce fo ee nance nec ee nen eee= 2. 68 1.55 TEC) Uo bebosoeod| Sascsocdas Sescsssdas 
K,0 SANS SAO pon eae heen ooo oASe eos seep ae 0. 65 TG st [ees Seethe eee owes | eee oete boumesneee 
HETia Ose ares eee oie e iste ae eres eto minimsate clare 1.76 n.d. (hay Ol bosdeoseas 1,58 1.65 
ISO Figs setno nee eee SaoeeeaacrSerosoroesasts [22. 93) 22. 64 ifs Us} |iscocssenss 17.91 20. 54 
Bg O geete cea ste tee ac icinte een See else 5. 45 maid: 3. 14 6. 04 6.14 5.12 
(SHON. osc non ese aeac eden Be seco SSORCuaeeEcrE 37. 41 42.92 ADD Ss | Sectere sin iaral= 42. 28 41.85 

100. 00 (95. 46) YEE? | lbecnooncec 100. 00 100. 00 


1a. Analysis of a portion of specimen 1, by the writer; MnO and SiOz probably too low. 

1b. Analysis of another sample from the same, by Mr. Whitfield. 

2a. Analysis of axinite, specimen 2, by Mr. Whitfield. 

2b. Result of determination of boric oxide in the same, by the writer. 

3. Theoretical composition of an axinite in which Mn:Fe = 4:1. Compare with 2a and 20. 

4. Theoretical composition of an axinite in which the Mn:Fe ratio is 1:1, mixed with 20 per cent of zoisite. 
Compare with 1a and 10. 


To find zoisite and axinite intimately intergrown is rather unex- 
pected, but unfortunately the material available is too limited to study 
the relations between them. It looks as if the zoisite had determined 


the columnar habit, as well as the pinkish color, and so given reason 
for the original supposition that a new mineral was represented. 


“ ds iN ee Me Bris 
tf a | cS vey iw 


a 


VESPOID AND SPHECOID HYMENOPTERA COLLECTED IN 
GUATEMALA BY W. P. COCKERELL. 


By S. A. Ronwer, 
Of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture, 


Shortly after Mrs. Cockerell returned from Guatemala in 1912, 
Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell referred to me, for naming, all the wasps 
which had been collected; but, due to the fact that very little time 
could be spent in studying this collection, it was not until recently 
that all the species have been worked up. The following is a report 
of every species submitted. As will be seen, a number of them were 
undescribed, and descriptions of these have been added. 

The collection, as here reported upon, has been given to the United 
States National Museum by Professor Cockerell. 

POLISTES INSTABILIS Saussure. 

Two workers were collected February, 1912, one from Gualan and 

one from Quirigua, Guatemala. 
NECTARINA LECHEGUANA (Latreille). 

Two workers collected at Amatitlan, Guatemala. 
PARACHARTERGUS APICALIS (Fabricius). 

Two females collected at Guatemala City, Guatemala, and one 
female collected at Gualan, Guatemala, February 10, 1912. 
PSEUDOCHARTERGUS CHARTERGOIDES (Gribodo). 

One worker collected at Quirigua, Guatemala, on flowers of Zerme- 
ma virgulata. 

This is the first record of this species north of Panama. 

POLYBIA OCCIDENTALIS (Olivier). 

Five specimens collected at Gualan, Guatemala, and five at Quiri- 
gua, Guatemala, one on flowers of Ipomoea quinquefolia. 

Most of these specimens are rather darker than the typical form, 
the yellow bands on the abdomen being narrower and the yellow of 
the metanotum being reduced or in two cases wanting. 

POLYBIA SIMILLIMA Smith. 
Two workers collected at Guatemala City, Guatemala. 
Not hitherto recorded from Guatemala. 

STELOPOLYBIA MERIDIONALIS R. Ihering. 

One worker collected at Guatemala City, one at Quirigua, two at 
Gualan, on flowers of Verononia aschenbormana, and one at Ama- 
titlan, Guatemala, February, 1912. 


—_—— 


PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 47—No. 2061. 
34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——33 513 


514 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47, 


STELOPOLYBIA ANGULATA (Fabricius). 
One worker from Antigua, one from Amatitlan, Guatemala. 
This species ‘is new to Guatemala. 

STELOPOLYBIA CYANNENSIS (Fabricius). 
Three workers from Antigua, Guatemala. 

EUMENES SANTA-ANNA Saussure. 

One female from Quirigua, Guatemala, on flowers of Centrosema 
plumiert, collected February 11, 1912. 

PACHYODYNERUS NASIDENS (Latreille). 

Two females from Quirigua, Guatemala; one male from Gualan, 
Guatemala, collected February 16, 1912. 

STENODYNERUS HUASTECUS Saussure. 

Two females from Quirigua, Guatemala, one on flowers of Zeamenia 
virgulata. This differs from description only in haying the apical 
margin of clypeus black. 

STENODYNERUS TOTONACUS Saussure. 

One female from Guatemala City, Guatemala. 
ALASTOROIDES MEXICANUS Saussure. 

One female collected at Quirigua, Guatemala. 

TRICHRYSIS TRIDENS Lepeletier. 
One specimen from Quirigua, Guatemala. 
DASYMUTILLA, species. 

One male from Quirigua, Guatemala. 

A small black species which does not seem to be described. 
TIPHIA TRICHIOSOMA Cameron? 

One female from Quirigua, Guatemala; one male from Antigua, 
Guatemala. 

This agrees in most points with the original description of 
trichiosoma Cameron, but there are a few trivial differences, so it is 
impossible to make the determination certain. 

CAMPSOMERIS DIVES (Provancher). 

Specimen from Gualan, Guatemala, on flowers of Tithonia diversi- 

folia. 
CAMPSOMERIS TRIFASCIATA (Fabricius). 

Two males from Antigua, Guatemala, 
CAMPSOMERIS DORSATA (Fabricius). 

Three males from Gualan, Guatemala, one on flowers of Calopogo- 
nium coeruleum and one on flowers of Vernonia aschenborniana, the 
other without flower record; one male from Quirigua, Guatemala. 
PEPSIS AURANTICORNIS R. Lucas. 

A male and female from Quirigua, Guatemala. 

PEDINASPIS (PEDINASPIS) MARGARETELLA, new species. 

Male.—Length, 11 mm. Slender. Clypeus truncate apically, the 
sides nearly parallel-sided, surface finely granular with one or two 
large punctures interspread; malar space obsolete; inner margins of 
the eyes converging to the clypeus, front seen from the side gently 
rounding upward to the vertex; posterior margin of the head straight, 
the cheeks broader than the posterior orbits above, rounding pos- 


No. 2061. HYMENOPTERA FROM GUATEMALA—ROHWER. 515 


teriorly; ocelli in a low triangle; the postocellar line distinctly 
shorter than the ocellocular line; lateral ocelli slightly below the 
supraorbital line, latrad and caudad of each lateral ocellus is a circular 
fovea; antennae long, filiform, the third joint slightly shorter than the 
fourth; pronotum very slightly converging anteriorly, angulately 
emarginate posteriorly; propodeum much elongate, sloping poste- 
riorly, with a median raised line, the surface finely granular; legs very 
feebly spined; claws with an erect inner tooth; the longer calcarium 
of the posterior tibia less than half the length of the post-basitarsus; 
abdomen cylindrical, first segment slightly narrowed anteriorly, sub- 
equal in length with the second; third cubital cell slightly longer than 
the second on the radius, the recurrent veins nearly in the middle of 
the cells; transverse median of the fore wings its own length beyond 
the basal vein; transverse median of the hind wings nearly intersti- 
tial with the cubitus. Black; a rectangular yellow spot on the lower 
inner orbits; wings strongly dusky with a faint purplish tinge; vena- 
tion dark brown basally, pale brown apically; abdomen and propo- 
deum with fine appressed silvery pile. 

Guatemala City, Guatemala. Two males collected February, 1912, 
by W. P. Cockerell. 

Type.—Cat. No. 15087 U.S.N.M. 

The broad cheeks, the flat thorax, especially the propodeum, give 
this insect a curious appearance and it is likely that a new genus will 
have to be made for it. 

ARACHNOPHROCTONUS COCKERELLAE, new species. 

This species may be separated from ferrugineus (Say) by the clear 
wings and different relation of the ocelli. 

Male.—Length, 10.5 mm. Clypeus gently convexed, anterior mar- 
gin truncate, the lateral margin rounded; inner margin of the eyes 
slightly emarginate; the distance between them at vertex is less than 
the distance between them at the clypeus; an impressed line from 
anterior ocellus to between the bases of the antennae (this line is much 
stronger as it nears the antennae and is broader just in front of the 
ocellus); the front between the antennae raised into a convexed 
mound; postocellar line a trifle shorter than the ocellocular line; 
antennae longer than the head and thorax, filiform, third and fourth 
joints subequal in length; posterior margin of the pronotum broadly 
arcuately emarginate; the dorsal aspect of the propodeum without 
hair or pubescence; posterior aspect of the propodeum with irregu- 
larly scattered black hair; transverse median of fore wings intersti- 
tial with the basal vein; second cubital cell subequal in length with 
the third on the cubitus; third cubital cell strongly narrowed above 
so its length on the radius is less than the distance between the second 
recurrent vein and the second transverse cubitus; transverse median 


516 © PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 47. 


of hind wings interstitial; legs feebly spined; all claws cleft. Rufo- 
ferruginous; flagellum, sutures of the mesothorax, mesosternum, pro- 
podeum dorsally, apical margins of the first and second tergites and 
the base of the first tergite black; wings hyaline, extreme tip dusky; 
venation strong, black. 

Gualan, Guatemala. One male collected February 12, 1912, W. P. 
Cockerell. 

Type—Cat. No. 16028, U.S.N.M. 

EPISYRON PORUS (Fox). 

One specimen from Quirigua, Guatemala. 
STIZUS GODMANI Cameron. 

Male and female from Quirigua, Guatemala; two males and one 
female from Gualan, Guatemala, on flowers of Iresine paniculata. 
MICROBEMBEX TARSALIS, new species. 

This species falls in Handlirsch’s table nearest to monodonta, but is 
not monodonta or any other subspecies which has been described 
under this head. 

Female.—Length, 12mm. Labrum sharply tapering to a narrow, 
truncate apex; clypeus strongly convex medianly; the inner margins 
of the eyes slightly converging towards the clypeus; head finely 
granular with a few punctures interspread, vertex depressed later- 
ally; third antennal joint distinctly longer than the fourth; meso- 
scutum shining, with distinct, fine, separated punctures; scutum 
similarly punctured; propodeum finely granular; tarsal comb well 
defined; second and third tarsal joints, reduced beneath into strong 
tubercule; abdomen shining, under high magnification, punctato- 
reticulate. Black; anterior margin of the clypeus, sides of the labrum 
posterior margin of the pronotum, tubercules, tegulae, spot above, 
spot on the sides of the scutellum, metanotum, transverse spot on the 
dorsal apex of the propodeum; apical bands on the first, second, 
third, fourth, and fifth tergites, yellow or yellowish white; legs black; 
apices of the femora, bases of the tibiae yellow; tarsi ferruginous; 
wings hyaline; venation pale brown, costa and stigma dark brown. 

Male.—Length, 12 mm. This agrees well with the above de- 
scription of the female in its general structure and in color markings 
except that the colors are greenish yellow; the mesoscutum has two 
median yellow dots; the bands on the tergite are broader, that on the 
first indentate medianly, that on the second, third, and fourth slightly 
produced medianly; the tooth on the second sternite low, with a short 
hook posteriorly; apical sternite sharply triangular in outline. 

Quirigua, Guatemala, and Gualan, Guatemala. Described from 
one female, type, collected at flowers of Ipomoea sidaefolia, February 
20, 1912; and one male, allotype, collected at Gualan, February 16, 
1912, by W. P. Cockerell. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16027, U.S.N.M. 


No. 2061. HYMENOPTERA FROM GUATEMALA—ROHWER. 517 


STICTIA GUATEMALEWNSIS, new species. 

This species runs in Handlirsch’s table to grandis Pian ieach, from 
which it may be readily separated, as the following description will 
show: 

Female—Length, 13 mm. Labrum gradually narrowing to the 
truncate apex; clypeus with a strong median carina, the anterior 
margin truncate; third antennal joint a little shorter than the fourth 
and fifth; anterior ocellus in a pit; thorax closely, finely granular; 
anterior tarsi flattened, the basal joint longer than the three following; 
femora simple; legs feebly spined; empodia large, well defined; 
abdomen shining, under high magnification finely reticulate; apical 
tergite studded basally with a number of strong spines. Black; 
clypeus, labrum, supraclypeal area, antennal fovez, inner margins of 
the eyes almost to the vertex, a U-shaped spot inclosing the ocelli, 
a line on the posterior orbits broader beneath, posterior margin of the 
pronotum, tubercule, ventral margin of the pronotum, a broad band 
from beneath tegule to the anterior margin of the mesepisternum, a 
band from the median coxae to the above-mentioned band, the mesepi- 
meron below, spot on the sides of the propodeum, two marks on the 
scutum, and a transverse mark on the scutum in front of the scutellum, 
two spots on the sides of the scutellum, metanotum, posterior margin 
of the propodeum, an elongate, longitudinal, lateral spot on the first 
tergite, two median subcircular spots on the same tergite, bands on 
the second, third, fourth, and fifth tergites which are subinterrupted 
medianly and with sublateral prong which projects anteriorly to the 
basal margin of the tergite, sides of the last tergite, and all the stern- 
ites, yellow or yellowish white; legs yellow, the femora above with a 
black line, and a black spot on the posterior margin of thefour anterior 
tibie, the four posterior femora except where mentioned are rufo- 
ferruginous; scape and first flagellar joint yellow beneath, the second 
and following joints of the flagellum ferruginous beneath; wings 
hyaline; venation brown. 

Antigua, Guatemala, and Guatemala City, Guatemala. Described 
from two females, the type from Antigua, both collected by W. P. 
Cockerell. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16026, U.S.N.M. 

SILAON IRESINIDES, new species. 

Belongs to the group chilensis and is related to mexicanus Rohwer, 
but may be separated from mezxicanus by the tridentate clypeal lobe. 

Male.—Length, 6 mm. Clypeus strongly carinate, median ante- 
rior lobe strongly tridentate; head coarsely, closely granular; posto- 
cellar line one-third longer than the oceliocular line; flagellum thick- 
ening apically, the first joint slightly longer than the second, the 
apical joint acuminate and slightly longer than the dorsal length of 
the two preceding joints; mesoscutum shining, studded with close, 
well-defined, medium sized punctures; mesepisternum coarsely granu- 


518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


lar; scutellum granular; dorsal aspect of the propodeum with irregu- 
lar radiating striae; sides of the propodeum with fine striae; posterior 
aspect with irregular, transverse striae; tergites shining, with sparse, 
well-defined punctures; the apical margin depressed about one-third, 
the depression broader medianly; apical tergite more coarsely punc- 
tured than the preceding ones; apical sternite broadly rounded to a 
minutely emarginate apex. Black; pronotum, tubercule, tegulae, 
metanotum, apices of the four anterior femora (broader beneath), 
the four anterior tibiae, the apices of the tarsi beneath, extreme apex 
of the posterior femora, and the narrow line on the posterior tibiae 
and most of the posterior tarsi yellowish; flagellum at about the middle 
brownish; face, thorax, and depressed area on the tergites with ap- 
pressed golden pile; wings dusky hyaline, the bases slightly darker; 
venation pale brown, costa and stigma dark brown. 

Gualan, Guatemala. Described from one male collected on flow- 
ers of Jresine paniculata, by W. P. Cockerell. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16025, U.S.N.M. 

TACHYSPHEX COCKERELLAE, new species. 

This species is quite distinct by the dentation on the clypeus and 
the puncturation. 

Male.—Length, 8 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus produced 
in the middle, production sharply angled and with a median tooth, 
surface of the clypeus finely punctured laterally, with large separate 
punctures medianly; above each antenna is a faint carina which 
extends dorsally for a short distance and then curves laterally until 
it is tangent with a line drawn from the antennal foveae and touching 
inner orbits of the eye at the vertex; head with close distinct punc- 
tures; frontal median line present; intraocellar area divided by a 
broad furrow; distance between the eyes at the vertex slightly shorter 
than the length of the third and fourth antennal joints; a Y-shaped 
depression behind the lateral ocelli; vertex more sparsely punctured 
than the front; antennae rather short, third joint distinctly shorter 
than the fourth; mesonotum sculptured like the front; scutellum 
more sparsely punctured than the mesonotum; dorsal aspect of the 
propodeum rather coarsely punctato-reticulate, posterior aspect of 
the propodeum perpendicular but not sharply separated from the 
dorsal aspect, finely, transversely striato-punctate; longer calcarium 
of the posterior tibiae about three-fourths the length of the hind 
basitarsus; abdomen shiny; the apical margin of the first three ter- 
gites depressed more than one-third the length of the segment; apical 
ventral segment deeply, arcuately emarginate, the lobes narrow, 
pointed at the apex. Black; abdomen rufous; the apical three joints 
of the hind tarsi piceous; head and thorax densely clothed with gray 
pubescence; wings dusky hyaline; costa and stigma dark brown; 
venation pale brown. 


No. 2061. HYMENOPTERA FROM GUATEMALA—ROHWER. 519 


Amatitlan, Guatemala. Described from two males collected by 
W. P. Cockerell, February, 1912. Type collected February 5, para- 
type, without definite date. 

Type.—Cat. No. 15086, U.S.N.M. 

NOTOGONIDEA STERNALIS, new species. 

Of the described species this species comes nearest to beata Came- 
ron, but may be separated from that species by having the scape 
distinctly longer than the second and third joints. 

Male.—Length, 7 mm. Clypeus carinate medianly, the median 
portion produced into a broad, low lobe; frontal ridges strong; third 
antennal joint slightly shorter than the fourth; eyes separated at 
the vertex by a distance slightly longer than the length of the second 
and third antennal joints; depression behind the ocelli not sharply 
defined; head very finely granular, opaque; thorax finely granular, 
opaque; propodeum slightly more coarsely granular; the dorsal and 
posterior surfaces separated by a sharp carina which is emarginate 
medianly; the posterior face without striae; legs feebly spined, the 
longer calcarium of the posterior tibiae subequal in length with the 
basitarsis; second, third, and fourth sternites with coarse, reddish hair 
near the middle; this hair is denser on the third sternite; apical 
sternite broad, nearly truncate, lateral angles rounded and in the 
middle very slightly emarginate; third cubital cell slightly longer 
than the second on the radius. Black; covered with a fine gray pile 
which on abdominal segments takes the form of apical bands, and 
is denser on the posterior aspect of the propodeum, and the face 
below the crest; wings hyaline, with a strong purplish tinge, apices 
dusky; venation pale brown except the costa and stigma which are 
black. 

Gualan, Guatemala. Described from one male collected February 
15, 1912, by W. P. Cockerell. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16023, U.S.N.M. 

NYSSON (BRACHYSTEGUS) GUATEMALENSIS, new species. 

Differs from Nysson zapotecus Cresson, as described by him, in the 
color of the legs. 

Female—Length, 7 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus gently 
rounded, surface obscured with dense pubescence; frontal carina 
short, extending about half the distance from the bases of the antennae 
to the anterior ocellus; head finely granular with large, distinct, sepa- 
rate punctures interspread; anterior ocellus larger than lateral ocelli; 
inside of each lateral ocellus is a raised tubercule; postocellar line 
slightly longer than the ocellocular line; antenne thickened apically, 
the third joint slightly longer than the fourth; lateral anterior margin 
of the pronotum dentate; mesonotum bipunctate, surface with very 
small, distinct punctures, the large punctures are separate and distinct; 
the large punctures on the scutellum are confluent; mesepisternum 


520 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


coarsely reticulate; dorsal aspect of the propodeum with oblique 
longitudinal carinae, posterior face with the usual V-shaped fovea; 
abdomen opaque with a number of large separate punctures; legs of 
the normal type; pygidium about one and one-third times as long as 
the basal width, gradually narrowed to a subtruncate apex; third 
cubital cell on the radius but little shorter than the distance between 
the second transverse cubitus and the first recurrent vein. Black; 
margin of the pronotum, tubercule, a line on the anterior portion of 
the scutellum, narrowed apically bands on the first to the fourth seg- 
ments, interrupted on the second and fifth, yellowish white; legs 
black, the four anterior femora beneath and the posterior femora 
entirely rufous; head and thorax with dense, appressed, silvery pile; 
wings dusky hyaline, iridescent; venation dark brown. 

Amatitlan, Guatemala. Described from one female collected by 
W. P. Cockerell, February, 1912. 

Type.—Cat. No. 15083, U.S.N.M. 

NOTOGLOSSA PYRURA, new species. 

Judging from the descriptions this species is closely allied to argen- 
teopilosus Cameron but may be easily separated from it by the squamae 
which have the inner posterior margin lobate with the lobe extending 
posteriorly beyond the curved spine. 

Female.—Length,4 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus truncate 
in the middle, biemarginate laterally so there is a lateral, triangularly- 
shaped tooth; clypeus sparsely punctured; the interantennal line 
shghtly shorter than the antennocular line; head subshiny with well 
separated, distinct, medium sized punctures; ocelli in a low triangle; 
the ocellocular line distinctly shorter than the interocellar line; inner 
orbits slightly depressed and more sparsely punctured than the rest of 
the head; antennae short, the third antennal joint slightly longer than 
the fourth; anterior margin of the pronotum sharply carinate, inter- 
rupted in the middle, laterally subdentate; mesonotum sculptured 
like the head; mesepisternum shiny, punctate above, striato-punc- 
tate below; squamae and spines about as in argenteopilosus Cameron 1 
but differs as mentioned above; dorsal aspect of the propodeum with 
five oblique carinae; posterior aspect of the propodeum defined later- 
ally by sharp carinae, transversely striato-punctate; the median fovea 
U-shaped with the carina from its apex to the ventral aspect of the 
posterior face; anterior femora simple; bases of four posterior tibiae 
rather coarsely spined, the longer calcarium of the posterior tibiae but 
little shorter than the post-basitarsis; abdomen shiny with distinct 
well separated punctures, basal segment depressed in the middle; 
pygidium broad, the surface rugose, the apex narrowly rounded. 
Black; mandibles, apex of scape, pronotum, tubercules, two spots on 


1 Figured on pl. 9, fig. 23a, Biol. Centr.-Amer., vol. 2, Hym. 


No. 2061. HYMENOPTERA FROM GUATEMALA—ROH WER. 591 


the scutellum, narrow lateral spots on the first to fourth tergites, the 
apices of the four anterior femora beneath, the four anterior tibiae 
except a line above, basal spot on the posterior tibiae externally, 
yellow; tegula piceous; sqamae, spines, and calcaria pallid; flagellum 
beneath, the three apical joints above and the anterior tarsi fuscous; 
wings hyaline, faintly dusky, strongly iridescent; venation dark 
brown; apical abdominal segment bright red. 

Male.—Length, 3.5 mm. A single specimen which for the time 
being may be considered as the male of the species, differs from the 
female as described above in the following characters: The fovea of 
the posterior face of the propodeum V-shaped, the apex of the V 
being almost at the ventral margin of the posterior aspect of the 
propodeum; pronotum, tubercules and scutellum black; the four 
anterior tibiae and tarsi, the base of the posterior tibiae and the pos- 
terior tarsi yellow (the tarsi are rather paler). The apical dorsal 
segment of the abdomen angularly notched, the lobes triangular in 
outline. 

The spots on the second, third, and fourth tergites may be wanting 
or incomplete. 

Quirigua, Guatemala. Described from three females and one 
male collected by W. P. Cockerell, February, 1912, bearing the fol- 
lowing note, ‘‘nesting in sand.” 

Type.—Cat. No. 15085, U.S.N.M. 

RHOPALUM OPACUM, new species. 

Differs from Rhopalum spinigerus Cameron by the absence of the 
spines on the anterior femora and other characters, nor will it agree 
with the description of Rhopalum angulicolle Cameron, being easily 
distinguished from this species by the pale four anterior femora. 

Male.—Length, 4 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus regularly 
rounded, without teeth; distance between the eyes at the clypeus sub- 
equal with the length of the second and third antennal joints; head 
finely granular; an impressed line from the anterior ocellus to between 
the bases of the antennae; ocelli in an equilateral triangle; post- 
ocellar line distinctly shorter than the ocellocular line; third antennal 
joint much shorter than the fourth; pronotum long, rounded ante- 
riorly, neither dentate nor carinate; thorax opaque, finely granular; 
the suture between the metanotum and the propodeum strongly 
foveolate; propodeum finely granular; the four anterior legs normal, 
the posterior tibiae strongly curved beyond the basal fourth, posterior 
basitarsis curved basally, subequal in length with the two following 
joints; petiole not strongly nodose, not as long as the two following 
segments combined; first recurrent vein slightly beyond the middle 
of the first cubital cell; first transverse cubitus straight, not oblique. 
Black; mandibles, palpi, scape, flagellum beneath, tubercules, the 
apical lateral margin of the third tergite, the anterior legs, inter- 


599 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


mediate trochanters, femora and tibiae beneath and spot on the pos- 
terior trochanters yellowish; intermediate tarsi and basal fourth of 
posterior tibiae pallid; wings hyaline, very slightly dusky, strongly 
iridescent; venation dark brown. 

Quirigua, Guatemala. Described from one male collected by 
W. P. Cockerell, February, 1912. 

Type.—Cat. No. 15084, U.S.N.M. 
TRYPOXYLON AZTECUM Saussure. 

One female from Quirigua, Guatemala. 
TRYPOXYLON MEXICANUM Saussure. 

One female from Quirigua, Guatemala, February, 1912. 

Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell has described this specimen as follows: 

“Length about 20 mm.; anterior wing about 12; shining black, the 
front dull and rugose; clypeus longitudinally carinate, its lower 
lateral corners angled; sides of face, and inferior orbits behind, with 
shining silvery hair; mandibles ferruginous; antennae entirely black; 


emargination of eyes very deep; mesothorax with very fine punctures, 


scutellum almost impunctate on disk; hair of front, vertex, occiput 
and thorax short, scanty, and black; metathorax smooth and shining, 
with very feeble minute punctures, and a slight median groove, but 
the posterior part finely obliquely striate; tegulae shining black; 
wings dark fuliginous, with a purple iridescence; basal nervure falling 
short of transverse medial; stigma very small; marginal cell long, 
pointed at apex, angled beneath near middle; only two submarginal 
cells, the first extremely long, receiving first recurrent nervure some 
distance from end; second about half as large as first, about half as 
wide above as below, receiving second recurrent nervure about one- 
fourth of its length from base; outer angle formed by second recur- 
rent on joining second submarginal cell an acute angle; outer nervures 
of third discoidal and second submarginal cell evanescent; legs black, 
with the apical half of hind basitarsi, and the three following joints 
silver-white, with a creamy tint in some lights; last joint of hind tarsi 
with the base pale reddish, the apical part dark; hind spur bent; 
abdomen petiolate, elongate, smooth and shining, about 3 mm. wide 
in middle; a depression between first and second segments dorsally; 
no pygidial area; apical segment carinate; last ventral segment with 
fine light brownish tomentum and long erect hairs.” 
TRACHYPUS MEXICANUS (Cameron). 

Specimen from Quirigua, Guatemala, collected February 15, 1912, 
on Pontederia cordata. 
CERCERIS IRESINIDES, new species. 

This species does not agree with any of the species described by 
Cameron, and as it is a male its affinities can not be easily ascertained. 

Male.—Length, 6 mm. Clypeus flat, the anterior margin tri- 


crenulate, the lateral margin with strong tuft of hair; supraclypeal. 


no. 2061. HYMENOPTERA FROM GUATEMALA—ROH WER. 523 


tubercule poorly defined; postocellar line shorter by the width of the 
lateral ocellus than the ocellocular line; pedicellum globose; third 
antennal joint about one-fifth longer than the fourth; head closely, 
sometimes confluently punctured; mesonotum with distinct, well- 
defined, large punctures; mesepisternum with the punctures less 
distinct and closer than those on the scutum; propodeal inclosure 
smooth, impunctate, divided by a median furrow; the rest of the pro- 
podeum punctured similar to the scutum but more sparsely so; first 
tergite sparsely punctured with large, deep, well-defined punctures; 
pygidium slightly narrowing apically, elongate oval in outline, apex 
subtruncate. Black; clypeus, sides of face up to the top of the 
antennal foveae, scape beneath, two spots on the pronotum, line on the 
scutellum, line on the metanotum, the four anterior tibiae and tarsi, 
the basal third of the posterior tibiae, two-thirds of the posterior 
basitarsis, bands on the first, second, fourth, fifth, and sixth tergites, 
and lateral spots on the third tergite, yellow; the bands on the first 
and second tergites are much wider than those on the following ter- 
gites; head and thorax with gray hair; wings subhyaline, the area be- 
yond the basal vein and above the cubitus dusky; venation including 
stigma dark brown; flagellum orange colored beneath. 

Gualan, and Guatemala City, Guatemala. Described from two 
females from the first mentioned locality, one of which was collected 
at the flowers of Iresine paniculata and is chosen as the type; the other 
was collected February 18, 1912; and one male from the latter men- 
tioned locality, all collected by W. P. Cockerell. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16024, U.S.N.M. 


REPORT ON ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA WITH DESCRIP- 
TIONS OF NEW SPECIES. 


By Harry K. Harrine, 


Custodian of Rotatoria, United States National Museum. 


INTRODUCTION. 


This report is based on a large number of collections made by Dr. 
C. Dwight Marsh during the months of January and February, 1912. 
That no complete picture can be given of the rotatorian fauna of the 
Isthmus of Panama is self-evident, as all the collections were made 
during the dry season and but very little material was narcotized, so 
that the contractile forms were with few exceptions unrecognizable. 
However, the loricate species were abundant and furnished interesting 
material. The Isthmus is not a specially favorable collecting ground 
for aquatic invertebrates, as there are no lakes and but few permanent 
pools; nevertheless it will be seen from the list of Rotatoria that when 
suitable conditions are present the fauna is both abundant and varied. 

The following extract from Marsh ! will give some idea of the envi- 
ronment: 


The continental divide is close to the southern shore of the Isthmus. From the 
summit of the divide to high tide on the Pacific side is only about 6 miles. The slope 
consequently is very steep and whatever water falls runs away almost immediately. 
During the season when the collections were made there was practically no rain on this 
slope, so that it was difficult to find any fresh water. Consequently nearly all the 
collections on the southern slope within the limits of the Canal Zone were made either 
in water which had been artificially impounded or in the standing water in the deeper 
parts of streams that were otherwise dry. 

The northern slope extends from the divide to the Atlantic, a distance, in a straight 
line, of something over 30 miles. Two considerable rivers come into the Canal Zone 
from this slope, the Rio Chagres and Rio Trinidad. On the lower reaches of these 
rivers, and this is especially true of the Trinidad, are extensive swamps. The Chagres 
is a swift-flowing stream, sometimes torrential in character, and does not furnish a 
suitable environment for any extensive development of plankton organisms. The 
swamps form a suitable environment for plankton, but, connected together as they are, 
would not lead one to expect any great variety. 

Gatun Lake will eventually be a large body of water with a surface of 164 square 
miles and a depth of 47 feet. At the time the collections were made the lake was very 


1 Marsh, C. Dwight, Report on fresh-water Copepoda from Panama with descriptions of new species. 
Smiths. Mise. Coll., vol. 61, No. 3, 1913. 


PRocEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 47—No. 2062. 
529 


526 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


small. Especially careful collections were made in this lake and in the neighboring 
waters and in sufficient numbers to give a good idea of its flora and fauna. 

There are no natural lakes in the Canal Zone; the Canal Commission, however, has 
built for sanitary purposes a series of reservoirs and these, having been in existence for 
a considerable period, may be considered as lakes. Only the following three yielded 
Rotatoria in any considerable number: Rio Grande, built in 1906, elevation 240 feet, 
depth 50 feet; Camacho, built in 1907, elevation 370 feet, depth 45 feet; and Carabali 
or Gorgona, built in 1906, elevation 76 feet, depth 10 feet. While the Rio Grande is 
considered as constructed in 1906, it is really an old French reservoir which was built 
some time between 1882 and 1889 and has had a continuous existence since that time; 
it covers an area of 72.77 acres. 

These reservoirs were made by constructing dams in places where the waters of small 
streams could be impounded. The beds were cleared and after construction the shores 
were kept clear of vegetation to a distance of 50 or more feet from the margin. The 
reservoirs were all ‘‘plankton-poor.’? This is what would be expected from the 
environment, which produces permanent bottom stagnation. In cold climates the 
bottom waters of lakes have a more or less complete stagnation in the summer and in 
winter, the stagnation being more complete in the smaller bodies of water in which 
winds have no opportunity to produce bottom currents, but in spring and in fall, 
because of the change in temperature, there is a complete overturning of the water. 
No such change, of course, takes place under the constant temperature conditions of 
the Canal Zone, so that only the surface water contains the oxygen which is necessary 
for the life of plankton organisms. While the foregoing statement is true in regard to 
the general conditions of the waters of the reservoirs, it must not be understood as 
meaning literally that the oxygen content always diminishes in exact ratio to the 
depth; local and meteorological causes may produce some modifications of the general 
statement. This has been discussed by Downes, who gives a series of charts of dis- 
solved oxygen.} 


For preserving the collections two different mixtures of alcohol and 
formalin solution were used by Doctor Marsh, one of equal parts of 50 
per cent alcohol and 5 per cent formalin, another of equal parts of 75 
per cent alcohol and 5 per cent formalin. In the matter of producing 
recognizable material of the illoricate species of Rotatoria they are 
on the same footing; only narcotizing will do that. But an alcoholic 
mixture is far better for the subsequent sorting out of the material, 
which necessarily contains a certain amount of plant débris; if a 
straight formalin solution is used, this débris sticks to the animals so 
that it is almost impossible to clean them. An alcoholic preservative, 
on the contrary, leaves everything free and it is a comparatively 
simple matter to pick out the animals. The strength of the alcohel 
does not appear to be very important; probably 75 per cent alcohol 
is as good as any. 

To facilitate reference the localities yielding large collections of 
Rotatoria are numbered as below and the number added in parenthesis 
after the record of each species. 

1. From the railroad bridge over water in Black Swamp; now 
_ submerged in Gatun Lake. 


1 Downes, J. R., A study of the water supplies of the Isthmus of Panama. Proc. Canal Zone Med. Ass., 
Mount Hope, C. Z., vol. 3, pp. 133-150, 7 pls. 


No. 2062. NEW ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA—HARRING. 527 


2 Pool covered with algae, near the railroad, between Black 
Swamp and Gatun; now submerged in Gatun Lake. 

3. Creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir; clogged with weeds 
covered with Nostoc, etc. 

4. Stagnant pool at the end of Canal cut, Empire. At the time 
the collections were made it was nearly dry and green with algae; 
when filled the pool is probably 5 or 6 feet deep. 

5. Rio Grande Reservoir, near the railroad bridge. 

6. Rio Grande, collections from the river. 

7. Pond west of Rio Chagres at Bohio. Formed by a dam built 
by the French. Water lilies along shore; the collections were made 
in the middle, where the water was clear. 

8. Pond east of the Canal, east of Empire. About 2 acres in 
area; surrounded by grass growing out from the shore in such masses 
that it will nearly support the weight of a man. 

9. Rio Trinidad, below Agua Clara, about 1 mile from mouth; 
now part of Gatun Lake. 

10. Rio Trinidad, just above Agua Clara; now part of Gatun Lake. 

11. Rio Trinidad, opposite Escoval, in weeds along shore; now 
part of Gatun Lake. 

12. Pond north of fill work at Miraflores; really back water of 
Rio Camitillo. 

LIST OF THE SPECIES COLLECTED. 


NOTCMMATA AURITA (Miiller). 


A single recognizable specimen in a collection from a pond north 
of the fill work at Miraflores, formed by back water of Rio Camitillo 


@): 


NOTOMMATA CERBERUS (Gosse). 


Several specimens, of which one was fully extended, occurred in a 
creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (3). 


NOTOMMATA COPEUS Ehrenberg. 


Common in a slow stream in garden of Isthmian Canal Commis- 
sion, Empire; also in a collection from the railroad bridge over 
Black Swamp (1). 


NOTOMMATA PSEUDOCERBERUS de Beauchamp. 


A single specimen from a pool near the railroad, between Black 
Swamp and Gatun (2); another from Rio Trinidad, collected just 
above Agua Clara (10). 


NOTOMMATA TORULOSA (Dujardin). 


One specimen, identified by the trophi, from a stagnant pool by 
the railroad, north of bridge over Black Swamp. 


528 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 47. 


PLEUROTROCHA SORDIDA (Gosse). 


Proales sordida Gosst, Hudson and Gosse, Rotifera, 1886, vol. 2, p. 37, pl. 18, fig. 7. 
A single specimen, with some doubt referred to this species, from 
a pool near the railroad, between Black Swamp and Gatun (2). 


DIASCHIZA AURICULATA (Miiller). 


Diaschiza lacinulata LEvANDER, Acta Soc. Flora Fauna Fennica, vol. 12, No. 3, 
1994, p. 43. . 


A few specimens from Rio Trinidad, just above Agua Clara (10). 
DIASCHIZA FORFICATA (Ehrenberg). 


Diaschiza caeca DixoN-NUTTALL and FREEMAN, Journ. Royal Micr. Soc., 1903, p. 
134, pl. 4, fig. 11. 
A few specimens from each of the following localities: Creek flow- 
ing into Camacho Reservoir (3); Rio Trinidad, in weeds along shore 
at Agua Clara (10) and Escoval (11). 


DIASCHIZA GIBBA (Ehrenberg). 


In creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (3); not abundant. 


DIASCHIZA GRACILIS (Ehrenberg). 


A few specimens in the same collection as Diaschiza gibba (3). 
MONOMMATA ORBIS (Miiller). 


Monommata longiseta Bartscu, Jahresh. Naturk. Wiirttemberg, vol. 26, 1870, p. 
344. ; 
A few specimens from a pool near the railroad, between Black 
Swamp and Gatun (2); also from creek flowing into Camacho Reser- 
voir (3) and in Rio Trinidad, at Escoval (11). 


DICRANOPHORUS FORCIPATUS (Miiller). 


Diglena forcipata EHRENBERG, Abh. Akad. Wiss., Berlin (for 1831), 1832, pp. 137, 
154, pl. 4, fig. 10. 

? Diglena grandis EHRENBERG, Abh. Akad. Wiss., Berlin (for 1831), 1832, p. 137. 
Typical specimens of this species occurred in the following localities: 
Slow stream in garden of Isthmian Canal Commission, Empire; 
pool between Black Swamp and Gatun (2) ; creek flowing into Camacho 
Reservoir (3); stagnant pool at Empire (4); Rio Grande Reservoir 
(5); Rio Grande, river (6). Specimens with straight toes, about 
55 mw long, agreeing with published figures of D. grandis, were found 
in Rio Trinidad (9) and a stream in garden of Isthmian Canal Com- 
mission, Empire. As far as could be determined from the partly 
contracted specimens, they agreed with a single specimen collected 
near Boston and sent me for comparison by Mr. Rousselet, who 
informs me that he has always considered D. grandis a synonym 


No. 2062. NEW ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA—HARRING. 529 


of D. foreipatus. The trophi of the Panama specimens are identical 
with those of typical specimens of D. forcipatus. 


ENCENTRUM FELIS (Miiller). 


Vorticella felis MitiER, Verm. Terr. Fluv., vol. 1, pt. 1, 1773, p. 108. 
Diglena felis BrrFINGER, Jahresh. Naturk. Wiirttemberg, vol. 50, 1894, p. 46. 

Common in a stagnant pool, Empire (4). While the specimens 
were partly contracted, the trophi make the determination reasonably 
certain. 

BRACHIONUS ANGULARIS CAUDATUS Barrois and Daday. 

From the following localities: Stagnant stream under old bridge, 
Old Panama (probably Rio Alcorobo), common; Gatun Lake, 
enormous numbers; pond at Bohio (7), very abundant; Carabali 
(Gorgona) Reservoir, common; Bayou of French Canal, about 2 
miles south of Gatun, common; pond at Miraflores (12), common. 


BRACHIONUS BUDAPESTINENSIS Daday. 


Specimens agreeing with material collected here at Washington 
were common in Carabali (Gorgona) Reservoir. 


BRACHIONUS CAPSULIFLORUS Pallas. 


The form with posterior spines (B. bakerv Miller) is common on 
the Isthmus; the strongly asymmetric foot tube is abnormally 
developed, the left spine being sometimes as long as the postero- 
lateral spines; the median anterior spines are also longer than usual. 
This form occurs in the following collections: Stagnant stream under 
old bridge, Old Panama, common; Gatun Lake, enormous numbers; 
Mindi Reservoir, few; Rio Grande Reservoir (5), few; Rio Grande 
(6), few; pond at Miraflores (Rio Camitillo) (12), common. 

The spineless form (B. urceolaris Miller) occurred in great abun- 
dance in a sluggish stream partly filled with grass, in the savannas 
between Panama and Old Panama. 


BRACHIONUS DOLABRATUS, new species. 
Plate 16, figs. 1-2. 


While showing a certain resemblance to B. angularis Gosse, this 
species has a number of peculiarities that entitle 1t to specific rank. 
At the junction of the dorsal and ventral plates of the lorica there 
are two blunt lateral spines or knobs and a similar pair at the postero- 
lateral angles. They are always slightly asymmetric and very varia- 
ble; the form figured may be considered an average one. On each 
side of the foot opening is a hammer-shaped spine, frequently with 
small posterior spicules or setae; it is possible that they are always 
present in the living animal, and that they may have been destroyed 
by the preservative. The egg is carried by the parent and always 

34843 °—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——34 


530 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou, 47. 


rests upon the dorsal points of the foot spines, as shown in the lateral 
view. The anterior edge of the dorsal plate is strongly convex and 
has a single pair of spines at the side of the antennal sinus; the ventral 
edge has a wide and shallow median notch. Both dorsal and ventral 
plate is moderately convex. The lateral antennae are unusually 
stout and project through simple holes in the dorsal plate, very close 
to the edge of the lorica. 

Total length of lorica, 105 »; width over lateral spines, 100 p; 
width of anterior edge, 60 4; depth of body, 42 yp. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16570, U.S.N.M., from a pond west of Rio Chagres, 
at Bohio, where the species is common. 


BRACHIONUS FALCATUS Zacharias. 


This excessively variable species occurs on the Isthmus in an 
almost infinite variety of forms. It is recorded from the following 
localities: Stagnant stream under old bridge, Old Panama, abundant; 
Gatun Lake, enormous numbers; Mindi Reservoir, few; bayou of 
French Canal, 2 miles south of Gatun, common. 


BRACHIONUS PATULUS Miiller. 


Brachionus militaris EHRENBERG, Abh. Akad. Wiss., Berlin (for 1833), 1834, 
p. 199. 

A very small, but otherwise normal form occurs occasionally on 
the Isthmus: Stagnant stream under old bridge, Old Panama, few; 
stagnant pool at Empire (4), common; back water of Rio Chagres at 
Las Bocas del Gatun, few. 


BRACHIONUS PATULUS MACRACANTHUS (Daday). 


Plate 17, fig. 1. 
Noteus militaris macracanthus Dapay, Zoologica, Heft 44, 1905, p. 119, pl. 7, 
figs. 3-5. 

This form is common in weedy ponds everywhere in the Canal 
Zone. A peculiarity in the position of the lateral antennae deserves 
notice; in the typical, short-spined form the antennae are on the inner 
edge of the lateral spines, as figured by Cohn, while in macracanthus 
they are on the spines, about one-third the length of the spine from 
the posterior end, where there is a decided ‘‘knee.” In Daday’s 
figure a projecting knob is shown, which is no doubt the antenna, 
or rather, it is in the position of the antenna. The form macra- 
canthus was found in collections from: Stagnant stream under old 
bridge, Old Panama (probably Rio Alcorobo), common; slough in 
savannas near police station on road to Old Panama, common; 
Gatun Lake, abundant; creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (3), 
common; Rio Cocoli, above reservoir, few; stagnant pool at Empire 
(4), abundant; Rio Grande (6), few; pond at Bohio (7), few; pond 
at Miraflores (12), common. 


No. 2062. NEW ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA—HARRING. bod 


BRACHIONUS MIRABILIS Daday. 


A single specimen in a collection from the railroad bridge over 
water in Black Swamp (1). 


PLATYIAS QUADRICORNIS (Ehrenberg). 
Noteus quadricornis EHRENBERG, Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin (for 1831), 1832, p. 143. 


The Isthmian form of this species has very long toes; the average 
measurements of a considerable number of specimens from Wash- 
ington are: Length of lorica without anterior or posterior spines 225 
yw, toes 37 »; from Panama, lorica 217 yp, toes 60 yw. In words, the 
toes in the latter form are relatively nearly twice as long as in the 
local form. There are no other important differences; the lorica in 
the Panama specimens is less irregular in outline, almost circular; 
the posterior spines are similar, possibly a trifle longer, and the 
points are identical; the spines are very slightly blunted at the extrem- 
ity and end in a short, very fine and needlelike point. The species 
was found in the following collections: From railroad bridge over 
water in Black Swamp (1), common; pool near railroad, between 
Black Swamp and Gatun (2), few; pond at Miraflores (12), few. 


KERATELLA STIPITATA (Ehrenberg). 
Anuraea stipitata EARENBERG, Infusionsth., 1838, p. 507, pl. 62, fig. 11. 


As this species is common here at Washington, the Panama material 
was gone over carefully in order to determine the distribution of the 
two closely related species K. stipitata and K. cochlearis. All the 
Isthmian specimens belong to K. stipitata; K. cochlearis was not 
found at all. The latter has been repeatedly recorded from South 
America; it would be interesting to know whether it is really 
found there or whether the not very conspicuous difference in the 
dorsal pattern has been overlooked. The distribution of the two 
species in North and South America is still an unsolved problem; 
personal observations indicate that Washington is on the border 
line of the respective territories, but the evidence is too fragmentary 
to warrant any definite conclusion. With all due respect to Doctor 
Zelinka, the re(?)discoverer of this species, the writer believes, until 
confronted with the ‘‘corpus delicti” from the neighborhood of 
Berlin, that Lauterborn was correct in his opinion, that Ehrenberg 
drew the quadrata (= aculeata)—tesselation in the cochlearis—outline. 
This is not inexplicable, as Ehrenberg does not record K. cochlearis 
at all. Now, it is well known, through the work of later investigators, 
that this species is to be found nearly everywhere in Germany, and the 
supposition is not unreasonable that Ehrenberg, finding a Keratella 
(= Anurxa) with a median spine and a dorsal tesselation of some 
sort, concluded without any careful examination that it was the, to 
him, familiar guadrata pattern. In favor of this assumption is the 


532 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


fact that in a later paper * Ehrenberg figures under the name stipitata 
what is evidently a typical cochlearis. 

Keratella stipitata was found in collections from: Gatun Lake, 
abundant; Brazos Brook Reservoir, collected in the middle, abund- 
ant; creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (3), few; Camacho Reser- 
voir, common; stagnant pool at Empire (4), few; Rio Grande (6) 
few; pond at Bohio (7), very abundant; Rio Grande Reservoir (5), 
common; pond at Miraflores (12), common; the form without pos- 
terior spine (tecfa) in a bayou of the French Canal, 2 miles south of 
Gatun, few. 

KERATELLA QUADRATA (Miiller). 
Anuraea aculeata EHRENBERG, Abh. Akad. Wiss., Berlin (for 1831), 1832, p. 145. 

In creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (3), few. 


NOTHOLCA LONGISPINA (Kellicott). 


A single specimen from a pond near Rio Chagres at Bohio (7). 
ANURAEOPSIS FISSA (Gosse). 


Anuraea fissa GossE, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, vol. 8, 1851, p. 202. 


Carabali (Gorgona) Reservoir, common; Rio Grande Reservoir (5), 


few. 
MYTILINA TRIGONA (Gosse). 


Diplax trigona Goss, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, vol. 8, 1851, p. 201. 


A single specimen in a collection from the railroad bridge over 
Black Swamp (1); stagnant pool at Empire (4), abundant. 


MYTILINA VENTRALIS (Ehrenberg). 


Salpina ventralis EHRENBERG, Abh. Akad. Wiss., Berlin (for 1831), 1832, p. 133, 
pl. 4, fig. 7. 

This species appears to be rare on the Isthmus; only single speci- 
mens were found, in the following collections: Pool between Black 
Swamp and Gatun (2); Rio Grande Reservoir (5); Rio Grande (6); 
Rio Trinidad, above Agua Clara (10). 


EUCHLANIS DILATATA Ehrenberg. 


From a slow stream in garden of Isthmian Canal Commission, 
Empire, common; stagnant pool by the railroad, north of bridge over 
Black Swamp, few; pool between Black Swamp and Gatun (2), few; 
stagnant pool at Empire (4), common; Rio Grande (6), few; Rio 
Trinidad, at Escoval (11), few; pond at Miraflores (12), common. 


EUCHLANIS OROPHA Gosse. 


From a creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (3), common; Rio 
Trinidad, at Escoval (11), few. 


1 Abh. Akad. Wiss., Berlin (for 1841), 1843, pp. 291-446, pls. 1-4. 


Ho. 2069. NEW ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA—HARRING. 5338 


EUCHLANIS PLICATA Levander. 


While this species is rather common in the collections, all the 
specimens are partly contracted, so that no satisfactory figure can be 
given of it. From a pool between Black Swamp and Gatun (2), 
common; stagnant pool at Empire (4), few; Rio Grande Reservoir 
(5), common. 

EUCHLANIS TRIQUETRA Ehrenberg. 


It is not without hesitation that the Panamanian specimens are 
listed under this name; the dorsal keel is absent, the two lateral 
plates simply coming together at an approximately right angle. 
However, the resemblance to F. triquetra is otherwise very close, and 
considering the present unsatisfactory status of the genus, it seems 
advisable to refer this form to triquetra until the limits of variation 
in this genus are better known. It occurred in a collection from 
the railroad bridge over Black Swamp (1), common; Rio Alcorobo, 
under bridge on road from Panama to Old Panama, few. 


DIPLEUCHLANIS PROPATULA (Gosse). 


Isthmian specimens of this species resemble closely the form 
figured by de Beauchamp from the Lofu River.'' In collection from 
railroad bridge over Black Swamp (1), few; creek flowing into Cama- 
cho Reservoir (3), few; stagnant pool at Empire (4), common; Rio 
Grande Reservoir (5), few; Rio Grande (6), few; pond at Miraflores, 
back water of Rio Camitillo (12), common. 


LECANE CREPIDA, new species. 
Plate 22, figs. 4-7. 


The body is parallel-sided for one-half of its length and tapers 
rapidly to the foot; it is strongly gibbous posteriorly and has a very 
flexible lorica. The anterior dorsal margin is slightly convex, the 
ventral a trifle concave; the anterior spines are stout and slightly 
incurved. The dorsal plate is strongly convex and much smaller 
than the ventral; its limits are rather ill-defined and the markings 
are limited to two pairs of divergent, wavy ridges, beginning near 
the anterior margin. The ventral plate is moderately convex and 
has two broken series of ridges extending the greater part of its 
length; there is a well-marked transverse fold immediately in front 
of the foot. As shown in the cross section of the body (fig. 8), there 
are no lateral sulci; the section of the lorica connecting the dorsal 
and ventral plates is very slightly concave and marked with three 
ridges, one posterior, and a pair immediately in front of the lateral 
antennae, which are just above the edge of the ventral plate. The 
posterior segment merges without any definite anterior limit with 
the body; ally it has a large, circular opening for the foot. 


1 Bull. Soc. Zool. France, vol. 38, 1913, p. 184, fig. 2. 


534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 47. 


The first foot joint is large and bulbous; it is at least possible that 
this really corresponds to the posterior segment of the body in other 
species of Lecane. The second foot joint is square and unusually 
long; it projects for nearly its entire length beyond the lorica. The 
toes are long, slender, and tapering, slightly curved at the base; the 
claw is nearly one-third the length of the toe, conical and not curved. 

Total length, 135 4; length of lorica, 90 4; width of anterior points, 
inner edges, 52 »; length of dorsal plate, 75 », width, 45 4; width of 
ventral plate, 60 4; toe without claw, 30 », claw, 9 »; depth of body, 
43 mu. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16578, U.S.N.M., from a stagnant pool at Empire 
(4), where the species is common; it occurred also in a pool near the 
railroad, between Black Swamp and Gatun (2), common; Gatun 
Lake, among water plants near the railroad bridge, few; creek flowing 
into Camacho Reservoir (3), abundant; Rio Grande Reservoir (5), 
abundant; Rio Grande (6), few. 

This is no doubt the animal/recorded by Jennings! and figured 
under the name Distyla gissensis Eckstein, from specimens collected 
in a swamp near the fish hatchery on South Bass Island in Lake Erie. 
The original description does not fit L. crepida any better than it 
does any other known Lecane; it is doubtful whether Eckstein’s 
species is now identifiable. 

Lecane crepida has but one close relative, L. (= Cathypna) hastata 
(Murray); the similarity is not, however, so close that there can be 
any question of identity. Whether these two species represent a 
primitive branch of the genus or a highly specialized one is uncer- 
tain; that they may have retained more of the ancestral characters 
than any other known species is not improbable. 


LECANE LUNA (Miller). 


Cathypna luna GossE, Hudson and Gosse, Rotifera, 1886, vol. 2, p. 94, pl. 24, fig. 4. 

From a pool near the railroad, between Black Swamp and Gatun 

(2), common; creek flowing into Camacho, Reservoir (3), common; 
stagnant pool at Empire (4), abundant. 


LECANE PAPUANA (Murray). 


Cathypna papuana Murray, Journ. Royal Micr. Soc., 1913, p. 551, pl. 22, fig. 2. 
This species is widely distributed on the Isthmus, but usually in 
small numbers: Gatun Lake, near railroad bridge, few; stagnant 
pool at Empire (4), few; Rio Grande Reservoir (5), few; Rio Grande 
(6), few; bayou of French Canal, about 2 miles south of Gatun, 
abundant; Rio Trinidad, at Escoval (11), few; pond at Miraflores 
(12), few. 


1 Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., vol. 19, 1900, p. 91, pl. 20, figs. 33, 34. 


No. 2062. NEW ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA—HARRING. 585 


LECANE SIBINA. new species. 
Plate 23, figs. 5-7. 

The body is broadly ovate and its thickness more than two-thirds 
of the width. The anterior margins are very nearly coincident and 
slightly concave, with two lateral triangular projections, but without 
true spines. The dorsal plate is very broad and ovate in outline; 
while without any facetting whatever, it has two deep anterior, 
diverging folds, the limits of a strongly convex lobe. At the sides of 
this lobe the dorsal plate is concave, making it possible for the ante- 
rior dorsal and ventral margins to meet and close the lorica when 
the head is retracted. The ventral plate is slightly narrower than 
the dorsal, oval and without facetting; some inconspicuous trans- 
verse folds are present near the posterior end; the anterior margin has 
a very small median sinus. The lateral sulci are moderately deep 
and do not reach the anterior margin; they are indicated by dotted 
lines in figure 7. The posterior segment of the body is very large 
and prominent, projecting quite a distance over the toes; it is notice- 
ably emarginate at the outer angles of the coxal plates, which are 
large and obtusely triangular. The first foot joint is minute, the 
second short and broad. The toes are in dorsal view nearly parallel- 
sided, a trifle narrowed immediately beyond the base and widest at 
the beginning of the posterior third, where there are some obscure 
annular constrictions. The claw is half the length of the toe, un- 
usually slender, conical, and very slightly decurved. At its base there 
is a small spine, separated from the claw by a deep notch. 

Total length, 200 »; length of lorica, 165 4; length of dorsal plate, 
130 », width, 125 ”; width of anterior points, 78 »; width of ventral 
plate, 116 ; length of toe without claw, 42 yp, claw, 20 y; depth of 
body, 93 yp. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16582, from a stagnant pool at Empire. It is not 
common. 

This species has considerable resemblance to Lecane wngulata 
(Gosse). The latter is not as thick at L. sibina, and the body is 
relatively longer; its absolute dimensions are also considerably 
greater and the anterior margins are not coincident, the dorsal being 
nearly straight, while the ventral margin has a deep sinus. 

LECANE UNGULATA (Gosse). 
Cathypna ungulata Gosse, Journ. Royal Micr. Soc., 1887, p. 361, pl. 8, fig. 1. 

A single specimen from a pool near the railroad, between Black 
Swamp and Gatun (2). 

LECANE CURVICORNIS (Murray). 
Cathypna curvicornis Murray, Journ. Royal Micr. Soc., 1918, p. 346, pl. 14, fig. 22. 
2? Cathypna nitida Murray, Journ. Royal Micr. Soc., 1913, p. 347, pl. 14, fig. 24. 
Cathypna lofuana Murray, Journ. Royal Micr. Soc., 1913, p. 551, pl. 22, fig. 1. 

Apparently these three names designate one and the same species. 
A specimen labeled Cathypna curvicornis was given me by Mr. Murray; 


536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


while this does show a smooth lorica and is without the three indenta- 
tions of the posterior body segment, these characteristics occur 
frequently among Isthmian specimens which are undoubtedly speci- 
fically identical with Mr. Murray’s C. curvicornis. The dorsal facet- 
ting figured for C. nitida is nearly always present; the posterior 
indentations of C. lofuana are less frequent, but occur in otherwise 
typical specimens, as does also the partly retracted anterior margin 
of this species. 

The most distinctive peculiarities of Lecane curvicornis are best 
seen in a lateral view, compare plate 17, figure 3. The ventral plate 
is divided by a transverse fold, in front of which it is very deep and 
convex; the posterior section is nearly flat and correspondingly 
shallow. The toes have a short, sharp double curvature at the base; 
the posterior portion is slightly decurved. The spines at the base 
of the claw are at an angle of about 45 degrees with the body, so that 
a slight displacement makes them invisible, especially as they are 
very small and indistinct. 


LECANE LEONTINA (Turner). 
Canthypna leontina TURNER, Bull. Denison Univ., vol. 6, 1892, p. 61, pl. 1, fig. 12. 


In Black Swamp, near the railroad bridge (1), few; stagnant pool 
north of the railroad bridge over Black Swamp, few; pool near the 
railroad, between Black Swamp and Gatun (2), common; sluggish 

stream in savannas between Panama and Old Panama, rare; creek 
flowing into Camacho Reservoir (3), common; Rio Cocoli, above 
lake, rare; stagnant pool at Empire (4), abundant; pond east of 
canal at Empire (8), few. 


LECANE NANA (Murray). 
Cathypna nana Murray, Journ. Royal Micr. Soc., 1913, p. 353, pl. 14, fig. 29. 


From a pool near the railroad, between Black Swamp and Gatun, 
abundant. 
LECANE PLOENENSIS (Voigt). 


Distyla ploenensis Vorat, Zool. Anz., vol. 25, 1902, p. 679. 
Cathypna affinis Murray, Journ. Royal Micr. Soc., 1918, p. 346. 


A small variety of this species, about two-thirds the usual size, 
with rather indistinct markings, occurs on the Isthmus. My speci- 
mens were identified by Mr. Murray as identical with the animal he 
found at Rio de Janeiro. It was found in the following collections: 
Slow stream in the garden of the Isthmian Canal Commission, Empire, 
rare; pool near the railroad, between Black Swamp and Gatun (2), 
rare; creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (3), few; stagnant pool 
at Empire (4), few; pond east of canal at Empire (8), rare; Rio 
Trinidad, about a mile from mouth (9), rare. 


No. 2062. NEW ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA—HARRING. 537 
NE vA Ma eee Le Ee an ee at sh 


. LECANE LUDWIGII (Eckstein). 
Distyla ludwigti Ecxsre1n, Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool., vol. 39, 1883, p. 393, pl. 26, 
fig. 37. 
From a creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (3), few; pond east 
of canal at Empire (8), few; Rio Trinidad, at Escoval (11), rare. 


LECANE MARSHI, new species. 


Plate 18, figs. 1-3. 


The outline of the lorica is a bluntly pointed oval; the anterior 
margins of the dorsal and ventral plates are coincident and slightly 
excavate. The anterior spines are long, slender, and slightly taper- 
ing; the point is curved back as a conspicuous hook, in lateral view 
nearly semicircular. The dorsal plate is ovate and unusually narrow 
at the posterior end; its markings are quite regular and prominent. 
The ventral plate is narrower than the dorsal and of approximately 
the same outline; the lateral sulci are deep. The posterior segment 
of the body is roughly triangular in outline, slightly narrowed at the 
base of the rounded posterior lobe, which curves downward; on 
the dorsal side there are two parallel, transverse ridges on each side of 
the median line. The first foot joint is barely distinguishable and the 
second, movable joint is smaller than usual. At the sides of the 
foot joints there are two semicircular rounded plates, free posteri- 
orly and slightly movable. These plates, for which the term coxal 
plates is used in this paper, are present in all the species of the genera 
Lecane and Monostyla, even when no other trace of the lorica re- 
mains; in some cases they are produced into posterior spines. The 
toes of L. marshi are fairly long, straight and parallel-sided, ending 
in bluntly conical points without any claw. The body is of a little 
more than average depth. 

Total length, 173 »; length of lorica, 138 »; width of anterior edge 
over spines, 54 »; height of hook, 9 »; length of dorsal plate, 114 y, 
width, 84 »; width of ventral plate, 76 »; length of toes, 45 4; depth 
of body, 60 yp. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16571, U.S.N.M., from a stagnant pool at Empire 
(4); it is apparently not common. It has been named for Dr. C. 
Dwight Marsh, of Washington City. 


LECANE ERCODES, new species. 
Plate 18, figs. 4-6. 


The lorica is oval in outline, ending posteriorly in a blunt, rounded 
lobe; the anterior dorsal and ventral edges are coincident. The 
dorsal plate is oval and truncate posteriorly; its markings are promi- 
nent and, with the exception of the first row, fairly regular. The 
ventral plate is slightly narrower than the dorsal and marked with 


538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU, 47. 


longitudinal folds as shown in the figure. The anterior margin of the 
lorica is deeply excavate and produced into two long, stout anterior 
spines, slightly incurved and upcurved. The posterior segment of the 
body is broadly triangular, ending in a rounded lobe, slightly narrowed 
at the base and decurved; on the dorsal side there are two parallel, 
transyerse ridges on each side of the median line. The first foot 
joint reaches down on the movable joint as a pointed lobe; the coxal 
plates are broad and rounded. The toes are fairly long, straight, and 

parallel-sided, ending in bluntly conical points without any claw. 
The body is af average depth. 

Total length, 165 yw; length of lorica, 135 »; width of anterior sae 
inside of spines, 48 y; length of dorsal plate 110», width, 81 »; width 
of ventral plate, 75 4; length of toes, 42 4; depth of boa 48 yp. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16572, U.S.N.M., collected in a pool between 
Black Swamp and Gatun (2); only two specimens were found in the 
collection. 

This species is closely related to Lecane marshi; it is noticeably 
broader posteriorly and the depth of the body is less; the anterior 
spines are, however, sufficient to distinguish the two. With Lecane 
stokesw, L. ludungii, and L. ohiwensis they form the most closely related 
group within the genus, differing principally in the form of the posterior 
segment of the body; the lorica is very firm in all of these species and 
the dorsal pattern differs only in the first row of markings. 


LECANE FLEXILIS (Gosse). 
Plate 19, figs. 1-3. 


Distyla flexilis Gosst, Hudson and Gosse, Rotifera, 1886, vol. 2, p. 97, pl. 24, 
fig. 7. 

? Distyla lipara GossE, Journ. Royal Micr. Soc., 1887, p. 867, pl. 15, fig. 16 

? Cathypna brevis Murray, Journ. Royal Micr. Soc., 1913, p. 555, pl. 22, fig. 8. 


The lorica is very nearly circular; the small posterior segment is 
almost covered by the dorsal plate of the lorica and the anterior mar- 
gins are coincident. The dorsal plate is subcircular and its anterior 
margin convex with two short, very stout, slightly incurving frontal 
spines. The markings of the dorsal plate are very prominent and of 
an unusual pattern; there are four transverse rows of ridges, the first 
row broken, the other three fairly regular with 7, 8, and 7 ridges 
respectively. The ventral plate is considerably narrower than the 
dorsal and quite flexible, with ill-defined lateral edges; the markings 
are constant in front, becoming more variable toward the foot. The 
posterior segment of the body is rounded and projects but little 
beyond the dorsal plate; the coxal plates are nearly semicircular. 
The first foot joint is elongate-oval and the movable joint broad and 
rhomboid. The toes are short, with a well marked, recurved claw; 
their inner edges are straight, while the outer edge has a double curve, 


No. 2062. NEW ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA—HARRING. 539 


INGA Sos ade en ooo ewer Ee Sa es 
so that the toe is a trifle broader in the middle than just beyond the 
base. From the middle the toe tapers gently to the claw; in lateral 
view it is slightly decurved and tapering; there is a minute, but dis- 
tinct spine projecting dorsally over the claw. The depth of the body 
is greater than that of any other described species of the genus; the 
lateral sulci are almost obliterated in retraction; on account of the 
flexibility of the membrane connecting the dorsal and ventral plates, 
its appearance is very variable. 

Total length, 96 »; length of lorica, 76 »; length of dorsal plate, 
72 p, width, 66 “; width of ventral plate, 50 »; anterior spines 55 p; 
toes without claw 19 p, claw, 4 #; depth of body, 50 yu. 

While the contracted animal does not resemble Gosse’s figure very 
much, the agreement is in the extended condition so striking that 
there can be no doubt of the identification. When fully extended and 
swimming, the length is very nearly twice as great, the body is slender 
and flattened dorso-ventrally and the dorsal markings become much 
more prominent. While Gosse’s figure of the toes is not correct, the 
same may be said of the majority of the species of this genus, with 
which he had occasion to deal. 

Lecane flexilis is widely distributed; in the Panama collections it 
was found in a creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (8), common; 
stagnant pool at Empire (4), common. Mr. Rousselet has sent me 
specimens collected by Mr. Murray in Brazil; it is found here at Wash- 
ington and in great abundance in collections from Loch Raven, near 
Baltimore, Maryland, also in material from the Bureau of Fisheries 
station at San Marcos, Texas; I have found it in Sphagnum sent me 
from various localities in England by Mr. David Bryce. 

Cathypna brevis Murray shows considerable resemblance to this 
species; if the toes are correctly described it is, however, a good 


species. 
LECANE ARCULA, new species. 


Plate 19, figs. 4-6. 


Cathypna aculeata Murray, Journ. Royal Micr. Soc., 1913, p. 350, pl. 14, fig. 28; 
not Distyla aculeata Jakubski. 


The general form of the lorica is ovate and but little longer than 
broad; the body is unusually thick. The dorsal and ventral anterior 
margins of the lorica are both straight and nearly coincident; they are 
produced laterally into two small, pointed spines, which are broad at 
the base and directed slightly upward and outward. The dorsal plate 
of the lorica is ovate and rounded posteriorly; it is strongly gibbous 
and projects over the posterior segment of the body so far that it 
nearly conceals it in a dorsal view. The dorsal markings are rather 
faint; there are the usual four transverse rows of ridges, which are 
fairly regular. The exact pattern can perhaps better be understood 
from the figure than from any description. These ridges do not form 


540 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


true facets in any of the species of the genera Lecane and Monostyla; 
some species do have facets, but the limiting lines do not project as 
ridges above the surface of the lorica. The majority of the species 
having prominent ridges on the dorsal plate change their form con- 
siderably in retraction; the species with true facets or without any 
dorsal markings do not as a rule change much. This does not refer 
to the virtually iloricate species, all moss-dwellers, which do not 
assume any fixed, recurring outline in retraction. The ventral plate 
of Lecane arcula is of nearly the same outline as the dorsal and of equal 
width; it has rather conspicuous markings. The posterior segment 
of the body is prominent, but nearly covered by the dorsal plate. 
The first, immovable foot joint is nearly parallel-sided and pointed 
posteriorly, where it reaches down over the movable second foot joint; 
this is quite broad at the base and suddenly narrowed immediately 
behind the lorica. The toes are short, rather slender, and in dorsal 
view parallel-sided; in lateral view they are broad at the base and 
taper rapidly. The claw is of moderate length, very slender and 
recurved. 

Total length, 96 4; length of lorica, including spines, 68 »; length 
of dorsal plate, including spines, 63 y, width, 55 4; width over ante- 
rior spines, 47 »; length of spines, 5 y; length of toes without claw, 
18 », claw, 5 »; depth of body, 45 pz. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16573, U.'S.N.M. It was taken from a stagnant 
pool at Empire (4), where it was very abundant; it is common and 
widely distributed on the Isthmus: Pool between Black Swamp and 
Gatun (2); creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (3); Rio Grande, 
(6); Rio Trinidad, 1 mile from mouth (9), and above Agua Clara (10), 
also at Escoval (11). 

Murray identifies this species with Distyla aculeata Jakubski. 
While there is no doubt a certain general similarity, it does not extend 
to details; Jakubski’s animal is more elongate and widest in front, 
the body is very thin and the dorsal plate smooth, the anterior spines 
measure 14 , while in the South American species they are only 5 p 
long. The conclusion that the two are different species is therefore 
unavoidable. 

LECANE COMPTA, new species. 


Plate 20, figs. 1-3. 


Cathypna flexilis ? Murray, Journ. Royal Micr. Soc., 1918, p. 351, pl. 14, fig. 27; 
not Distyla flexilis Gosse. 

The general form of the body is a slightly elongate oval; the ante- 
rior margins of the dorsal and ventral plates are straight and coinci- 
dent, the anterior spines minute. The depth of the body is moderate 
and the entire lorica very flexible. The dorsal plate is oval, trun- 
cate in front and narrow posteriorly; the dorsal markings are 
prominent, but in the three anterior rows only the median fields are 


No. 2062. NEW ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA—HARRING. 541 


regular. The ventral plate is slightly narrower than the dorsal and 
has prominent markings of the pattern shown in figure 1. The pos- 
terior segment is large and bluntly pointed; the coxal plates are 
small and semicircular. The first foot joint is well marked; the 
movable joint is large and subsquare. The moderately long toes are 
parallel-sided, slightly decurved and taper abruptly to a fine point, 
but there is no true claw. 

Total length, 115 »; length of lorica, 80 »; length of dorsal plate 
70, width, 60 4; width of ventral plate 56 4; width of anterior 
spines, 54 #; width of anterior edge of dorsal plate 45 yw; length of 
toes, 30 4; depth of body, 45 p. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16575, U.S.N.M., from a stagnant pool at Empire 
(4), where the species is abundant; common in a pool between Black 
Swamp and Gatun (2) and in Rio Trinidad, above Agua Clara (10). 

Murray identifies this animal with some misgivings with Distyla 
jlewlis Gosse. His figure seems to have been drawn from an abnor- 
mal (dried %) specimen, at least none of the numerous specimens in the 
Panama collections resembles it very much. 


LECANE PUSILLA, new species. 


Plate 20, figs. 4-6. 


The body of this small species is but little longer than broad and 
very thick; the anterior margin of the dorsal plate projects beyond 
the ventral plate. Both are straight; they do not meet even in com- 
plete retraction, but leave the lorica widely open infront; nospines are 
present at the antero-lateral angles of the lorica. The dorsal plate is 
nearly circular; the markings are of an unusual pattern, as one pair 
of ridges overlap from the second to the third row. The ventral plate 
is parallel-sided in its anterior half and rounded posteriorly; only the 
central markings are conspicuous. The lateral sulci are deep. The 
rounded posterior segment projects considerably beyond the dorsal 
plate; the coxal plates are of moderate size and semicircular. The 
first foot joint is barely distingusihable, while the second is unusually 
large. The toes are short and nearly straight with a slender, re- 
curved claw, which is occasionally directed slightly outward, as 
shown in fig. 4; usually they are in the axis of the toe. (See fig. 6.) 

Total length, 75 y; length of lorica, 60 y; length of dorsal plate, 
54 w, width, 52 »; width of anterior edge, 38 1; width of ventral plate, 
45 », anterior edge, 50 4; length of toes without claw, 15 y, claw, 5 MS 
depth of body, 40 p. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16574, U.S.N.M., is from a stagnant pool at Em- 
pire (4), where it is common; also in Rio Grande (6). 

This species is closely related to Lecane nana (Murray); it differs 
mainly in having fairly strong markings on the lorica, while L. nana 
is smooth; in the latter the toe is without any claw. 


542 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


LECANE AEGANEA, new species. 
Plate 21, figs. 1-3. 


The body is moderately elongate-oval and not very thick; the ante- 
rior dorsal margin is shghtly convex and the ventral margin straight; 
they do not meet when the head is retracted, but leave the lorica 
partly open; no anterior spines are present. The dorsal plate is oval 
and rounded posteriorly; the markings are fairly regular and not 
very conspicuous. The ventral plate is larger than the dorsal and 
projects beyond it, except in front; its markings are prominent, espe- 
cially on the posterior half. The lateral sulci are not very deep and 
the entire lorica quite flexible. The posterior segment of the body is 
inconspicuous; the coxal plates are very small and semicircular. 
The first foot joint is very long, but almost obliterated near the mid- 
dle; the second joint is large and has a sharp constriction immedi- 
ately in front of the toes, which are moderately long, slender, and 
nearly straight, and end in a very long, slightly recurved and delicate 
claw. 

Total length, 110 4; length of lorica, 76 4; length of dorsal plate, 
70 w, width 56, », width of anterior edge, 42 »; width of ventral plate, 
60 , anterior edge, 50 4; toes without claw, 24 y, claw, 10 »; depth 
of body, 36 yp. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16577, U.S.N.M., is from a pool near the railroad, 
between Black Swamp and Gatun (2); it is not common. 


LECANE DORYSSA, new species. 


Plate 21, figs. 4-6. 


The body is but little longer than broad and excessively thick and 
clumsy. While the outlines are wavy and somewhat indefinite, the 
lorica is nevertheless quite firm and may perhaps best be described 
as leathery. The anterior dorsal margin is slightly convex and 
sinuate, as the dorsal ridges reach to the edge; the ventral edge is 
almost straight and there are no frontal spines. The dorsal plate is 
nearly circular, slightly truncate posteriorly, and is very deeply 
marked; the anterior row of ridges is somewhat irregular, while the 
second row is entirely broken up with the exception of the median 
field; the two posterior rows are regular. The ventral plate is slightly 
narrower than the dorsal and nearly parallel-sided in its entire length, 
but narrows abruptly to the posterior segment. The ventral mark- 
ings are very prominent, especially so on the median field, which in 
outline approximates a reversed shield. The lateral sulci are shallow 
and much wrinkled. The posterior segment is large and projects 
considerably beyond the dorsal plate; the coxal plates are large and 
rounded. The first foot joint is prominent, much constricted near 


No. 2062. NEW ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA—HARRING. 543 


the middle, and reaches down on the second joint as a broad lobe 
with a blunt point. The second joint is subsquare and very large; 
it projects beyond the lorica for more than two-thirds of its length. 
The toes are short and slightly compressed; the claw is nearly as 
long as the toe, very slender and straight. 

‘Total length, 106 »; length of lorica, 70 »; length of dorsal plate, 
58 », width, 60 », width of anterior margin, 52 “4; width of ventral 
plate, 58 », width of anterior margin, 56 y; length of toe without 
claw, 17 p, claw, 13 »; depth of body, 45 yp. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16576, U.S.N.M., is from a pool near the railroad 
between Black Swamp and Gatun (2); it is not common. 

The nearest relative of this species is L. hornemanni, which rivals 
it in thickness of body and also resembles it in general appearance. 
The lorica of L. hornemanni has deeper wrinkles of a different pat- 
tern; the toes are quite different, and the peculiar coxal plates, ending 
in points close to the foot, also distinguish it from L. doryssa. 


LECANE HORNEMANNI (Ehrenberg). 


Cathypna hornemanni Murray, Journ. Royal Micr. Soc., 1913, p. 349, pl. 14, 
fig. 26. 

From a pool near the railroad, between Black Swamp and Gatun 
(2), few; from water plants near railroad bridge, Gatun Lake, com- 
mon; creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (3), few; Rio Grande 
Reservoir (5), abundant; Rio Grande (6), few; Rio Trinidad, above 
Agua Clara (10), few. 


LECANE TENUISETA, new species. 


«Plate 22, figs. 1-3. 


The outline of the body is a slightly elongate oval; the anterior 
margins are parallel and usually a trifle convex in the median half of 
their width; they leave the lorica partly open in retraction, as they 
do not quite meet. The body is fairly thick. The dorsal plate is 
oval, rounded posteriorly, and without markings; it is strongly 
gibbous and bends down considerably even in front. The ventral 
plate is of the same width as the dorsal and similar outline; its mark- 
ings consist of a few ridges, shown in figure 1. The lateral sulci are 
very shallow. The posterior segment of the body is broad and 
rounded and projects considerably beyond the dorsal plate; the 
coxal plates are large and semicircular. The first foot joint is 
narrow and parallel-sided, and reaches down on the second joint as a 
bluntly pointed lobe. The second joint is broad, rounded anteriorly, 
and constricted immediately in front of the toes, which are slender, 
slightly compressed, and rather short. The claw is more than two- 
thirds the length of the toe, very slender, recurved and outcurved. 
The lorica is membranous and very flexible. 


544 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


Total length, 106 », length of lorica, 73 4; width, 56 y», length of 
dorsal plate, 64 », width of anterior edge, 45 #; width of anterior 
edge of ventral plate, 52 », length of toe without claw, 20 4, claw, 13 yp. 

Isthmian specimens are from a creek flowing into Camacho Reser- 
voir (3), where the species is common. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16579, U.S.N.M., from Kenilworth, District of 
Columbia, where the species occurs in Sphagnum. It is found also 
in material collected near the Bureau of Fisheries station at San 
Marcos, Texas. As the Washington specimens are better preserved, 
the description and measurements are taken from these. Isthmian 
specimens are considerably smaller, but do not otherwise differ 
materially. 

This species bears considerable resemblance to L. aeganea; the 
difference in the toes and the markings of the lorica are sufficient to 
distinguish the two. 


LECANE AMORPHA, new species. 


Plate 23, figs. 1 and 2. 


This species is virtually illoricate and on account of the great 
flexibility of the integument the contracted animals vary very much 
in appearance. The body is unusually elongate and nearly parallel- 
sided; the anterior margin is the irregularly puckered edge resulting 
from the inversion of the head. The posterior half of the body 
shows rudimentary lateral sulci. The posterior segment of the body 
is normally developed, broad and rounded; the coxal plates are large 
and semicircular. The first foot joint is narrow and parallel-sided, 
the second subsquare, slightly wider posteriorly. The toes are short, 
straight, and slender; the claw is nearly as long as the toe, slender, 
tapering, obtusely pointed, and slightly recurved. 

Total length, 105 ; length of body, 80 », width, 40 »; length of 
toes without claw, 14 y, claw, 10 4; depth of body, 30 p. These 
measurements are only average; owing to the flexibility of the integ- 
ument any number of different measurements may be obtained. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16580, U.S:N.M., from Rio Trinidad at Escoval 
(11), in weeds along shore, where it is common. It is also found 
here at Washington in Sphagnum from Kenilworth. 


LECANE ELEGANS, new species. 


Plate 23, figs. 3 and 4. 


The body is elongate, slender, and parallel-sided; the dorsal plate 
is very flexible, the ventral much less so. The anterior margin of the 
ventral plate is nearly straight and of fairly constant form; the dorsal 
margin is irregularly puckered by the inversion of the head. The 
dorsal plate is strongly convex, nearly semicircular in cross section. 
Lateral sulci are barely indicated on the posterior third of the body; 


No. 2062. NEW ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA—HARRING. 545 


the ventral plate may be said to be joined directly to the dorsal; it 
has prominent longitudinal ridges. The posterior segment of the 
body is very large and unusually prominent; it may be considered as 
beginning near the middle of the ventral plate and is, seen from the 
ventral side, ovate, broadest posteriorly. Coxal plates are not pres- 
ent. The first foot joint is extremely long, tapering posteriorly to 
half its anterior width; the elongate second joint is parallel-sided and 
strictly terminal. The toes are very long, slender, and slightly 
recurved in the posterior third. The claw is nearly half as long as 
the toe, strongly outcurved and slightly recurved; at the base of the 
claw there is a conspicuous, laterally directed spine. 

Total length, 170 4; length of body, 108 y, width, 45 »; toe without 
claw, 36 y, claw, 15 4; depth of body, 48 yp. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16581, U.S.N.M., from Rio Grande Reservoir (5); 
but few specimens were collected. 


MONOSTYLA CORNUTA (Miiller). 


Monostyla robusta Murray, Journ. Royal Micr. Soc., 1913, p. 557, pl. 23, fig. 21. 
Murray considers this species different from Trichoda cornuta 
Miller, as it has a shorter toe and a nearly straight anterior margin. 
It is quite true that the toe is a trifle shorter than in Miller’s figure, 
but the specimens studied by Mr. Murray were not fully contracted, 
and so did not show the lunate anterior margin, which is normally as 
deep as in Monostyla lunaris. There can be no doubt about the iden- 
tity of this form and the one figured by Ehrenberg as Monostyla cor- 
nuta. That Ehrenberg’s identification was incorrect is quite possible; 
as there is no positive proof that he was in error, he is entitled to the 
benefit of the doubt. IM. cornuta has been repeatedly ruled out 
because Miiller figures the claw as double; as a matter of fact, a 
careful examination of large amounts of material of both species 
demonstrates that the claw is really double in both species, although 
the two parts are very rarely separated in WM. lunaris and seldom in 
M. cornuta. 

In the Isthmian material two forms of this species occur; one which 
may be called the normal measures: Length of body 126 yp, of toe 42 
#, of claw 9 », and a diminutive form with a relatively much longer 
claw, which measures: Length of body 85 yp, of toe 23 , of claw 9 pu. 

The normal form occurs: In a pool near the railroad, between 
Black Swamp and Gatun (2), few; creek flowing into Camacho Res- 
ervoir (3), abundant; stagnant pool at Empire (4), common; Rio 
Grande Reservoir (5), abundant; Rio Grande (6), few; pond east of 
canal at Empire (8), few; Rio Trinidad, about 1 mile from mouth 
(9), common; above Agua Clara (10), common; at Escoval (11), a 
single specimen. The long-clawed form was found in Rio Grande 
Reservoir (5), common. 

34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——5 


546 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


MONOSTYLA LUNARIS Ehrenberg. 


This supposedly cosmopolitan species is, strange to say, rare in the 
Isthmian collections; a single specimen from a creek flowing into 
Camacho Reservoir (3) and two from Rio Grande Reservoir (5) is the 
total number of observed specimens. This contrasts strongly with 
the remarkable abundance of other species of the genus, as well as 
of Lecane. 

MONOSTYLA VIRGA, new species. 


Plate 24, figs. 1-3. 


The body is ovate and strongly gibbous posteriorly. The anterior 
margins are nearly coincident; the anterior sinus of the dorsal plate 
is not quite as deep as that of the ventral, and at the bottom it has a 
short straight line, while the ventral sinus is rounded; both have 
their sides slightly convex; anterior spines are not present. The dor- 
sal plate is oval and but little longer than broad; the anterior margin 
is considerably narrower than that of the ventral plate. The outline 
of the ventral plate is nearly the same as that of the dorsal; it is 
slightly narrower and somewhat angular posteriorly, with a conspic- 
uous transverse fold. The lateral sulci are deep, as indicated by a 
faint line in figure 3; the lorica is not tesselate. The posterior seg- 
ment of the body is small and rounded; it projects but little beyond 
the lorica. The coxal plates are small and obtusely triangular. The 
first foot joint is pyriform, the second large and rounded. ‘The toe is 
long, parallel-sided, fairly stout and slightly decurved; it has two 
obscure annular constrictions. The claw is short and stout; it is 
distinctly double, although the two parts are only rarely separated. 

Total length, 138 «; length of lorica, 84 »; width of anterior edge 
of dorsal plate, 32 », of ventral plate, 42 »; length of dorsal plate, 
78 pw, width, 72 4; width of ventral plate, 66 ; length of toe without 
claw, 48 », claw, 6 4; depth of body, 45 yp. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16584, U.S.N.M., from Rio Grande Reservoir (5), 
where the species is abundant. The species occurs also in a pool 
between Black Swamp and Gatun (2), few; pond at Bohio (7), few; 
pond east of Empire (8), few; Rio Trinidad, above Agua Clara (10), 
few; at Escoval (11), few. 

This species has considerable resemblance to Monostyla crenata and 
was at first supposed to be a small variety of the latter; this, as it 
proved later, erroneous assumption is the basis of the record in the 
original description ! of M. crenata as common in Isthmian collections. 
The lateral view of M. virga shows at once that it is a different species. 
In WV. crenata the lorica is widely open in front, when the head is 
completely retracted. 


1 Proc. U. &. Nat. Mus., vol. 46, 1913, p. 399. 


NO. 2062. NEW ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA—HARRING. 547 


MONOSTYLA PYRIFORMIS Daday. 


Monostyla truncata Murray, Journ. Royal Micr. Soc., 1913, p. 358, pl. 15, fig. 38. 


Partly contracted specimens agree perfectly with Daday’s figure, 
while the fully contracted material corresponds with Murray’s. 
The name given by Daday is used here, in preference to Turner’s; 
while the possibility that they may be the same species is not excluded, 
positive evidence is lacking. M. truncata Turner is here listed as a 
probable synonym of WM. closterocerca Schmarda. It seems to the 
writer inadvisable to simply “use up” the names given in the past 
without sufficient description to enable one to form any definite 
opinion as to the identity of the animal actually before the original 
observer, as such “resurrections of the dead” tend to befog the 
question of distribution. If we use Turner’s name for this South 
American species, it will of course figure in all lists as being common 
to both North and South America. That such is really the case is 
very doubtful; MU. pyriformis was described by Daday from Para- 
guay, Murray found it in Brazil, and it is not rare on the Isthmus. 
Taken together, this indicates that the species is common and widely 
distributed in South America. To give it an “all-American” dis- 
tribution merely on the strength of Turner’s unrecognizable figure is 
unwarranted and misleading in the face of an abundance of pre- 
sumptive evidence that the species of the genera Lecane and Mono- 
styla usually have a rather circumscribed distribution. 

This species occurs: In a pool near the railroad, between Black 
Swamp and Gatun (2), few; creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir 
(3), few; stagnant pool at Empire (4), few; Rio Grande Reservoir 
(5), common; Rio Grande (6), rare; Rio Trinidad, about 1 mile 
from mouth (9), rare; above Agua Clara (10), rare. 


MONOSTYLA BULLA Gosse. 


In a pool near the railroad, between Black Swamp and Gatun (2), 
common; sluggish stream in savannas between Panama and Old 
Panama, few; Gatun Lake, few; creek flowing into Camacho Reser- 
voir (3), abundant; Rio Cocoli, above lake, few; stagnant pool at 
Empire (4), abundant; Rio Grande Reservoir (5), common; Rio 
Grande (6), few; pond east of Canal at Empire (8), few; Rio Trinidad, 
above Agua Clara (10), abundant. 

MONOSTYLA QUADRIDENTATA Ehrenberg. 


This species was found only in the following collections: Stagnant 
pool at Empire (4), common; Rio Grande Reservoir (5), few; Rio 
Trinidad, above Agua Clara (10), few. 


548 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


MONOSTYLA CLOSTEROCERCA Schmarda. 


Monostyla closterocerca Murray, Journ. Royal Micr. Soc., 1918, p. 357, pl. 15, 
fig. 39. 

ti tee truncata TURNER, Bull. Denison Univ., vol. 6, 1892, p. 62, pl. 1, 
fig. 11. 

From a pool near the railroad, between Black Swamp and Gatun 
(2), common; creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (3), common; 
Rio Grande Reservoir (5), few; Rio Trinidad, above Agua Clara 
(10), few; at Escoval (11), few. 

This species does not have the fusiform toe figured by Schmarda 
and Murray; the toe is parallel-sided for about half its length and 
from there tapers rapidly to a long, slender point. 


MONOSTYLA HAMATA Stokes. 


In collection from a creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (3), 
common; stagnant pool at Empire (4), common; Rio Grande 
Reservoir (5), few; Rio Trinidad, above Agua Clara (10), common; 
at Escoval (11), few. 


MONOSTYLA DECIPIENS Murray. 


In a pool near the railroad between Black Swamp and Gatun (2), 
few; creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (3), rare; Rio Grande 


Reservoir (5), few. 
MONOSTYLA FURCATA Murray. 


Abundant in a pool near the railroad, between Black Swamp and 
Gatun (2); creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (3), rare; stag- 
nant pool at Empire (4), abundant; Rio Grande (6), rare; Rio 
Trinidad, about 1 mile from mouth (9), few; above Agua Clara (10), 
few; at Escoval (11), few. 


MONOSTYLA OBTUSA Murray. 


Among water plants near the railroad bridge, Gatun Lake, rare; 
stagnant pool at Empire (4), common; Rio Grande Reservoir (5), 
common; Rio Trinidad, above Agua Clara (10), few. 


MONOSTYLA RUGOSA, new species. 


Plate 24, figs. 4-6. 


The ovate body is short, very broad, and excessively thick. The 
anterior margins of the lorica are nearly straight and almost coin- 
cident; there are no anterior spines. The broadly ovate dorsal plate 
is slightly truncate posteriorly; the width is greater than the length 
and its anterior margin is narrower than that of the ventral plate. 
The dorsal markings are very deep and the fields of the two anterior 
rows irregular, while the third and fourth row are fairly regular. 


No. 2062. NEW ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA—HARRING. 5AO 


The ventral plate is subsquare and much narrower than the dorsal. 
As it is very flexible, the lateral margins are undulate and not very 
distinct. The wrinkling of the median portion of the ventral plate 
is constant and of the pattern shown in figure 4. The lateral sulci 
are indistinct and shallow. The posterior segment of the body is 
very short and broad; it is almost concealed by the dorsal plate. 
The coxal plates are large and semicircular. The first foot joint is 
very small and parallel-sided, the second also rather small. The toe 
is of moderate length and has a long, double claw, the two parts of 
which are rarely separated. 

Total length, 84; length of lorica, 574; length of dorsal plate, 
544; width 624; width of ventral plate, 56”; anterior edge of dorsal 
plate, 34, of ventral plate, 454; length of toe without claw, 21,; 
claw, 64; depth of body, 42. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16583, U.S.N.M., from Rio Grande Reservoir (5), 
where the species is abundant. It also occurs in the following col- 
lections: Pool near the railroad, between Black Swamp and Gatun 
(2), common; Rio Grande (6), few; Rio Trinidad, above Agua 
Clara (10), few. 


MONOSTYLA BIFURCA Bryce. 


From a creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (3), common. 
LEPADELLA PATELLA (Miiller). 


Metopidia emarginata Hupson and Gosse, Rotifera, Suppl., 1889, p. 46, pl. 34, 
fig. 6. 


While recorded only from Rio Trinidad, at Escoval (11), it is 
quite probable that many specimens have been overlooked, as the 
collections nearly all contained a considerable amount of floccose, 
diatoms, desmids, etc. 

LEPADELLA SOLIDUS (Gosse). 
Metopidia solidus Gossr, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, vol. 8, 1851, p. 201. 

In a creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (8), common; Rio 
Trinidad, above Agua Clara (10), rare. 

LEPADELLA TRIPTERA Ehrenberg. 


From Rio Grande Reservoir (5), common; Rio Grande (6), few. 


LEPADELLA IMBRICATA, new species. 
Plate 16, figs. 3-5. 


The body is subovate, a little broader anteriorly. The lorica is 
strongly gibbous with a very faint dorsal ridge; the ventral plate 
also has a faint ridge, which only extends for about two-thirds of 
its length. Two shallow longitudinal depressions extend the length 


550 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


of the body, half way between the dorsal ridge and the lateral mar- 
gins of the lorica. The ventral plate has an indistinct groove on 
each side, close to the lateral margin, as shown in the cross section 
of the body, figure 5. The anterior dorsal margin is straight, the 
ventral has a deep, V-shaped sinus. The foot opening is long, nar- 
row, and nearly parallel sided. The foot is long and slender; it has 
four joints, the posterior being nearly as long as the three anterior 
joints. The toes are straight, excessively long, and taper gradually 
to acute points. 

Total length, 128 »; length of lorica, 86 4, width, 54 »; depth, 39 y; 
width of anterior sinus, 29 », depth, 18 »; length of foot opening, 
25 pw, width, 15 y; length of foot, 39 , of last joint, 15 4; length of 
toes, 27 p. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16586, U.S.N.M., from Kenilworth, District of 
Columbia, where the species occurs in weedy ponds, not very com- 
mon. Isthmian specimens are from a stagnant pool at Empire (4), 
few; Rio Trinidad, at Escoval (11), few. 


LEPADELLA CYRTOPUS, new species. 
Plate 16, figs. 6-8. 


The body is broadly oval and evenly rounded dorsally; the ventral 
plate has near each lateral edge a very shallow longitudinal depres- 
sion. The anterior dorsal margin is nearly straight; the ventral 
plate has a very deep, evenly rounded anterior sinus. The foot 
opening is short, very broad, and widest posteriorly. The moderately 
long foot has four joints; the first, second, and fourth are nearly 
equal in length and the third joint equals the combined length of 
the first and second. The moderately long toes are asymmetric; the 
right toe tapers rapidly for half its length and ends in a very slender, 
acute point; the left toe tapers gradually to the point and is strongly 
decurved. The last joint of the foot is twisted, so that the curved 
left toe is almost directly under the right. 

Total length, 98 »; length of lorica, 70 », width, 56 », depth, 29 y; 
width of anterior sinus, 24 », depth, 19 4; length of foot opening, 
17 », posterior width, 15 y; length of foot, 32 y, of third joint, 11 p; 
length of right toe, 16 p. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16585, U.S.N.M., from a creek flowing into 
Camacho Reservoir (3), where the species is common. It also occurs 
in a pool near the railroad, between Black Swamp and Gatun (2), 
few; stagnant pool at Empire (4), few; Rio Grande Reservoir (5), 
common; Rio Grande (6), few. 


COLURELLA BICUSPIDATA (Ehrenberg). 


In a creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (3), few; Rio Grande 
Reservoir (5), few. 


‘ 


No. 2062. NEW ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA—HARRING. 55 


COLURELLA UNCINATA (Miiller). 
In a creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (3), common; stagnant 
pool at Empire (4), few; Rio Grande Reservoir (5), few; Rio Grande 


(6), few. 
SQUATINELLA MUTICA (Ehrenberg). 


Stephanops muticus EHRENBERG, Abh. Akad. Wiss., Berlin (for 1831), 1832, p. 138. 
A single specimen from a creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (3). 
TRICHOTRIA TETRACTIS (Ehrenberg). 


Dinocharis tetractis EHRENBERG, Abh. Akad. Wiss., Berlin, 1830, p. 47. 


In a pool near the railroad, between Black Swamp and Gatun (2), 
rare; Rio Trinidad, above Agua Clara (10), few. 


MACROCHAETUS COLLINSII (Gosse). 
Dinocharis collinsii GossE, Int. Obs., vol. 10, 1867, p. 269, fig. 


Ina pool near the railroad, between Black Swamp and Gatun (2), 
few; creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (3), few; Rio Cocoli, 
above lake, rare; stagnant pool at Empire (4), common; Rio Grande 
(6), rare. 

SCARIDIUM EUDACTYLOTUM Gosse. 
A single specimen from a pond east of Canal at Empire (8). 
SCARIDIUM LONGICAUDUM (Miiller). 


In a creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (3), few; stagnant pool 
at Empire (4), few; Rio Trinidad, above Agua Clara (10), few. 


TRICHOCERCA BICRISTATA (Gosse). 
Rattulus bicristatus JENNINGS, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 22, 1903, p. 330, 
pl. 9, figs. 77-80. 


From a pond east of canal at Empire (8), rare; Rio Trinidad, at 


Escoval (11), few. 
TRICHOCERCA PUSILLA (Jennings). 


Rattulus pusillus Jennies, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., vol. 22, 1903, p. 339, pl. 9, 
figs. 81-85. 

From a stagnant pool at Empire (4), few; Rio Grande Reservoir 

(5), few; pond at Miraflores, back water of Rio Camitillo (12), few. 


TRICHOCERCA NITIDA, new species. 


Plate 17, fig. 2. 


The body is moderately long, straight on the ventral side and 
gibbous dorsally. The head sheath is set off from the body by a 
faint constriction; it has a number of obscure longitudinal folds. 
The anterior margin is sinuate and without any teeth or spines. 
The striated area is a little less than one-third the length of the 


552 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


body. The posterior opening of the lorica is large and the bulbous 
foot projects some distance through it. The toe is half the length of 
the body, slightly recurved at the base and straight posteriorly; it 
is accompanied by two minute substyles. The dorsal antenna is on 
the striated area, opposite the constriction separating the head 
sheath from the body; the left lateral antenna is on the posterior 
third of the body; the right antenna has not been observed. 

Total length, 182 4; length of body, 122 », depth, 45 y; length of 
toe, 60 yu. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16587, U.S.N.M., is from a pond at Bohio (7); the 
species also occyrs In a stagnant pool at Empire (4) and Rio Trinidad, 
at Escoval (11); only a few specimens were found in each of the 
collections mentioned. 

This species has some resemblance to Trichocerca pusilla (Jennings) ; 
the body is, however, much more slender. 


TRICHOCERCA RATTUS (Miiller). 


Rattulus rattus JENNINGS, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., vol. 22, 1903, p. 333, pl. 11, 
figs. 100, 101. 

From Rio Grande Reservoir (5), rare; Rio Trinidad, at Escoval 

(11), few; pond north of fill work at Miraflores, back water of Rio 


Camitillo (12), rare. 
DIURELLA BRACHYURA (Gosse). 


In a creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (3), few; pond west of 
Rio Chagres, at Bohio (7), rare; Rio Trinidad, at Escoval (11), few. 


DIURELLA WEBERI Jennings. 


In a creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (3), few; Rio Grande, 


(6), rare. 
DIURELLA VOLUTA Murray. 


Owing to an insufficiency of material, the measurements were not 
given by Murray in the original description.. The length of the 
lorica is 135 y; length of toes, from 36 to 42 4; depth of body, 54 yp; 
width of body over keel, 54 4; of body alone, 45 y. 

This species occurred in collections from Rio Grande Reservoir (5), 


not common. 
DIURELLA STYLATA Epyferth. , 


From Rio Grande Reservoir (5), few; Carabali (Gorgona) Reser- 
voir, common; Rio Trinidad, at Escoval (11), few; pond at Mira- 
flores, back water of Rio Camitillo (12), few. 


DIURELLA TIGRIS (Miiller). 


From a creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (3), common; Rio 
Grande Reservoir (5), few; Rio Grande (6), few; pond east of canal 
at Empire (8), rare. 


NO. 2062. NEW ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA—HARRING. 553 


DIURELLA TENUIOR (Gosse). 


From Rio Trinidad, at Escoval (11), few. 


DIURELLA DIXON-NUTTALLI Jennings. 
From a pond at Miraflores, back water of Rio Camitillo (12), few. 
POLYARTHRA TRIGLA Ehrenberg. 
Polyarthra platyptera EHRENBERG, Infusionsth., 1838, p. 441, pl. 54, fig. 3. 


In Gatun Reservoir, few; Camacho Reservoir, few; Rio Grande 
Reservoir (5), common; Carabali (Gorgona) Reservoir, few; Rio 
Trinidad, at Escoval (11), few; pond at Miraflores, back water of 
Rio Camitillo (12), common. 


ASPLANCHNA BRIGHTWELLII Gosse. 


Isthmian specimens from both localities have trophi of a pro- 
nounced amphora type,! with a strongly developed inner tooth on 
the rami. It is improbable that this is of any special significance; 
in a pond at Fourmile Run, near Washington, where this species is 
abundant, all the material collected in 1913 had the amphora type 
of trophi, while this year the normal brightwellia type, without the 
inner tooth, is the only one found. It should be explained that the 
character of this pond has changed; last year it was without any 
fixed vegetation and the fauna practically limnetic in its composition. 
This year there is an abundance of vegetation, mainly Potamogeton 
crispum, which in places forms large tangled masses, and the fauna 
is now a Characteristic stagnant-pond fauna. 

This species occurred in a stagnant stream under the old bridge, 
Old Panama, probably Rio Alcorobo, common; Gatun Lake, 
abundant. 

TESTUDINELLA INCISA (Ternetz). 
Pterodina incisa TERNETZ, Rot. Umg. Basels, 1892, pp. 20, 41, pl. 3, figs. 19, 20. 


In creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (3), few; Rio Trinidad, 
above Agua Clara (10), rare. 


? TESTUDINELLA TRILOBATA (Anderson and Shephard). 


Pterodina trilobata ANDERSON and SHEPHARD, Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria, vol. 4, 
1892, p. 79, pl. 12, fig. 7. 

Among material collected from the railroad bridge over Black 
Swamp (1) a single specimen of a very large Testudinella occurred. 
It corresponds closely with the figure in Kirkman’s paper? with one 
exception, the median lobe of the anterior dorsal margin is produced 
asa long, slender spine. The length of the lorica, measured from 


1 Compare Powers, A case of polymorphism in Asplanchna simulating a mutation. Amer. Nat., New 
York, vol. 46, 1912, pp. 441-462, 526-552. 
2 Kirkman, Th., List of some of the Rotifera of Nata]. Journ. Royal Micr. Soc., 1901, pp. 229-241, pl. 6. 


554 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


the rounded lateral lobes, is 300”, width, 275; length of spine, 40y. 
T. mucronata (Gosse) has an anterior spine, but in specimens of this 
species from Mexico City it is broad at the base and without the 
lateral lobes of YT. trilobata. Mexican specimens measure 150 4 
(Gosse and Weber give the size as 140 »), which would hardly appear 
compatible with the specific identity of the two forms. Whether 
Kirkman’s specimens really belong to T. trilobata is a matter of some 
doubt. It is not evident from the original description that T. trilo- 
bata differs materially from T. antermedia Anderson and both are 
probably synonymous with TJ. patina (Hermann). The peculiar 
structure of the ovary described by Rousselet in a note to Kirkman’s 
paper is not mentioned by Anderson and Shephard; it is even more 
pronounced in the Black Swamp specimen, the left half of the ovary 
having three distinct branches. This species occurs also in collec- 
tions made by Dr. Chancey Juday, of the University of Wisconsin, at 
Los Amates, Guatemala. Daday found it in Paraguay, describing it 
as Pterodina mucronata Gosse;! he notes the resemblance in the 
structure of the ovary to Kirkman’s animal. 


TESTUDINELLA PATINA (Hermann). 
Pterodina patina EHRENBERG, Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1830, p. 48. 


In a collection from the railroad bridge over Black Swamp (1), 
rare; creek flowing into Camacho Reservoir (3), rare; stagnant pool 


at Empire (4), few. 
PEDALIA MIRA (Hudson). 


Pedalion mira Hupson, Monthly Micr. Journ., vol. 6, 1871, p. 121, pl. 94, figs. 1-4. 


Abundant in Gatun Lake; Rio Grande Reservoir (5), rare; Carabali 
(Gorgona) Reservoir, rare; pond at Miraflores, back water of Rio 
Camitillo (12), common. 


FILINIA LONGISETA (Ehrenberg). 


Triarthra longiseta EHRENBERG, Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin (for 1833), 1834, p. 222, 
pl. 8, fig. 1. 


In Gatun Lake, few; back water of Rio Chagres at Las Bocas del 
Gatun, few; bayou of French Canal about 2 miles south of Gatun, 


few. 
FLOSCULARIA RINGENS (Linnaeus). 


Melicerta ringens ScHRANK, Fauna Boica, vol. 3, pt. 2, 1803, p. 310. 
From Rio Trinidad, above Agua Clara (10), few. 


LIMNIAS CERATOPHYLLI Schrank. 


Among weeds in Rio Trinidad, at Escoval (11), few. 


1 Daday, E. von, Siisswasser-Mikrofauna Paraguays, 1905, p. 116, pl. 6, fig. 20. 


NO. 2062. NEW ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA—HARRING. bdo 


PTYGURA LONGIPES (Wills). 
Oecistes umbella Hupson, Journ. Royal Micr. Soc., 1879, p. 1, pl. 1. 


From Rio Trinidad, above Agua Clara (10), few. 
PTYGURA PECTINIFER (Murray). 
Oecistes pectinifer Murray, Journ. Royal Micr. Soc., 1913, p. 241, pl. 10, fig.14. 


A single fully extended and numerous partially or completely 
contracted specimens from Rio Trinidad, above Agua Clara (10). 


SINANTHERINA SPINOSA (Thorpe). 
Megalotrocha spinosa Tuorre, Journ. Royal Micr. Soc., 1893, p. 151, pl. 3, fig. 6. 


From a stagnant pool by the railroad, north of bridge over Black 
Swamp, rare; pool near railroad, between Black Swamp and Gatun 
(2), few. 

CONOCHILUS HIPPOCREPIS (Schrank). 


Conochilus volvox EHRENBERG, Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin (for 1833), 1834, p. 224. 


In a collection from railroad bridge over Black Swamp (1), few; 
pond west of Rio Chagres at Bohio (7), few. 


COLLOTHECA POLYPHEMA, new species. 
Plate 17, fig. 4. 


The body is of moderate length and nearly cylindrical; it tapers 
gradually to the short foot and passes without noticeable constriction 
into the corona, which has five short, blunt lobes, the dorsal being a 
little longer than the others. The setae are confined to the tips of the 
lobes. At the base of the dorsal lobe is a large, rectangular eyespot, 
apparently formed by the fusion of the usual two, being twice as 
broad as it is long; occasionally a trace of a dividing line appears to 
exist. The internal organs are normal, with the exception of two 
round, thin, disklike glandular bodies at the base of the corona, 
not far apart and well toward the dorsal side. Their nature and 
functions are unknown; it is possible that they may be the subcere- 
bral glands, but it should be noted that no trace of these has been 
found in any other species of the genus. Intra—vitam staining has not 
been tried. ‘The jelly-case is, as usual in free-swimming Collothe- 
cidae, attached to the foot by a fairly long, hardened cement-thread, 
corresponding to the peduncle of the sessile forms. ‘The resting egg 
is shown in the figure; the yolk-mass is covered with numerous, close- 
set conical projections, which are surrounded by the outer shell. 

Total length, 240 p. 

Type.—Cat. No. 16588, U.S.N.M., from Kenilworth, District of 
Columbia, where the species is at times abundant. It has been found 
also in ponds at Lakeland, Maryland, and at Fourmile Run, Virginia. 
It was found in Isthmian collections, narcotized according to the 
de Beauchamp method, from a pond at Bohio (7), common; Rio 


556 PROCEEDINGS OF TH# NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


Grande Reservoir (5), common. The description and notes are based 
on local material. 

This species forms a strange connecting link between the sessile 
and the previously described free-swimming species of the genus, 
which all have vibratile cilia on the corona, while this has rigid setae 
like the sessile forms. Its mode of locomotion is as surprising as 
it is unique. When -the animal is fully extended, as in the figure, 
and a change of location is decided upon, the corona is spread out as 
far as possible, and, using it as a ‘‘floating anchor,” the foot is con- 
tracted with a sudden jerk; the corona is then rapidly folded and 
shot forward by extending the foot to its utmost limits, the jelly- 
case now acting as anchor. The corona is then unfolded and the 
same laborious cycle repeated again and again, until the point of 
destination is reached. 

It is evident that this species is much more closely related to the 
sessile than to the free-swimming forms and it also appears to 
unite these two sections of the genus into an inseparable whole. 


ROTARIA NEPTUNIA (Ehrenberg). 


Actinurus neptunius EHERNBERG, Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin (for 1831), 1832, p. 
145, pl. 4, fig. 23. 

From a sluggish stream in savannas between Panama and Old 
Panama, few; pond at Miraflores, back water of Rio Camitillo (12), 
rare. 

Contracted Bdelloids occurred in nearly all the collections; only 
those species are listed, which may be recognized by some structural 
peculiarity even in the contracted state. 


ROTARIA MACRURA (Ehrenberg). * 


Rotifer macrurus EHRENBERG, Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin (for 1831), 1832, p. 145, 
pl. 4, fig. 22. 


Among algae on the rocks in a stream flowing into Gatun Reser- 
voir, common. 


DISSOTROCHA MACROSTYLA (Ehrenberg). 


Philodina macrostyla EHRENBERG, Infusionsth., 1838, p. 500, pl. 61, fig. 7. 


In a pool near the railroad, between Black Swamp and Gatun (2), 
few; stagnant pool at Empire (4), few. 


NOTES ON DISTRIBUTION. 


To facilitate comparison and especially on account of its bearing 
on the origin of the as yet unrecorded rotatorian fauna of Gatun 
Lake in its present extent, the following list of the collections from 
the more important localities, arranged with reference to the Conti- 
nental Divide, will be of interest. 


No. 2062. NEW ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA—HARRING. 557 


ATLANTIC WATERSHED. 


From THE RartroaD BRIDGE OVER Buiack Swamp (1). 


Notommata copeus. Lecane curvicornis. 
Brachionus mirabilis. Lecane leontina. 

Platyias quadricornis. * | Testudinella trilobata (?). 
Mytilina trigona. Testudinella patina. 
Euchlanis triquetra (?). Conochilus hippocrepis. 


Dipleuchlanis propatula. 


PooL NEAR THE RAILROAD, BETWEEN Biack Swamp AND GATUN (2). 


Notommata pseudocerberus. Lecane nana. 
Pleurotrocha sordida. Lecane ploenensis. 
Monommata orbis. Lecane ungulata. 
Dicranophorus forcipatus. Monostyla bulla. 
Platyias quadricornis. Monostyla closterocerca. 
Mytilina ventralis. Monostyla cornuta. 
Euchlanis dilatata. Monostyla decipiens. 
Euchlanis plicata. | Monostyla furcata. 
Lecane aeganea. Monostyla pyriformis. 
Lecane arcula. Monostyla rugosa. 
Lecane compta. Monostyla virga. 
Lecane crepida. Lepadella cyrtopus. 
Lecane doryssa. Trichotria tetratis. 
Lecane ercodes. Macrochaetus collinsii. 
Lecane hornemanni. Sinantherina spinosa. 
Lecane leontina. Dissotrocha macrostyla. 


Lecane luna. 


GatTuN LAKE. 


Brachionus angularis caudatus. Monostyla bulla. 
Brachionus capsuliflorus (bakeri). Polyarthra trigla. 
Brachionus falcatus. Pedalia mira. 
Brachionus patulus macracanthus. Filinia longiseta. 
Keratella stipitata. Asplanchna brightwellii. 


Rro TRINIDAD, ABOUT | MILE FROM MOUTH (9). 


Dicranophorus forcipatus. Monostyla cornuta. 
Lecane arcula. Monostyla furcata. 
Lecane ploenensis. Monostyla pyriformis. 


Rio TRINIDAD, ABOVE AGUA CLARA (10). 


Notommata pseudocerberus. Monostyla obtusa. 
Diaschiza forficata. Monostyla pyriformis, 
Diaschiza auriculata. Monostyla quadridentata, 
Mytilina ventralis. . Monostyla rugosa. 
Lecane arcula. Monostyla virga. 

Lecane compia. Lepadella solidus. 
Lecane hornemanni. Trichotria tetractis. 
Monostyla bulla. Scaridium longicaudum. 
Monostyla closterocerca. Testudinella incisa. 
Monostyla cornuta. Floscularia ringens. 
Monostyla furcata. Ptygura longipes. 


Monostyla hamata. Ptygura pectinifer. 


558 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Rio Trinipap, at Escovat (11). 


Diaschiza for ficata. 
Monommata longiseta. 
Euchlanis dilatata. 
Euchlanis oropha. 
Lecane amor pha. 
Lecane arcula. 

Lecane ludwigit. 
Lecane papuana. 
Monostyla closterocerca. 
Monostyla cornuta. 
Monestyla decipiens. 


Monostyla hamata. 
Monostyla virga. 
Lepadella imbricata. 
Lepadella patella. 
Trichocerca bicristata. 
Trichocerca nitida. 
Diurella brachyura. 
Diurella stylata. 
Diurella tenwior. 
Polyarthra trigla. 
Limnias ceratophylli. 


CREEK FLOWING INTO CAMACHO RESERVOIR (3). 


Monostyla bulla. 
Monostyla closterocerca. 
Monostyla cornuta. 
Monostyla decipiens. 
Monostyla furcata. 
Monostyla hamata. 
Monostyla lunaris. 


Notommata cerberus. 

Diaschiza forficata. 

Diaschiza gibba. 

Diaschiza gracilis. 

Monommata orbis. 

Dicrano phorus forcipatus. 
Brachionus patulus macracanthus. 


Keratella quadrata. Monostyla pyriformis. 
Keratelia stipitata. Lepadella cyrtopus. 
Euchlanis oropha. Lepadella solidus. 


Colurella bicuspidata. 
Colurella uncinata. 
Squatinella mutica. 
Macrochaetus collinsii. 


Dipleuchlanis propatula. 
Lecane arcula. 

Lecane crepida. 

Lecane flexilis. 

Lecane hornemanni. 
Lecane leontina. Diurella brachyura. 
Lecane ludwigii. Diurella tigris. 
Lecane luna. Diurella weberi. 
Lecane ploenensis. Testudinella incisa. 
Lecane tenuiseta. Testudinella patina. 
Monostyla bifurea. 


CARABALI (GORGONA) RESERVOIR). 


Brachionus angularis caudatus. 
Brachionus budapestinensis. 
Anuraeopsis fissa. 


Diurella stylata. 
Polyarthra trigla. 
Pedalia mira. 


Ponp west or Rio Cuaares at Bonto (7). 


Brachionus dolabratus. 
Brachionus angularis caudatus. 
Brachionus patulus macracanthus. 
Keratella stipitata. 

Notholea longispina. 


Monostyla virga. 
Trichocerca nitida. 
Diurella brachyura. 
Conochilus hippocrepis. 
Collotheca polyphema. 


POND EAST OF CANAL AT EmpIre (8). 


Scaridium longicaudum. 


Lecane leontina. 
Lecane ludwigit. 
Lecane ploenensis. 
Monostyla bulla. 
Monostyla cornuta. 


Monostyla virga. 


Scaridium eudactylotum. 


Trichocerca bicristata. 
Diurella tigris. 


VOL. 47. 


No. 2062. NEW ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA—HARRING. 559 


STAGNANT POOL AT THE END OF CANAL CUT, EMPIRE (4). 


Dicranophorus forcipatus. 
Encentrum felis. 
Brachionus patulus. 
Brachionus patulus macracanthus. 
Keratella stipitata. 
Mytilina trigona. 
Euchlanis dilatata. 
Euchlanis plicata. 
Dipleuchlanis propatula. 
Lecane arcula. 

Lecane compta. 

Lecane crepida. 

Lecane curvicornis. 
Lecane flexilis. 

Lecane leontina. 

Lecane luna. 

Lecane marshi. 

Lecane papuana. 


Lecane ploenensis. 
Lecane pusilla. 

Lecane sibina. 
Monostyla bulla. 
Monostyla cornuta. 
Monostyla furcata. 
Monostyla hamata. 
Monostyla obtusa. 
Monostyla pyriformis. 
Monostyla quadridentata. 
Lepadella cyrtopus. 
Lepadella imbricata. 
Colurella uncinata. 
Macrochaetus collinsii. 
Scaridium longicaudum. 
Trichocerca pusilla. 
Testudinella patina. 
Dissotrocha macrostyla. 


PACIFIC WATERSHED. 


Ponp At MIRAFLORES; BACK WATER OF Rio CamITILLO (12). 


Notommata aurita. 

Brachionus angularis caudatus. 
Brachionus capsuliflorus (bakert). 
Brachionus patulus macracanthus. 
Platyias quadricornis. 

Keratella stipitata. 

Euchlanis dilatata. 

Dipleuchlanis propatula. 


Lecane papuana. 
Trichocerca pusilla. 
Trichocerca rattus. 
Diurella dixon-nuttalli. 
Diurella stylata. 
Polyarthra trigla. 
Pedalia mira. 

Rotaria neptunia. 


Rio GRANDE, RIVER (6). 


Dicranophorus forcipatus. 
Brachionus capsuliflorus (bakert). 
Brachionus patulus macracanthus. 
Keratella stipitata. 

Mytilina ventralis. 

Euchlanis dilatata. 

Dipleuchlanis propatula. 

Lecane arcula. 

Lecane crepida. 

Lecane curvicornis. 

Lecane hornemanni. 

Lecane papuana. 


Lecane pusilla. 
Monostyla bulla. 
Monostyla cornuta. 
Monostyla furcata. 
Monostyla pyriformis. 
Monostyla rugosa. 
Lepadella cyrtopus. 
Lepadella triptera. 
Colurella uncinata. 
Macrochaetus collinsii. 
Diurella tigris. 
Diurella weberi. 


Rio GRANDE RESERVOIR, NEAR RAILROAD BRIDGE (5). 


Dicranophorus forcipatus. 
Brachionus capsuliflorus (bakert). 
Keratella stipitata. 

Anuraeopsis fissa. 

Mytilina ventralis. 


Euchlanis plicata. 
Dipleuchlanis propatula. 
Lecane arcula. 

Lecane crepida. 

Lecane curvicornis. 


560 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


Lecane elegans. Monostyla virga. 
Lecane hornemanni. Lepadella cyrtopus. 
Lecane papuana. Lepadella triptera. 
Monostyla bulla. Colurella bicuspidata. 
Monostyla closterocerca. Colurella uncinata. 
Monostyla cornuta. Trichocerca pusilla. 
Monostyla decipiens. Trichocerca rattus. 
Monostyla hamata. Diurella stylata. 
Monostyla lunaris. Diurella tigris. 
Monostyla obtusa. Diurella voluta. 
Monostyla pyriformis. : Polyarthra trigla. 
Monostyla quadridentata. Pedalia mira. 
Monostyla rugosa. Collotheca polyphema. 


Of the 109 species and distinct varieties recorded, 46 are common 
to the Atlantic and Pacific slopes, 55 occur only on the Atlantic, 
and 8 only on the Pacific slope. This group of 63 species includes 
but 20 occurring in sufficient numbers to be termed common—16 
Atlantic and 4 Pacific species. It is questionable whether these fig- 
ures demonstrate anything beyond the already known lack of suit- 
able environments on the Pacific slope. 

The closely related genera Lecane and Monostyla exhibit some inter- 
esting anomalies of distribution. Of the 13 species of Monostyla, 
12 are common to the Atlantic and Pacific slopes; Lecane is repre- 
sented by 22 species, only 7 of which occur in both watersheds. 

Four species of these two genera, Lecane amorpha, L. flexilis, L. 
tenuiseta, and Monostyla bifurca, to which may be added a fifth, 
Monostyla (=Diarthra) monostyla, found by Daday in Paraguay, 
occur on the Isthmus in ponds, while here at Washington they are 
found only in Sphagnum. This change of habitat is without any 
obvious explanation; the reverse would have been more intelligible. 
If only one species had been involved it might have been passed over, 
but when the same peculiar environmental relation is found to apply 
to five species, there must be some definite cause for it, whatever that 
may be. 

The fauna of Gatun Lake at the time the collections were made 
was practically a normal pond fauna, as demonstrated by comparison 
with similar localities on the Isthmus. Rio Trinidad, in the region 
represented, was virtually stagnant. It is surprising to find so few 
species common to these two connected bodies of water. The lake 
fauna would be expected to be transplanted from Rio Trinidad; evi- 
dently this did not occur, and its origin must have been in the small 
ponds which existed in the territory before the construction of the 
lake and were gradually engulfed. 

If the Isthmian list is compared with Murray’s of the collections 
made by him in Chile, Argentina, and Brazil, a sufficiently close agree- 
ment will be found to warrant the conclusion that the rotatorian 


No. 2062. NEW ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA—HARRING. 561 


fauna of the Isthmus is South American. This is merely corrobora- 
tive of the reports on other groups, which have established the agree- 
ment of the Isthmian fauna in general with that of South America. 

The two lists record a total of 138 species, of which 35 are hmited 
to South and Central America. As both lists are fragmentary by 
reason of the nearly complete absence of the illoricate species, a more 
accurate judgment may be arrived at by a study of the genera Lecane 
and Monostyla, in which all the species are recognizable, even when 
contracted. A total of 43 species belonging to these two genera occur 
in the combined lists, 21 of which are not known outside of the South 
American faunal region and 26 species are known only from the Amer- 
ican continent. Naturallyboth Murray’sand this list have their quota 
of rare species, but many of the exclusively South American species 
are abundant, such as Lecane arcula, L. compia, L. crepida, L. curvi- 
cornis, L. nana, L. pusilla, Monostyla decipiens, M. furcata, M. pyri- 
formis, M. rugosa, and M. virga. No doubt some of these will even- 
tually be found elsewhere, but on the other hand it is at least equally 
probable that many more undescribed species exist in South America, 
in view of the limited territory represented by the collections, and 
the conclusion that it is entirely proper to speak of a distinctly South 
American rotatorian fauna seems therefore irresistible. 

The localization of so many species of Rotatoria should go far to 
disprove the importance of birds as agents of dissemination. No one 
will of course deny that birds do influence distribution to some extent, 
but it is extremely doubtful whether it amounts to more than equal- 
izing the fauna of circumscribed localities. That any long-distance 
transmission takes place is a purely gratuitous assumption; it is ren- 
dered highly improbable, if not actually disproved, by the diversity 
of the rotatorian faunas of North and South America. It is well 
known that our migratory birds winter on the shores of the Caribbean 
and countless millions make the trip every year, so that the rotatorian 
fauna of America from the Equator to the Arctic Circle should be 
sensibly uniform, if birds were even accidental carriers. The indi- 
cated great diversity of the North and South American faunas flatly 
contradicts this. 

While it has been frequently claimed that the Rotatoria are dis- 
tributed all over the world with something approaching monotonous 
uniformity, the evidence upon which this assertion is based appears 
entirely too fragmentary to draw any such far-reaching conclusions 
from. And it would be necessary to bring forward irrefutable evi- 
dence, as a uniform, cosmopolitan distribution is unknown in any 
other subdivision of the animal world. It seems particularly out of 
place in the case of the Rotatoria, as it is in direct opposition to the 
better known facts of the distribution of the Entomostraca, which as 
far as we know ought to be sensibly parallel, at least the adaptation 

34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——36 


562 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


to and means for distribution are identical in both cases. It has long 
ago been demonstrated that some Entomostraca are cosmopolitan, 
while many are more or less localized, and there is every reason to 
believe that the same holds good for the Rotatoria. A majority of 
the species are, upon the basis of our present knowledge, limited to 
particular localities. That this localization may be in some cases 
only apparent is obvious; there is no doubt that many animals now 
considered rare will eventually be shown to have a wide distribution. 
But it should be evident that, if we begin by assuming universal 
distribution, it is unlikely that anything will be discovered to dis- 
prove it, not only because it is not searched for, but also on account 
of no attempt being made to correlate the acquired evidence. 

That many species of Rotatoria undoubtedly do enjoy a world-wide 
distribution is certain. This is not surprising, considering the great 
age of this group, which, even if not demonstrated by paleontological 
evidence, may reasonably be inferred from the well known fact that 
the origin of Arthropods dates back to the unrecorded interval 
between the Archaean and Paleozoic eras; that all the major divi- 
sions of the lower Invertebrates originated long before the appearance 
of the Arthropods is now universally accepted, and on this basis it is 
not difficult to account for the extensive distribution of many species 
of Rotatoria. In this connection it may not be out of place to call 
attention to the fact that the earliest known bird, Archaeopteryz, is 
of Jurassic age, so that if the Rotatoria had been dependent on dis- 
tribution by birds, they would have become extinct ages before dis- 
persal could have occurred. It is also quite possible that bird 
migrations may be of comparatively recent origin. 

For the reasons given, it would seem that the universal distribution 
theory is at least unsafe as a working hypothesis, if not actually harm- 
ful. A careful study of the rotatorian fauna of any locality whatever 
is still worth while, until we have far more complete records than we 
now possess. Systematic work, including faunal lists, may not be 
the most satisfying to the investigator, but both are the foundation 
upon which the whole structure must be erected. 

One of the consequent drawbacks of the universal distribution 
theory is that many forms without doubt remain unrecorded, if show- 
ing a certain resemblance to some known species. As partly responsi- 
ble for this one may also consider the imprecations so often hurled at 
the head of the unfortunate who happens to give a new name to an 
old species, surely a minor offense, provided the description and figure 
are both good. Itis very much easier to relegate a name to synonymy 
than to sift out a number of species traveling under the same name, 
and if merely listed without description and figure it is obviously 
impossible to determine the identity of the animal which the observer 
had before him. 


No. 2062. NEW ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA—HARRING. 563 


The crying need of rotatorian taxonomy is at present exact and 
full descriptions of all the known species. Too much stress can not 
be laid upon complete descriptions. It is not sufficient to differen- 
tiate the species from all others known to-day. It is quite evident 
that we know as yet only a small fraction of the total number of spe- 
cies of Rotatoria extant, consequently a description (and figure) 
should record all that can be ascertained in order to enable the future 
discoverer of a closely related animal to decide whether his specimen 
belongs to an old species or is really an undescribed form. This should 
not be construed as disparaging comparisons with known species. 
These are very useful, but should be only accessory. Our main 
dependence must be a detailed and full description. By description 
is to be understood not merely the word picture, but also the figure, 
which in the absence of a fixed terminology is absolutely necessary. 
It is indeed doubtful whether combinations of words will ever be 
sufficient to differentiate Rotatoria without being supplemented by 


an illustration. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
All figures are highly magnified. For actual measurements see text. 
PLATE 16. 

Fig. 1. Brachionus dolabratus, ventral view; page 529. 
. Brachionus dolabratus, lateral view. 
. Lepadella imbricata, ventral view; page 549. 
. Lepadella imbricata, lateral view. 
. Lepadella imbricata, cross section of body. 
. Lepadella cyrtopus, ventral view; page 550. 
. Lepadella cyrtopus, lateral view. 
. Lepadella cyrtopus, cross section of body. 


IO oe WwW tO Fe 


oo 


PLATE 17. 
Fig. 1. Brachionus patulus macracanthus, dorsal view; page 530. 
. Trichocerca nitida, lateral view; page 551. 
Lecane curvicornis, lateral view; page 535. 


. Collotheca polyphema, lateral view; page 555. 2 


m OO bo 


PLATE 18. 
Fig. 1. Lecane marshi, ventral view; page 537. 
. Lecane marshi, lateral view. 
. Lecane marshi, dorsal view. 
. Lecane ercodes, ventral view; page 537. 
. Lecane ercodes, lateral view. 
. Lecane ercodes, dorsal view. 


aor WNW FE 


Puate 19, 
Fig. 1. Lecane flexilis, ventral view; page 538. 
. Lecane flexilis, lateral view. 
. Lecane flexilis, dorsal view. 
. Lecane arcula, ventral view; page 539. 
. Lecane arcula, lateral view. 
. Lecane arcula, dorsal view. 


oor wh = 


564 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


0 — 00 0 oe 


Puiate 20. 


Fig. 1. Lecane compta, ventral view; page 540. 
2. Lecane compta, lateral view. 
3. Lecane compta, dorsal view. 
4. Lecane pusilla, ventral view; page 541. 
5. Lecane pusilla, lateral view. ; 
6. Lecane pusilla, dorsal view. 


Puate 21. 
Fig. 1. Lecane aeganea, ventral view; page 542. 
2. Lecane aeganea, lateral view. 
3. Lecane aeganea, dorsal view. 
4. Lecane doryssa, ventral view; page 542. 
5. Lecane doryssa, lateral view. 
6. Lecane doryssa, dorsal view. 


PuaTE 22. 


Fig. 1. Lecane tenuiseta, ventral view; page 543. 
2. Lecane tenuiseta, lateral view. 
3. Lecane tenuiseta, dorsal view. 
4. Lecane crepida, ventral view; page 533. 
5. Lecane crepida, lateral view. 
6. Lecane crepida, dorsal view. 
7. Lecane crepida, cross section of body. 


PLATE 23. 


. Lecane amorpha, ventral view; page 544. 
. Lecane amorpha, lateral view. 

. Lecane elegans, ventral view; page 544. 

. Lecane elegans, lateral view. 

. Lecane sibina, ventral view; page 535. 

. Lecane sibina, lateral view. 

. Lecane sibina, dorsal view. 


Fig. 


IO oF WON 


PuaTE 24. 
Fig. 1. Monostyla virga, ventral view; page 546. 
. Monostyla virga, lateral view. 
. Monostyla virga, dorsal view. 
. Monostyla rugosa, ventral yiew; page 548. 
. Monostyla rugosa, lateral view. 
. Monostyla rugosa, dorsal view. 


aooarhrwnr- 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 16 


New ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA. 


For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 563. 


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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 17 


NEW ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 563. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 18 


NEW ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA. 


For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 563. 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 19 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


New ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA. 


For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 563. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 20 


New ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA. 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 564. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 21 


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New ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA. 


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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 22 


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FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 564. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 23 


NEw ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 564. 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 24 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


New ROTATORIA FROM PANAMA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 564. 


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NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS BELONGING 
TO THE LERNAEOPODIDAE, WITH A REVISION OF THE 
ENTIRE FAMILY. 


By Cuar_Les Brancn WILSON. 
Department of Biology, State Normal School, Westfield, Massachusetts. 


INTRODUCTION. 


The present is the eleventh’ paper in the series based on the 
collection of parasitic copepods in the United States National Mu- 
seum and deals with the family Lernaeopodidae. 

For several reasons the necessity of supplemental study has been 
greater than in connection with any of the families previously treated. 
The Lernaeopodidae are soft-bodied, without any chitin framework, 
external or internal, to hold theminshape. Consequently they shrink 
and often become so distorted during preservation that the museum 
specimen gives very little idea of the original. Most of the species 
are transparent when alive, and much of their internal anatomy can 
then be plainly seen. But in a preservative they become opaque and 
require dissecting or sectioning before anything can be learned with 
regard to their internal structure. 

Finally a knowledge of both sexes of the various genera, and of 
the developmental stages through which the larvae pass has been 
found necessary for the establishment of a rational basis of classifica- 
tion. And the greater bulk of such information must be obtained 
outside of a museum collection. 

The development of the family was worked out at Lake Maxin- 
kuckee, Indiana, during the summers of 1906, 1908, and 1909, and 
has already been published as the ninth paper of the present series. 

Isolated developmental stages and the males of many species were 
obtained at Beaufort, North Carolina, while working for the United 


1The ten preceding papers, all of which were published in the Proceedings of the United States 
National Museum, are: 1. The Argulidae, vol. 25, pp. 635-742, pls. 8-27. 2. Descriptions of Argulidae, 
vol. 27, pp. 627-655, 38 text-figures. 3. The Caliginae, vol. 28, pp. 479-672, pls. 5-29. 4. The Trebinae 
and Euryphorinae, vol. 31, pp. 669-720, pls. 15-20. 5. Additional notes on the Argulidae, vol. 32, pp. 
411-424, pls. 29-32. 6. The Pandarinae and Cecropinae, vol. 33, pp. 323-490, pls. 17-43. 7. New Species 
of Caliginae, vol. 33, pp. 593-627, pls. 49-56. 8. Parasitic Copepods from the Pacific Coast, vol. 35, pp. 
431-481, pls. 66-83. 9. Development of Achtheres ambloplitis Kellicott, vol. 39, pp. 189-226, pls. 29-36. 
10. The Ergasilidae, vol. 39, pp. 263-400, pls. 41-60. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 47—No. 2063. 
565 


566 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. ‘ 


States Bureau of Fisheries. For these excellent advantages the author — 
is indebted to the courtesy of the Hon. George M. Bowers, former 
United States Commissioner of Fisheries. 

The internal anatomy has been derived partly from the study of 
living specimens at each of the above localities, and partly from 
serial sections made in the laboratory of Johns Hopkins University, 
as noted in the ninth paper above mentioned. 

A number of specimens, including several of the new species, were 
collected by Dr. Edwin Linton during his investigations on the 
cestode and trematode parasites of fishes, and were generously turned 
over by him to the present author. These specimens are always 
excellently preserved and have proved of great value in the present 
study. 

Several years ago Dr. R. R. Gurley, at that time in the employ of 
the United States Bureau of Fisheries, collected in manuscript form 
all the available data regarding copepods parasitic upon our North 
American freshwater fishes. These notes have been placed at the 
author’s disposal, and as they included complete translations of 
everything written on North American species by foreign authors 
they have proved extremely valuable. Acknowledgment is made in 
the text whenever these notes have been incorporated. 

Dr. Nathan Fasten, of the Department of Zoology at the Univer- 
sity of Wisconsin, has recently published three excellent papers on 
the habits and development of a species of this family which infests 
the common brook trout. At the author’s request Dr. Fasten very 
kindly loaned mounted specimens of the copepodid larvae and male 
of this species, Salmincola edwardsti, which have been of much use for 
study and comparison. 

As here constituted the family includes 23 genera and 136 species, 
of which 12 genera and 21 species are new to science. 

In addition there are several other genera and species which at one 
time or another have been included in this family, but which must be 
regarded as synonyms or as not sufficiently well established to be 


definitely located. 
ECOLOGY. 


Wherever the Lernaeopodidae may be placed in any scheme of 
classification, all authors will agree that they are fixed parasites and 
extremely degenerate. Consequently we should look for marked 
sexual dimorphism, a partial or total loss of the powers of locomotion, 
and a corresponding complexity in the means of prehension. And 
we find these abundantly exemplified. 

Sexual dimorphism.—The differences between the sexes manifest 
themselves not only in an enormous disparity in size, coupled with 
a corresponding dissimilarity in the structure of the body and its 
appendages, but also in the methods and extent of prehension and 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 567 


locomotion. Such dimorphism as has to do with structure will be 
treated under morphology (see p. 571), while that which concerns 
locomotion and prehension follows under those headings respectively. 

Locomotion.—The larvae alone in this family possess the ability 
to swim about freely and that only for a remarkably short period, 
during which they must seek out a host and attach themselves to it. 
During this free stage the larva swims about actively with a jerky 
spiral motion by means of its two pairs of swimming legs. Fasten in 
his experiments with the brook trout parasite, Salmincola edwardsii, 
found that the average distance covered by a single contraction of 
the swimming legs was about an inch. When the motion ceased the 
larva at first took an upright position, then turned upside down and 
sank to the bottom where it lay as it struck, with either the dorsal 
or ventral side uppermost. It was also able by means of its first 
antennae to cling to the side of the aquarium, or to suspend itself 
from the surface film of the water. By means of its peculiar spiral 
locomotion it is enabled to cover the maximum of territory with the 
minimum of muscular energy. 

Female.—After the female larva has once become attached it can 
not loosen this connection and form another, but must remain in the 
same place all the rest of its life. If the arms (second maxillae) are 
short, as in many species of Clavella, scarcely any freedom of motion 
can be enjoyed. The parasite is not only fixed in position, but it 
can not turn or flex its body, and becomes fully as helpless as some of 
the Lernacidae or Chondracanthidae, whose head and neck are buried 
in the flesh of their host. On the other hand, if the attachment 
organs are long and slender as in many species of Brachiella, Lernae- 
opodina, etc., while the tips of these arms remain at a fixed point the 
body of the parasite can describe quite an arc. The arms are sup- 
plied with powerful muscles which swing the body to one side or 
restore it again when once displaced. In this way the animal often 
escapes being brushed or scraped off from the fish, especially those 
species which attach theselves to the fins, where, of course, there is the 
greatest danger. After the female is once fastened to her host she 
loses during subsequent moults the two pairs of swimming legs which 
were all the locomotor organs she ever possessed. She finds excellent 
aeration for her eggs and a good position from whence to discharge 
the copepodid larvae when once they have matured. And there is 
also an abundance of food, so that she is well provided for during life. 

Male.—The free-swimming period of the male larva is no longer 
than that of the female, and the two often fasten themselves side by 
side upon the same fish. But while this attachment is permanent 
in the case of the female, it is only temporary for the male. 

When the two have become sexually mature the male, on swinging 
around upon its attachment filament and coming in contact with the 


568 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 47. 


body of a female, lets go of the filament and fastens himself to the 
female by his second maxillae and maxillipeds, and remains upon her 
body for the rest of his life. Not being permanently fixed, he is 
able to crawl about over the female’s body, and is found sometimes in 
one position, sometimes in another. But such motion is slow amd 
laborious and probably is only practiced when necessary. Unlike the 
female the male does not always lose his swimming legs, but may 
retain them; they become very small and dwarfed, however, and lose 
all their swimming setae, so that they are no longer of any service as 
locomotor organs. Furthermore the male does not increase in size 
with successive molts like the female, but remains dwarfed, little if 
any larger than in its copepodid stage. The mating of the sexes 
in this family takes place upon reaching maturity, just after the molt 
at the close of the second copepodid stage. But the male may remain 
clinging to the body of the female long after this mating, sometimes 
possibly throughout the life of the latter. 

Prehension.—The organs of prehension are the second maxillae 
and maxillipeds. As explained elsewhere,! the copepodid larvae, 
both male and female, seize their host with the maxillipeds, rub 
the frontal margin of the head against the skin of the gill arch or 
fin until the outer end of the attachment filament is firmly glued 
in place by means of the adhesive fluid it contains. As the coiled 
filament is drawn out of the head, or subsequently, the larva grasps 
its inner end between the claws at the tip of its second maxillae. 

Fasten,? observing Salmincola edwardsw under the microscope, 
describes its attachment as follows: . . . ‘‘As soon as the copepod 
comes in contact with the filament of the gill its mouth parts (max- 
illipeds) are inserted into the flesh, and by means of the powerful 
claw-like second maxillae it begins to rasp the filament until it forms a 
cavity within it. As soon as this occurs, the anterior portion of the 
copepod’s head, the frontal margin, is brought in contact with the 
cavity and the inclosed attachment filament is injected into the hole. 
The spherical mushroom body adheres to the flesh and the regenerat- 
ing tissue of the gill soon incloses it tightly, thereby fastening the 
organism firmly. The mouth parts are then withdrawn from the 
flesh of the gill filament. In this condition the parasite remains 
attached for a short time. Then the second maxillae detach the pos- 
terior region of the attachment filament from the head margin and 
they themselves become permanently attached to this end of the 
filament.’ 

The exact time or even the method of attachment are specific or 
generic in significance. That which concerns us in dealing with the 
family is the fact that the larva is attached at the first by a frontal 


1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 39, p. 211. 2Journ. Animal Behavior, vol. 3, No. 1, p. 56. 


no. 2068, NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 569 


filament. The proximal end of this filament is afterwards transferred 
to the second maxillae, which thus become the organs of prehension 
intheadult. The hold thus secured is retained by the female through- 
out life, the second maxillae gradually elongating and fusing with the 
filament. In most of the species these organs become so long that 
they entirely usurp the function of prehension, and leave the maxilli- 
peds out of commission, so far as holding the parasite on its host is 
concerned. 

In the male such fusion does not take place, but as soon as he has 
found a female the second maxillae release the frontal filament and are 
afterwards used in anormal manner as prehensile organs along with the 
maxillipeds. Accordingly in the male the second maxillae retain 
their original musculature, which is similar to that of the maxillipeds. 
And the male uses these two pairs of appendages in exactly the same 
manner, moving about the little that it is able by employing them 
alternately, grasping with the maxillipeds while it reaches forward 
with the maxillae and obtains a new hold, then releasing and reaching 
forward with the maxillipeds. In this way the organs serve the 
double purpose of prehension and locomotion, in fact all the locomo- 
tion of which the adult males are capable. 

In the female, on the contrary, the musculature of the second 
maxillae becomes highly modified. There is no further use for the 
claws, and so the muscles that would otherwise move them become 
atrophied. The rest of the muscles are gathered into long bands or 
bundles, which run the entire length of the maxilla and are strong 
enough to move the whole body. Such modified organs of prehension 
are, so far as known, peculiar to the females of the present family, and 
nothing like them is found in any of the other copepods. After being 
once attached the females are incapable of any further locomotion, 
even the sort practiced by the males so that neither pair of appendages 
can function for this purpose. If there were not some further use for 
the maxillipeds we should expect to find them dwarfed or degener- 
ated, but they retain to the full their shape and powerful musculature. 
This is because the female uses them in procuring her food. Ordi- 
narily her body hangs free from the host, supported solely by the 
second maxillae. In order to obtain requisite nourishment the head 
and mouth of the parasite must be drawn up to, and held in contact 
with, the skin of the host. This is done by means of the maxillipeds, 
and is fully as important a function as the one served by the second 
maxillae. 

Hosts—This family of parasites is widely distributed amongst 
fishes in both salt and fresh water. Some of our best food and game 
fish are infested with them, and when they once obtain entrance to 
a stock pond, fish hatchery, or aquarium they usually multiply so 
rapidly as to become a serious nuisance, and may even kill the fish. 


570 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


Their free swimming period is, of course, the only time that their 
enemies can get access to them, and this period is so brief that not 
many of the larvae are killed. 

But the brevity of this period also operates as a regulator to pre- 
vent the parasites from becoming too numerous. For unless they 
find a host during this period they quickly perish. The shorter the 
period, therefore, the fewer will be those whose search is successful. 
In the crowded confines of a stock pond, on the contrary, practically 
every larva is sure of finding a host. And all too often the gills of the 
fish become so crowded with parasites that they can not perform 
their normal functions, and the fish are suffocated. Among fresh- 
water hosts the various species of trout and salmon, the white fish 
of the Great Lakes region, and the bass and perch are the ones most 
infected, the parasites being confined to the two genera Salmincola 
and Achtheres. 

Among salt-water fish many members ot the large family of Gadidae, 
particularly the cod and haddock, the mullets (Mugilidae) the rays 
(Dasyatidae), the skates (Rajidae), and the sharks are the most com- 
mon hosts. 

Food.—These parasites feed upon the blood of their host, as is 
shown by the fact that they fasten to the gills or fins. They are also 
furnished with mandibles which were evidently designed for piercing 
the skin of their host, and whose margin is cut into saw teeth, which 
not only penetrate the flesh but also lacerate the wound and thus 
stimulate the flow of blood. Adult females are frequently obtained 
with their alimentary canal filled with blood, but the color of the 
latter is quickly removed by the digestive fluids. It is a question 
whether the male ever eats anything at all, and if he does, what con- 
stitutes his food. The following facts and considerations have an 
important bearing on this question: 

1. The adult male possesses a pair of mandibles as large, as power- 
ful, and as suited for laceration as those of the female. He has also a 
well-developed esophagus and stomach, but in all those examined 
there is no trace of an intestine or anus. 

2. There are no digestive glands connected with the alimentary 
canal, but the stomach is lined with large gland cells, which are filled 
with a liquid that undoubtedly aids in digestion. The abundance 
of these cells more than compensates for the lack of glands, and would 
be amply sufficient to digest such food as blood. 

3. The excretory glands are exceptionally large and are provided 
with good-sized ducts. It would seem as if they could take care of 
all the residue that would be left undigested. 

4. The male does not live on the body of the host, but clings tightly 
to some convenient place on the body of the female, and no specimens 
have ever been found on the fish’s gills, although repeated search has 
been made for them. Males have been found clinging to the second 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON, Sse 


maxillae of the female, and it is possible that they can craw] along 
these appendages to the fish’s gills and there obtain food. But that 
does not seem very likely, because there are many species in which the 
second maxillae are as long as the entire body, and a few species in 
which they are two or three times the body length. Such a distance 
would make a rather long journey for so slow moving a creature as 
the male, and if it was a case of traversing the distance or going 
hungry, it would most likely result in the latter. Possibly the male 
may be brought close enough to the gill when the female draws her 
body down to obtain food. At all events the male must derive what- 
ever food he eats from the. fish host and not from the body of the 
female. 

5. The spermatophores attached by the male to the sexual open- 
ings of the female are large and contain a goodly number of sperma- 
tozoa. Probably a single pair of them would supply the female with 
sufficient spermatozoa to fertilize all the eggs she can lay during her 
lifetime. Furthermore, the careful study of the sexual organs of the 
male given on pages 590, 691, indicates that only a single pair of 
these spermatophores are formed. Hence it is unlikely that the male 
lives very long after fastening the first pair in place. 

6. Both sexes necessarily go without food during the free swimming 
period, since their mouth parts then are only suited for obtaining food 
parasitically. During the second copepodid stage they both suck the 
blood of the fish upon which they have fastened. The female uses 
this food to increase greatly in size, as well as to develop her various 
organs. The male does not increase at all in size, but devotes all his 
food to the maturing of the spermatophores. After these are fully 
developed and put in place on the body of the female no more food is 
required unless a second pair is to be formed, and even then the amount 
of food demanded would be relatively much smaller. Onthe contrary, 
the female must have an abundance of food to ripen her eggs, to carry 
them in the external sacks until they hatch, and to form, ripen, carry, 
and hatch successive new batches of eggs. In view of these considera- 
tions it is reasonable to suppose that the duration of life for the male 
is much shorter than that of the female. He requires little, if any, 
food after he has transferred from the host to the body of the female. 
And the absence of an intestine and anus would insure the complete 
digestion and absorption of all the food taken previously. It seems 
probable, therefore, that the male does eat the fish’s blood while it 
remains attached to the gills, but that it gets no food after it has 
transferred to the body of the female. 


MORPHOLOGY. 


General body form of female-—Owing to the degeneration consequent 
upon fixed parasitism there has been a fusion and elimination of the 
various body regions. We can no longer distinguish a cephalon, a 


572 PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


free thorax, a genital segment, and an abdomen as in the less degen- 
erate families. These are separated in the copepodid stages of 
development, and may then be discerned with comparative distinct- 
ness. But they are entirely lost in subsequent moults, and the body 
of the adult female usually shows only two regions, and even these 
are sometimes (Basanistes) so fused that it is difficult to distinguish 
them. 

The first region corresponds to the cephalothorax in other copepods, 
and includes the head with its antennae and mouth parts, the neck, 
which is sometimes half the entire length or more, and the organs of 
attachment, the second maxillae. The remainder of the animal is 
fused together to form the other region, which we may call the trunk 
and which thus includes the posterior portion of the thorax, the 
genital segment and the abdomen. 

In the copepodid stages the segmentation of the trunk is distinct, 
but it gradually disappears with maturity, until it becomes wholly 
lost in the adult (Clavella, Basanistes), appears only in the anterior 
portion of the trunk (Lernaeopoda), or is indistinct with a fusion of 
some of the parts (Achtheres). But even in those genera which exhibit 
the most complete fusion of the body parts the musculature is still 
broken at regular intervals, each of which indicates a point of 
segmentation. 

In some species of Salmincola, Clavella, etc., there is also a small 
knob at the posterior end of the trunk, which is well separated from 
the rest of the body and which has always been called an abdomen. 
But it is so rudimentary and insignificant when it does appear, and it 
is so often lacking that it would not be worthy of consideration as a 
separate body region were it not for the fact that we do find well-dif- 
ferentiated abdomens in the genera Achtheres and Naobranchia. 
Accordingly we must determine whether the knob is a true abdomen, 
corresponding morphologically to those in the two genera just men- 
tioned or whether it is simply a process. On examining serial sec- 
tions of Clavella uncinata we find that the anus opens on the posterior 
end of the trunk, ventral to the base of the process, while the intestine 
does not enter the process at all. There is an opening at the distal 
end of the process, and a tube leading through its center. But this is 
a sperm tube and leads into a sperm receptacle, which is dorsal to the 
intestine. The outgrowth, therefore, can not in any way be regarded 
as an abdomen, but is purely sexual in structure and function. And 
we would propose for it the name of genital process. To this knob 
the male clings while he fastens the spermatophores on its tip; from 
these spermatophores the sperms pass into the tube and thence up 
into the sperm receptacle. As further proof that this is not an abdo- 
men there are never any anal laminae on it, while they frequently do 
occur on the posterior end of the trunk (fig. 1). 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 573 


The size of the process is somewhat proportional to the size of the 
male; in the genus Clavella both the male and the process are very 
small, while in Brachiella the males are large and the process is 
increased proportionally. 

In the cephalothorax the general relations and the varying struc- 
ture of the head, neck, arms, and trunk furnish very useful generic 
characters. We may distinguish first genera in which the head 
and neck are long and slender and flexed dorsally at an angle with the 
trunk. Thesecond maxillae may be in the same line with this elong- 
ated cephalothorax and of about the same length, the two standing 
across the anterior end of the trunk 
like the top of the letter T (Brachiella, 
Thomsonella, Brianella). 

Or the second maxillae may be 
much shorter than the cephalothorax 
and inclined at a different angle (Cla- 
vellodes, Clavellopsis, Naobranchia). 
Sometimes the cephalothorax is bent 
back so far that it rests against the 
dorsal surface of the trunk and the 
creature looks as if it were folded and 
hung from the bend of the fold (Cla- 
vella). And in one genus (new) there 
has been a fusion after such a bend- 
ing, and as a result the cephalothorax 
is attached to the center of the dorsal 
surface of the trunk and stands out at 
right angles to the axis of the latter, 
while the second maxillae areattached fie. 1—Srcmon or CLAVELLA UNCINATA 
to the anterior end of the trunk some BOWING % ANUS) 90, GENITAL OPENING: 

9p, GENITAL PROCESS; sr, SPERM RECEP- 
distance from the base of the cephalo- —racrz; st, sperm russ; i, vTEsTINE. 
thorax (Clavellisa). 

In a second group we find genera in which the head and neck are 
shorter and stouter, and they either stand in line with the axis of the 
‘ trunk or are curved over (not flexed at an angle) ventrally. Thesecond 
maxillae may also be short and stout and stand out at right angles to 
the trunk axis, and they as well as the posterior margin of the trunk 
may be hung with fimbriate processes (Thysanote, Thysanotella). Or 
they may be perfectly smooth while the posterior margin of the trunk 
is furnished with cylindrical processes (Brachiella, Epibrachiella). 

Again the second maxillae may be long and slender and inclined at 
an acute angle to the trunk axis, either forward or backward. 

They may be entirely separate, each ending in a clasping process 
(Charopinus), or they may be joined by an ordinary bulla. In this 


574 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


latter condition the posterior margin of the trunk may be wholly with- 
out processes (T'racheliastes) or may have a single ventral pair (Para- 
brachiella) or a single dorsal pair (Charopinus). 

In the third group we find genera in which there is no neck at all; 
the head is short and wide and may be in line with the trunk axis or 
inclined to it. When the two are in the same line we may find a sin- 
gle pair of processes on the posterior margin of the trunk which are 
either ventral (Lernaeopoda) or dorsal (Lernaeopodina) to the egg 
strings. If there are no posterior processes (Vanbenedenia) the sec- 
ond maxillae extend straight forward, are rigid, and their base has 
been moved until they are virtually dorsal instead of ventral or 
lateral, and cover the back of the head. When the head and trunk 


are inclined to each other we find no posterior processes, but there 


may be an unpaired median genital process (Salmincola) like that in 
Olavella. Thesecond maxillae are also usually turned backward along 
the ventral surface of the trunk and their bases are connected around 
the posterior end of the head by a stout ridge. 

Calling the second maxillae by the common name of arms, these 
enlarged bases correspond to a pair of misshapen shoulders. 

Sometimes the trunk is covered with longitudinal rows of knobs or 
tubercles (Basanistes). Again there are neither knobs or shoulders, 
but there is a well-defined abdomen behind the bases of the egg 
strings (Achtheres). 

General body form of male.—The male never becomes fixed in posi- 
tion and hence does not usually show as much degeneration as the 
female. The second maxillae are never permanently attached by 
means of a bulla and so do not develop into long arms, but retain 
their claws and are very similar to the maxillipeds both in form and 
function. The trunk is distinctly segmented more often than in the 
female and is usually furnished at the posterior end with a pair of 
well-defined anal laminae. 

In some genera the cephalon and in others the whole body is coy- 
ered with a carapace, but in the majority of genera this is lacking. 
The male remains a pigmy and there is a greater disparity in size 


between the two sexes than can be found anywhere else among the - 


parasitic copepods. 

There is also a folding of the body in these males, but in a manner 
different from that just described for the females. 

In the female the cephalothorax was flexed either forward or back- 
ward and sometimes rested against the dorsal surface of the trunk, 
but there was no fusion of the two parts except in the single genus 
Olavellisa. Here in the males, on the contrary, the cephalothorax is 
always folded forward against the ventral surface of the trunk, and 
the two are frequently so thoroughly fused as to be indistinguishable. 


no. 2063. NORT'H AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. Silo 


The different genera show varying amounts of flexion and fusion and 
we may separate the types as follows: 

1. The cephalothorax and trunk may be approximately in the same 
straight line, when of course there is neither flexion nor fusion. 

These are large males, a millimeter or more in length; the mouth 
tube, the antennae, and the first maxillae point forward in the same 
direction as the body axis, or but little inclined to it and the anal 
laminae similarly point backward; the second maxillae and maxillipeds 
extend outward at right angles to this axis. 

The trunk may be well segmented (Achtheres and Thysanotella), 
partially segmented (Hpibrachiella) , or wholly devoid of segmentation 
(Thysanote, Brachiella, and Vanbenedenia). There is a carapace cov- 
ering the entire body in Thysanote, a well-defined cephalic carapace 
in Brachiella, a poorly defined one in Epibrachiella, and none at all in 
the other three genera. 

2. The cephalothorax may be turned forward at right angles to 
the trunk axis, so that the mouth tube, the antennae, and the first 
maxillae point outward parallel with the second maxillae and maxilli- 
peds; the anal laminae usually point outward also, though they may 
point backward (Charopinus), or may even be turned dorsally 
(Lernaeopoda). The trunk may be well segmented (Charopinus, im- 
mature Lernaeopoda), or may show no signs of segmentation (Pro- 
brachiella, Parabrachiella, adult Lernaeopoda). Lernaeopoda has a dis- 
tinct cephalic carapace, Charopinus has a larger but less distinct one, 
while Parabrachiella and Probrachiella have no trace of any. 

3. There may be two flexures, the mouth tube and antennae being 
parallel with the greatly reduced trunk, as well as with the maxillae 
and maxillipeds, while the posterior portion of the cephalothorax 
stands at right angles to all of them. This is found in the single 
genus Lernaeopodina, whose males are considerably smaller than those 
of the other genera already mentioned. 

We have here therefore complete flexion but no fusion; there is no 
carapace visible and the trunk shows no traces of segmentation. 

4. There may be similar flexion combined with fusion so that we 
can no longer distinguish the body regions. The sexual opening is 
at the end of a rounded process just behind the second maxillae, and 
extending outward parallel with them, and the anal laminae have 
entirely disappeared. What was originally the long diameter of the 
body may still be longer than the transverse diameter (Naobranchia, 
Clavellopsis) or the latter may have increased sufficiently to exceed 
the former (Clavellisa, Clavellodes). The result in Clavellodes is 
peculiar; there is apparently an oblong body, squarely truncated at 
one end, with the mouth tube and all the appendages arranged along 
this truncation, parallel with the long axis. But this is really the 
same flexion that was seen in Lernaeopodina combined with complete 


576 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47, 


fusion, so that the long axis is actually transverse and not longi- 
tudinal. 

In Naobranchia the sexual process is as long as the maxillipeds and 
suggests very strongly the trunk of Lernaeopodina; there is also a 
carapace which covers the entire body. 

5. Finally in the genus Clavella there has been an even greater flex- 
ion and fusion of the body, for now the sexual process is closer to the 
second maxillae and sometimes is carried forward to a point between 
them, so as to be concealed in side view. 

The transverse diameter is still longer than the longitudinal one, 
and there are no signs of any carapace. 

The eye.—None of the adults in any genus possess eyes; the eye in 
this whole family is extremely rudimentary, appears only for a short 
time during the development stages, and then entirely disappears.’ 

The appendages.—In the adults of both sexes there are six pairs of 
appendages, namely, two pairs of antennae, one pair of mandibles, two 
pairs of maxillae, and one pair of maxillipeds. The reason for regard- 
ing the penultimate pair as second maxillae is that they appear in 
early development in front of the suture which separates the head 
from the thorax, while the posterior pair appear behind that suture.” 

In the adult males of the genus Achtheres there may be also one 
or two pairs of very rudimentary swimming legs. But these are only 
vestiges of the developmental stages and probably disappear at the 
first molt after the male has attached himself to the female. Kurz 
claims (1877, p. 400) to have found in the female of Clavellisa emar- 
ginata on the posterior end of the trunk the rudiments of the last pair 
of swimming legs. Before admitting this claim we must consider - 
first the fact that only two pairs of legs appear during development 
and these are attached to the two anterior segments of the free thorax. 
If either of these pairs remained in the adult stage they must have 
migrated the whole length of the trunk in order to appear on its pos- 
terior margin. On the other hand, it would be rather strange for the 
rudiments of the fifth or sixth pair of legs to appear in the adult 
when only two pairs appeared in the developmental stages. 

Again, if Kurz’s three figures (pl. 25, figs. 8, 9, and 10) be carefully 
compared with respect to the orientation of the trunk, it will be seen 
that figure 8 (designated ‘‘Bauchansicht”’) actually represents the 
ventral surface of the trunk and the dorsal surface of the cephalo- 
thorax, except the head, which is turned in profile. In figure 10 
(designated ‘‘vom Bauch gesehen”’) the cephalothorax has been 
turned forward out of its natural position, and we are actually looking 
at the dorsal surface of both cephalothorax and trunk. But this is 

1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 39, p. 204. | Compare also fig. 13, p. 593. 


2Compare also Hansen, 1893, p. 421; Giesbrecht, 1893, p. 84; Claus, 1895, p. 56; Wilson, 1910, p. 200; 
1911, pp. 281 and 323. 


No. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILAON. BT 


the surface on which the so-called swimming legs appear, and their 
presence in such a position is difficult to understand. 

The antennules or first antennae.—These are attached to the frontal 
margin of the head, between the bases of the second antennae and the 
proboscis, often somewhat more on the ventral than on the dorsal 
surface, but usually the most dorsal of all the appendages. 

In Tracheliastes and Basanistes they arise on the dorsal surface of 
the head and are not turned downward and forward as in the other 
genera. ‘They are extremely simple and are made up of three or four 
joints, more or less distinctlyseparated. The basal joint is the thickest 
and is fused with the head, the other joints are cylindrical and taper 
distally, and the terminal joint is armed with a few short nonplumose 
setae or spines. 

The antennae, or second pair.—These are characteristically modified 
in the present family. They arise from what may be termed the 
anterior corners of the head on either side; they are flattened laterally 
and turned forward and inward along the anterior margin of the head, 
until in some species their tips meet or even overlap at the midline. 
They are made up of a thick basipod and two short rami, one dorsal 
and one ventral; the endopod or dorsal ramus is usually much larger 
than the exopod, is thick and fleshy, unsegmented, and bluntly 
rounded at the tip, where it is armed with a few short spines or teeth 
(Charopinus, Achtheres, Brachiella), sometimes with olfactory cylin- 
ders (Clavella, sp.) or even with claws (Lernaeopoda, sp.). The exopod 
is slender and cylindrical, usually two-jointed, and is tipped with 
tactile hairs, olfactory cylinders, or a chitin claw. 

The claw is more common in the male, where these antennae serve 
as attachment organs, where they have a stout musculature, and 
where the claw sometimes shuts down against the terminal joint and 
is chelate in function. In rare instances in the female the two rami 
are arranged like the jaws of a chela and must function as a grasping 
organ (Lernaeopodina longimana and Charopinus ramosus). 

The mouth tube or proboscis.—This is attached between the bases of 
the second antennae, is conical in shape, and is directed downward and 
forward against the skin of the host. Itis composed of an upper and 
an under lip; each side of the latter is split into two lamellae, between 
which is fastened the corresponding side of the former, so that the two 
lips are loosely joined along their lateral edges to form a closed tube. 
But they are not held together very firmly, and it is an easy matter to 
separate them with a needle (fig. 2). At- the base of these lateral 
seams both lips are cut away a little to form a three-cornered opening 
through which the mandible projects into the interior of the tube. 

The under lip is somewhat larger than the upper and more spoon- 
shaped, so that its anterior end, around the mouth opening, is curved 
like a horseshoe. The upper lip is flatter, broadened at the base, and 

34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——37 


578 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


narrowed toward the tip, which is bluntly rounded and armed witha 
tuft of fine hairs, or with a short spine. Each lip is supported 
around its margin by a chitin framework, which is articulated with 
the chitin framework of the head, so as to allow the proboscis to 
move freely backward and forward. The anterior margin of the 
under lip around the mouth opening is also divided into two lamellae, 
of which the inner one serves to contract the mouth opening while the 
outer one is cut into a fringe along its free margin. The length and 
thickness of this fringe varies considerably in different genera and 
species. Usually it is more than half the width of the lamella, in 
which case the fringe looks as if it were made of stiff hairs standing in 
rows around the mouth opening. Again, the fringe may be so short 
“pl that it can only be detected with difficulty, and 
hence appears to be lacking ( Naobranchia). 

When the proboscis is applied to the host 
for the purpose of drawing blood, this border- 
ing fringe, together with the rest of the mem- 
brane, is spread out around the tip of the 
proboscis like a sucking disk and probably 
assists in obtaining the blood. 

There are no chitin rods nor any supporting 
framework in this sucking border, as was 
FIG. 2.—CROSS SECTION OF PRO- clearly shown by Kurz. 

BOSCIS (DIAGRAMMATIC); upl, The mandibles are rigid chitinous blades, 

dee. ivaaaas | os Bae ‘operating inside the proboscis, although they 
originate on the ventral surface of the head, outside of it, and only 
become inclosed when the edges of the upper and lower lips are 
fastened together. The base of the mandible always remains outside 
of the proboscis, inserted in a fold of the skin, and only the blade or 
terminal portion enters the mouth tube through the triangular open- 
ing at the base of the two lips. The blade of the mandible reaches 
to the tip of the proboscis, or may even project a little beyond the 
latter. It is strongly flattened dorso-ventrally and brought to a 
sharp edge along the two lateral margins. It is widest at the center 
and tapers toward both ends; it is also frequently bent at or near 
the center, so that the terminal portion curves in toward its fellow on 
the opposite side. At the tip the inner margin is cut diagonally and 
set with wicked teeth. 

Kurz distinguished three kinds of these mandible teeth; the first 
he called principal teeth (Hauptzihne). They are much larger and 
stouter than the others, they usually curve backward, and they alter- 
nate with the second kind, which he called intermediate teeth (Zwi- 
schenzihne). These are very minute, triangular in shape, and they 
occupy the base of the angles between the principal teeth. The 


ve. 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 579 


third kind were called secondary teeth (Nebenzihne), and they are 
found in a continuous row behind the principal teeth. They are 
much smaller than the latter and diminish rapidly in size from in 
front backward. The mandibles in the genus Naobranchia (Kurz’s 
Cestopoda), and rarely in the males of other genera, have no interme- 
diate teeth, and the other two kinds are often so nearly of the same 
size that it is hard to distinguish them. 

The mandibles are operated as follows: The base being inserted in 
the fold of skin outside the proboscis holds the appendage rigidly in 
position, with its toothed tip at the opening of the proboscis, the two 
mandibles almost or just touching, and the two rows of teeth facing 
each other. The proboscis is then thrust against the skin of the 
host and the mar- 
ginal fringe is flat- 
tened out, laying 
bare the tips of the 
mandibles. These 
are pushed into the 
skin far enough for 
the teeth to get a 
good hold. The 
mandibles are then 
drawn back into 
the proboscis by 
means of powerful 
retractor muscles 


(rm, fig. 35 which Fic. 3.—MoutH-parts OF LERNAEOPODA GALEI (ACHTHERES SELACHIO 
RUM Kurz). md, MANDIBLE; mz, FIRST MAXILLA; 7m, RETRACTOR 

run from the base ! zat poesia ag. re 
d MUSCLE OF MANDIBLE; upl, UPPER LIP; vnl, UNDER Lip. THE MANDI- 
of each mandible Bz on THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE FIGURE HAS BEEN RETRACTED AND 


backward and out- TWISTED THROUGH AN ANGLE OF 90°. 

ward and are fastened to the side wall of the head. As the base of the 
mandible is pulled by this muscle the skin fold in which the mandible 
is inserted is turned inward like the end of a glove finger. The 
withdrawal of the mandibles also brings the fold of the host’s skin, in 
which their teeth are caught, up into the mouth opening. Here 
the skin is further lacerated by a sawlike motion until the blood 
flows freely. During retraction the mandible is also twisted through 
an angle of 90° upon its long axis, as was first discovered by Kurz. 
This brings the teeth around, so that instead of facing each other, as 
at first, the toothed portions of the mandibles both point in the same 
direction—-ventrally. This flexion, after the mandibles have been 
thrust into the skin of the host, gives them a better hold and keeps the 
wound open so that the blood will flow freely. The maxillipeds, and 
in some species the second antenne, are also inserted in the host’s 
skin and help to hold it up against the mouth tube. 


580 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


The first mazillae (mz, fig. 3) are very rudimentary and palplike 
and contain no chitin, but are soft and flexible like the first antennae. 
They have been variously interpreted by different authors, the most 
of whom have ealled them palps and have connected them with the 
second antennae or the mandibles. But Kurz proved conclusively 
that they are appendages of the same rank as the antennae and man- 
dibles; that they have no connection with either, but are moved by 
an entirely independent set of muscles, and that in the majority of 
instances they are themselves furnished with a very respectable 
palp. Furthermore, it was found by the present author ' that these 
appendages are innervated by a separate nerve from the infra-esopha- 
geal ganglion, which adds the final touch to the proofs already accu- 
mulated. Their position is on the sides of the proboscis, close to its 
base and much nearer the ventral than the dorsal margin, and they 
do not usually reach beyond the mouth opening. Their general form 
is narrow and cylindrical, shghtly contracted at the base where they 
join the proboscis, and divided at the tip into two or three fingerlike 
rami, each of which terminates in a stout and acuminate soft seta. 
At or near the center, on the ventral surface and at the inner margin, 
each maxilla gives off a palp, which is usually divided at the end, 
like the maxilla itself, into two or three fingerlike processes, each 
armed with a soft seta. There is no genus in which the maxillae show 
definite segmentation, but they always appear one-jointed. 

The maxillae in the male correspond very closely with those of the 
female of the same species. 

The second mazxillae have become the principal organs of attach- 
ment in the present family, and accordingly we find them modified 
in various ways to serve this function. When they first appear in 
the metanauplius stage they are clawed appendages, similar in all 
respects to the maxillipeds. In the free-swimming or first cope- 
podid stage, when the larva attaches itself toits host or shortly 
afterwards, these second maxillae are fastened to the proximal end of 
the frontal filament. In the female this union of maxillae and 
filament becomes permanent throughout life, and the two fuse 
thoroughly until all that is left of the filament is the button or bulla 
which joins the tips of the maxillae and serves to anchor them firmly 
in the tissue of the host. No such union takes place in the male and 
his second maxillae remain clawed appendages, very similar to the 
maxillipeds. 

In the female, after the fusion of the maxillae and filament, the 
former lose their claws and all traces of segmentation. Even the 
internal muscles are entirely changed and become longitudinal 
bundles running the whole length of the appendage without a break. 
This length varies greatly in the different genera and furnishes, with 


1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 39, pl. 34, fig. 33. 


No. 2068. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 581 


other coordinate differences, excellent generic characters as already 
noted (see p. 573). In one species, Lernaeopodina longimana, the 
arms, as these transformed second maxillae are called, are as slender 
as threads and fully three times the length of the entire body. On 
the other hand some species of Clavella have no arms at all; they have 
entirely disappeared and the attachment bulla is sessile upon the 
ventral surface of the body. Yet even in these species we find the 
remains of the maxillary muscles arranged in pairs on either side of 
the sessile bulla. Between these two extremes there is almost every 
gradation. 

The arms are usually separated to their tips, where they are united 
to the pedicel of the bulla. In the genus Clavella, however, the’arms 
are fused together more or less, sometimes for their entire length. 
When they first appear these second maxillae are on the head and in 
front of the maxillipeds, but during subsequent development the two 
usually exchange places. The second maxillae then migrate onto the 
first thorax segment and may move a long distance behind the other 
mouth parts (Clavellisa, Brianella, etc.). 

The bulla is composed of the hardened secretion of the frontal 
gland and is usually mushroom-shaped, but may be club-shaped 
- (Basanistes, Salmincola thymalli), button-shaped (Clavellopsis sargi, 
Brachiella triglez), funnel-shaped (Clavellopsis fallax), goblet-shaped 
(Brachiella hostilis), star-shaped (Tracheliastes stellifer), or even 
flattened out like a plate (Salmincola inermis). The way in which 
this bulla is fastened to the host has already been described. 

There is one thing to be added which was also noted by Kurz. 
The viscid secretion which fastens the bulla to the skin of the host 
acts as an irritant and causes the skin to fester and swell into a wall 
or fold, which rises up around the bulla and finally entirely envelops 
it. This adds greatly to the security of the attachment; in fact the 
only way in which the parasite can be detached is by dissecting out 
the bulla, which usually proves to be a difficult process. We should 
also notice the peculiar muscle bands which serve as second maxillae 
in Naobranchia, and the unique sucking disks just outside the base of 
the maxillipeds (see p. 662). 

The mazxillipeds—These are clawed appendages, similar to those 
found in all the copepod families. They consist of a powerful basal 
. joint well supplied with strong muscles, which operate the terminal 
claw and flex it down against the inside of the basal joint. The 
claw is usually straight or slightly curved, and is often reinforced 
near the’tip by a short spine or secondary claw. 

The inner surface of the basal joint, against which the claw shuts, 
is also roughened and armed with various teeth, processes, spines, 
etc., to increase the firmness of the hold. In the male the claw is 


1Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 39, p. 211. 


582 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


usually curved more than in the female, and in Thysanotella, if 
Bassett-Smith’s figure be correct, it describes three-quarters of a 
circle. These maxillipeds in the female have lost their function of 
attachment organs, and are used only for pulling the head down to 
the skin of the host and holding it while the parasite gets its food. 
In Tracheliastes even this function is lost, and it is difficult to under- 
stand how they can be used at all, situated as they are between the 
bases of the second maxillae (see plate 40, fig. 106). 

The muscular system.—This is extremely simplified, and is as 
much reduced as is possible con- 
sistent with retaining any power 
of motion. We may divide the 
musculature of the adult female 
as follows: 

1. Dorsal muscles—Along either 
side of the median line of the 
dorsal surface are two bands of 
longitudinal muscles, the outer 
band considerably wider than the 
inner one (fig. 4). 

These bands are curved length-" 
wise, being farther apart at the 
center and closer together at the 
ends. The four bands are each 
broken at the points which repre- 
sent the dividing lines between the 
different body segments, and thus 
furnish the best, and in some gen- 
era (Basanistes, Clavella, etc.) the 
only, evidence of segmentation. 
According to this evidence the ~ 
body of the female of Achtheres is 
made up of a cephalothorax, which 
is a fusion of the head and first 

Fic. 4.—DORSAL MUSCLES OF ACHTHERES AM- thorax segment, and a trunk, 
BLOPLITIS. . . 
which is made up of three thorax 
segments, a genital segment, and a one-segmented abdomen. The 
inner pair of muscle bands start from a common point of attachment 
at about the center of the dorsal surface of the cephalothorax. They 
diverge until they reach its posterior margin, run approximately par- 
allel through the second and third thorax segments, and converge in 
the fourth segment, meeting again at its posterior margin. In the 
genital segment and in the abdomen there is but a single fused 
muscle band along the median line. A similar fusion takes place on 
the ventral surface, this time between the components of the right 
and left pairs. 


No. 20638. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 583 


The outer pair of dorsal muscle bands start also from a common 
point of attachment in what may be called the throat of the parasite 
on the ventral surface of the first thorax segment, just behind the 
mouth parts. They run upward toward the dorsal surface and rap- 
idly outward, so that at the posterior border of the second segment 
each is outside of the inner pair. They then run backward outside 
of the latter and parallel with them as far as the posterior border of 
the genital segment, where 
they abruptly cease. 

2. Ventral muscles.—Y our 
similar bands run along the 
ventral surface, but with 
these differences; they start 
side by side at the ante- 
rior border of the second 
thorax segment, diverge a 
little, then converge, and 
end abruptly at the poste- 
rior margin of the genital 
segment. Instead of the 
median pair being fused it 
is the two on either side of 
the median line which are 
partially fused in the fourth 
segment and completely 
fused in the genital seg- 
ment (fig. 5). 

3. Muscles of the second 
maxillae.—During the cope- 
podid stages these append- 
ages are two-jointed and 
furnished’ with claws, and 
the muscles are arranged 
like those of other two- 
jointed appendages. But 
after fixation to the host and the subsequent fusion of the second 
maxillae with the attachment filament the jointing in these appendages 
is lost. And in place of the original musculature we now find two 
bands of muscles running the entire length of the appendages without 
a break, even though that be three times the length of the entire body 
(Lernaeopodina longimana). 

In those genera like Clavella, where the second maxillae are often 
lacking, leaving the attachment bulla on the ventral surface of the 
thorax, we still find the rudiments of a pair of longitudinal muscles, 
which represent the original appendages. 


it 
UOT THT 
wT 
LTT} 


UIT TI 
Ty CTY Ty] 
errr) 


3 
A 
= 
5 
3 


; 


cinarstvever ular dence 
WUELUTTTE TTT TT 


ul ene 


Fic. 5—VENTRAL MUSCLES OF ACHTHERES AMBLOPLITIS. 


584 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. yOu. 47. 


Similarly in those species in which the second maxillae are united 
throughout their entire length these longitudinal muscles remain sepa- 
rate and thus witness to the paired origin of the attachment organs. 

4. Muscles of the other appendages.—The mandibles and first max- 
illae are each supplied with the usual muscles. The one attached to 
the base of the mandible (rm, fig. 3) is a powerful retractor, which not 
only draws the mandible back into the proboscis tube but also turns 
it sidewise, so that the toothed edge points ventrally. There may be 
either one or two muscles connected with the base of the first maxillae, 

but the amount of mo- 
tion they produce is very 
rok yee slight. The maxillipeds 
are provided with the 
usual muscles found in 
eek sees such two-jointed ap- 
pendages, those design- 
ed for the flexion of the 
terminal claw being usu- 
ally very powerful. The 
muscles of the first and 
second antennae also 
produce but little mo- 
tion; these appendages 
are often very obscurely 
joimted and the muscu- 
lature then gives the 
most reliable informa- 
tion as to the number of 
joints. In some genera 
(Basanistes, etc.) the 
second antennae are ex- 
ceptionally developed 
and are furnished with 
the musculature neces- 
sary to enable them to function as organs of prehension. The mouth 
tube is also furnished with muscles by means of which it can be 
directed and held against the skin of the host or withdrawn at 
pleasure. 

5. Special muscles.—In addition to the muscles already enumerated 
there are others which serve specific purposes and which consequently 
deserve particalar notice. The first of these may be termed the circu- 
latory muscles, since it is through their contraction and relaxation 
that the meager circulation in these parasites is maintained. There 
are three pairs of them, an anterior pair in the third thorax segment, a 
median pair in the fourth segment, and a posterior pair in the fourth 


Fic. 6.—CIRCULATORY MUSCLES OF ACHTHERES AMBLOPLITIS. 
a, ANTERIOR; ™, MEDIAN; 7, POSTERIOR. 


No. 2068. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 585 


and fifth segments. The anterior pair (a, fig. 6) are short and cylin- 
drical and each originates in the groove separating the second and 
third thorax segments on the dorsal surface about half way from the 
lateral margin to the midline. Jt then runs diagonally inward and 
backward and is inserted in the side of the digestive tube, a little 
above the center. 

The median pair (m) are strongly flattened dorso-ventrally; each 
originates at the center of the lateral margin of the fourth segment, 
extends directly inward, and is inserted in the wall of the stomach; it 
is narrow at its origin but widens out greatly at its insertion. The 
posterior pair (p) are cylindrical again; each originates on the dorsal 


Fic. 7.—THE MALE OF CLAVELLISA CORDATA. aN’ AND a@n’’, ANTENNAL MUSCLES; md, MANDIBLE 
MUSCLE; mx’ and mz’’, MAXILLARY MUSCLES; mrp, MUSCLES OF THE MAXILLIPED. 


wall of the genital segment, extends diagonally forward and inward, 
fuses with its fellow from the opposite side, and is inserted in the cen- 
ter of the dorsal wall of the intestine. The anterior and posterior 
pairs pull the digestive tube backward and forward, while the median 
pair pull it to the right or left. 

Another pair of special muscles may be called the ejaculatory 
muscles; they are situated on the dorsal surface of the semen recep- 
tacle in the genital segment (em, fig. 8). Each extends from the 
thickened margin of the external opening of the oviduct diagonally 
inward and backward to the center of the dorsal surface of the sperm 
receptacle. A contraction of these muscles aids in forcing the eggs 
out into the external sacks, and may at the same time help to dis- 
charge the contents of the sperm receptacle. 

6. The musculature of the male——In those males in which the 
cephalothorax and trunk are either in the same line (Achtheres, etc.) 
or somewhat flexed without any fusion (Brachiella, etc.) the general 


586 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


scheme of musculature is similar to that of the female. But where 
there is not only flexion but also complete fusion (Clavella, Clavellisa, 
etc.) the musculature is entirely changed. We no longer find any 
dorsal and ventral body muscles, or any special respiratory muscles, 
but all the movements of the body are accomplished by means of 
muscles connected with the appendages. The male of Olavellisa 
may be taken as an example (fig. 7). The muscles of the left side 
only are given in the figure, and it is to be understood that each is 
duplicated on the right side. It will be noted that there are single 
muscle strands connected with the first and second antennae (an’, 
an’’), larger and more powerful single muscles connected with the 
first maxillae (mz’) and the mandi- 
bles (md), while there are three 
stout muscles attached to each sec- 
ond maxilla (mz’’) and maxilliped 
(mrp). Each of these muscles is 
inserted in the base of the append- 
age to which it belongs and runs 
diagonally into the body to its 
origin, somewhere on the dorsal or 
Fic. 8.—DoRSAL VIEW OF EJACULATORY MUS- lateral walls. 
Cee nde ta, Alli beinecessary Imotions sincthe 
male are accomplished by these ap- 
pendage muscles. In these pigmy males, therefore, the last vestige 
of segmentation, namely, the interrupted longitudinal muscle bands, 
has completely disappeared. 


RESPIRATION. 


There is in this family nothing which resembles, or functions as, 
a respiratory organ; there is not even the opening and closing of the 
anus and rectum (anal respiration) so prevalent among the free- 
swimming forms and in the Caligidae and Ergasilidae. 

In the female there are no oblique muscles attached to the sides of 
the rectum, and in the male there is no anal opening, so that such a 
method of respiration is impossible in both sexes. 

Apparently the only means of aérating the blood is through the 
body walls, which are comparatively thin. Furthermore the demands 
for aération have been reduced to a minimum in these parasites, 
who have lost all freedom of motion, whose food is very easy to digest, 
and whose circulation is extremely crude. 


CIRCULATION. 


There is no heart nor any blood vessels in the Lernaeopodidae; 
there are not even any lacunae through which the blood might flow. 
The body is virtually a bag, in the cavity of which are suspended the 
various organs, while the spaces around them are entirely free, and 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 587 


every part is in direct communication with every other part. The 
blood moves about freely through these open spaces and a sort of 
circulation is accomplished by a rhythmic contraction of the three 
pairs of special muscles already described (see p. 584). The muscles 
in each pair contract alternately and pull the intestine away from 
the midline, now toward the right side and now toward the left, or 
forwards and backwards. When the intestine is pulled to the right 
the blood on that side of the body is pushed precipitately forward into 
the head. At the same time on the left side of the body the blood 
streams backward from the head to fill up the space formerly occu- 
pied by the intestine. These motions are reversed when the intestine 
is pulled to the left, and this backward and forward streaming con- 
stitutes all the circulation. 

The strong peristaltic movements of the stomach and intestine 
help to push the blood along if it lies in contact with the wall of the 
digestive tract. We have used the term blood here, but of course 
it can bear that name only by courtesy. It is not really blood like 
that found in the Argulidae, Caligidae, and Chondracanthidae, but is 
simply the liquid which fills the body cavity. It has no corpuscles 
but may serve to distribute the oxygen absorbed through the body 
walls. 

In the male there is not even this apology for a circulation, and in 
all those which have been examined there has never been observed 
a streaming of the liquid contents of the body in any direction. The 
body of the male is reduced to such a small size that probably enough 
oxygen can be obtained by direct absorption through the body walls. 


THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. 


In the present family this consists of a mouth, an esophagus, a 
stomach, and an intestine. The mouth-tube is turned forward and 
is the most anterior part of the body, with the mouth-opening at 
its tip. The structure of the mouth and the mode of filling it with 
blood have already been described (see p. 577). 

There are no glands connected with the mouth and the only use 
it serves is as a funnel to guide the blood into the esophagus, which 
is slender and thread-like and almost straight (fig. 122). 

It passes abruptly into the enlarged stomach, a thick sphincter 
muscle being found at the point of junction. This latter is in the 
head and about on a level with the bases of the maxillipeds, even in 
those genera (Clavella, Clavellisa, etc.) which have very long necks. 
In such genera most of the stomach, and by far the most important 
part, is located in the neck. The stomach passes so insensibly into 
the intestine that it is impossible to distinguish any point of separa- 
tion. Both stomach and intestine possess thick walls made up of 
an outer serous membrane, a median muscular layer, and an inner 


588 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 42: 


glandular layer. The latter contains many modified cells, which are 
filled with a digestive fluid, and thus take the place of digestive 
glands. In the long-necked genera that portion of the stomach, 
if any, which enters the trunk is narrowed and flattened and so 
crowded by the reproductive organs that it functions only as an 


intestine. 
THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM. 


In the Lernaeopodidae the excretory system is made up of two pairs 
of glands. The maxillipedal pair are on the dorsal side of the body, 
behind the bases of the maxillipeds. Each starts at three different 
centers, one median and two lateral, which increase in size and grad- 
ually fuse together. A spirally convoluted duct leads to the base of 
the maxilliped where it opens to the surface. The maxillary pair are 
situated at the bases of the second maxillae; a straight duct leads from 
each gland outward and opens on the inner surface of the maxilla 
(fig. 141). 

In those genera (Clavella, Clavellisa, etc.) where the second maxillae 
have disappeared and the bulla is on the ventral surface of the trunk, 
the maxillary glands have migrated into the trunk and can be found 
on either side of the bulla. This is also the case in Naobranchia where 
the second maxillae are present but are so modified that they can not 
contain the glands (p. 661). 

In many species also, of various genera, the second maxillae are so 
slender and their inner cavity is so filled with the longitudinal muscles 
that there is little room left for the glands. In such species there is 
often a swelling on the outer surface of-the maxilla near its base, and 
in this swelling is located the gland (fig. 221). Or the swelling may be 
on the side of the neck near the base of the second maxillae (fig. 109.) 


THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 


The nervous system’ consists of a very large infra-esophageal 
ganglion and an equally small supra-esophageal ganglion (fig. 122). 
From the anterior end of the latter two pairs of nerves are given off, 
one of which goes to the first antennae and frontal margin, while 
the other larger pair supply the second antennae and upper lip. 
From the posterior end a third pair of nerves run backward along 
the anterior walls of the stomach, the dorsal portion of the head, the 
frontal gland, and the maxillipedal gland. 

From the anterior end of the infra-esophageal gland a pair of nerves 
run forward to the base of the lower lip and send a branch to the 
mandibles. From the ventral surface of this ganglion a slender nerve 
goes to the first maxilla on either side, another to the second max- 
illa, and from the postero-ventral corner a larger nerve runs to the 
maxilliiped. Just in front of this last nerve a delicate nerve thread 


1 Good figures of the nervous system of both sexes were published in these Proceedings—vol. 39, 
plate 34. 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 589 


runs diagonally to the sides of the maxilli-pedal and maxillary glands. 
At the posterior corner of the ganglion a slender nerve extends back- 
ward along the ventral walls of the stomach and close to its fellow from 
the other side. These nerves show no ganglionic swellings and no 
ganglion cells. The nervous system is thus practically concentrated 
in the infra-esophageal ganglion. 


THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS. 


The reproductive system in the female consists of paired ovaries 
and oviducts, an unpaired sperm receptacle, and paired cement 
glands. In the male it consists of paired testes and vasa deferentia, 
and paired spermatophore receptacles. 

The ovaries and testes lie in what may be termed the small of the 
back, between the stomach and the dorsal body wall. From the 
posterior ends are given off the oviducts and vasa deferentia which run 
around the stomach to the ventral surface, and then backward to the 
openings in the sides of the genital segment. 

In both sexes these ducts become so convoluted and swollen at 
maturity that they fill the entire cavity on either side of the digestive 
tract, which is flattened laterally into a mere slit. 

The sperm receptacle in the female lies in the posterior portion of 
the trunk, sometimes dorsal and sometimes ventral to the mtestine. 
In those genera (Achtheres, etc.) which have an abdomen the recep- 
tacle is dorsal and consists of a bag nearly twice as long as wide, placed 
transversely in the trunk and flattened dorso-ventrally. Each end 
of the bag is prolonged at the anterior corner into a slender tube 
which runs outward to the oviduct and opens into the latter just 
inside of its external opening; at the posterior corner into a canal, the 
vagina, which leads diagonally backward and inward to the posterior 
margin of the abdomen, where it opens to the exterior alongside the 
midline. In those genera (Clavella, etc.) which have no abdomen the 
sperm receptacle is ventral to the intestine, is not as long as in Ach- 
theres, and the vaginae are usually more or less fused. They run back 
through the genital process and open at its tip, either closely side by 
side or, if fused, in one common opening. 

When the spermatophores are fastened by the male upon the 
abdomen or genital process of the female their tubes enter these 
external openings (vulvae). And the spermatozoa which they contain 
are discharged through the vulvae and vaginae into the receptacle. In 
the present family there is no crossing of the tubes of the spermato- 
phores, as in the Caligidae, but each spermatophore empties into the 
vagina on its own side of the body (fig. 8, p. 586). Even in those 
genera where the vaginae are fused and have a common vulva the 
spermatophore tubes are still uncrossed. 


590 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47. 


When once filled the sperm receptacle holds enough to fertilize all 
the eggs the female will ever lay. Whenever an egg is sufficiently 
matured it passes down the oviduct and out into the external cases. 
As it passes the opening of the sperm tube it is fertilized, and this 
individual fertilization is responsible for the remarkably small num- 
ber of eggs that fail to develop. The cement glands are very large 
and in Achtheres fill the entire sides of the thorax segments in front 
of the genital segment. Each is crescent-shaped, its outer convex 
surface fitting snugly inside the lateral body wall, while its inner 
surface is nearly straight. It consists of three parts, separated by 
well-defined constrictions. The anterior, terminal portion (#) is about 
one-quarter of the entire length and is filled with a fine-grained matrix 
out of which is formed the cement 
substance. This is the real glan- 
dular portion where secretion is 
earried on. The central half (¢) is 
a little broader than the terminal 
portion and is somewhat flattened 
dorso-ventrally; its wall is trans- 
versely striated and must contain 
muscle fibers since 1t is more or less 
contractile. It is evidently used 
for the storage of the cement sub- 
stance until the eggs have fully 
ripened (fig. 9). 

Fic, 9.—CEMENT GLANDS OF ACHTHERES AM- The posterior basal portion (6) 
BLOPLITIS. 6, BASAL PORTIONS; C, CENTRAL; forms the duct or tube through 
Claes which the cement substance passes 

out into the oviduct. It has a sharp curve or bend on its inner 

margin around which the tube passes and which acts as a sort of 
valve to regulate the flow. The cement glands of all the other 
genera in which they have been observed are similar to those of 

Achtheres. 

In the male the vasa deferentia lead around the side of the stomach 
to the ventral surface, swing back again to the dorsal surface, run 
diagonally backward to the center of the lateral surface, turn a little 
toward the dorsal surface, and finally pass diagonally backward to 
the opening on the ventral surface of the genital segment. The 
swollen anterior portion of these convolutions is a combination of 
cement gland and vas deferens, the fine-grained gland cells secreting 
the viscid substance which composes the covering of the spermato- 
phore. The posterior portion in the adult male is enlarged into a 
receptacle within which the spermatophores are gradually matured 
and filled with spermatozoa (compare fig. 198). 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIO COPEPODS—WILSON. 591 


ONTOGENY. 


The complete life history of Achtheres ambloplitis has already been 
published.' 

Fasten has also given us an account? of the free swimming larva 
of Salmincola edwards. Some of these copepodid larvae, admirably 
mounted, were loaned to the present author for study and comparison, 
and have proved of great value. 

It only remains, therefore, to restate the life history very briefly , 
and to compare the larvae of the two genera above named with those 
of Clavella, the material for which is here presented for the first time. 
Inside the ovary are many long filaments, which are connected with 
the older oocytes and whose terminal cells develop successively one 
after the other. In Clavella uncinata (fig. 10) these filaments are 
given off dorsally and pass down ventrally into the convolutions of 
the oviduct, where the end cells 
can be seen in various stages of 
development. These filaments 
are longer and less convoluted in 
Clavella and Clavellisa (fig. 11) 
than in Achtheres or Naobranchia 
(fig. 12). They stain readily and 
in double-stained sections always 
show a dark purple color. A vi- £!G@- 10.—Eae UAMENE AND PERRO EGG 

*s Sete IN CLAVELLA UNCINATA. 

telline membrane is visible around 

the end cell, even before it separates from the filament. Inside 
of this*membrane the entire substance of the egg is made up of yolk 
globules evenly distributed through a fine matrix of protoplasm. Seat- 
tered about are numerous large vacuoles of different sizes, those nearest 
the periphery being usually the smallest. As the eggs pass down 
the oviduct they are each fertilized at the opening of the sperm tube, 
and are covered with a layer of the cement substance before they 
pass out into the external sacks. In the latter they segment, and the 
larvae develop through the nauplius and metanauplius stages before 
hatching. Segmentation is entirely superficial, the cytoplasm sepa- 
rating from the yolk, migrating to the surface and there forming 
blastoderm cells around nuclear centers. The yolk remaining inside 
the egg and afterwards inside the embryo serves to nourish the latter 
not only through the nauplius and metanauplius stages but also 
through the free swimming copepodid stage. Since neither the nau- 
plius nor the metanauplius can escape from the egg, their unfolding is 
necessarily condensed. Usually the three nauplius appendages de- 
velop and serve their temporary function before the other appendages 


1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 39, p. 189. 
2 Report of the Commissioners of Fisheries of Wisconsin, 1911-12, p. 11. 


592 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


appear. But here in the Lernaeopodidae the mouth parts and the 
first two pairs of swimming legs appear simultaneously with the 
nauplius appendages, and they all develop together. The early larval 
stages are thus so thoroughly fused as to become virtually one single 
period, and the peculiarities which characterize the different stages 
overlap one another, several some- 
times being present at the.same time. 

Understanding such a fusion, there- 
fore, we may distinguish the following 
steps in development by dissecting 
some of the larvae out of their sur- 
rounding envelopes. 

Nauplius.—Body ovate, the larger 
end anterior; two pairs of appendages 
visible, corresponding to the first 
Fig. 11.—Ea@e FILAMENT AND DEVELOPING and second antennae; first pair one- 

EGG OF CLAVELLISA CORDATA. OG. . z % A 
jointed, uniramose, terminating in 
two plumose setae; second pair biramose, exopod five-jointed, each 
joint with a long plumose seta, endopod two-jointed and termi- 
nated by two plumose setae; no balancers but the posterior portion 
of the body differentiated into a free thorax and a broad spatulate 
abdomen, which is curled over ventrally beneath the thorax; no 
eye visible but the anterior part of the head occupied by an attach- 
ment filament which forms a simple loop, extending from 
the frontal margin to the center of the head; behind this 
may be seen the yolk granules and on either side are the 
muscles that later will move the swimming legs. 

Metanauplius.—Body so thick and stout as to be nearly 
spherical; first antennae three-jointed and tipped with 
two plumose setae; second pair with a five-jointed exopod, yg. 9 nae 
each joint with a plumose seta, and a two-jointed endopod, = ritament 
with two terminal setae and a stout claw at their base; Yo osea. 
upper lip elliptical, wider than long; mandible short, cma uae. 
uniramose, and tipped with a single seta; first maxillae  S1°.10) 1b 
biramose at the tip, the outer ramus much shorter than  macymmep 
the inner, and each armed with short spines; second  *™ 
maxillae stout, uniramose, three-jointed and terminated by a weak 
claw; maxillipeds also uniramose and three-jointed and terminated 
by a stouter claw. 

Each of the four swimming legs consists of a basal joint and two 
one-jointed rami, armed with long plumose setae; the anal laminae 
are as large as the rami of the legs and carry long and unequal setae. 
The first actual molt takes place at the close of this metanauplius 
stage, and the escape from the egg is simultaneous with it. 


No. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 593 


First copepodid or free-swimming stage-—Body elongated, flattened 
dorso-ventrally and made up of a cephalothorax, three free thorax 
segments, and a fused gen- 
ital segment and abdomen, 
carrying the anal laminae. 
The cephalothorax is a more 
(Clavella) -or less (Ach- 
theres and Salmincola) com- 
plete fusion of the head and 
first thorax segment. In the 
latter genera the separation 
of the two is indicated by 
notches on the lateral mar- 
gins and by a dorsal groove; 
in the former genus these do 
not appear. The shape of 
’ this cephalothorax is ellipti- 
cal in Salmincola, ovate in 
Clavella, and elliptical or sub- 
quadrilateral in Achtheres. A 
characteristic copepod eye is 
found at about the center of 
the cephalothorax in Clavella 
and Salmincola. The eye in 


Achtheres is so rudimentary 0.2mm. yf \ 
that it can not be seen except / r W 
in sections. In the front of Ji) \\ 
the head, close to the dorsal NS I \\\ 
surface, lies the attachment ae 


filament which is characteris- 
tic of this family. It con- 
sists of a long cylindrical rod, Bn ax 


enlarged at either end; the hh qt 
enlargement of the distal end / 

is in the shape of a mushroom 

or umbrella, and is the part 

that sticks to the flesh of the Fia. 13.—COPEPODID LARVA OF CLAVELLA UNCINATA. 
host, and becomes the bulla 

or attachment organ of the adult parasite. The cylindrical rod is 
folded in a single loop in Salmincola, coiled like a rope in Achtheres, 
and wound into a tight spiral in Clavella (fig. 13). 

The first thorax segment is two-thirds as large as the head, is fused 
with the latter, and tapers posteriorly, terminating in two large lobes 
which correspond to the posterior lobes of the carapace in the Caligidae. 
The second (first free) thorax segment is much larger than the seg- 

34843 °—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——38 


594 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 47. 


ments which follow it in Achtheres and Salmincola, but is the same 
size or a trifle narrower in Clavella. The third and fourth segments 
are about the same size and length in all the genera, but their relative 
size compared with the cephalothorax or with the second segment 
varies greatly. In general they are very narrow in Achtheres and 
Salmincola and very wide in Clavella. The last segment is a fusion 
of the posterior portion of the thorax and the abdomen, and it carries 
the anal laminae, which are variously armed with setae in the different 
genera. The first antennae are four-jointed and extend directly out- 
ward at right angles to the body axis in Salmincola and Achtheres; 
in Clavella they ap- 

parently have fewer 

joints and are turned 

backward along the 

b sides of the carapace. 

d The second antennae 

are biramose, the exo- 

pod one-jointed and 

tipped with a single 

(igi ane seta, the endopod two- 
5 jointed and ending in 

Fia. 14.—CoPpEPODID LARVA OF CLAVELLA UNCINATA. @, MANDIBLE; a po werful hoo ked 


b, FIRST MAXILLA; €, SECOND MAXILLA; d, MAXILLIPED. 
claw. The mouth- 


tube projects downward and forward from between the bases of the 
second antennae. It is made up of an upper and under lip, the lat- 
ter grooved and fluted, overlapping the edges of the upper lip, and 
consisting of two halves, which are often not entirely fused. The 
mandibles are outside the base of the mouth-tube, one-jointed and 
tipped with short setae; the first maxillae are also uniramose but 
two-jointed and tipped with longer setae; the second maxillae are 
stout, two-jointed, and tipped with a long and slender claw, bent 
into a half circle; the maxillipeds are also stout, three-jointed, and 
tipped with a stouter and straighter claw (fig. 14). Swimming legs 
biramose, the basal joints broad and laminate, and furnished with 
powerful muscles, the rami small, one-jointed, and armed with long 
plumose setae (fig. 15). 

As soon as this copepodid larva escapes from the egg it begins an 
active search for a host. By means of its two pairs of swimming 
legs it moves about actively in a more or less spiral path.! This 
movement is kept up for 24 to 48 hours, and then relaxes, the 
larva becoming so wearied that it can scarcely move at all. Conse- 
quently it must find a host within this time or perish; if it is fortu- 
nate enough to come in contact with the right kind of fish it fastens 


1 Fasten, Journ. Animal Behavior, vol. 3, 1913, p. 43. 


No. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 595 


itself at once to it. It is a general rule that every species of fish has 
its own peculiar parasites, and hence the latter must have seme means . 
of selecting the right host. It is also true that the more fixed the 
parasite becomes and the less capable it is of moving about, the 
~more exclusively is it confined to one species of fish. 

It is only the free-swimming forms like Argulus and some of the 
Caligidae that have a long list of hosts. Eyesight probably has very 
little to do with the selection of the particular host, especially in 
the present family, where the eyes are 
so rudimentary as to be practically 
useless. 

Fasten’s experiments with Sal- 
mincola edwardsii, together with re- 
peated observations by the present 
author, would indicate that the 
choice is made by some chemical 
means, emell or taste, or a combina- 
tion of the two. Actual attachment 
is accomplished by bringing the 
frontal margin of the head in con- QGe 
tact with the skin, fin, or gill of the 
host. The mushroom end of the at- 
tachment filament then sticks fast, 
and the filament is withdrawn from 
the head. In Salmincola, according 
to Fasten, the larva remains a short 
time attached by the frontal filament; 
in the other genera such an attach- 
ment has not yet been observed. 

But in any case this attachment 

lasts only a short time; the proximal Fra. 15—Frsr (upper) anv SECOND swIM- 
Pidotdhe filament is grasped by thé 2.c, ots ae 
second maxillae and detached from 

the frontal margin of the head. The maxilla and filament are then 
thoroughly fused, and remain as the so-called arms or permanent 
attachment organs of the adults of this family of parasites. There is 
always an absorption of the filament, and there may be also an absorp- 
tion of the maxillae until all that is left of the original apparatus is 
the distal mushroom enlargement of the filament, the bulla, buried in 
the flesh of the host. Many species of Clavella show such a condition, 
the bulla being fastened directly to the ventral surface of the trunk. 
On the other hand, after the filament has been absorbed the arms 
sometimes lengthen until they may become two or three times the 
length of the entire body, as in Lernaeopodina. 

The male does not become permanently attached in this way, but 
retains his hold on the filament for a short time only and then lets 


596 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47, 


go and clings to the body of the female for the rest of his life. Sub- 
sequent to attachment the changes which take place in the copepod 
are chiefly concerned with the development of the reproductive 
organs. In the fixed female the legs, the segmentation of the body, 
and frequently the anal laminae disappear. At the same time the 
trunk or so-called genital segment increases through the develop- 
ment of the convolutions of the oviducts and becomes relatively as 
well as actually much larger than before, and finally the external 
egg sacks are formed, which may be regarded as the completion of 
the life cycle. 

The male does not increase much in size, but remains a pygmy; he 
usually loses the two pairs of swimming legs, but retains, in part 
at least, the body segmentation. The maturing of the spermato- 
phores and their subsequent attachment to the genital process of 
the female marks the completion of his life cycle, and he does not 
probably live very long afterwards. 


SYSTEMATIC. 


Historical—tIn the first edition (1735) of his Systema Naturae 
Linnaeus placed all the crustaceans among the wingless insects under 
three genera. It is very doubtful if any member of the present 
family was included in this first edition. But later in the second 
edition of the Fauna Suecica (1761) he described Lernaea salmonea, 
which is really a Lernaeopod and probably the oldest member of the 
family, and which he located among the mollusks. 

Having thus begun under the genus Lernaea, the present family 
was for a long time included with the Lernaeidae. On account of 
their degenerate form they were not placed with the crustacea by 
any of the earlier zoologists. Lamarck, after locating them among 
the mollusks (1801) and the annelids (1809) went so far as to create 
a separate group to receive them (1812) which he called the Epizoaria 
and placed between the worms and the insects. In his Handbuches 
der wirbellosen Thiere (1816) he writes that he had found Lerneans 
which showed a transition from insects to worms so that the Epizoaria 
could be regarded only as a provisional or temporary class. 

Bose, also following Linnaeus, placed them among the mollusks 
(Historia Vermium, n. d.), but contended that they were closely 
related to the intestinal worms. Oken, in his Lehrbuch der Natur- 
geschichte (1815-16), included some of the Lernaeopodidae in two 
different places. First he placed among the worms (pp. 182-184), 
between Echinorhynchus and Hamularia, the genera Philline, Schis- 
turus, and Lernaea. Second as a separate group, the Armwiirmer 
(pp. 357-359), between Asterias and Gordius, he placed not only 
Axine, Clavella, Pennella, and Lernaea, but also Dichelesthium, Caligus, 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 597 


and Argulus. But while locating them thus wrongly, he at the same 
time pointed out their close relationship to the Entomostraca, and 
thus made a notable advance over his predecessors. De Blainville 
published in the Bulletin des Sciences, Paris, 1816, a new classification 
of the animal kingdom in which he placed the Lernaeopodidae with 
other copepod parasites, in a subclass Epizoaires under the class 
Tetradecapods and the group Articulates. Later he made a special 
study of the Lernaeidae and gave (Journal de Physique, 1822) the first 
good account of their anatomy. He divided the family into a large 
number of new genera, which he arranged according to their morphol- 
ogy and the nearness with which they approached Caligus. The 
seventh of these was the new genus Lernaeopoda, the type of the present 
family. Latreille in Cuvier’s Régne Animal keeps the Lernaeans 
among the intestinal worms even as late as 1830. 

He admits that other authors have claimed that these parasites 
are crustacea, as is shown by the males, but he adds, ‘‘pour consacrer 
cette opinion, il foudrait pouvoir rétrouver ces males” (vol. 3, p. 256). 

He introduces with Oken’s Clavella the new genera Anchorella and 
Brachiella, which belong to the Lernaeopodidae and are of course 
ascribed to Cuvier. In 1831 he published a Cours d’Entomologie 
in his own name wherein he described the Siphonostoma as an order 
of the section Edentata of the class Crustacea. He calls the second 
family of this order Lernaeiformes, but does not include in it any of 
the Lernaeidae, thus failing to recognize their relationship with the 
Siphonostomata and other crustacea. 

Desmarest, in his monograph of the crustacea (1825), after showing 
that the Lernaeidae belong with the Caligidae among the crustacea, 
finally places them under the Poecilopoda, an order of the subclass 
Entomostraca. Wiegmann, in his Grundriss der Zoologie (1823), 
was the first to give the Lernaeidae their proper position, partly 
agreeing with Blainville, partly with Desmarest, and partly with 
other German investigators like Nitzoch and Leuckart. He was fol- 
lowed by Nordmann (1832) and Burmeister (1833), who confirmed 
the position assigned. to the Lernaeidae, and added many of the facts 
necessary to confirm their views. Nordmann established the new 
genera Achtheres, Basanistes, and Tracheliastes, and described new 
species in several of the old genera. Burmeister at the close of his 
paper adds some general considerations in which he gives us the first 
division of the group Siphonostoma into five families. The second 
of these, the Lernaeoda, corresponded almost exactly with the modern 
family Lernaeopodidae, but included, beside the true Lernaeopod 
genera, Chondracanthus and Lernanthropus. 

Milne Edwards was thus furnished with a large amount of necessary 
data which enabled him in his great work, Histoire Naturelle des 
Crustacés (1840), to perfect the classification of the parasitic cope- 


598 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47, 


pods in many particulars. He recognized two orders, the Siphonos- 
toma, including the Argulidae, the Caligidae, the Pandaridae, the 
Dichelestiidae, and the Ergasilidae, and for the second order the 
Lernaeidae, including the Chondracanthidae, the new family, the 
Lernaeopodidae, and the Lernaeoceridae. 

The family was thus first introduced by Milne Edwards, and since 
that introduction the only changes in it have been the addition or 
removal of various genera. 


Family LERNAEOPODIDAE Milne Edwards. 


Family characters of female-—A fixed parasite; head usually sepa- 
rated from the thorax, often borne on a long neck; trunk usually 
unsegmented, with or without posterior processes; abdomen and anal 
laminae often lacking; first antennae small and with few joints; 
second antennae biramose, flattened laterally, not prehensile; upper 
and under lips prolonged into a sucking tube fringed with hairs; 
mandibles toothed; first maxillae rudimentary, palplike; second 
maxillae modified into attachment organs, usually joined at the 
distal end and furnished with a bulla; maxillipeds of the usual pre- 
hensile form, tipped with claws; no swimming legs; egg strings large, 
multiseriate. 

Male.—A pigmy clinging to the body of the female but free to 
move about; head usually separated from the trunk, the latter more 
often segmented than in the female; anal laminae usually present; 
first maxillae similar to those of female; second maxillae and maxilli- 
peds large and powerful, and furnished with prehensile claws; first 
two pairs of swimming legs sometimes present in the adult (genus 
Achtheres), but degenerate and useless. 

Remarks.—The different investigators have adopted very different 
methods of classification in dealing with this family. Burmeister 
(1833) used the structure and position of the attachment organs 
(Haftorganen) as the basis of the first division, and the length and 
shape of the cephalothorax as the basis of the second division. Milne 
Edwards (1840) used the same basis for his first division, but for the 
second one he introduced the relative position of the second maxillae 
and maxillipeds.t' Baird (1850) used the structure and fusion of the 
second maxillae for his first and only division, which is really a 
generic one, since he included in the family simply the two genera 
Lernaeopoda and Anchorella. Heller (1865) based his first division 
on the presence or absence of maxillipeds, his second on the structure 
of the second maxillae, and his third on the form of the cephalothorax. 
Gerstaecker (1881) used the length and thickness of the cephalothorax 
for his first division, the separation or fusion of the neck and body for 


1 He called them first and second maxillipeds. 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 599 


the second division, and the structure of the attachment organs for 
the third division. 

Since Gerstaecker there has been no serious attempt at a revision 
of the classification of this family, though valuable suggestions have 
been made by Neresheimer (1909) and others. 

The following scheme of classification is a combination of all these 
which have preceded it, with such additions as more recent investi- 
gations demand. ‘The most important of these additions and the 
one thing which can give the present scheme any credit, if indeed it 
can claim such, is the use of the male. The males are less degenerate 
than the females and the only reason why they have not hitherto 
been employed by systematists has been the fact that so few of them 
have been known. Neatly every investigator has called attention 
to the desirability of the male as a basis of generic distinction. Some 
have plainly stated that the ultimate decision in every question of 
generic validity must rest with the male. This being appreciated 
even by those who lacked the facts necessary to use it, it follows that 
type distinctions among the males ought: to possess superior value 
in distinguishing the genera. Accordingly, so far as has been pos- 
sible in the following classification, each genus presents a certain 
type of male, which is fully described and figured in the genus diag- 
nosis. To Pele comparison these 17 male types are shown side 
by side in plates 25 to 28, the scale mark by the side of each repre- 
senting one-tenth of a millimeter. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


1. Maxillipeds inside of second maxillae and the two close behind the mouth tube; 
cephalothorax neither narrowed nor flattened, in line with the trunk or inclined 
LOTMA: xSttin ss Soak ee. Sa ile ise DF alee clash gl Beat at ate LERNAEOPODINAE, 2. 

1. Maxillipeds inside of second maxillae and the two removed a considerable dis- 
tance behind the mouth tube; cephalothorax much narrowed and flattened, 
inclined backward, or arched ieee bets cs eee eee TRACHELIASTINAE, 5. 

1. Maxillipeds removed some distance behind the mouth tube, second maxillae an 
equal distance behind the maxillipeds; cephalothorax neither narrowed nor 
flattened, in line with the second maxillae and at right angles to the trunk 
COs SIRES GN Src 2 ee Yate it IG Ace, oe BRIANELLINAE, 6, 

1. Maxillipeds close to the mouth tube, second maxillae removed a considerable 
distance behind them; bephalotheni narrowed and wormlike, in line with 
the trunk axis or ened backward oie es conte ee CLAVELLINAE, 7. 

2. Second maxillae much longer than the cephalothorax; the latter always separated 
from the trunk by a well-defined groove and often by a sort of neck ........ oF 

2. Second maxillae stout and but little longer than the cephalothorax; the latter 
fused with the body, without any traces of separation or segmentation ...... 4. 

3. No dorsal carapace on the cephalothorax; a genital process but no anal laminae, 
posterior processes, or abdomen; trunk stout and unsegmented. 

Salmincola, new genus, p. 603. 

3. A partial dorsal carapace; no anal laminae or posterior processes, but a distinct 
abdomen, sometimes segmented; trunk also often partially segmented; male 
BY Creer aac re sik ie ese series Achtheres Nordmann, 1832, p. 617. 


600 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vuL. 47. 


3. 


ul 


A distinct dorsal carapace; second and third thorax segments more or less differ- 
entiated; no genital process nor anal laminae; two posterior processes ventral to 
the egg strings; male type B, pl. 25....Lernaeopoda Blainville, 1822, p. 631. 


. A distinct dorsal carapace; trunk unsegmented; no genital process nor anal 


laminae; two posterior processes dorsal to the egg strings; male type D, pl. 25. 
Lernaeopodina, new genus, p. 639. 


. Fused head and trunk covered with longitudinal rows of knobs or tubercles; male 


TM TIG Wale oe ee ere ees HO ee Basanistes Nordmann, 1832, p. 643. 


. Fused head and trunk smooth, without tubercles or knobs; male type N, pl. 28. 


Vanbenedenia Malm, 1860, p. 644. 


. Cephalothorax distinctly separated from the trunk; second maxillae united at the 


tip and furnished with a bulla; male unknown. 
Tracheliastes Nordmann, 1832, p. 644. 


. Second maxillae shorter than the cephalothorax, three-quarters fused and with 


branching horns instead of a bulla; mouth tube depressed; male unknown. 
Brianella, new genus, p. 647. 


. Second maxillae twice as long as the cephalothorax, entirely separate and with an 


ordinary bulla; mouth tube projecting prominently; male unknown. 
Thomsonella, new genus, p. 649. 


. Trunk, or second maxillae, or both, with deeply incised, fimbriate processes; 


cephalothorax j in line with the ane Sho his eo hn SASS So 8. 


. No fimbriate processes on either the trunk or the second maxillae; cephalothorax 


INICIO OCU Te EIU Toes Mere eee reel ee ee ey oe co ee 9. 


. Cephalothorax short, thickset, and straight; anterior fimbriate processes on the 


second maxillae; posterior ones on the posterior margin of the trunk; male 
Ry pe Ge pl. 2625.22. ee eee ce eens Thysanote Kroyer, 1863, p. 650. 


. Cephalothorax long, slender, and curved; both sets of processes entirely separate 


from the second maxillae and the posterior margin; male type H, pl. 26. 
Thysanotella, new genus, p. 651. 


. Cephalothorax short and stout, in line with the trunk, the two separated by a 


distinct and very narrow neck; second maxillae entirely fused, with a bulla; 
no genital process, anal laminae, or posterior processes; male unknown. 
Caulozxenus Cope, 1872, p. 665. 


. Cephalothorax short and stout, flexed backward; second maxillae entirely sepa- 


rate, each ending in a clasping enlargement; no bulla, genital process, or anal 
laminae; two small posterior processes, dorsal; male type I, pl. 26. 
Charopinus Krgyer, 1863, p. 652. 


. Cephalothorax elongate and wormlike, curved or flexed at an angle with the 


trunk; second maxillae in the form of broad clasping muscle bands; no bulla, 
genital process, or posterior processes, but an unsegmented abdomen with anal 
laminae: amale.type.J, pl. 27 wn «oon ni. csinismrenie Naobranchia Hesse, 1863, p. 657. 


. Cephalothorax elongate and wormlike, flexed at an angle with the trunk; second 


maxillae mormaland furnished witha) bullasj2- 222 ose eee eee ee eee 10. 


. Second maxillae short and completely fused, often entirely lacking; a genital 


process, but no abdomen or anal Jaminae, and usually no posterior processes. 11. 


. Second maxillae long and separate to their tips; a genital process and from two to 


six posterior processes, but no abdomen or anal laminae. .......---...---- 12. 


. Second antennae uniramose, turned down across the frontal margin; first maxillae 


bipartite; first antennae three-jointed; male type M, pl. 27. 
Clavella Oken, 1815, p. 666. 
Second antennae biramose, turned down across the frontal margin, ventral ramus 
two-jointed; posterior processes sometimes present; first maxillae bipartite; first 
antennae four-jointed; male type, K, pl. 27 ....Clavellopsis, new genus, p. 686. 


no. 2068. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 601 


11. Second antennae biramose, turned down across the frontal margin, ventral ramus 
unsegmented; first maxillae tripartite; first antennae three-jointed; male type 
irate 2 fete eek eras Meiem a ateiete laine alee ci chsie mine Clavellodes, new genus, p. 689. 

11. Second antennae biramose, projecting forward, ventral ramus unsegmented; first 
antennae very large, four-jointed, projecting forward and often armed with large 
spines; first maxillae bipartite; male type E, pl. 26. Clavellisa, new genus, p. 693, 

12. No posterior processes; no dorsal carapace; both rami of second antennae unseg- 
mented; male type P, pl. 28..--.. eiiaeista se Eubrachiella, new genus, p. 716. 

12. Two or four posterior processes; a distinct dorsal carapace; exopod of second 
antennae two-jointed -....-.- 22s - <2 enn n re nace ne sone seein nestor i= ig} 

12. Six or eight posterior processes; no genital process; cephalothorax flexed forward, 
MOE RAC KWATGs tee soe See nehairs sete oO cics sed Since ers ee Sei ice iio ateerniatalsriainteas 14. 

13. Cephalothorax separated from the trunk by a distinct groove; first maxillae bipar- 
tite; second maxillae with fingerlike processes or with a club-shaped bulla; 
male type O, pli28. <2 sc aces «jin nc: clam Parabrachiella, new genus, p. 713. 

13. No groove between the cephalothorax and trunk; first maxillae tripartite; second 
maxillae without process2s or with an ordinary button-shaped bulla; male type 
Shia 0) kg Ae aie Se En CSE a Brachiella Cuvier, 1830, p. 698. 

14. No dorsal carapace; exopod of second antennae two-jointed ; second maxillae sepa- 
rate to their tips; first maxillae bipartite, palp with two spines; male type 
81 0s, See BAS Ano SEBS e OAc prer ORs oc eer Epibrachiella, new genus, p. 715. 

14. A distinct dorsal carapace; both rami of second antennae unsegmented; second 
maxillae completely fused; first maxillae tripartite, no palp; male type R, 
Peo Sease tice feces ci ciricls == isis)ats'= <Isisice = Probrachiella, new genus, p. 716. 


Synonyms.—The mouth parts being difficult to discern while the 
swimming legs are entirely lacking, the old investigators were com- 
pelled to depend largely upon the general form, the external appear- 
ance, and the egg strings. These features are changeable enough at 
their best, but when we reflect that practically every specimen 
described by those investigators had been preserved in strong alcohol 
we wonder that they located so many of them correctly. The alcohol 
warps and distorts the soft and unresisting tissues, wrinkles the 
skin, changes or bleaches out the color, and shrinks the bodies. In 
view of these facts it is not surprising that the same animal in three 
or four different kinds of preservation has served as the type of as 
many distinct species or even genera. In consequence there are very 
few of the genera which do not have at least one synonym, while some 
of them have as many asfour. The following is a list of the synonyms 
as at present recognized: 

Pediculus—Baird in his British Entomostraca says: ‘‘the first 
notice taken of any species appertaining to the genus [Lernaeopoda] 
was by Gisler in 1751, who, in the twelfth volume of the ‘Acta Suecica,’ 
describes and figures a species of Lernea found by him on the salmon, 
and which he called ‘Pediculus salmonis or Lax-lusen’”’. 'There is 
no twelfth volume, 1751, of the Acta Suecica, but in vol. 12, 1751, 
of Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps Academiens Handlingar, p. 185, Nils 
Gissler described ‘‘Lax-lusen,’’ but did not mention Pediculus. Hence 
the name must be dropped, especially as it was afterwards used by 
Linnaeus for a genus of Epizoa. 


602 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


Schisturus—This name was applied by Rudolphi in 1809 to a genus 


of worms, and by Oken in 1815 to a single species of the genus Cla- 
vella. In this latter use it becomes a synonym. 

Entomoda.—Appled by Lamarck in 1818 to the genus Lernaeopoda; 
but as the type or first species named by Lamarck under his new 
genus was /. cornuta, which belongs to the genus Chondracanthus, 
established in 1811, it is evident that the name can not be used for 
a Lernaeopod. 

Anchorella.—Proposed by Cuvier in 1830 for a single Lernaean 
which he wished to establish as a new genus, and afterwards applied 
by other authors to the entire genus Clavella, excluding the latter 
name. But the name Clavella had been published by Oken in 1815 
and hence Anchorella is either a distinct genus or becomes a syno- 
nym (see p. 667). 

Lernaeomyzon.—Proposed by Blainville in 1822 for this same genus 
Clavella, but the latter had seven years’ precedence. 

Hessia.—In 1870 Edouard van Beneden published a paper‘ en- 
titled “Developpement des genres Anchorella, Lernaeopoda, Brachiella, 
et Hessia.”’ 

No description of this last-mentioned genus is given, nor any 
figures except of the eggs and one larval stage. Beneden says of 
it that it approaches on the one side Anchorella, which it resembles 
in all the phenomena of development, while on the other hand it is 
like certain of the Chondracanthidae in its external appearance; that 
it is a very common parasite along the coast of Brittany in the gill 
cavity of Trigla lineata. It may be the same species that Richiardi 
afterwards designated as Anchorella carusi. But he also has given 
us no description or figures; hence both designations become mere 
names until something further is known about them. 

Cestopoda.—Kurz in his admirable paper on the Lernaeopodidae 
(1877) described and figured a new genus and species which he des- 
ignated as Cestopoda amplectens. But 14 years before Hesse had 
described a new genus and species which he called Naobranchia cygni- 
formis. The two genera are identical, although the species are dis- 
tinct, and hence Kurz’s name must become a synonym of that given 
by Hesse? 

Stylophorus.—In 1878 Hesse published the description and figures 
of another new genus and species which he called Stylophorus hippo- 
cephalus. But on examination this proves to be the same genus that 
Kréyer had designated as Charopinus in 1863. Hence Hesse’s name 
must become a synonym of Kréyer’s. 

Thynnicola.—Miculicich in 1904 described what he thought to be 
a new genus and species under the name Thynnicola ziegleri, but which 


1Bull. Acad. Roy. Belgique, ser. 2, vol. 29, p. 223. 
2 Annales des Sciences Naturelles, ser. 4, vol. 20, p. 101, pl. 1. 


; 


no. 2068. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 603 


proved to be the same that Cuvier had named Brachiella thynn. 
The former thus becomes a synonym of the latter name. 


LEHERNAHOPODINAH, new subfamily. 


Subfamily characters of Female—Cephalothorax shorter than the 
arms, and in line with the body or bent forward at an angle; trunk 
plump, sometimes with, sometimes without, posterior processes, but 
_ often showing more or less distinct segmentation; a genital process in 
some genera but no anal laminae; second maxillae outside of maxilli- 
peds and the two close behind the base of the mouth tube; the 
maxillae united only at the tips, sometimes entirely separate; bulla, 
when present, of the ordinary type; egg strings usually short and 
plump. 

Male-—Cephalothorax separated by a well-marked groove from the 
body, which is often segmented; anal laminae present and usually 
directed backward; second antennae biramose and armed with a claw. 


SALMINCOLA, new genus. 


Generic Characters of Female.—Cephalothorax short, stout, and 
inclined at an angle to the body axis; separated from the trunk by 
a groove, but with no definite waist; no dorsal carapace; trunk short 
and stout, often flattened dorso-ventrally, with no signs of seg- 
mentation; no abdomen, anal laminae, or posterior processes; a small 
transparent genital process is present in the young female and often 
in the adult. First antennae indistinctly three-jomted, usually 
showing no segmentation; second antennae biramose, both rami one- 
jointed, the endopod larger than the exopod; first maxillae tipped with 
three spines and without a palp; second maxillae short and stout, 
joined at the tip by a button or mushroom-shaped bulla, often 
joined also at the base around the back of the thorax, forming a pair 
of ‘‘shoulders;’ maxilipeds with a stout basal jomt and a slender 
terminal claw; egg strings usually long and slender, eggs small and 
numerous. 

Generic characters of male.—Size small (0.50 mm.); cephalothorax 
about the same length as the trunk, the two bent into the form of a 
semicircle; no dorsal carapace; trunk a little stouter than the ceph- 
alothorax and indistinctly segmented, with a pair of short anal 
laminae curved dorsally; no abdomen; first antennae three-jointed; 
second antennae biramose, the exopod (ventral ramus) uncinate; 
second maxillae and maxillipeds each three-jointed, attached to the 
concave margin of the semicircle at the center, their tips reaching 
the same level as the tips of the antennae and the anal laminae; 
maxillipeds stouter than the second maxillae and attached inside 
the bases of the latter. 


604 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 47. 


Type.—Salmincola salmonea (Lernaea salmonea Gissler). 

(Salmincola, Salmo, the host family and incola, a dweller.) 

Remarks.—This new genus differs from Lernaeopoda in the absence 
of a dorsal carapace on the cephalothorax, in the fact that the first 
thorax segments are not differentiated, in the absence of posterior 
processes and a palp on the first maxillae, and in the presence of a 
genital process. From Lernaeopodina it may be distinguished by the 
absence of a dorsal carapace, posterior processes, and the palp on the 
first maxillae, by the presence of a genital process, and by the structure 
of the maxillipeds. 

From Achtheres it may be separated by the configuration of the 
top of the head (see figs. 19 and 69), by the absence of a neck and 
abdomen, by the presence of a genital process, and by the form of the 
second antennae, which are folded across the front of the head in 
Achtheres, but are carried straight forward in Salmincola. 

The only male of the genus thus far discovered is that of edwardsii 
which has recently been described and figured by Fasten.’ 

It shows a much closer relationship to Achtheres than to Lernae- 
opoda, but may be distinguished by its smaller size, by the curvature 
of the cephalothorax and trunk, and by the structure of the second 


antennae. 
TABLE OF SPECIES. 


1. Body two or three times as long as the cephalothorax and much wider, flattened 
derso-ventrally and:notinflated. <2. je): sis Heese dale eee a= ee eee = 
1. Body and cephalothorax of about the same length, trunk wider and considerably 
inflated, sometimes spherical; arms much shorter than the trunk and with a 
jy stt a) (0 yl J) 1 Eee enna ee OMe bee oem Soe sees te Me Ll) va 
2. Cephalothorax as wide or wider than long and nearly in line with the trunk. ... 3. 
2. Cephalothorax much longer than wide and at right angles to the trunk axis.... 6. 
3. Arms straight and considerably longer than the trunk.............-...----.-- 4. 
3. Arms more or less curved and shorter than the trunk..................------ 5. 
4. Bulla funnel-shaped; two chitinous appendages between the bases of the first 
MITER GO Cee ye ate teas ope wai sia alncineke ar eee mane alpina (Olsson), 1877. 
4. Bulla mushroom-shaped; body much flattened, thinner posteriorly than anter- 
ROVE sae Seco ere eee See eee emcee californiensis (Dana), 1852, p. 605. 
4, Bulla orbicular with a long petiole; maxillipeds large and stout, without accessory 
ApINeGs 2 sete cN- Git oa aah A ate ow ra ee carpionis (Kr¢yer), 1837, p. 606. 
5. Bulla scoop-shaped, with its concave ventral surface applied to the outside of the 
gill filament; maxillipeds with accessory peg on ventral surface of basal 


HOWNG St toes. Sees ok en Se eee tan ooo eee seas salmonea (Gissler), 1751, p. 607. 
5. Bulla pear-shaped; maxillipeds with a minute tooth on the inner margin of cecal 
JOMiGs.. be So 425 ha ie ys ee ae ere Sepa ees coregonorum (Kessler), 1868. 


6. Bulla mushroom-shaped and petioled, arms longer than the trunk; maxillipeds 
plainly visible, with a large papilla on the basal joint 

siscowet (Smith), 1874, p. 608. 

6. Bulla mushroom-shaped and petioled; arms longer than the trunk and covered 

with a ‘‘vagina;’’? maxillipeds concealed between the arms and without 

papillae 22 oe sedan ane wee peace aaa tae may ae Ie lotae (Olsson), 1877. 


1 Biol. Bull., vol. 27, p. 116, pls. 1-3. 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 605 


6. Bulla globular and sessile; arms much shorter than trunk; maxillipeds plainly 
visible, very large, destitute of claws; trunk contracted anteriorly into a 
UES Keener ae paar Sip ee MN ich ciate ae, Sa G2 ed as Stes maraenae (Olsson), 1877. 

6. Bulla spherical and sessile; arms longer than trunk; maxillipeds plainly visible, 
slender, bearing claws; trunk spool-shaped and much elongated. 

extensa (Kessler), 1868. 

7. Dorsal outline of head elongate with concave sides; maxillipeds with accessory 


epinesiou: basal or terminal joimts, or both << 2.27.4 22~ <2 aoe oce ss ine sense 8. 
7. Dorsal outline of head broadly ovate with convex sides; maxillipeds without 
accessory spines and often without claws............0....-..-..----+--- 1G? 


8. Bulla mushroom-shaped with enlarging pedicel; maxillipeds plainly visible, but 
only reaching the base of the mouth tube; first maxillae with palp. 
edwardsii (Olsson), 1869, p. 609. 
8. Bulla conical with enlarging pedicel; maxillipeds visible and reaching anterior 
margin of head; first maxillae without a palp and with 2 setae. 
oquassa, new species, p. 611. 
8. First maxillae without a palp but with 3 terminal setae; maxillipeds of varying 


9. Bulla mushroom-shaped with two distinct pedicels; maxillipeds wholly sista 

with a large spine on the basal joint; egg tubes widely separated at their base, 

bicauliculata (Wilson), 1908, p. 612. 

9. Bulla mushroom-shaped, only one pedicel; maxillipeds partly hidden; no spine 
on basal joint; egg tubes close together at their base. 

Jalculata (Wilson), 1908, p. 613. 

9. Bulla club-shaped, five times as long as wide; maxillipeds completely hidden 
between the arms; the latter short and much swollen. 

thymalli (Kessler), 1868, p. 613. 

10. No terminal claws on maxillipeds; egg tubes turned forward and curled against 


the trunk; diameter of bulla much greater than that of the arms..........-.- nate 
10. Small terminal claws present on maxillipeds; egg tubes long and slender and in 
normal position; diameter of bulla about the same as that of the arms........ 12. 


11. First antennae two-jointed ; exopod of second paira segmented papilla; first maxillae 
short and stout; toothed edge of mandible continuous and uninterrupted. 
inermis (Wilson), 1911, p. 614. 
11. First antennae unsegmented; exopod of second pair a claw; first maxillae long and 
slender; toothed edge of mandible with a wide gap near the center. 
extumescens (Gadd), 1901. 
12. Cephalothorax in line with trunk; basal joint of maxilliped very slender; exopod 
of second antenna distinctly jointed; no accessory spine on maxillipeds. 
arcturt (Miers), 1877, 
12. Cephalothorax at an obtuse angle with trunk; basal joint of maxillipeds stout and 
armed with accessory spine; exopod of second antenna not jointed. 
beant (Wilson), 1908, p. 615. 
12. Cephalothorax at right angles to trunk; bases of arms forming a pronounced hump 
across back of head; terminal claw of maxillipeds large. 
gibber (Wilson), 1908, p. 615. 
12. Cephalothorax at right angles to trunk; no pronounced hump; no claw on maxil- 
BI GUBE ee ees ec nie ae eros ree ereer carpentert (Packard), 1874, p. 616. 


SALMINCOLA CALIFORNIENSIS (Dana). 
Lernaeopoda californiensis Dana, 1852, p. 1379, pl. 96, figs. la and 1b. 
Plate 29, figs. 16 and 17. 


Host and record of specimens.—Several females were taken from 
the body of a salmon (Oncorhynchus) in the Klamath River, Cali- 


606. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 47, 


fornia, by the Wilkes Exploring Expedition. Four females were 
collected by Dr. B. W. Evermann from the gills of Oncorhynchus 
nerka at the inlet of Big Payette Lake, Idaho, September 27, 1894. 
These were identified by G. G. Gurley, and from them he obtained the 
measurements given below. Unfortunately none of these speci- 
mens appear in the United States National Museum collection.! 

Specific characters of female-—Cephalothorax in line with the trunk 
axis, triangular in outline, one-third the length of the trunk, nearly 
twice as wide as long, with rounded corners. Trunk elliptical, at 
the center nearly twice as broad as the head, drawn to a rounded 
point posteriorly between the egg strings. In lateral view both the 
head and the trunk are flattened into a continuous straight line on 
the ventral surface, but very convex dorsally. The trunk is thickest 
anteriorly and the cephalothorax posteriorly, and each tapers rapidly 
toward the opposite extremity. Egg strings slender, cylindrical, 
and one-half longer than the trunk; eggs in 8 or 10 lonesamemtal rows, 
about 30 in a row. Second maxillae short and stout and much 
wrinkled, joined to the bulla by a long and slender pedicel; bulla 
mushroom-shaped, its diameter considerably greater than that of the 
maxillae themselves; maxilipeds short and slender. 

Male.—Unknown. 

Color Nees aves material), a uniform grayish white. Total length, 
3.5 mm.; breadth, 2.8 mm.; length of arms, 2.72 mm.; length of 
bulla medics. 0.95 mm. ieee of egg strings, 4.36 mm. 

(californiensis, from the locality in which it was found). 

Remarks.—In support of his identification Gurley notes the fact 
that Oncorhynchus nerka, from which Doctor Evermann obtained his 
specimens, is the species which occurs in the Klamath River, where 
Dana’s types were found. The species seems to be a valid one, 
although there are no specimens of it now available. For this reason 
and because Dana’s figures are not readily accessible they are repro- 
duced here (pl. 29, figs. 16 and 17) somewhat enlarged, but other- 
wise just as he published them. 


SALMINCOLA CARPIONIS (Krfyer). 


Lernaeopoda carpionis KréyErR, 1837,p. 268, pl. 2, fig. 6. 

Remarks.—Kr¢yer distinguished this species from salmonea as 
follows, a distinction which Bassett-Smith and others have tried to 
set aside. 

Salmonea, head small, less than a fourth the length of the animal, subtriangular, of 
the same length and width, directed straight forward or a little backward. Arms 
elongate, equaling or exceeding the length of the trunk and making an obtuse angle 
with it; bulla recumbent, depressed, oval, yellow, subcartilaginous, and without a 
pedicel. External egg sacks short, slender, almost filiform, with two transverse series 
of eggs at the most. 


1 Eight females have since been taken from the same host and locality; they have received Cat. No. 
43563, U.S.N.M., and will be more fully described later. 


No. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 607 


Carpionis, head large, more than a fourth the length of the animal, ovate, much 
longer than wide, making with the trunk a right angle or one a little acute. Arms 
shorter than the trunk, often pressed against the surface of the underlying segment; 
bulla large, orbicular, very convex, black, horny, with an elongate and slender ped- 
icel. External egg sacks of medium size with three or four transverse rows of eggs. 

In Kr¢yer’s figures there are also decided differences in the struc- 
ture of the maxillipeds and second antennae, which make his specific 
distinction a valid one, and accordingly the two species have both 
been placed in the new genus Salmincola. 


SALMINCOLA SALMONEA (Gissler). 
Plate 29, figs. 18 to 22. 
Lax-lusen, Lernaea salmonea GissuER,! 1751, p. 185, pl. 6, figs. 1-5. 
Lernaea salmonea LINNAEvS, 1761, p. 509, No. 2102. 
Schisturus salmoneus OKEN, 1816, p. 183. 


Entomoda salmonea LAMARCK, 1818, p. 686. 
Lernaeopoda salmonea BLAINVILLE, 1822, p. 443. 


Host and record of specimens.—Three females with egg strings from 
the gills of a salmon at Bamffshire, England, were obtained by ex- 
change from Canon A. M. Norman, and are numbered 8339, U.S.N.M. 

A second lot of six females was obtained by R. Hitchcock from 
the gills of salmon in England and is numbered 39608, U.S.N.M. 

Specific characters of female-—Cephalothorax short and stocky, 
three-lobed in dorsal view, being enlarged posteriorly through the 
bases of the second maxillae; separated from the trunk by a distinct 
groove; no dorsal carapace. Trunk a flattened ovoid or pyriform, 
narrowed anteriorly into a short neck, considerably enlarged and 
often somewhat three-lobed posteriorly, with a minute genital process 
at the center of the median lobe; no abdomen, anal laminae, or pos- 
terior processes. 

First antennae short and tipped with a minute spine; no external 
indication of segmentation. Second antennae biramose; exopod 
longer and larger than the endopod and tipped with a large curved 
spine and two or three smaller ones; both rami one-jointed. 

First maxillae slender and tipped with three small jointed setae, 
no palp; second maxillae, including the bulla, the same length as, or 
slightly shorter than, the entire body, joined at the tip to a large 
ovate bulla, sometimes by a single pedicel, sometimes by two dis- 
tinct pedicels. Bulla as wide as both maxillae together, concave 
ventrally, convex dorsally, thickened and projecting back of the 
pedicel along the proximal margin. This bulla is turned down so 
that its long axis is parallel with that of the maxillae and its concave 

ventral surface is applied to the outside of the gill filament, instead 
of being buried in its tissue. 

Maxillipeds with a stout basal joint and a short, slender, curved 
claw; the latter with an accessory spine near the center of its inner 


1Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps Academiens Handlingar, vol. 12. 


608 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 47. 


margin; the former with a short and stout spine or peg on its ventral 
surface near the base of the terminal claw. This spine is not in line 
with the terminal claw but the latter shuts past it dorsally. 

Male.—Unknown. Color a uniform yellowish-white; bulla bluish 
or light purple. Total length (without egg strings) 7 to 8 mm.; 
breadth, 3 mm.; length of arms, 5 mm.; of bulla, 1.5 mm.; of egg 
strings, 6 mm. 

(salmonea, of or pertaining to salmon). 

Remarks.—This species has been described by so many authors 
that very little is left to be added. Attention, however, is called 
to the fact that the median projection at the posterior end of the 
body is not an abdomen but a genital process like that in Clavella. 
Also the “two apical knobs” mentioned by some authors are really 
spermatophores (see fig. 22). The bulla is very peculiar in its appli- 
cation to the gill filament, as well as in its shape and orientation. 
The peculiar pattern of the dorsal surface of the head is a good char- 
acteristic of the species, and this with the bulla affords a ready 
means of identification. These points, together with the peg on the 
maxillipeds, are the chief reasons for presenting the figures here given. 


SALMINCOLA SISCOWET (Smith). 
Plate 30, figs. 23 to 29. 
Lernaeopoda siscowet Suirn, 1874, p.. 664, pl. 3, figs. 15-16. 


Host and record of specimens.—Seven adult females with egg 
strings were taken from the gills of Cristivomer namaycush siscowet 
at Outer Island, Lake Superior, by J. W. Milner. They are num- 
bered 39597, U.S.N.M. and are labeled in Professor Smith’s hand- 
writing “‘ Lernaeopoda siscowet Smith, Cotypes.”’ 

Specific characters of female. —Cephalothorax ovate, flattened dorso- 
ventrally, coming to a rather sharp point anteriorly, and thickened 
posteriorly through the bases of the arms so that it overhangs con- 
siderably the trunk, from which it is separated by a very distinct 
groove. Dorsally the cephalothorax is strongly arched, while ven- 
trally the large maxillipeds stand out prominently, like an under jaw. 
Trunk pear-shaped, considerably narrowed anteriorly, but not form- 
ing a distinct neck; only a little longer than wide, with obscure seg- 
mentation grooves on the ventral surface; strongly arched dorsally 
and truncated posteriorly, but ventrally extending a little back of 
the bases of the egg strings. 

The latter are cylindrical and as long as the entire body or longer; 
eggs in 6 or 7 longitudinal rows, much twisted, about 30 eggs in 
each row. 

First antennae of medium length and tipped with 2 or 3 minute 
spines, but very obscurely segmented; second pair biramose, the 
exopod one-jointed, longer than the endopod, enlarged a little at 
the tip and armed with a few straggling spines; the endopod two- 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 609 


jointed, the basal joint swollen into a large ventral knob armed with 
spines and similar to the one in Salmincola edwardsw (p. 610); the 
terminal joint narrow and palplike and tipped with a single fleshy 
point on the margin next to the exopod. There is also a knob on 
the outer surface of the basal joint, close to the base of the endopod 
which projects strongly and is armed with curved spines. Mandible 
stout, broadened toward the base and curved, armed with four large 
distal teeth, which are curved and bluntly pointed, and one small, 
sharp proximal tooth. First maxillae short and slender, tipped with 
two conical spines and without a palp; second maxillae as long as, 
or even considerably longer than, the trunk, slender, nearly straight, 
and a trifle enlarged at the tips. Bulla mushroom-shaped, its diam- 
eter almost three times that of either arm, its pedicel long, large, 
and inflated at the distal end. Maxillipeds of medium size, the ter- 
minal joint curved and tipped with a short curved claw and an 
inner minute spine; the basal joint with a large papilla on its ven- 
tral surface, which is terminated by two small papillae, each bearing 
a spine which seems to be retractile. 

Color (preserved material) a uniform yellowish-white. 

Total length (excluding egg strings), 7 mm. Length of cephalo- 
thorax, 2.8 mm.; of trunk, 4.2 mm.; of second maxillae (including 
bulla), 8 mm.; of egg strings, 7 mm. Width of trunk, 2.8 mm. 

(stscowet, Indian name of host). 

Male.—Unknown. 

Remarks.—This species was described and figured by Smith in 1874 
and has not since been seen by any investigator. Fortunately, some 
of Smith’s original specimens have been preserved in the United States 
National Museum, and from them the present description and figures 
have been taken. There is practically little to add to Smith’s excel- 
lent description, but the second antennae and first maxillae are here 
figured, both of which present specific characters. These, with the 
peculiar outline of the top of the head, and the equally peculiar 
papilla on the maxillipeds, distinguish this species from all others. 


SALMINCOLA EDWARDSII (Olsson). 
Plate 30, figs. 30 to 35. 


Lernaecopoda salmonea Mayor, 1824, p. 24. 

Basanistes salmonea M1tNE Epwarps, 1840, p. 509, pl. 41, fig. 3. 

Lernaeopoda edwardsii OLsson, 1869, p. 36.—WricuHt, 1882, p. 246, pl. 1, figs. 1-11. 
Lernaeopoda fontinalis Smurrn, 1874, p. 663, pl. 3, figs. 12-14. 


Host and record of specimens.—Twenty-five adult females were ob- 
tained from the gills of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, at the 
State hatchery at Wild Rose, Wisconsin, and have received the 
number 43574, U.S.N.M. A second lot of ten females were taken 
from the gills of the same host at Caledonia, New York, and are 

34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——39 


610 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47, 


numbered 39587, U.S.N.M. Three females were taken from brook 
trout at Sleepy Creek, Houghton, Michigan, Aug. 30, 1905, by 
T. T. Hankinary, and are numbered 43577, U.S.N.M. ‘There are two 
females probably belonging to this species, which are labeled ‘‘Lake 
Superior. U.S. Lake Survey. S. I. Smith, 1871,” but the speci- 
mens are so shriveled in the alcohol as to meke the identification 
uncertain. 

Smith also described as a new species (Lernaeopoda fontinalis) 
specimens found upon brook trout at Norway, Maine, in A. B. 
Crockett’s hatchery, which are undoubtedly the same as the present 
species. 

Gurley in his manuscript reports a number of specimens from brook 
trout in the ponds of the U. S. Fish Commission Station, Northville, 
Michigan, which he collected April 26, 1894, during a severe epidemic 
which killed many of the fish. Specimens were also sent to the 
United States National Museum May 16, 1911, from trout in a small 
brook at South St. Paul, Minnesota, by Marshall EK. Humphrey, of the 
Kinnickinic Fisherman’s Association. These were identified by the 
present author and returned to Mr. Humphrey. 

Specific characters of female—Cephalothorax inclined at an angle 
of about 45° to the trunk axis, elongate-triangulate, broadest across 
the posterior margin, narrowing to a rounded point anteriorly, two- 
thirds as long as the trunk, and separated from it by a well-defined 
groove and by the ridge formed by the bases of the second maxillae. 
Trunk pear-shaped, narrowed anteriorly where it joins the cephalo- 
thorax, but without a definite neck; flattened on the ventral surface, 
strongly convex dorsally; no anal laminae or posterior processes, but 
in all the younger and in some of the adult specimens there is a small 
genital process. Egg strings short and stout, rarely longer than the 
trunk; eggs of good size, arranged in 4 or 5 longitudinal rows, from 
12 to 15 eggs in each row. First antennae short, nearly the same 
diameter throughout, tipped with two or three minute spines and 
showing no traces of segmentation. Second antennae biramose, the 
exopod rounded and unsegmented, covered on the outer, and a part 
of the terminal, margin with short spines curved inward; the endopod 
two-jointed, the basal joint swollen on its ventral and lateral margins 
into a rounded knob covered with short curved spines, the terminal 
joint much narrower than the basal, palp-like, and terminating in two 
fleshy points. Mandibles relatively short and stout, the distal third 
armed with 5 or 6 curved teeth without any secondary teeth. First 
maxillae short and rather stout, terminating in one (Wright) or two 
curved spines, the palp flask-shaped, shorter than the maxilla, and 
terminating in one or two (Wright) curved spines. Second maxillae 
(excluding the bulla) about the same length as the fused trunk, the 
same diameter throughout, and extending around the back of the 


no. 20683. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 611 


head to form a thick collar or ridge. Bulla mushroom-shaped, one- 
third as long and nearly twice the diameter of the maxillae, with a 
conical pedicel. None of these specimens showed the bilateral char- 
acter spoken of by Wright (1882, p. 248). Maxillipeds three-jointed, 
the two basal joints considerably swollen, the terminal joints tapering 
strongly, the claw minute and curved. 

Color (preserved material) a uniform grayish-white. 

Tota] length (without egg strings), 4.35 mm. Length of trunk, 
2.5mm.; of arms and bulla, 2.85 mm.; of egg strings, 2.5 to 4.5 mm. 

(edwardsii, to Milne Edwards). 

Specific characters of male.—Since this is the only male known in 
the genus the specific characters are the same as the generic (p. 603). 

Remarks.—This species was first described by Mayor in 1824 under 
the name Lernaeopoda salmonea, because he believed it to be the 
same as the species which Gissler, Linnaeus, and Blainville had pub- 
lished under that name. Milne Edwards in 1840 assigned Mayor’s 
species to the genus Basanistes, while he retained Gissler’s species in 
the genus Lernaeopoda. In 1869 Olsson changed the species back 
again to the genus Lernacopoda, but confirmed Milne Edwards’s 
opinion that it was not the same as the salmonea of Linnaeus. Ac- 
cordingly, he proposed the new name edwardsii for it, and it has been 
thus known ever since. From the descriptions and figures of these 
various authors there seems to be no reasonable doubt that the 
form found in Europe is identical with that on the American trout. 
Attention is called especially to the form of the bulla, the hump 
joining the bases of the arms, the second antennae, and the maxilli- 
peds as the distinguishing characters of the species. 


SALMINCOLA OQUASSA, new species. 
Plate 31, figs. 36 to 40. 


Host and record of specimens.—Five females with egg strings were 
obtained from blue-back trout, Salvelinus oquassa, at Rangeley Lakes, 
Maine, Nov. 27, 1884, by Prof. L. A. Lee, of Bowdoin College. They 
are numbered 39604, U.S.N.M. One of them has been selected to 
serve as the type of the new species and is numbered 43578, U.S.N.M. 
They were attached to the inside of the operculum of the trout. 

Specific characters of female—Cephalothorax narrow and much 
longer than wide, forming with the trunk a crescent or semicircle. 

Trunk pear-shaped, strongly narrowed anteriorly but without a 
definite neck; squarely truncated posteriorly. Egg strings consider- 
ably shorter than the trunk and rather plump, slightly curved and 
attached to the body not by their ends but on one side near the end, 
so that they project both forward and backward eggs large, ar- 
ranged in 5 rows, about 10 in each row. 


612 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


First antenae minute, only two joints visible, the terminal one 
armed with a single small spine. Second pair large and stout, the 
basal portion definitely two-jointed; the endopod well rounded, one- 
jointed and armed with numerous short and sharp spines; the exo- 
pod two-jointed and tipped with two larger and blunter spines. 
First maxillae quite small, set well up on the mouth-tube, and tipped 
with two short and stout spines. Second maxillae stout, quite 
straight, and joined at the tip to a conical bulla whose length and 
diameter are about equal to that of the arms themselves. Maxilli- 
peds reaching the extreme tip of the mouth-tube, rather slender, 
ending in a curved claw with a tiny spine at its base; the second joint 
also carries on its ventral surface a short process armed with a blunt 
spine. 

Male.—Unknown. 

Color (preserved material) a uniform brownish-white. 

Total length (without egg strings), 4.25 mm. Length of trunk, 
2.5 mm; of arms, 3 mm.; of egg strings, 2 mm. Width of trunk, 
1.75 mm.; of egg strings, 0.66 mm. 

(oguassa, the specific name of the host.) 

Remarks.—The above specimens were found in a collection sent 
to the Museum by Professor Lee. They are somewhat shrunken, but 
show unmistakably that they do not belong to any known species 
and accordingly are used as the types of a new species. 

They are most closely related to alpina and edwardsw, from which 
they can readily be distinguished by the much greater length of the 
maxillipeds and by the details of the second antennae. 


SALMINCOLA BICAULICULATA (Wilson). 
Plate 31, figs. 41 and 42. 
Lernaeopoda bicauliculata Wrison, 1908, p. 472, pl. 82. 


Host and record of specumens.—Three females were taken from the 
tips of the gill filaments of the Dolly Varden trout, Salvelinus malma, 
at Bering Island by Gov. N. Grebnitzky. These were made the 
types of the species and were numbered 38594, U.S.N.M. 

Two fémales were obtained by Dr. L. Stejneger at Bering Island in 
1882, from an unknown host. These are Cat. No. 8453, U.S.N.M. 
A single female was taken from a ‘‘trout’’ at Mapleton, Oregon, by 
Dr. S. E. Meek in 1896, and is Cat. No. 38575, U.S.N.M. 

Remarks.—This species was fully described and figured in 1908. 
It may be recognized by the two pedicels of the bulla, by the wide 
separation of the bases of the egg strings, by the peculiar pattern of 
the dorsal surface of the head, and by its attachment to the tips of 
the gill filaments. Two figures, one of them new, are introduced 
here for comparison. 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 613 


SALMINCOLA FALCULATA (Wilson). 
Plate 31, figs. 43 and 44. 
Lernaeopoda falculata Witson, 1908, p. 473, pl. 83. 


Host and record of specimens.—Four females from the gills of the 
blue-back salmon, Onchorhynchus nerka, at Baker Lake,Washington, 
in 1902, by the United States Bureau of Fisheries, Cat. No. 38586, 
U.S.N.M. One female from Bristol Bay, Alaska, no date or host, 
Cat. No. 8340, U.S.N.M. Three lots obtained by the United States 
Bureau of Fisheries from trout in California, Cat. Nos. 38588, 38589, 
and 38590, U.S.N.M. 

Remarks.—This species may be recognized by the abruptly nar- 
rowed ends of the second maxillae, by the position and length of the 
egg strings, and by the contour of the dorsal surface of the head. 
The species was fully described and figured in 1908, but two figures, 
one of them new, are here introduced for comparison. 


SALMINCOLA THYMALLI (Kessler). 
Plate 32, figs. 45 and 46. 


Lernaeopoda thymalli Kesstmr, 1868, p. 97, pl. 4, fig. 3 a and b.—Ganp, 1904, p. 34. 
Lernaeopoda clavigera Otsson, 1872, p. 63, pl. 5, figs. 1-6. 

Host and record of specimens.—A single female with egg strings 
from the gills of Thymallus vulgaris at Yamtl, Sweden; three females 
without egg strings from Salmo alpinus at the same locality. Both 
lots were obtained by exchange with the University of Stockholm; 
the former is Cat. No. 20001, and the latter 19999, U.'S.N.M. 

Specific characters of female-—Cephalothorax egg or pear-shaped, 
almost twice as long as wide, two-fifths as long as the trunk, and bent 
at right angles to the axis of the latter, from which it is separated by 
a deep groove and by the thickened bases of the second maxillae. 
Trunk considerably thicker than the cephalothorax, somewhat 
flattened dorso-ventrally, with no traces of segmentation. A short 
conical genital process on the posterior end of the trunk, a little 
nearer the ventral surface; no abdomen, anal laminae, or posterior 
processes. Egg strings cylindrical, two-fifths as wide as, and a little 
longer than, the trunk; eggs small, arranged in 8 or 10 longitudinal 
rows, about 20 eggs in each row. 

First antennae indistinctly four-joited; second pair biramose, 
the endopod narrower and longer than the exopod and two-jointed, . 
both rami covered with small spines. First maxillae small and tipped 
with three setae; second maxillae stout, curved forwards and inwards, 
their base at right angles to the body axis, and their tips considerably 
enlarged. Bulla as long as the second maxillae, club-shaped, some- 
times lanceolate, and three or four times as long as wide. It is always 
buried in the tip of the gill filament and shows in its center an elongate 


614 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


transparent area. Maxillipeds concealed between the second max- 
illae, short and stout, with a curved terminal claw, having near its 
base several small spines. 

Color (preserved material) a uniform grayish-yellow, the contents 
of the digestive tube a shining black. 

Total length (without egg strings), 4 mm. Length of second 
maxillae, 1.6 mm.; of trunk, 2.8 mm.; of bulla, 1.5 mm. Thickness 
of trunk, 1.75 mm. 

(thymalli, the generic name of the most common host.) 

Male.—Unknown. 

Remarks.—-This species was first described by Kessler in 1868. 
Olsson in 1872, not knowing of Kessler’s description, called it Lernae- 
opoda clavigera. Gadd in 1904, recognizing the identity of the two 
species, adopted Kessler’s name and made Olsson’s a synonym. It 
may be readily distinguished from all other species by its enormous 
club-shaped bulla. The three females taken from Salmo alpinus 
were labelled by the University of Stockholm ‘‘Lernaeopoda alpina,” 
but they show none of the characters of that species while they do 
conform in every particular to the present species. The short and 
very plump body and the contour of the dorsal surface of the head 
are also distinguishing characters. 


SALMINCOLA INERMIS (Wilson). 
Plate 32, figs. 47 to 51. 
Lernaeopoda inermis Witson, 1911, p. 632, pl. 68, figs. 33-36. 


Host and record of specimens—Found abundantly on the Lake 
herring, Argyrosomus artedi, in Lake Huron and Lake Superior. 

The United States National Museum contains five lots of speci- 
mens: a single type female, Cat. No. 42283, U.S.N.M., from Knife 
River, Duluth, Minnesota; a paratype female, Cat. No. 42284, 
U.S.N.M., from Blind River, Lake Huron; a paratype female, Cat. 
No. 42285, U.S.N.M., from Marquette, Lake Superior; 140 females, 
Cat. No. 42278, U.S.N.M., from Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron; a single 
female, Cat. No. 6113, US.N.M., from the gills of the humpback 
whitefish, Coregonus nelsonii, taken in the Yukon River, Alaska, 
by E. W. Nelson. 

Remarks.—When this species was first described in 1911 it was 
placed with its nearest relatives in the genus Lernaeopoda. 

Now that these relatives are to constitute a separate genus this 
species must be kept with them. It has already been fully described 
and figured, but attention may be called to one or two characters 
which appear in the large lot from Lake Huron, obtained after the 
previous description had been published. 

The second maxillae are usually turned back against the ventral 
surface of the trunk, bringing the bulla close to the posterior end of 


no. 20638. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 615 


the body. Young females and adults, whose ovaries are full of eggs, 
have a plump trunk, which is not very strongly curved and whose 
surface is smooth. But adults in which the eggs have been extruded 
into the egg strings, have a strongly curved body, with deep grooves 
or wrinkles. Indeed in many of these adults the cephalothorax is 
folded forward against the ventral surface of the trunk, the two 
almost touching. In these individuals there is a large longitudinal 
groove on either side of the body above the oviducts, and several 
transverse grooves, which indicate the body segmentation. The 
“shoulders” also project strongly in most of the specimens, making 
a ridge across the back of the neck. The comparative shape of the 
dorsal surface of the head is shown in figure 48, while the first and 
second antennae and the first maxillae are also presented for compari- 
son. ‘The species may be most readily recognized by the compara- 
tively enormous size of the bulla, by the absence of claws on the 
maxillipeds, and by the turning forward of the egg strings against 
the walls of the trunk. From Gadd’s species extumescens, which it 
most resembles, it may be told by the greater diameter of the bulla, 
by the larger size and prominence of the maxillipeds, by the details 
of the second antennae and first maxillae, and especially by the 
curvature of the mandibles in extwmescens, and the wide gap in their 
dentition. 
SALMINCOLA BEANI (Wilson). 
Plate 32, figs. 52 and 53. 
Lernaeopoda beani Witson, 1908, p. 470, pl. 81. 


Host and record of specimens.—Twenty-five females from the gills 
of the Quinnat salmon, Oncorhynchus tschawytscha, McCloud River, 
California, Cat. No. 29068, U.S.N.M., types of the species. 

Two lots obtained by the United States Bureau of Fisheries at 
Battle Creek, Colorado, from the same host, Cat. Nos. 38584 and 
38585, U.S.N.M. 

One lot obtained by Dr. C. H. Gilbert from the rainbow trout, 
Salmo iridens, at Sisson, California, Cat. No. 838605, U.S.N.M. 

Remarks.—This species may be distinguished by the comparative 
length of the second maxillae, by the size and shape of the bulla, 
and by the distance between the maxillipeds and the other mouth- 
parts. The contour of the dorsal surface of the head and a side 
view of the body are here introduced for comparison. 


SALMINCOLA GIBBER (Wilson). 
Plate 33, figs. 61 and 62, 
Lernaeopoda gibber Winson, 1908, p. 469, pl. 80. 


Host and record of specimens.—Fifty females from the gill arches 
of the Dolly Varden trout, Salvelinus malma, at Attu, Alaska, June 


616 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


9, 1906, by the Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross; Cat. No. 
38583, U.S.N.M. 

Remarks.—This species is the most decidedly humpbacked in the 
genus, and may usually be recognized by this feature. The strong 
mushroom shape of the bulla and the details of the second antennae 
are also characteristic. 

SALMINCOLA CARPENTERI (Packard). 
Plate 33, figs. 54 to 60. 
Achtheres carpenteri PacKarD, 1874, p. 612, fig. 1; 1875, p. 587, fig. 237. 

Host and record of specimens.—A number of females with egg strings 
were taken from “trout” in a tributary of the East River, Colorado, 
by Lieut. W. L. Carpenter, August 29, 1873. Unfortunately none of 
these original specimens have been preserved. 

Two adult females, one with egg strings, and a young female were 
taken from a “‘salmon”’ 42 inches long at Battle Creek, Colorado, by 
Dr. Edwin Linton. They have received Cat. No. 43569, U.S.N.M., 
and will serve as surrogate types of the species. 

Specific characters of female-—Cephalothorax about as long as the 
trunk and turned at right angles to the latter; antennal region 
separated as a rounded lobe, narrowed basally and widened distally. 
Trunk a plump ovoid, one-half longer than wide, and so squarely 
truncated posteriorly that the female without egg strings may be 
easily balanced in an erect position. On the ventral surface are faint 
indications of segmentation; no abdomen, anal laminae, or posterior 
processes, but a well-defined genital process on the young female, 
with the remains of spermatophores still clinging to it. In this 
young female the trunk was slender, cylindrical, well rounded pos- 
teriorly, and three times as long as wide. First antennae short and 
unsegmented; second pair biramose, the endopod and exopod about 
the same length, the former tipped with four minute spines, the latter 
with two very much stouter conical ones. Mandibles slender and 
curved, armed with six teeth, the four terminal ones much larger 
than the two basal ones, and curved. First maxillae slender, unseg- 
mented, without a palp, and tipped with a single seta. Second 
maxillae large and stout and as long as the entire body; bulla of the 
usual mushroom shape, with a long and slender petiole. 

The second maxillae are much shorter in the young female, and 
each is enlarged at the tips and joined to the bulla by a distinct 
petiole. The bases of these arms form a well-defined ridge around 
the back of the head, even in the young female; maxillipeds with a 
stout basal joint and a short, curved terminal claw. 

Color (preserved material), a uniform pale white. 

Total length (without egg strings), 4mm. Length of trunk, 2 mm.; 
of egg strings, 3mm. Width of trunk, 1.75 mm.; of egg strings, 0.9 
mm. 

(carpenterr, to Lieut. W. L. Carpenter.) 


No. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 617 


Male.—Unknown. 

Remarks.—Gurley in his manuscript identifies the host of Pack- 
ard’s specimens as Salmo mykiss. However that may be, it is very 
possible that the two lots came from the same host, since the large 
fish in Colorado are called indifferently trout or salmon. Packard’s 
description and figure leave no doubt of the identity of his species 
with the specimens collected by Doctor Linton. 

Packard recognized that it was not a true Achtheres, for he says: 
“This species should perhaps be regarded as the type of a subgenus 
of Achtheres, which it resembles more nearly than Lernaeocera. The 
abdominal segments are very faintly indicated, and in the form 
and degree of development of the head and appendages it seems 
intermediate between Achtheres and Cauloxenus.”’ 

The additional details here presented show clearly that it belongs 
to Salmincola. 


Genus ACHTHERES Nordmann. 


Generic characters of female-—Body divided into three regions: a 
small cephalothorax with the antennal area differentiated dorsally; 
a plump thorax, more or less distinctly segmented, at least on the 
ventral surface, narrowed into a well-defined neck anteriorly, where 
often one of the segments is clearly separated; and a conical abdomen, 
usually unsegmented, but sometimes (micropterr) segmented; no 
posterior processes, anal laminae, or genital process. 

First antennae distinctly three-jomted and tipped with three 
setae; second antennae biramose, turned down across the frontal 
margin, the endopod one-jointed, the exopod two-jointed; first 
maxillae with two terminal setae and without a palp; maxillipeds 
between the bases of the second maxillae, which are separate to the 
very tip, where they are joined to an ordinary bulla; egg strings short 
and stout, eggs large. 

Generic characters of male-——Size medium (1 mm.); cephalothorax 
in line with the body axis, much smaller than the trunk and sep- 
arated from it by a distinct groove; trunk spindle-shaped, clearly 
segmented, without an abdomen or anal laminae. First antennae 
three-jointed; second antennae biramose, the exopod two-jointed 
and tipped with a claw; first maxillae with two terminal setae and 
without a palp; second maxillae much longer than the maxillipeds, 
the two projecting strongly from the cephalothorax some distance 
behind the other mouth parts. 

Type—Achtheres percarum Nordmann. 

(Achtheres, dyOnoj¢ burdensome, annoying). 

Remarks.—This genus, as here constituted, includes only species 
which are parasitic upon fresh-water fishes. Of the eight species six, 
are North American, and one of them, coregoni, is also found in Swit- 
zerland. The genus, therefore, may fairly be called an American one, 


618 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


and because the accounts of the American species are widely scat- 
tered, and in some instances difficult of access, it has been thought 
best to include here all that is known of them, together with some 
new figures which admit of easy comparison. 

Synonyms.—Achtheres carpentert Packard, 1874, p. 612, fig. 1, 
text, according to the characters here established can not belong to 
this genus at all, and is accordingly transferred to the new genus 
Salmincola (see p. 616). 

Achtheres selachiorum Kurz, 1877, p. 385, pl. 25, fig. 1; pl. 27, figs. 
38 to 40, is the only species found in salt water, and was stated by 
Claus to be the undeveloped young of Lernaeopoda gale. 

Toward the close of his description of this ‘‘new species’ Kurz 
stated that Lernaeopoda galei had been found upon the same host and 
in the same place. But, he added, ‘‘The identity of the two species 
does not appear possible. The great differences in form in L. galei, 
as van Beneden himself shows, may possibly be an indication of a 
difference in species (p. 388). That which induces me to cling to this 
new species is the elongate body form, the longer and narrower egg 
sacks, the club-shaped anal laminae, the distinct segmentation of 
the body, and the three-parted form of the attachment button in 
L. galei, not to mention other minor differences in the structure of 
the mouth parts”’ (p. 389). 

All the differences enumerated by Kurz admit of easy explanation 
provided the specimens he secured were undeveloped young of 
L. galei, and this would be further indicated by the size he has given 
for them. On the other hand, to try and make of them a new species 
of Achtheres is impossible, because they areso large for that genus that 
they must be mature adults, but they possess a pair of good-sized 
posterior processes, they have no abdomen comparable with that in 
Achtheres, while the first maxillae are tripartite and have a palp. 
We are hence forced to accept Claus’s statement that this species is a 
synonym of ZL. galei.. The ‘‘Achtheres sp.’’ mentioned by Wright 
(1892, p. 438, fig. 10, text) is probably the same as Krgyer’s A. pime- 
lodi (see p. 628). 

TABLE OF SPECIES. 
1. Cephalothorax about as wide and as long as the trunk; bulla an enormous disk (3 
mm. in diameter); maxillipeds reaching the frontal margin of head. 


corpulentus Kellicott, 1880, p. 619. 
1. Trunk once and a half to twice the length and width of the Rain ine se bulla 


and maxillipeds normal’ size... 2. 22.5. 22aica tes cess eee oe ee Pan 
2. Abdomen much narrower than, and joined abruptly to, the trunk, inclined ante- 
riorly and more or less icmicae segmented .)i2222.0. by. eee 3. 


to 


. Abdomen the same width as the posterior portion of the trunk and passing imper- 
ceptibly into it; in the same line as the trunk axis, and with no traces of seg- 
THON GAH ON Se ne a Son os Sera eh, «og Seer ee 4. 

3. Arms stout; carapace much widened anteriorly; second antennae almost touch- 

ing across the frontal margin; first antennae distinctly jointed. 

microptert Wright, 1882, p. 620. 


No. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 619 


3. Arms slender; carapace scarcely widened anteriorly; a wide gap between the tips 
of the second antennae; first antennae with no traces of segmentation. 

lacae Krgyer, 1863, p. 622 

4. Genital segment with a jointed process on either side, on the ventral surface at the 

OSLETION RIATRING spss ree See. one Soran Seine So cs neato sandrae Gadd, 1901. 

4. No jointed processes; abdomen transversely lunate or hemispherical; maxillipeds 
projecting beyond anterior margin and not concealed by second maxillae. 

coregont (Smith), 1874, p. 623. 

4, No jointed processes; abdomen conical and pointed; maxillipeds small and their 

bases completely hidden between the second maxillae........... Sion Serre 

5. Carapace ovate, much narrowed and well rounded postoriory: mouth- tube pro- 

jecting considerably Ae eee ee eee ae ambloplitis Kellicott, 1880, p. 626. 

5. Carapace trapezoidal, twice as long as wide, almost covering the Sonn antennae; 

mouth-tube not visible dorsally.............--.-- pimelodi Krgyer, 1863, p. 628. 

5. Carapace trapezoidal, about the same length and width; not covering the second 

antennae; mouth-tube not visible dorsally....percarum Nordmann, 1832, p. 629. 


ACHTHERES CORPULENTUS Kellicott. 
Plate 34, fig. 63. 
Achtheres corpulentus KE.utcort, 1880, p. 54, pl. 1, figs. 1 to 3. 


Host and record of specimens.—Kellicott’s specimens were taken 
from the gills and gill cavity of the lake herring, Leucichthys artedi, 
in Buffalo Harbor and Niagara River. The species has also been 
obtained as follows: In the gill cavity of the bloater whitefish, 
Leucichthys prognathus, from Lake Ontario, at Wilson, New York, 
by R. R. Wright. On the gills of lake herring from Lake Erie, at 
Dunkirk, New York, July 7, 1894, collected and identified by Cloud 
Rutter. On gills of lake herring from Lake Michigan, off Milwaukee, 
and on gills of ki-eye, Leucichthys hoyi, at the same locality, collected 
by C. H. Stevenson and identified by G. G. Gurley. From gills of 
bloater whitefish, Whitefish Bay, Lake Michigan, July, 1894, by R. 
Rathbun. From bloater whitefish, Lake Ontario, at Wilson, New 
York, August 26, 1894, by G. G. Gurley. From gills of whitefish, 
Coregonus clupeiformis, Lake Erie, at Dunkirk, New York, July 8, 
1894, collected by Cloud Rutter and identified by G. G. Gurley. 

Specific characters of female-—Head nearly as long and as wide as 
the body, ovate, with the anterior end very pointed and the posterior 
end broadly rounded; body in dorsal view broadly elliptical, nearly 
as wide as long, in lateral view hemispherical, with the tip drawn well 
under, as in the abdomen of certain female spiders. First antennae 
apparently two-jointed, the terminal jomt short and tipped with 
four tiny setae; second antennae stout and fleshy, reaching to the 
anterior margin of the head; mandible with seven teeth, the second 
tooth the longest, the succeeding ones diminishing regularly in size; 
second maxillae longer than the body, tapering considerably and 
much wrinkled; bulla a broad and flat disk. Egg sacks broad at the 
base, tapering toward the apex, a little longer than the body and 


620 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


turned upwards and backwards against the dorsal surface of the 
trunk; eggs in eight rows at the base and four at the apex, about 100 
eggs in each sack. 

Total length (egg strings excluded), 7 mm. Length of cephalo- 
thorax, 3.4 mm.; of trunk, 3.6 mm.; of egg strings, 4.25 mm. Width 
of cephalothorax, 3.15 mm.; of trunk, 3.25 mm.; of bulla, 3 mm. 

Color a pale grayish-white; the bulla and pedicel brown. 

Male.—Unknown. 

First copepodid larva.—Cephalothorax narrower and more elon- 
gated than in ambloplitis, bluntly rounded anteriorly and irregularly 
truncated posteriorly. Notches between the head and first thorax 
segment at about the center of each lateral margin; second thorax 
segment half the width of the cephalothorax, with a concave pos- 
terior margin; third segment half the width of the second, and 
carrying near its posterior margin on either side a single spine; fourth 
segment the narrowest; anal laminae relatively large, each tipped with 
two long and two or three small and much shorter setae; first antennae 
turned back along the margin of the cephalothorax. Total length, 
0.92 mm. Cephalothorax, 0.7 mm. long, 0.32 mm. wide. 

(corpulentus, stout, corpulent). 

Remarks.—This species was first collected and described by Kelli- 
cott in 1880 and was called by him the gill herring-sucker. 

Many specimens were obtained from different species of whitefish 
in Lake Erie, Lake Michigan, and Lake Ontario during the summer 
of 1894. These were identified by Prof. R. R. Wright, Mr. G. G. 
Gurley, and Dr. Richard Rathbun. Unfortunately none of the 
specimens appear in the collection of the United States National 
Museum, but the species is so common that a good supply of typical 
specimens of both sexes could easily be obtained. This species may 
be recognized by the corpulent appearance of both the head and the 
trunk, which are approximately the same length and width, by the 
large maxillipeds which reach beyond the frontal margin of the 
head, and by the very broad and disk-like bulla. 


ACHTHERES MICROPTERI Wright. 
Plate 34, figs. 64 to 67; plate 35, figs. 68 and 69. 
Achtheres micropteri WRIGHT, 1882, p. 249, pl. 2, figs. 1-11. 


Host and record of specimens.—Five females from the gills of the 
small-mouthed black bass, Micropterus dolomieu, at Burton’s Land- 
ing, Kankakee River, Indiana, August 19, 1909, No. 39618, U.S.N.M. 
Five females from gills of large-mouthed black bass, M. salmoides, 
at English Lake, Kankakee River, August 9, 1909, No. 39544, 
U.S.N.M. Three females from same host at Lake Maxinkuckee, 
Indiana, July 29, 1906, No. 39552, U.S.N.M. Fifteen males and 
females from the same host at Constantia, New York, April 26, 1911, 


No. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 621 


presented by Dr. Tarleton H. Bean, State Fish Commissioner of 
New York, No. 43566, U.S.N.M. The species was reported by 
Wright in the paper above cited as ‘‘found in considerable numbers, 
both male and female, in the mouth cavity and on the gill arches of 
the small-mouthed black bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lac.) Gill,” 
in the vicinity of Toronto, Canada. 

Specific characters of female-—Head considerably smaller than 
the trunk, the difference being about the same as in ambloplitis and 
much greater than in corpulentus; dorsal carapace projecting but 
little at the frontal margin, relatively wider anteriorly and narrower 
posteriorly than in ambloplitis; trunk broadly ovate, narrowed into a 
neck where it joins the cephalothorax and broadly rounded pos- 
teriorly; abdomen relatively larger than in ambloplitis, wider at the 
base where it sends out a rounded lobe on either side on the dorsal 
surface, and more distinctly segmented; egg strings the same width 
as the abdomen, shorter than the trunk, and tapering toward their 
tips; eggs rather small, in 3 or 4 longitudinal rows, about 50 in each 
string. 

First antennae attached some distance behind the mouth, dis- 
tinctly three-jointed, the basal joint considerably the longest and 
stoutest, the terminal joint armed with three good-sized setae. 

Dorsal ramus (endopod) of second antenna tipped with a row of 
toothed and sickle-shaped spines; exopod distinctly jomted and end- 
ing in a small claw. Mandible eight- or nine-toothed, the first tooth 
bluntly rounded, the third tooth rudimentary and very short; inner 
margin of the shank sharpened to a knife-edge, widest just behind 
the teeth. First maxillae very broad and swollen through their 
center, tipped with two setae, with a third one on the inner margin 
which is curved strongly backward. 

Maxillipeds with a medium basal joint, armed near the center of 
the inner margin with a raised papilla covered with small spines; 
the terminal claw is only slightly curved and carries on its inner 
margin an accessory claw, behind which is a more or less prominent 
serrated ridge. Second maxillae closely resembling those of amblo- 
plitis in length, diameter, and wrinkling; bulla saucer-shaped and not 
fully chitinized. _Spermatophores minute and spherical, sometimes 
fastened with so much cement as to deform the abdomen. 

Color a decided yellowish-white, the yellow deepening to orange 
through the center of the body as the eggs ripen in the convolutions 
of the oviducts. 

Total length (excluding egg strings), 4 to 4.5 mm. Length of 
cephalothorax, 1.33 mm.; of trunk, 2.66 mm.; of egg strings, 2.25 
mm. Width of cephalothorax, 1 mm.; of trunk, 2 mm. 

Specific characters of male.—Relatively much larger than in amblo- 
plitis, but having almost exactly the same shape and proportions. 


622 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


First antennae slender and distinctly three-jomted; endopod of 
second pair with tiny and simple spines in place of the large toothed 
ones of the female; exopod indistinctly jointed, with a minute terminal 
claw; mandibles and first maxillae like those of the female; second 
maxillae not as long as in ambloplitis, less than twice as long as the 
maxillipeds, each tipped with a chela composed of two claws of 
about the same size, the tip of the anterior one shuttmg into a 
hollow in the posterior one; maxillipeds with very stout basal joints, 
furnished with powerful adductor and flexor muscles; on the inner 
side of the basal joint is a raised papilla armed as in the female. 

Color, an almost snow white. 

Total length, 1.5 mm. Greatest diameter of trunk, 0.34 mm. 

(micropteri, the generic name of the host). 

Remarks.—This species is fairly common on both the small- and 
large-mouthed black bass. The female may be distinguished from 
ambloplitis by the large abdomen, with its basal lobes and distinct 
segmentation, and by the much smaller egg strings. This distinction 
may then be confirmed by the presence of large toothed spines on 
the second antennae in microptert, and their absence in ambloplitis 
and by the first maxillae which are three parted in micropteri, but 
only bipartite in ambloplitis. The male may be distinguished by its 
much larger size and by the chelae on the tips of the second maxillae. 


ACHTHERES LACAE Krfyer. 
Plate 35, figs. 70 to 74. 


Achtheres lacae Kr¢yvER, 1863, p. 274, pl. 17, fig. 6. 


Host and record of specumens.—Kr¢gyer found in the Vienna Museum 
two females with egg strings, which had been labelled Achtheres 
lacae by Kollar, and were said to have been taken from the mouth 
of a North American perch, called by Krgyer ‘“ Perca laca.”’ 

Kight females with egg strings were obtained from the gills of the 
striped bass, Roccus lineatus, October 8, 1886, in the Potomac River. 
They are numbered 12031, U.S.N.M. One has been chosen as a 
surrogate type of the species and has received the number 43567, 
U.S.N.M. 

Specific characters of female.—Cephalothorax ovoid, -shorter than 
the trunk but considerably longer than wide; dorsal antennal area 
narrow, concave along the lateral margins and not continuous 
posteriorly. Trunk spindle-shaped or ovoid, segmentation very 
obscure, surface smooth and evenly rounded; abdomen in line with 
the thorax, small, conical, and distinctly segmented, and wholly in 
front of, or ventral to, the egg strings. It is one-third as wide and 
one-quarter as long as the trunk and shows up prominently from 
every point of view. Egg strings ellipsoidal, shorter than the trunk 
and about the same diameter as the abdomen; eggs fairly large, 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 623 


arranged in 6 or 7 longitudinal rows, about 15 eggs in a row. First 
antennae very short, not even reaching the end of the mouth-tube, 
with no signs of segmentation and with two minute terminal spines. 
Second antennae short and plump, not turned across the frontal 
margin, but inclined inward, the exopod considerably smaller than 
the endopod, two-jointed, and tipped with a pair of curved spines; 
the endopod one-jointed and with three or four small processes rather 
than spines toward the tip. 

First maxillae short and plump, tipped with three setae of unequal 
size and without a palp; second maxillae slender, about the same 
length as the trunk, and united to a small and button-shaped bulla. 
These maxillae are fastened to the sides of the head much farther 
forward than in any other species, their anterior margins actually 
reaching the base of the second antennae. 

Maxillipeds with a stout basal joint and a short and curved term- 
inal claw; the basal joint has a small projection on its inner surface, 
and on the inner margin of the terminal claw is a comblike process, 
somewhat similar to that in prmelodi. 

Color (preserved material), a uniform yellowish-white. 

Total length (without egg strings), 4 mm. Length of cephalo- 
thorax, 1.75 mm.; of second maxillae, 3 mm.; of egg strings, 2 mm. 
Width of cephalothorax, 1 mm.; of egg strings, 0.55 mm. 

(lacae, from Kr¢yer’s specific name for the host). 

Male.—Unknown. 

Remarks.—Kré¢yer gives us very few details with reference to the 
appendages of this species, and he regarded the description which 
he gave as entirely provisional. On the other hand, he was entirely 
satisfied that the species was a valid one, and with the additional 
details here given we may regard this as established. The species 
agrees so closely with pimelodi and percarum that diagnostic separa- 
tion seems at first difficult, but the present species may be recog- 
nized by the great size of the abdomen and by the fact that the 
second maxillae are attached so far forward on the sides of the head. 
It is also significant that the abdomen, although so large, shows no 
traces of segmentation 

The species is evidently a rare one, and it would be particularly 
interesting to ascertain whether it infests this host when in the salt 


water. 
ACHTHERES COREGONI (S. I. Smith). 


Plate 36, figs. 75 to 80. 
Lernaeopoda coregoni Smit, 1874, p. 664, pl. 3, fig. 17—Kzetuicort, 1880, p. 55, pl. 
2, figs. 4 and 5. 
Host and record of specumens.—Smith’s original description was 
made from specimens found by J. W. Milner on the whitefish, Corego- 
nus clupeiformis (C. albus Smith), at Ecorse, Michigan, and at Outer 


624 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


Island in Lake Superior. Fortunately some of these specimens have 
been preserved and are now in the Museum collection. They are 
labeled by Smith himself as ‘‘Cotypes” and are numbered 39575, 
U.S.N.M. There is also a single specimen, a female without egg 
strings, taken from Coregonus clupeiformis at Sand Island, Lake 
Superior, by Milner at the same time as Smith’s original types. 

This may, therefore, be fairly regarded as another paratype of the 
species. It is numbered 38563, U.S.N.M. Kellicott reported the 
species as “found during the greater part of the year on the lake 
herring, Argyrosomus artedi, taken by fishermen along the Niagara 
River. It prefers the fins, though taken from various parts of the 
body.’ Two specimens were also taken from the kieye or chub of 
Lake Michigan, Argyrosomus hoyi, off Kenosha, Wisconsin, Novem- 
ber 6, 1894, by C. H. Stevenson. They were identified by Gurley 
and are reported in his manuscript. 

Specific characters of female.—The largest species of the genus with 
a total length, including arms and egg strings, of 17 mm. Cephalo- 
thorax in line with the trunk, broadly rounded posteriorly, strongly 
narrowed and elongate anteriorly, the lateral margins straight or 
even slightly concave. Trunk pear-shaped, narrowed to a neck 
where it joins the cephalothorax, obliquely truncated posteriorly, 
leaving a small conical projection at the center, which represents the 
abdomen. ‘Trunk indistinctly segmented, showing transverse grooves 
and lateral indentations. Egg strings cylindrical, relatively long 
and narrow, straight or slightly curved toward each other at the 
center. Kellicott says, ‘In some cases I have found them to termi- 
nate in an apparent straight, sharp spine, a fifth or more as long as 
they.” Eggs small, arranged in 4 or 5 longitudinal rows, from 100 
to 125 eggs in each sack. First antennae stout, three-jointed, 
reaching well beyond the tip of the mouth tube, and terminated by 
three small setae. Second antennae with a stout basal portion and 
a small endopod (dorsal), which is swollen and armed with stout 
spines and short bristly hairs. The exopod (ventral) is indistinctly 
segmented and terminated by three larger curved spines, turned out- 
ward, and many smaller ones between them. Mandibles with four 
stout distal teeth, a smaller terminal one, and two or three small 
proximal ones; first maxillae small and two pointed; second maxillae 
jong and slender, tapering regularly from the base to the tip; bulla 
ovoid and supported on so short a pedicel as to appear sessile; max- 
illipeds stout, reaching nearly to the tip of the mouth tube, terminal 
joint cylindrical and fleshy, the same diameter throughout and ter- 
minated by a tiny spine, the other two joints moderately swollen. 

Total length (excluding egg strings), 8 mm. Length of cephalo- 
thorax, 2.5 mm.; of trunk, 5.5 mm.: of egg strings, 6 mm. Greatest 
width of trunk, 2.5 mm. 


No. 2068. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 625 


Color (preserved material), a uniform grayish-white. 

Specific characters of male—aA single male was found by Kellicott 
“attached to the extremity of the female’s abdomen, and so firmly 
that he could not be removed without mutilation.” Consequently, 
no description was given of its general appearance or appendages, 
and as no other specimen has ever been obtained, it may be said that 
the male is unknown at the present time 

(coregont, the generic name of its chief host.) 

Remarks.—-This is undoubtedly a valid species, but there has been 
in the past some trouble in deciding whether the forms described by 
Smith and Kellicott were identical, and recently whether the Ach- 
theres coregoni! of Baumann was really a new species or the same 
as that of Smith and Kellicott. Smith figures and describes the 
mandibles and maxillipeds, while Kellicott considered only the re- 
maining appendages. Fortunately Smith’s cotypes are available 
and we find that they correspond as fully with the figures and de- 
scription given by Kellicott as they do with those published by 
Smith himself, and there can be no further doubt of the identity of 
these two forms. We find also that Baumann’s species corresponds 
in all essential particulars and differs only in minor details. In fact 
there is no greater difference than would naturally be expected in 
specimens from such widely separated localities. However, the 
present author sent one of Smith’s specimens to Doctor Baumann 
for comparison, and he says of it: 

Die fragliche Achtheres-Art hat nun allerdings den gleichen Aufenthaltsort und eine 
entfernte Aehnlichkeit mit der von mir beschriebenen, Zeigt aber im Bau der Mund- 
gliedmassen Abweichungen auf die einzutreten mich zu weit fuhren wurde, die es 
mir aber un moglich machen, die beiden Arten zu vereinigen (p. 178). 

If the two species are the same the identity of the names does no 
harm, but if they are distinct Smith’s name will take precedence and 
Baumann must give his species a new name. 

The species may be readily recognized by the contour of the dorsal 
surface of the head, by the enormous maxillipeds, each of which is 
nearly as large as the head, and by the narrow waist behind the base 
of the second maxillae. The ridges on either side of the external 
openings of the oviducts are also peculiar, as may be seen in figure 80, 
and they show up prominently in preserved specimens. 

Relative to the transference of this species to the present genus, 
we may quote Smith’s remark at the close of his description: ‘‘This 
species is probably not a true Lernaeopoda, and is perhaps the repre- 
sentative of an undescribed genus” (p. 665). 


1 Revue Suisse de Zoologie, vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 160-171, pl. 5, figs. 8-12. 
34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——40 


626 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


ACHTHERES AMBLOPILITIS Kellicott. 
Plate 25, fig. A; plate 36, figs. 81 to 85; plate 37, figs. 86 to 91. 
Achtheres ambloplitis Keiiicotr, 1880, p. 56, pl. 3, figs. 6 and 7. 


Host and record of specimens.—Three lots of this parasite were 
obtained from the gills of the red-eye, Ambloplites rupestris, at Lake 
Maxinkuckee, Indiana, and are numbered respectively 39614, 39615, 
and 43570, U.S.N.M. The first lot includes 5 females with egg strings, 
the second lot 15 females, and the third lot 100 specimens of both 
sexes. Since Kellicott’s types have been lost, this last lot will serve 
as surrogate types of the species. Fifteen females were taken from the 
gills of ‘‘Redfish” at Big Payette Lake, Lardo, Idaho, and are num- 
bered 39624, U.S.N.M. Gurley records the species as occurring on 
fully 50 of the red-eyes taken in the Shiawassee River, Michigan, a 
tributary of Lake Huron. 

Specific characters of female—Cephalothorax much smaller than 
the trunk, the separating groove being narrow and deep; ovate in 
outline, with a fairly well defined carapace. This carapace is wide 
and roundly truncated anteriorly, while the cephalothorax itself is 
just the reverse. It follows that where the two intersect on the lateral 
margins there 1s a shallow notch. 

Trunk broadly ovate or somewhat spindle-shaped, narrowed to a 
short but distinct neck where it joins the cephalothorax, and tapering 
posteriorly to a bluntly rounded point, the abdomen. 

Kgg strings arising from the dorsal or dorso-lateral surface and 
strongly divergent, largest at the base and tapering toward the tips; 
eggs large, in 3 or 4 longitudinal rows, 8 or 10 eggs in each row. 
The genital segment between and behind the egg strings is strongly 
narrowed and to its posterior margin is attached the short and 
conical abdomen. ‘Two spherical spermatophores, wine red in color, 
are often found attached to this abdomen, occupying the position 
usually filled by the anal laminae. 

First antennae indistinctly three-joimted, long and slender, and 
tipped with three small setae; second antennae biramose, endopod 
bluntly rounded, one-jointed, and armed with tiny spines; the 
exopod two-jointed, narrower than the endopod, tapering quite 
rapidly, and armed at the tip with a single stout spine curved like 
a claw. 

Mandible broad and stout, with six large primary teeth and a 
single secondary one; first maxillae consisting of a single joint, short, 
narrow, and bipartite at the tip; second maxillae large and stout, 
and in the mature adult profusely wrinkled; bulla funnel-shaped; 
maxillipeds with a rather stout basal joint, and a short but stout 
terminal claw, reenforced on the inner margin near the tip with a 
single spine. 


No. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 627 


The cement glands are relatively very wide, filling the whole of 
the dorso-lateral portions of the trunk (fig. 9). These and the 
remaining portions of the internal anatomy of this species have already 
been described under morphology (see p. 582, and following). 

Color, a uniform yellowish-white, without pigment except in the 
egg strings, which become orange with maturity. 

Total length (excluding egg strings), 4 mm. Length of cephalo- 
thorax, 1.5 mm.; of trunk, 2.5 mm.; of egg strings, 2 mm.; of second 
maxillae,2mm. Width of cephalothorax, 1 mm.; of trunk, 1.85 mm. 

Specific characters of male.—Cephalothorax considerably smaller 
than the trunk, from which it is separated by a short waist; trunk 
spindle-shaped and distinctly segmented, first or basal segment the 
longest, the others diminishing regularly, except that the fifth seg- 
ment is longer than the fourth; no anal laminae; first antennae three- 
jointed and tipped with two long setae; second pair biramose, the 
endopod curved and one-jointed, the exopod two-jointed and tipped 
with a claw; first maxillae relatively small, with two medium-sized 
setae at the tip; second maxillae slender and three times the length of 
the maxillipeds, the basal jomt much elongated and fairly stout, the 
second joint short, and the terminal claw also short and slender; 
maxillipeds short and stout, the basal joint swollen and armed on its 
inner margin with a large process covered with spines, against which 
the short and stocky terminal claw shuts. 

Color, a pale yellowish-white. 

Total length, 1 mm. Greatest diameter, 0.3 mm. 

The larvae and developmental stages of this species have been fully 
described in the ninth paper of the present series. 

(ambloplitis, the generic name of the host.) 

Remarks.—This species is as typically American as A. percarum is 
European, and is fully as widely distributed. Owing to the habits of 
its principal host, the red-eye, the specimens found on those fish are 
likely to be themselves parasitized, either by some of the Vorticellidae 
or by algae. Sometimes the body of the copepod is so completely 
covered that it looks as if it were clothed in fur. At other times it 
has, seemingly, long tufts of hair on its head or rump, or even on the 
second maxillae. 

The species may be recognized by its small size, relatively short 
and spindle-shaped body, short and plump egg strings, the prominence 
of the second antennae, and the pattern of the dorsal surface of the 
head. As Kellicott observes, it lives chiefly on the inner surface of 
the gill arches, which in the red-eye are covered with teeth. The 
copepods, especially the younger and undeveloped stages, are so small 
and so mingled with the gill teeth as to be easily overlooked. But 
careful examination of the gill arches of almost any red-eye will reveal 
some of the parasites, and often many are found together on the same 


fish. 


628 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


ACHTHERES PIMELODI Krfyer. 
Plate 38, figs. 92 to 95. 
Achtheres pimelodi KrGxER, 1863, p. 272, pl. 17, fig. 5a and 5b. 


Host and record of specimens.—A few young females with egg 
strings were obtained by Krgyer from the mouth of the channel 
catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (called by Kr¢yer Pimelodus maculatus), 
taken at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1854. Two adult females were obtained 
by the author from the gill arches of the catfish, Amewurus nebulosis, 
at Put-in-Bay, Ohio, July 7, 1908. They have received the number 
39560, U.S.N.M. A single male was obtained from the inside of the 
operculum of the Fulton cat, /ctalurus anguilla, at Fairport, Lowa, 
in July 1914; this has been numbered 47726, U.S.N.M. 

Specific characters of female.—General form plump and swollen; 
cephalothorax almost spherical, a little longer than wide and trun- 
cated anteriorly, its lateral margins slightly concave, not in line with 
the trunk but inclined at an obtuse angle. Trunk pyriform or spindle- 
shaped in the young females, and flattened dorso-ventrally, with two 
longitudinal furrows on the dorsal surface; distinctly segmented, the 
fifth segment much shorter than the others. Abdomen small, 
conical, inclined ventrally and made up of two segments, the term- 
inal one much smaller than the basal. 

In the mature adult the segmentation largely disappears, together 
with the longitudinal furrows, and the abdomen is more or less 
absorbed into the genital segment. No visible anal laminae, but 
Kréyer mentions a pair of very small, blunt, two-segmented (7?) 
lobes at the posterior corners of the abdomen, which are apparent 
only under pressure. Egg strings as long as the entire animal and 
linear; eggs large, arranged in two or three rows, from 16 to 20 eggs 
in a row. 

First antennae directed obliquely outward and forward, slender, 
pointed, and indistinctly segmented; second antennae large and 
plump and turned down across the frontal margin; basal portion 
made up of two equal segments; exopod (ventral) two-jointed and 
armed at the tip with a small spine; first maxillae very small and 
plump, each tipped with two setae; second maxillae slender, cylin- 
drical, and nearly uniform in size for their entire length; bulla small, 
cup-shaped, and practically sessile; maxillipeds with a medium basal 
joint having a knob or swelling on the inner margin; terminal claw 
much shorter than the basal joint, with a sort of comb made up of 
three accessory spines on its inner margin. 

Color, a uniform grayish-white. 

Total length (excluding egg strings), 2.8 mm. Length of cephalo- 
thorax, 1 mm.; of trunk, 1.8 mm.; of egg strings, 3 mm. in the young, 


2 mm. in adults. Width of cephalothorax, 0.90 mm.; of trunk, 
1.4 mm. 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 629 


Specific characters of male-—Cephalothorax relatively wider than in 
ambloplitis, and not separated as distinctly from the trunk, the two 
in the same straight line; trunk spindle-shaped and indistinctly 
segmented, with a pair of small, claw-shaped anal laminae, curved 
dorsally; first antenna four-jointed, the second joint nearly as long 
as the other three, tipped with three short setae; second antenna 
biramose, the basal portion two-jointed, the joints at an angle with 
each other, the endopod (dorsal) one-jointed, short, thickset, and 
terminated by a single spine, the exopod (ventral) two-jointed, the 
terminal joint inclined dorsally and armed with a large curved claw 
at the upper distal corner, and three small spines along the distal 
margin; first maxillae slender and tipped with two stout setae jointed 
near their bases, palp a mere knob on the inner margin tipped with a 
minute papilla; second maxillae much longer than the maxillipeds, 
rather slender but with strong muscles and ending in stout claws; 
maxillipeds with a swollen basal joint carrying on its inner margin 
a corrugated process against which the short terminal claw shuts. 

Total length 2.15 mm. Greatest diameter 0.52 mm. 

Color, a uniform grayish-white. 

(pimelodi, Kréyer’s generic name for the host.) 

Remarks.—It is evident from Kr¢éyer’s description that his speci- 
mens were young females and not fully grown adults. This may be 
seen in the distinct segmentation, the remnants of the anal laminae 
and swimming feet, which he mentions as being found on the abdomen 
and the first thorax segment, respectively. The adults here pre- 
sented agree so completely in all their general details as to leave no 
doubt of their identity. The points in which they differ are just 
those that would be looked for in the two stages of development— 
a disappearance of the swimming feet, body segmentation, and anal 
laminae, and a fusion of the abdomen with the trunk. Hence the 
presence of these differences confirms rather than disparages the 
identity of the two. 

Probably also the ‘‘Achtheres sp.” mentioned by Wright in the 
Report of the Ontario Game and Fish Commission for 1892 (p. 438, 
fig. 10, text), is the same as the present species. 

It is evidently not a very common species since the examination 
of hundreds of catfish by the present author yielded only the three 
specimens mentioned above. 


ACHTHERES PERCARUM Nordmann. 
Plate 39, figs. 96 and 97. 


Achtheres percarum NoRpMANN, 1832, p. 63, pl. 4, figs. 1-11; pl. 5, figs. 1-12.—Crans, 
1862, p. 287, pls. 23 and 24. 


Host and record of specimens.—The United States National Museum 
collection contains two lots of this species, the first containing nine 


630 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


Dg a ee 
females without egg strings, taken from the mouth of Lucoperca in 
the Danube River at Hesse, Germany. This lot is numbered 39576, 
U.S.N.M. 

A second lot of two females with egg strings was taken from the 
gills of Perca fluviatilis at Yamtland, Sweden, and was obtained by 
exchange with the University of Stockholm. It has been numbered 
43580, U.S.N.M. 

Specific characters of female.—Cephalothorax nearly as large as the 
body and ovate, inclined at right angles to the trunk axis, the trunk 
as wide as long and distinctly segmented, obovate in outline and 
flattened dorso-ventrally; abdomen small, triangular and without 
joints; each egg string often as large as the body and ellipsoidal, 
containing about 75 eggs. First antennae slender, exceptionally 
long, and distinctly three-jointed; second pair with a simple exopod, 
armed with short spines and considerably curved toward the endopod; 
the latter also simple and tipped with a single spine; first maxillae 
three-partite, the three rami all on a level; second maxillae stout 
and tapered considerably anteriorly; bulla as wide as both arms at 
their tips and cup-shaped; claw on the maxillipeds smooth and 
rather slender. 

Color, a grayish-white. 

Total length (without egg strings), 4.5 mm. Length of cephalo- 
thorax, 2.2 mm.; of trunk, 2.3 mm.; of egg strings, 2.6mm. Width 
of cephalothorax, 2mm.; of trunk, 2.3 mm.; of egg strings, 1.66 mm. 

(percarum, the generic name of the host.) , 

Specifie characters of male.—Cephalothorax fully as long as the 
trunk, widest posteriorly, with concave lateral margins; body indis- 
tinctly segmented, a flattened sphere in shape, ending in a blunt 
tip posteriorly, where it is armed with two short anal laminae. First 
antennae very slender and three-jointed as in the female; neither 
ramus of the second pair armed as well as in the female; first max- 
illae three-partite; second maxillae long, with a wrinkled basal joint 
and a small chela on the tip of the terminal joint; claw of maxillipeds 
short and stout, shutting down against a small papilla on the inner 
margin of the basal joint. 

Color, a creamy white. 

Total length, 1.5 mm. Greatest width, 0.66 mm. 

Remarks.—Both sexes of this species have been admirably described 
and figured by both Nordmann and Claus, the latter also giving the 
internal anatomy and several stages in the development. Hence 
there have been here included only the distinguishing characters and 
two outline figures for comparison. These plainly show that it is 
different from all the American species, and thus far it has never 
been found upon any American host, although it is widely distrib- 
uted throughout Europe. Like the American species, ambloplitis, 


No. 2068. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 631 


it is much infested with parasitic Vorticellidae and algae, and speci- 
mens are often found completely covered with these plants and 


animals. 
Genus LERNAEOPODA Blainville. 


Generic characters of female.—Cephalothorax more or less inclined 
to the trunk axis, short, thickset, and covered with a distinct dorsal 
carapace; first one or two thorax segments well differentiated, the 
others thoroughly fused with one another and with the abdomen; 
no anal laminae; genital process minute; a posterior process on 
either side of the genital process and ventral to the egg strings. 
First antennae four-jointed; exopod of second antenna much smaller 
than the endopod and two-jointed; mandibles slender, teeth bluntly 
rounded or even truncated; first maxillae tipped with three setae, 
sometimes jointed; palp present, with three terminal setae; tips of 
the second maxillae enlarged into disks or furnished with a bulla; 
egg strings long and slender. 

Generic characters of male.—Size unusually large (2 to 3.5 mm.); 
cephalothorax more or less inclined to the trunk axis, separated 
from the trunk by a well-defined groove and covered with a dorsal 
carapace; trunk of young males conical and segmented, later be- 
coming inflated and losing its segmentation; anal laminae often 
exceptionally large and turned forward dorsally. First antennae 
four-jointed; second antennae chelate; second maxillae with a large 
spinous process on the basal joint, forming a chela with the ter- 
minal claw; maxillipeds much larger and stouter than the maxillae. 

Type.—Lernacopoda brongniartit Blainville. 

(Lernaeopoda, Acovacoc, Lernaean and zodc, foot). 

Remarks.—This genus was founded by Blainville in 1822, with the 
type-species L. brongniartii, specimens of which he observed “in the 
collection of Brongniart, who did not know where or on what kind 
of a fish they had been obtained” (p. 442). He also included with 
the type the species salmonea of Gissler, of which, however, he said 
that he had never seen a specimen, and that possibly it did not 
belong to this genus. An examination of the two species quickly 
convinces one that they belong to different genera, as here indi- 
cated. Although Blainville’s type has never been seen by any other 
observer, it was described and figured well enough to show its rela- 
tionship to Grant’s species, elongata, and Krgyer’s species, galet. 
These two species are very well known, and have been repeatedly 
described and figured; taken together, therefore, they will serve as 
a sort of common coenotype of the genus, and will illustrate for us 
its chief characters. 

With these three species we may retain in the original genus 
Thomson’s musteli, Kane’s bidiscalis, and Richiardi’s scylli, making 


632 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol 47. 


six in all. The five of these whose hosts are known are all parasites 
on the genital apparatus, or the eyes of sharks. 

The other species which have from time to time been referred to 
this genus must be transferred to the new genera, Lernaeopodina 
and Salmincola, or they prove to be synonyms. If the number left 
in the original genus seems small while those transferred to other 
genera is unduly large, we must remember that hitherto practically 
no attention has been paid to the structure of the male. Further- 
more, this genus with Clavella (Anchorella), has for years served as 
a dumping ground for such species as could not with certainty be 
located anywhere else. And, finally, if we could select salmonea as 
the type of Blainville’s genus we could still retain the majority of 
the species in the original genus. But Blainville never even saw a 
specimen of salmonea, so that we are obliged to abide by the decision, 
even though it does cause so many changes. 

Accordingly we transfer to the new genus Salmincola the follow- 
ing species, because they have no dorsal carapace, no free thorax 
segment, no posterior processes, no palp on the first maxilae, while 
the rami of the second antennae are unsegmented. L. alpina Ols- 
son, 1877, p. 82, pl. 5, figs. 10 to 13; arcturt Miers, 1877, p. 106, pl. 
4, fig. 2; beant Wilson, 1908, p. 470, pl. 81; bicauliculata Wilson, 
1908, p. 472, pl. 82; californiensis Dana, 1852, p. 1379, pl. 96, fig. 1, 
a and b; carpionis Kryer, 1837, p. 268, pl. 2, fig. 6; edwardsii Olsson, 
1869, p. 36; extumescens Gadd, 1901, p. 100; falculata Wilson, 1908, 
p. 473, pl. 83; gibber Wilson, 1908, p. 469, pl. 80; inermis Wilson, 
1911, p. 632, pl. 68, figs. 33 to 36; lotae Olsson, 1877, p. 84, pl. 6, 
figs. 14 to 19; maraenae Olsson, 1877, p. 80, pl. 5, figs. 6 to 8; salmonea 
(Gissler), 1751, p. 185, pl. 6, figs. 1 to 5; siscowet Smith, 1874, p. 664, 
pl. 3, figs. 15 and 16; thymalli Kessler, 1868, p. 97, pl. 4, fig. 3, a 
and 06. 

L. bicaudata Kr¢yer, 1837, p. 275, pl. 3, fig. 11, is transferred to 
the genus Charopinus (see p. 656). 

L. clavigera Olsson, 1872, p. 63, pl. 5, figs. 1 to 6, is the same species 
that had been described four years before by Kessler under the name 
L. thymalla (see p. 613). 

L. cluthae T. Scott, 1900, p. 173, pl. 8, figs. 27 to 37, is shown by the 
form and segmentation of the male to belong to the genus Charopinus 
(see p. 654). 

L. coregoni Smith, 1874, p. 664, pl. 3, fig.17, belongs to the genus 
Achtheres, as has already been shown on p. 628. 

L. coregonorum and L. eatensa were established by Kessler in a paper 
entitled Materials toward a Knowledge of the Onega Sea and the 
District about it, particularly in its Zoological Aspects. They are 
both described on p. 97 and figured on plate 4, figs. 1 and 2. After 
a careful examination of these figures and a condensed description 


no. 2068. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 633 


of the same species given by Gadd in 1904 it is certain that neither 
of the species belongs to the genus Lernaeopoda as here constituted. 
They have no dorsal carapace, no differentiated thorax segments, no 
posterior processes, and no palp on the first maxillae. They do 
agree, however, in all known particulars with the new genus Sal- 
mincola, and accordingly are transferred to that genus. 

L. cyprinacea Hermann, 1783, pl. 2, fig. 7, is a synonym of Gissler’s 
L. salmonea. 

L. dalmanni (Retzius), 1829, p. 109, pl. 6, belongs to the genus 
.Charopinus (see p. 655). : 

L. fontinalis Smith, 1874, p. 663, pl. 3, figs. 12 to 14, is a synonym 
of Olsson’s L. edwardsii. 

L. (*) lampri T. and A. Scott, 1913, p. 202, pl. 33, fig. 6; pl. 49, 
figs. 12 to 16, if compared with the male shown in fig. G will be found 
to agree so closely as to leave no doubt that the species belongs to 
the genus Thysanote rather than to Lernaeopoda (see p. 650). 

L. longibrachia Brian, 1912, p. 39, pl. 2, fig. 5; pl. 12, figs. 1 to 
12, and L. longimana Olsson, 1869, p. 38, pl. 2, figs. 18 to 22, have 
no dorsal carapace and no free thorax segment, both rami of the 
second antennae are unsegmented, and the posterior processes are 
dorsal instead of ventral. For these reasons they are transferred to 
the new genus Lernaeopodina (see p. 640). 

L. musteli Thomson, 1889, p. 373, pl. 28, figs. 9 and 9a, is founded 
on a single female, has never been seen by any other investigator, and 
no data are given with reference to the appendages, so that it can 
not be located anywhere with certainty, but is possibly a synonym 
of L. galei. 

L. obesa Kr¢yer, 1837, p. 270, pl. 3, fig. 13, a to c, was shown by 
Olsson to belong to the genus Brachiella (see p. 701). 

L. scyllii Richiardi, 1880, p. 151, was a mere name without descrip- 
tion or figures, but Brian identified it in 1899 and gave a text figure 
of the female. If his identification is right, thé species is a synonym 
of L. galei. 

L. sebastis Krgyer, 1863, p. 279, pl. 17, fig. 7, a to hk, is founded 
upon two mutilated specimens obtained from a Greenland fish and 
has never been seen by any other investigator. It presents several 
details which are radically different from the genus as here estab- 
lished, notably in the structure of the second antennae and first 
maxillae, as well as in the absence of posterior processes and a dorsal 
carapace. The two appendages which look like posterior processes 
in Krgyer’s figure are stated in his description to be spermatophores. 
There are enough of these differences to exclude the species from the 
genus Lernaeopoda, but not enough to enable us to locate it anywhere 
else with even a probability. Hence the best that can be done is to 
leave it until further details can be obtained. 


634 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


i os a 

L. similis T. and A. Scott, 1913, p. 202, pl. 61, figs. 5 and 6, has no 
dorsal carapace, no free thorax segment, and the posterior processes 
are dorsal. These facts with other details warrant its transfer to the 
new genus Lernaeopodina. 

L. spinacis Brian, 1912, p. 36, pl. 5, fig. 8; pl. 11, figs. 3 to 6, shows 
in the male a structure entirdly distinct from Lernaeopoda and is 
accordingly transferred to the new genus Lernaeopodina. 

L. stellata Blainville, 1823, p. 112, was figured by Milne Edwards, 
1840, pl. 40, fig. 12, but has never been well enough described to be 
located anywhere definitely. 


TABLE OF SPECIES. 


1, Ends of second maxillae enlarged into flattened disks; no bulla; posterior processes 


HOUIACCOUB crac wee = oe Sei ie safe Byte Sestare ae srr aT eS ee el 2. 
1. Ends of second maxillae united to a laters bulla; posterior processes 
usually cylindrical, sometimes foliaceous ...........----------------+----- 3. 


2. Second maxillae filiform; terminal disks mere flattened claws; maxillipeds with 
stout chelae; posterior processes turned forward ventrally. 
brongniartti Blainville, 1822, p. 634. 
2. Second maxillae stout, terminal disks three times the diameter of the maxillae; 
maxillipeds with a simple, slender claw.......---- bidiscalis Kane, 1892, p. 635. 
3. Size small (5 mm.); neck short and indistinct; posterior processes filiform; second 
maxillae longer than the trunk; can not be located with certainty. 
musteli Thomson, 1889, p. 635. 
3. Size medium (12 mm.); neck distinctly segmented; posterior processes stout, 
sometimes foliaceous; second maxillae two-thirds the length of the trunk. 
galei Kréyer, 1837, p. 635. 
3. Size large (20 mm.); neck distinctly segmented; posterior processes mere knobs; 
second maxillae two or three times the length of the trunk. 
elongata (Grant), 1827, p. 637. 


LERNAEOPODA BRONGNIARTI Blainville. 
Lernaeopoda brongniartii BLAINVILLE, 1822, p. 442, figs. 15 and 15a. 


Generic characters of female.—Since this was Blainville’s type 
species, and since it has been seen by no other observer, it seems best 
to translate Blainville’s original description, explaining in paren- 
theses the appendages and parts designated: 


Body slender, quite elongate, divided into an oval abdomen (trunk) and a cepha- 
lothorax, flattened and covered with a hard carapace; a pair of palps (first maxillae), 
short, stout, conical, and subarticulate, accompany the mouth; two pairs of legs (second 
maxillae and maxillipeds), articulated and furnished with claws, on the thorax; egg 
sacks short and subcylindrical. The anterior pair of legs (maxillipeds) short and 
formed of two joints and one claw; the posterior pair (second maxillae) much the longer, 
slender, cylindrical, with a ne flattened, triangular claw. ‘ 

The abdomen (trunk) is oval and a little flattened. The two sacks Ain which it 
terminates behind are covered with a horny skin, somewhat transparent, which per- 
mits one to see that their interior is filled with a hepatic substance, fully resembling 
thatin theabdomen. The long legs (second maxillae) were made up in the same way. 


To this may be added that the cephalothorax is inclined to the 
truok while the posterior processes, or sacks, as Blainville calls them, 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 635 


are turned forward, or ventrally, at right angles to the trunk axis. 
Furthermore, Blainville’s second figure shows that the exopod of the 
second antennae is segmented, and that the claws on the maxillipeds 
are chelate. 

Total length, 13 or 14 mm. Length of cephalothorax, 4 mm.; of 
trunk, 10 mm.; of posterior appendages, 4.5 mm. Width of trunk, 
5 mm. 

(brongniartw, to Prof. Alexandre Brongniart, of the Faculty of 
Science at Paris). 

LERNAEOPODA BIDISCALIS Kane. 


Lernaeopoda bidiscalis Kane, 1892, p. 203, pls. 9 and 10. 


Remarks.—This species was obtained by Kane from the claspers 
of male topes, Galeus vulgaris, caught off the coast of Ireland in 1890, 
and both sexes were admirably described and figured. The female 
agrees in all essential generic particulars with the one described by 
Blainville, and the male is taken as the type male of the genus 
(see pl. 25, fig. B). Attention is called to the fact that in both of 
these species there is no bulla, and that the posterior processes are 
foliaceous. In the undeveloped young of both sexes the trunk shows 
distinct segmentation. 


LERNAEOPODA MUSTELI Thomson. 
Lernaeopoda musteli Tomson, 1889, p. 373, pl. 28, figs. 9 and 9a. 
Achtheres galei Brian, 1906, p. 101. 

Remarks.—This species was described by Thomson from a single 
specimen taken from the cloaca of the smooth hound, Mustelus 
antarcticus, near New Zealand. Neither the description nor the 
figures give us sufficient data for a definite location of the species. 
We have no details of any of the appendages or mouth parts, and 
the single figure (9a) of the under surface of the cephalothorax is so 
small that it gives only the relative position of the various organs. 
Brian in the reference given above makes this species, Richiardi’s 
Lernaeopoda scyllii, and Kurz’s Achtheres selachiorum, all synonyms 
of Krdyer’s Lernaeopoda galei, but he changes the genus of Krgyer’s 
species and calls it Achtheres galer. The male of L. galei shows con- 
clusively that it can not be included in the genus Achtheres, and the 
absence of an abdomen and the presence of posterior processes in the 
females of the other species debar them from the same genus. The 
only thing that we can do with this species described by Thomson 
is to leave it where he placed it until we can get further details. 

LERNAEOPODA GALEI Krgyer. 
Lernaeopoda galei Kr¢yer, 1837, p. 272, pl. 3, fig. 5, a to f—Barrp, 1850, p. 334, pl. 
30, fig. 7—T. Scorr, 1900, p. 172, pl. 8, figs. 16 to 25. 

Host and record of specumens.—In the collection of the United States 
National Museum there is a single female of this species, with attached 
males. They were taken from a smooth hound at Cornwall, England, 
and were obtained by exchange from Rev. A. M. Norman; they are 
numbered 8346, U.S.N.M. 


636 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


Specific characters of female.—Cephalothorax comparatively very 
small, oval in outline, strongly flattened dorso-ventrally, and covered 
with a distinct dorsal carapace. Trunk slender, obclavate, narrowed 
where it joins the cephalothorax and with the first one or two thorax 
segments well differentiated; broadest and thickest at the posterior 
end, which is well rounded and terminates in two cylindrical processes, 
on a level with the ventral surface and somewhat divergent; between 
these processes on the median line is a small genital process; egg 
strings narrow and as long as the body; eggs large and somewhat 
flattened anteroposteriorly, arranged in 4 to 6 longitudinal rows, 
about 150 eggs in each string. Basal joint of first antenna much 
enlarged, the other three joints diminishing regularly in size. Exopod 
of second antennae only one-fourth the diameter of the endopod, 
distinctly two-jointed, and ending in several short spines. First 
maxillae tripartite, one ramus terminal, the other two on the inner 
margin, palp well developed and tipped with two short and curved 
spines. Second maxillae as long as the trunk, slender, cylindrical, 
and slightly swollen at the tip, where they are furnished with a small 
bulla. Maxillipeds situated between the bases of the second maxillae, 
with a stout basal joint armed on the inner margin with two rounded 
knobs covered with spines, terminal claw rather slender, with a bunch 
of accessory spines near its tip. 

Color, a uniform grayish-white, but varying greatly in specimens 
from different hosts and also in different specimens from the same host. 
Van Beneden (1851, p. 120) obtained this species from four different 
genera of Plagiostoma, Mustelus, Trygon, Galeus, and Scylium. He 
notes that some of the parasites had yellow bands on the heads, 
antennae, second maxillae and maxillipeds, in others these organs 
were all of a bright red color, while in still others this same red 
color was confined to the anterior part of the thorax. Similar colors 
are found in certain of the Lernaeidae whose attachment organs are 
buried in the tissues of the host, and both there and in the present 
species the color is remarkably permanent, withstanding strong 
alcohol for many years. 

Total length, 10 to 15 mm. Length of cephalothorax, 1.5 mm.; 
of trunk, 9 mm.; of posterior processes, 2 mm.; of egg strings, 10 
mm. 

Specific characters of male.—Cephalothorax in line with the trunk 
axis, half the entire length, considerably larger than the rest of the 
body, and covered with a distinct dorsal carapace. Trunk cylindrical, 
slightly increased in diameter at the center and indistinctly segmented ; 
toward the posterior end on the ventral surface may be seen the two 
genital openings for the extrusion of the spermatophores; behind these 
but thoroughly fused with the trunk is a small unsegmented abdomen, 
which carries a pair of anal laminae attached to its posterior margin 


No. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 637 


on a level with the dorsal surface. These are narrowed into a slender 
neck where they join the abdomen, then swell suddenly into a plump, 
somewhat flattened cylinder which is short and pointed at the tip and 
is turned forward along the dorsal surface of the body. 

The appendages are similar to those of the female, except that both 
the second maxillae and maxillipeds are chelate, the terminal claw 
shutting against a curved spine or process on the inner margin of the 
second joint. 

Color, a uniform yellowish-white. 

Total length, 2.15 mm. Greatest diameter, 0.65 mm. 

(galei, from the generic name of the most common host.) 

Remarks.—This male is one of the largest in the entire family and it 
seems to prefer to attach itself to the body of the female at the ante- 
rior end and just behind the cephalothorax instead of at the posterior 
end. Scott reports this species as found in company with bidiscalis 
upon the male tope, Galeus canis. ‘The present species adhered to the 
skin beneath and between the ventral fins, while bidiscalis was found 
adhering to the ends of the claspers. 


LERNAEOPODA ELONGATA (Grant). 


Plate 39, fig. 98. 


Lernaea elongata GRANT, 1827, p. 147, pl. 2, fig. 5. 
Lernaeopoda elongata Kr¢yeEr, 1837, p. 259, pl. 2, fig. 12.—Batrp, 1850, p. 333, 
pl. 35, fig. 5.—T. Scorr, 1900, p. 171, pl. 8, figs. 11 to 15. 


Host and record of specumens.—Three fine females, two of which have 
attached males, are numbered 12037, U.S.N.M., but there is no record 
of the host or locality. Another female was obtained in Greenland 
by N. P. Scudder and is numbered 39574, U.S.N.M. No host is given 
for this specimen, but as it was obtained from the fishermen off the 
coast it was probably taken from a shark. All four of these females 
have unbroken egg strings. 

Specific characters of female.—Cephalothorax small, ovoid, flattened 
dorso-ventrally, and inclined at right angles to the trunk axis. First 
two segments of the trunk distinctly differentiated, the others merely 
indicated by surface grooves; trunk cylindrical, more or less strongly 
flattened dorso-ventrally, two or three times as long as wide, with a 
row of pits or depressions along either side of the dorsal midline; the 
posterior end with prominent well-rounded corners, and in the center 
between the bases of the egg strings and on a level with the ventral 
surface two short knoblike posterior processes. Egg strings consid- 
erably longer than the body, slender, and cylindrical, eggs minute, 
arranged in 20 to 30 longitudinal rows, about 100 eggs in a row. 

First antennae four-jointed, rather slender; second pair with a tiny 
exopod inserted on the side of the endopod, the former tipped with 


638 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


ch aren Png Sinan ets tes EDS eA beieie Dae ek YES 
four spines, the latter smooth. Mandibles slender, with eight comb- 
like teeth, all of the same size; first maxillae tipped with three j ointed 
setae, palp long and tipped with three spines. 

Second maxillae long and stout and more or less wrinkled, jointed 
at the tip by a button-shaped bulla. These maxillae are attached to 
the sides of the head, on a level with the dorsal surface, and just out- 
side the bases of the maxillipeds. The latter have a moderately stout 
basal joint, carrying a short process on its inner margin, which is cov- 
ered with bristling hairs; terminal claw short and slender, with an 
accessory spine on the inner margin near the tip. 

Color (preserved material), a uniform yellowish-white, the pitted 
areas brownish, the egg strings orange. 

Total length (without egg strings), 22mm. Length of second max- 
illae, 14 mm.; of egg strings, 25mm. Greatest width, 5 to 7 mm. 

Specific characters of male.—Cephalothorax inclined to the trunk 
axis nearly at right angles and covered by a well-defined carapace; 
trunk conical and distinctly segmented in younger specimens, but 
thickening posteriorly and losing its segmentation in older specimens; 
in both it is about the same length as the cephalothorax and termi- 
nates in two small spinelike anal laminae, curved backward along the 
dorsal surface. First antennae four-jointed, slender; second pair, 
chelate, the endopod ending in a leaflike lamina, smooth and un- 
armed, the exopod with a small terminal lamina bifid nearly to its 
center. First maxillae tipped with two long setae anda shorter one 
on the inner margin; second maxillae rather stout and tipped with a 
stout claw; maxillipeds also stout, the terminal claw curved and fit- 
ting against a process on the basal joint, making a powerful chela. 

Color (preserved material) a uniform yellowish-white. 

Total length, 2.5 mm. Length of cephalothorax, 1.2mm. Great- 
est width, 0.75 mm. 

(elongatus, elongate, alluding to both the trunk and the egg 
strings. ) 

Remarks.—The male described by Steenstrup and Liitken differs 
from the two found upon the present females chiefly in the inflation 
and segmentation of the trunk. In their specimen the trunk was 
almost spherical and showed no traces of segmentation; in the present 
specimens it tapers decidedly backwards and is distinctly segmented. 
But these are just the differences one would expect between young 
and fully developed males. 

The minute size and enormous number of the eggs is also worthy 
of notice. Possibly the copepodid larvae can not attach themselves 
to any other portion of the host’s body except the eye where they are 
always found. If this be true, it would greatly restrict their chances 
of survival and so would necessitate a much larger number of eggs. 


. No. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 639 


LERNAEOPODINA, new genus. 


Generic characters of female-—Cephalothorax at an oblique angle 
with the trunk, much smaller than the latter, and the two separated 
by a distinct groove; dorsal carapace small and poorly defined; trunk 
pear-shaped, much narrowed anteriorly; no anal laminae, but two 
small posterior processes dorsal to the egg strings; no genital process 
or external segmentation; first antennae three-jointed; second an- 
tennae biramose, the rami about the same size, unsegmented, and 
covered with bristles and spines; first maxillae bipartite, with a 
short palp; second maxillae slender, bulla button-shaped; maxillipeds 
with slender terminal claw, having an accessory claw on the inner 
margin; egg strings short and stout. 

Generic characters of male—Body bent twice at right angles, so 
that the trunk and the anterior portion of the cephalothorax are par- 
allel with the second maxillae and maxillipeds; trunk separated from 
the cephalothorax by a well-defined groove, unsegmented, and ter- 
minating in two anal laminae, each tipped with a small spine; first 
antennae three-jointed; second antennae biramose but not chelate; 
first maxillae slender, without a palp and tipped with two setae; 
second maxillae and maxillipeds very large and stout, and armed 
with strong chelae. 

Type.—Lernaeopodina relata, new species. 

(Lernaeopodina, Lernaeopoda and ending denoting likeness.) 

Remarks.—It will be noted that the species belonging to this new 
genus are parasitic on rays and sharks which inhabit the deeper 
portions of the ocean. Brian called attention to this fact in con- 
nection with the two new species which he established in 1912 
(p. 388). And it may be still further emphasized by the three species 
taken from deep water rays, Olsson’s longimana, T. Scott’s cluthae, 
and the new species, relata. There must be the same adaptation 
to pressure in the parasites which obtains in the fishes serving as 
their hosts. This fact ought to have some systematic value in 
indicating the close relationship of these species. The simplest 
way to distinguish the genus from Lernaeopoda is by the posterior 
processes in the female which are dorsal to the egg strings instead 
of ventral. To this may be added the equal size of the rami of the 
second antennae, both of which are unsegmented, while the first 
maxilae are bipartite. The Lernaecopodina male is very much 
smaller than that of Lernaeopoda, and its body is bent twice at 
right angles, the cephalothorax has no carapace, and the second 
maxillae as well as the maxillipeds are chelate. 

Lernaeopoda cluthae T. Scott, 1900 (p. 173), is referred to this new 
genus for several reasons. It has no dorsal carapace, no differ- 


640 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


entiated thorax segments, the posterior processes are dorsal instead 
of ventral, and the male is radically different from that of Lernae- 
opoda, so that it can not belong to that genus. 

On the other hand the female agrees with that of Lernaeopodina 
in every particular except the segmented exopod of the second 
antennae, and the male corresponds save for the fact that the trunk 
is segmented. This latter is probably due to the stage of develop- 
ment of the male, since we find similar differences in every genus 
in the family where the males are known. 

We are thus left with the single difference mentioned in the female 
and may refer the species to the present genus. 

Lernaeopoda similis T. and A. Scott, 1913, p. 202, for the same 
reasons just enumerated can not remain in the genus where it was 
placed. No details are given of the appendages or mouth parts, 
nor is the male known, yet the excellent colored figures and the 
brief description leaves but little doubt that the species belongs here 
in the new genus rather than in Lernaeopoda. 

Lernaeopoda spinacis Brian, 1912, p. 36, is also transferred to 
the present genus. Brian described and figured both sexes of this 
species, and while the male agrees with that of Lernaeopodina in all 
essential particulars, the female differs in the fact that it has no 
posterior processes. This is an important difference but not enough 
to warrant the erection of a new genus, and as the species shows 
greater affinity with Lernacopodina than with any other genus in 
the family it is placed here. 


TABLE OF SPECIES. 


1. Second maxillae filiform and definitely longer than the trunk...........---- Be es 
1. Second maxillae stouter and definitely shorter than the trunk. ...-..-.-.------- = 


2. Second maxillae three times the length of the trunk; posterior processes cylin- 
drical and half as long as the trunk; maxillipeds small and weak. 
longibrachia (Brian), 1912, p. 641. 
2. Second maxilae but little longer than the trunk; posterior processes flattened 
and foliaceous; second antennae chelate; maxillipeds large and strong. 
longimana (Olsson), 1869. 
2. Second maxillae but little longer than the trunk; posterior processes cylin- 
drical, but less than one-fourth the length of the trunk; second antennae 
simple; maxillipeds large and strong......-...--------- cluthae (T. Scott), 1900. 
3. Cephalothorax much elongated; posterior processes conical, slender; egg strings 
slender and as long as the trunk; dorsal carapace very indistinct. 
similis (T. and A. Scott), 1913. 
3. Cephalothorax short and wide; posterior processes stout, cylindrical; egg strings 
stout and only half the length of the trunk; dorsal carapace well defined. 
relata, new species, p. 641. 
3. Cephalothorax short, wide, and depressed; posterior processes mere knobs; egg 
strings stout and as long as the trunk; dorsal carapace well defined. 
spinacis Brian, 1908. 


No. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 641 


LERNAEOPODINA LONGIBRACHIA (Brian). 


Lernaeopoda longibrachia Brian, 1912, p. 39, pl. 2, fig. 5; pl. 12, figs. 1-12. 


Host and record of specimens.—There is in the collection of the 
United States National Museum a single female of this species, 
which is numbered 6087, U.S.N.M., but unfortunately all record of 
host and locality has been lost. 

Specific characters of female.—Brian has given a good description 
and figures of this species, and we may repeat briefly the principal 
characters. Cephalothorax comparatively small, one-fifth the length 
and one-fourth the width of the trunk, obovate, covered with a dis- 
tinct dorsal carapace, and well separated from the trunk; neck short 
and without grooves; trunk pear-shaped, increasing in diameter from 
the narrow neck backward, plumply rounded and smooth. <A small 
and degenerate abdomen, between the posterior processes; the latter 
cylindrical, half as long as the trunk, and contracted into a narrow 
pedicel where they join the thorax. Egg strings cylindrical, half the 
diameter of the body, and four-fifths as long; eggs small, in 10 or 12 
longitudinal rows, about 45 in a row. First antennae four-jointed; 
second antennae biramose, the endopod (dorsal) somewhat larger 
than the exopod (ventral), neither of them jointed. First maxillae 
minute, without a palp and tipped with two setae; second maxillae 
filiform, of the same diameter throughout, and from two and a half 
to five times the combined length of the cephalothorax, trunk, and 
posterior appendages. Maxillipeds rather slender, with a stout spine 
on the basal joint near the distal end, and an accessory spine on, the 
inner margin of the terminal claw near its tip. 

Color (preserved material), a light brownish-yellow. 

Total length (without posterior processes), 11 mm. Length of 
posterior processes, 3 mm.; of egg strings, 11 mm.; of second max- 
illae, 55mm. Greatest width of trunk, 5 mm. 

(longibrachia, long-armed, alluding to the second maxillae.) 

Remarks.—The distinguishing character of this species is the re- 
markably long and slender second maxillae, which, as Brian has 
stated, give the parasite the appearance of a tiny pear suspended by 
two long threads. No other copepod is known, in which the attach- 
ment organs reach such a proportionate length. 


LERNAEOPODINA RELATA, new species. 


Plate 25, fig. D; plate 39, figs. 99 to 101; plate 40, figs. 102 to 105. 


Host and record of specimens.—About one hundred specimens of 
both sexes were obtained from the gills of a large barndoor skate, 
Raja levis, at Harpswell, Maine, August 15, 1913. A single female 
with an attached male is made the type of the new species and is 

34843 °—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——41 


642 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


esi PRA ADRS Sa gE 
numbered 43572, U.S.N.M. The remaining specimens are numbered 
43576, U.S.N.M., and become paratypes. 

Specific characters of female—Cephalothorax short and wide and 
separated from the body by a well defined groove, the anterior por- 
tion covered with a dorsal carapace; trunk pear-shaped, narrowed 
anteriorly into a long slender neck, prolonged posteriorly into a 
bluntly rounded point between the egg strings, which represents the 
abdomen; on either side of this point, and dorsal to the egg strings, 
is a.short cylindrical process, half a millimeter long and curved like a 
parenthesis mark; they are of the same diameter throughout, with a 
slight constriction at the base; egg strings only one-third as long as 
the trunk, but plump; eggs large, in 4 or 5 longitudinal rows, about 
10 in each row. 

First antennae plump and almost entirely concealed by the second 
pair, indistinctly jointed and terminated by three short spines. See- 
ond antennae large and stout, inclined inward against the mouth 
tube, and biramose at the tip, the two rami well separated, unseg- 
mented, and curved toward each other at their tips, each armed with 
one or two stout spines and many smaller ones. First maxillae slender 
and tipped with two setae; palp short and thick, and also tipped 
with two setae. Second maxillae about twice the length of the 
cephalothorax, slender and joined at the tip to a small, button- 
shaped bulla. Maxillipeds large and stout, the terminal claw long 
and slender, with an accessory claw on the inner margin, close to the 
tip, followed by a row of saw teeth; a large roughened knob on the 
inner margin of the basal joint near the distal end, against which the 
terminal claw shuts. Color, a uniform creamy white, the bulla 
transparent. Total length, including posterior processes, 5 mm. 
Length of cephalothorax, 1.2 mm.; of egg strings, 1.75 mm.; of sec- 
ond maxillae,3 mm. Greatest width of trunk, 1 mm. 

Specific characters of male.—Anterior portion of cephalothorax and 
trunk parallel with each other and with the second maxillae and at 
right angles to the posterior portion of the cephalothorax; no cara- 
pace; trunk conical, tapering rapidly backward, unscgmented, ter- 
minating in two short processes, each tipped with a single spine; in 
side view the trunk does not project beyond the maxillipeds and 
looks like a third pair of appendages. 

First antennae three-jointed; second pair biramose, the rami 
curved toward each other, and each armed with two stout spines. 
First maxillae swollen at the base, slender at the tip, terminating in 
two long setae; no palp; second maxillae slender and tipped with a 
stout claw, which shuts past a spine on the basal joint, forming a 
chela. Basal joints of maxillipeds stout, almost squarely truncated 
at the distal end, and furnished there with a short and strong claw 
whose tip shuts down, into a groove between two rounded knobs. 

Color, a uniform creamy-white. 


no. 20683. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 643 


Total length, 0.65 mm. Length of cephalothorax, 0.40 mm. 

(relata, connecting or establishing a relation between several spe- 
cies, as the type of the new genus). 

Remarks.—This new species was found in great abundance on the 
gills of a large barn-door skate, captured in about 60 fathoms of water. 
Although only 100 specimens were taken there were fully 1,000 
on the single fish, the gills being literally covered with them. The 
present species differs from Jongimana in the details of the mouth 
parts, in the structure of the second antennae, and in the shape of 
the posterior appendages; from longibrachia it is sufficiently distin- 
guished by the length of the second maxillae. 


Genus BASANISTES Nordmann. 


Generic characters of female—Cephalothorax at right angles to the 
trunk axis, with no definite demarcation between, the two; no dorsal 
carapace, abdomen, anal laminae, posterior processes, or genital 
process; a large spherical knob on the back of the head, a row of 
smaller knobs down the center of the back, and another row along 
either lateral margin. First antennae short, slender, and three- 
jomted; second pair stout and biramose, the exopod two-jointed, 
the endopod one-jointed, the latter considerably larger than the 
former and both armed with small spines. Mandibles slender and 
curved toward the tips where they are armed with fine saw teeth, 
all about the same size. First maxillae slender and tipped with three 
setae; second maxillae short and wrinkled, bulla large and club- 
shaped. Egg strings cylindrical and rather plump. Maxillipeds 
stout and standing well in front of the second maxillae, the terminal 
claw without accessory spines. 

Male.—Unknown. 

Type.—Basanistes huchonis (Schrank). 

(Basanistes, Bynoavotic, a torturer.) 

Remarks.—Milne Edwards, missing entirely the generic characters 
in Nordmann’s Basanistes, made of it a genus to take the place of 
Blainville’s Lernaeopoda, and included in it the two species which 
Blainville had placed under Lernaeopoda. Since Blainville’s genus 
was published 10 years before Nordmann’s, if it were necessary to 
choose between the two, Blainville’s name would take precedence. 
But both genera are valid, and so the names which Milne Edwards 
brought into this genus must be transferred back again. 


TABLE OF SPECIES. 


1. Terminal claw of maxillipeds longer than the second joint, the latter with a stout 


Spincondts ventral surface: = 228522. Sasa ee coregont Neresheimer, 1909. 
1. Terminal claw of maxillipeds longer than the second joint, the latter without spines 
GYMS DES seats seen Se eine tien ose ke eee othe wiz ke te nordmannt Kessler, 1868. 


1. Terminal claw of maxillipeds shorter than the second joint, the latter with a large 
knob against which the claw shuts like a chela........ huchonis (Schrank), 1786. 


644 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 47. 


eee ee 


Genus VANBENEDENIA Malm. 


Generic characters of female—Cephalothorax and trunk in the same 
straight line but separated by a well defined groove; the former short 
and much broader than long, without a dorsal carapace, the latter 
elongate, depressed, and indistinctly segmented; no posterior proc- 
esses, genital process, abdomen, or anal laminae; first antennae short 
and unsegmented; second antennae uniramose; first maxillae bi- 
partite, without palps; second maxillae straight and rigid, approxi- 
mated for their entire length and fused at their tips, where they are 
joined to a mushroom bulla; egg strings filiform and much longer 
than the trunk. 

Generic characters of male-—Cephalothorax and trunk in the same 
line and thoroughly fused, the separation being indicated, if at all, 
by a slight groove; no dorsal carapace; trunk shorter than the 
cephalothorax, conical, and bluntly rounded posteriorly, without any 
abdomen or anal laminae; antennae and mouth parts like those of 
the female; second maxillae and maxillipeds some distance behind 
the mouth tube (see pl. 28, fig. N). 

Type.— Vanbenedenia krgyeri, the single species. 

(Vanbenedenia, to P. J. van Beneden.) 


TRACHBEHLIASTINAH, new subfamily. 


Subfamily characters of female——Cephalothorax shorter than the 
second maxillae, much narrowed and flattened, in line with the trunk 
or bent a little backward; trunk elongate, flattened dorso-ventrally, 
enlarged posteriorly, with no traces of segmentation, no posterior 
processes, genital process, abdomen, or anal laminae; maxiulipeds 
on, the inner surface of the second maxillae, and the two removed a 
long distance behind the mouth tube; second maxillae united only 
at the tip, bulla mushroom shaped. 

Male.—Unknown. 

Remarks.—Since this subfamily includes but a single genus its 
characteristics for the present will be the same as those of the genus. 
The most marked character is the juxtaposition of the second max- 
illae and maxillipeds and their removal a long distance behind the 
mouth tube. 


Genus TRACHELIASTES Nordmann. 


Generic characters of female.—Cephalothorax separated from the 
trunk by a well-defined groove, and usually strongly curved; no. 
dorsal carapace; first antennae indistinctly jointed; second antennae 
biramose, each ramus unsegmented and ending in a claw; first max- 
illae tripartite, without a palp; second maxillae long, stout, and 
wrinkled, united only at the tip to a mushroom-shaped bulla; max- 
illipeds small, with weak claws; egg strings large and about as long 
as the trunk. 


No. 20638. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 645 


Male.—Unknown. 

Type.—Tracheliastes polycolpus Nordmann. 

(Tracheliastes, Todynkedw, arching the neck like a horse.) 

Remarks.—This genus, like the subfamily, may be recognized at 
once by the fact that the maxillipeds have migrated away from the 
other mouth-parts, along with the second maxillae, the two being 
found together some distance behind the mouth tube. Nordmaan’s 
figures and description were so convincing as to leave no question in 
regard to the validity of the genus. It has never been disputed, nor 
has it any synonyms like most of the other genera. Richiardi’s 
species, gigas, was simply named with only a few words of descrip- 
tion, but the size given, combined with these few words, makes it 
certain that he had a new species, and hence it has been included in 
the following table: 


TABLE OF SPECIES. 


1. Cephalothorax half the length of the second maxillae or more..............- 2. 

. Cephalothorax less than one-fourth the length of the second maxillae........- Z. 

2. Size small (7.5 mm.); cephalothorax and second maxillae conical; the latter, 
together with the trunk, covered with rusty spots; genital process present. 

maculatus Kollar, 1835. 

2. Size small (6 mm.); cephalothorax and second maxillae cylindrical and much 

wrinkled; cephalothorax strongly arched; no genital process. 

polycolpus Nordmann, 1832. 

2. Size large (35 mm.); cephalothorax flattened and curved forward but not 

wrinkled: no genital process: 2/2. 22s. sec0 5s ck cs ed a. grandis, new species, p. 645. 

3. Size medium (12 mm.); cephalothorax short, cylindrical; second maxillae slender 

and tapering and not wrinkled; genital process present. . . .stellifer Kollar, 1835. 

3. Size large (30 mm.); mouth parts arranged like the sepals of a calyx; anterior third 

er second smaxillae filiform... Sake ee so ores bors 5 gigas Richiardi, 1880. 


~ 


TRACHELIASTES GRANDIS, new species. 
Plate 40, figs. 106 to 108. 


Host and record of specimens.—Two females without egg strings 
and with no label to indicate their host or locality were found in the 
coliection of the Museum. ‘The better of the two has been numbered 
43565, U.S.N.M., and is made the species type. 

Specyfic characters of female.—Cephalothorax relatively very 
minute, curved forward ventrally between the second maxillae and 
much wrinkled; separated from the trunk by a deep invagination on 
either side and by a dorsal and, ventral groove. Trunk massive, 
strongly flattened dorso-ventrally, gradually enlarged toward the 
center and then slightly contracted, the posterior margin almost 
squarely truncated, with a slight invagination at the center and 
rounded corners; no posterior processes, genital process, abdomen, or 
anallaminae. The convolutions of the oviducts form a series of slight 
rounded swellings along either side of the median line. These swell- 
ings increase in size posteriorly and are of a darker color that the rest 
of the trunk. 


646 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


Roe Le en ee eee 

First antennae slender, cylindrical, slightly enlarged at the tips and 
obscurely segmented; second antennae with a short and stout basal 
portion made up of two segments, and two conical rami, each appar- 
ently unsegmented and ending in a short spine, the exopod nearly 
twice the length of the endopod. Second maxillae stout, strongly 
flattened dorso-ventrally, and tapering toward the tips, where they 
are joined to the slender pedicel of the mushroom bulla. The cepha- 
lothorax being curved forward ventrally, the bases of these second 
maxillae nearly meet on its dorsal surface, and they extend forward 
anteriorly in line with the body axis. 

Maxillipeds large and swollen and inserted on the ventral surface of 
the bases of the second maxillae, some distance behind the mouth 
tube; they are made up of two stout conical joints and a strongly 
curved terminal claw. 

Color (preserved material), a yellowish-white, the swellings of the 
oviducts a light brown, the bulla and its pedicel a dark cinnamon 
brown. 

Total length, including the second maxillae, 38 mm. Length of 
cephalothorax, 5 mm.; of second maxillae, 10 mm.; of trunk, 32 mm. 

Width of cephalothorax, 5 mm.; of trunk, 12 mm. Thickness of 
the trunk, 7 mm. 

(grandis, huge or immense, alluding to the trunk.) 

Remarks.—If the immense size of the trunk and the details of the 
appendages did not make it certain that this was a new species, the 
meager material at the author’s disposal would not warrant its estab- 
lishment. Neither female possesses egg strings, the trunk of one is 
badly mutilated, and there are no data as to host or locality. And 
yet it will be evident to anyone that the specimens are certainly 
new and unique in many respects, and accordingly they are put for- 
ward as a new species, very much the largest of the genus. 


BRIANELLINAH, new subfamily. 


Subfamily characters of female.—Cephalothorax about the same 
length as the second maxillae, bent backward at a right angle with 
the body axis; trunk plump, with two posterior processes, but with no 
genital process, abdomen, or anal laminae; trunk unsegmented; max- 
illipeds minute and degenerate, removed a long distance behind the 
mouth-tube; second maxillae removed an equal distance behind the 
maxillipeds, fused throughout their entire length and armed at the 
tip with a bulla or with dichotomously branched horns, similar to 
those found in certain of the Lernaeidae; maxillary glands as external 
swellings on the trunk at the base of the second maxillae. 

Male.—Unknown. 

Remarks.—This subfamily just fills out the possibilities in the mat- 
ter of the arrangement of the second maxillae and maxillipeds with 


no. 2068. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 647 


reference to the mouth tube. In the Lernaeopodinae they are close 
together and close to the mouth-tube; in the Tracheliastinae they are 
close together, but are removed from the mouth tube; in the Clavel- 
linae one of them is close to the mouth tube while the other is sepa- 
rated, and here in the Brianellinae they are both separated but at dif-- 
ferent distances. Such a completion affords gratifying proof that the 
original basis of systematization was Well chosen. 


BRIANELLA, new genus. 


Generic characters of female.—Cephalothorax in line with the sec- 
ond maxillae and at right angles to the trunk axis, considerably 
longer than the trunk and about the same length as the second 
maxillae; separated from the trunk by a distinct groove; trunk pear- 
shaped, with posterior processes dorsal to the egg strings; first 
antennae rudimentary knobs; second antennae biramose and chelate 
at the tips; mouth area depressed or telescoped into the anterior 
surface of the head; second maxillae partially fused, each terminating 
in a dichotomously branched horn instead of a common bulla; 
maxillipeds reduced to papillae and terminating in small spines 
instead of claws. 

Male.—Unknown. 

Type.—Brianella corniger, new species. 

(Brianella, to Dr. Alessandro Brian, who has published many 
valuable memoirs on the parasitic copepods.) 

Remarks.—In addition to the separation of the second maxillae 
and maxillipeds from each other and from the other mouth-parts, 
this genus also offers a striking contrast to every other genus in the 
Lernacopodidae in the absence of a bulla and the presence of dicho- 
tomously branched horns, similar to those found on the head of some 
of the Lernacidae. And yet this is but little different from what 
we find in the genus Charopinus, where the second maxillae are en- 
tirely separate and end in enlarged disks, or fingerlike processes. 
It is but a short step from those processes to these horns, and the 
two are probably formed in a very similar manner. The removal 
of the maxillary glands to the cephalothorax is also similar to what 
is found in several genera of the Clavellinae. This genus, therefore, 
in its morphology as well as in the arrangement of the mouth parts, 
stands between the Lernaeopodinae and the Clavellinae. 


BRIANELLA CORNIGER, new species. 
Plate 41, figs. 109 to 113. 


Host and record of specimens.—Two adult females with egg strings 
were obtained from the gills of a ray off the coast of Lota, Chile. 
The more perfect specimen is numbered 43573, U.S.N.M., and is 


648 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


hii NAA Ran UR RI AP RRA AABN e 
made the type of the new species; the other specimen is numbered 
43583 and becomes a paratype. 

Specific characters of female.—Cephalothorax thick, cylindrical, 
longer than the trunk, and in line with the second maxillae at right 
angles to the trunk axis; head not enlarged and without a dorsal 
carapace; trunk ovoid, flattened dorso-ventrally, contracted ante- 
riorly where it joins the cephalothorax, and smoothly rounded pos- 
teriorly; a single pair of posterior appendages dorsal to the egg strings, 
close together, parallel, and curved dorsally; no genital process, abdo- 
men, or anal laminae; egg strings attached dorsally ciose to the 
processes, as long as the trunk and half as thick; eggs small, in 8 or 
10 longitudinal rows, about 30 in a row. 

First antennae very rudimentary, a mere unsegmented knob inside 
the second pair; second antennae indistinctly three-jointed and bira- 
mose at the tip, the two rami like the jaws of a pair of pincers, and 
each tipped with a minute spine; basal jot much enlarged, with a 
wide flattened and laminate process on the posterior margin. The 
area carrying the mouth tube is depressed or telescoped into the 
anterior part of the head, so that the mouth does not project beyond 
the surface. In this depression lie the first antennae and the first 
maxillae. The second maxillae are separate at their base and for 
one quarter of their length, then fused solidly. At the base of each 
maxilla, on the lateral margin where it joins the cephalothorax, is a 
maxillary gland, trapezoidal in outline, as wide as the maxilla, and 
projecting prominently. These glands are peculiarly large and their 
location is a conspicuous one. At the tips of these maxillae we do 
not find a bulla, but a pair of dichotomously branched horns. Each 
of these starts from the lateral margin of the maxilla on its own side, 
and the two extend away from each other; they are twice or thrice 
compounded and the branches are bluntly pointed. The maxillipeds 
are situated at the center of the space between the second maxillae 
and the mouth tube; their basal joints are minute, slender, and 
triangular in shape, while the terminal claws have degenerated into 
mere spines at the apex of the basal joints. 

Color (preserved material), a dark yellowish-brown. 

Length of cephalothorax, 5 mm.; of trunk, 4.75 mm.; of posterior 
processes, 4mm.; of egg strings, 4.25 mm. Width of cephalothorax, 
1.40 mm.; of trunk, 2.5 mm. 

(corniger, carrying or wearing a horn, alluding to the second 
maxillae.) 

Remarks.—fhis being the only species of the genus, it follows that 
it displays all the generic characters, and so becomes of great sys- 
tematic interest. The remarks already made under the genus apply 
with equal force here. 


SS 


No. 2068. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 649 


THOMSONELLA, new genus. 


Generic characters of female.—Cephalothorax half the length of the 
second maxille, the two in the same line and at right angles to the 
trunk axis; trunk pear-shaped and a little longer than the cephalo- 
thorax, indistinctly divided into four segments; two slender poste- 
rior processes dorsal to the egg strings; a rudimentary abdomen but 
no anal laminae; maxillipeds at the center of the space between the 
second maxillae and the mouth tube, small and rudimentary; second 
maxillae long and free to their tips where they are joined to an ordi- 
nary bulla. First antennae two-jointed, the basal joint the longer; 
second antennae biramose, exopod much larger than the endopod, 
both unsegmented ; first maxillae tipped with three setae, and bear- 
ing a palp with two terminal setae. 

Male.—Unknown. 

Type.—Thomsonella parkeri (Brachiella parkeri Thomson). 

(Thomsonella, to Prof. George M. Thomson, of the University of 
New Zealand, who first described the type-species.) 

Remarks.—This new genus is established for the species described 
under the name Brachiella parkeri by Prof. Thomson in his ‘‘Par- 
asitic Copepods of New Zealand,”! and afterward (1909) by Miss 
May E. Bainbridge,? who placed a question mark in front of the 
genus name. That it can not belong to the genus Brachiella is at 
once evident from the position and degeneration of the maxillipeds, 
as well as from the structure of the other mouth parts. It does not 
possess a single character assigned to the genus Brachiella except the 
large size and the separation of the second maxillae. It shows a 
close relationship to the new genus Brianella in the position and 
structure of the maxulipeds and in the general make-up of the entire 
body. But it differs from that genus in the structure of the first 
antennae, the mouth tube, and the second maxillae, and may be 
recognized simply by the presence of the bulla instead of the branched 
horns. It serves to place the new subfamily on a more secure founda- 
tion, and in the possession of a bulla it shows that the same variety 
exists in the new subfamily as in the older ones. 


CLAVELIINAEH, new subfamily. 


Subfamily characters of female.—Cephalothorax much longer than 
the second maxillae and often bent backward until it rests against the 
dorsal surface of the trunk; usually narrow and wormlike; trunk 
flattened dorso-ventrally, with paired posterior processes, sometimes 
as Many as six or eight, and often with an unpaired genital process; 
usually no abdomen and no anal laminae; maxillipeds close to the 


1 Trans. New Zealand Institute, vol. 22, p. 374. 
2 Trans. Linnaean Society, ser. 2, Zool., vol., 11, p.- 52. 


650 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


Oa ea on me FUL a 
base of the mouth tube and looking like an under jaw in side view; 
second maxillae removed a long distance behind them, sometimes 
fused, sometimes separate, usually with a bulla; maxillary glands as 
external swellings at the base of these maxillae. 

Subfamily characters of male.—Cephalothorax fused with the trunk, 
with no traces of segmentation; no anal laminae or only very minute 
ones; second antennae biramose, but without a claw; in Brachiella 
and its relatives the cephalothorax and trunk are in the same line or 
the body is somewhat curved; in Clavella and its relatives the body 
is folded together ventrally with no distinction of cephalothorax and 
trunk. 

Remarks.—This subfamily is considerably the largest of the four 
and includes all the more degenerate genera. Since it has also been 
the least well known and has served as a sort of wastebasket to catch 
such forms as could not readily be located elsewhere, more changes: 
have been necessary and a much larger number of new genera have 
been introduced. The figures and the diagnoses given, however, will 
readily prove the validity of these genera, which are largely due to 
the differential characters of the males, here for the first time pre- 
sented. 

Genus THYSANOTE Kr@yer. 

Generic characters of female.—Cephalothorax in line with the trunk, 
short, thickset, flattened dorso-ventrally, and completely fused with 
the trunk or only imperfectly separated; trunk unsegmented, flat- 
tened like the cephalothorax, with no genital process, abdomen, or 
anal laminae; a pair of fingerlike posterior processes ventral to the 
egg strings; branched or unbranched fimbriate processes attached to 
the posterior margin of the second maxillae, to the body at the base 
of the second maxillae, and to the posterior corners of the trunk, 
sometimes hiding the egg strings. First antennae indistinctly seg- 
mented; second antennae biramose; first maxillae large, tripartite; 
second maxillae united only at their tips, bulla mushroom-shaped; 
maxillipeds large and powerful; egg strings usually short and stout. 

Generie characters of male.—Cephalothorax in line with trunk axis, 
the two curved into a quarter moon and separated by a distinct 
groove; no dorsal carapace; trunk spindle-shaped, unsegmented, and 
terminated by two conical anal laminae, which are curved ventrally; 
mouth-tube and appendages at right angles to the body axis; second 
antennae uncinate; second maxillae and maxillipeds with stout 
sickle-shaped claws, one or both of them sometimes twisted like a 
corkscrew. 

Type.—Thysanote pomacanth Kr¢yer. 

(Thysanote, Odcavoc, a fringe, alluding to the fimbriate processes.) 

Remarks.—This genus may be recognized at once by the fimbriate 
processes, whose dense fringe causes some of the species to bear a 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILASON. 651 


crude resemblance to a miniature human figure. The genus type 
shown by the male is fully as distinct as that of the female, and this 
has differentiated the genus so thoroughly that there has been almost 
no false identification of the species (see pl. 26, fig. G). 


TABLE OF SPECIES. 


. Fimbriate processes few in number and well separated.............-...-.0-00- Me 
. Fimbriate processes numerous and thickly massed...........-.-...-.-..-..--- 3. 
. Processes unbranched, club-shaped. .appendiculata (Steenstrup and Liitken), 1861. 
. Processes dichotomously branched...........--- longimana Wilson, 1913, p. 651. 
. Second maxillae with three single processes; a single bundle of capemched proc- 
esses on either side of the trunk at the posterior end... . fimbriata (Heller), 1865. 
3. Second maxillae with four bundles of processes; two similar bundles at the posterior 
end of the trunk) all dichotomously branched . ...: s...4.<<.4<<m~desocccececeee 4, 
4. Posterior fimbriate processes recurved at the tips and entirely concealing the egg 
BGI OR Re eves skis iats aaa et ertenyte Sete ce oe pomacantht Krdéyer, 1863, p. 651. 
4. Posterior processes straight, egg strings visible for half their length. 
lobwventris (Heller), 1865. 
THYSANOTE LONGIMANA Wilson. 


Thysanote longimana Wi1son, 1918, p. 257, pl. 47, figs. 262-264; pl. 48. 


Wm hdo ee 


Host and record of specumens.—Five females and three males were 
obtained from the throat of the red snapper, Neomaenis aya, at Mon- 
tego Bay, Jamaica, July 23, 1910, and both sexes are fully described 
in the reference given above. Since the host is found all along our 
Atlantic Coast as far north as Connecticut this parasite also may be 
classed as North American. 


THYSANOTE POMACANTHI Krfyer. 
Thysanote pomacanthi KrGYER, 1863, p. 288, pl. 15, fig. la to 7. 


Host and record of specumens.—Krgyer obtained 10 females from 
the gills of Pomacanthus paru in the Danish West Indies. M. T. 
Thompson recorded in his manuscript notes two females of this 
species from the gills of Pomacanthus arcuatus in the local collec- 
tion at Woods Hole, Massachusetts. From the sketches and data 
accompanying this record it is certain that the specimens really 
belonged to this species, so that it may be recorded as North Ameri- 
can. These specimens, however, can not be found, and hence no 
attempt is made to supplement Krgyer’s description. 


THYSANOTELLA, new genus. 


Generic characters of female.—Cephalothorax curved forward and 
nearly as long as the trunk; the latter much the wider, with concave 
sides, each of the four corners prolonged into a single bundle of four 
filiform, unbranched processes; two pairs of posterior processes, one 
dorsal, the other ventral, close to the midline, with a tiny genital proc- 
ess between them. First antennae three-jointed; second antennae 
biramose, without claws; first maxillae bipartite, palp with a single 


652 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


ce, A Oia hs ND Sar WR STE Tn a 
spine; second maxillae fused, except for a short distance at the 
center, bulla disk-shaped; maxillipeds stout, terminal claw slender; 
egg strings club-shaped, and as long as the trunk. 

Generic characters of male.—Cephalothorax ovoid, in line with the 
trunk and separated from the latter by a distinct groove; no dorsal 
carapace; trunk two-thirds the length and only one-fifth the diameter 
of the cephalothorax, distinctly divided into three segments and 
terminating in two lancinate plates. 

First and second antennae close together at the upper and anterior 
corner of the cephalothorax, a considerable distance from the mouth 
tube; first antennae three-jointed; second pair uniramose and two- 
jointed; maxillipeds relatively enormous, the claw very powerful, 
bent so as to form three-quarters of a circle, and sharp pointed, with 
an accessory spine on the inner margin. 

Type.— Thysanotella multifimbriata (Bassett-Smith). 

(Thysanotella, the diminutive of Thysanote.) 

Remarks.—This genus is established to include a single species 
described and figured by Bassett-Smith (1898, p. 96, pl. 6, fig. 2, a 
tog). Both sexes are known, and each differs so markedly from the 
types of the other genera that the validity of the genus is securely 
established, provided Bassett-Smith’s description was correct. In 
the female the long and wormlike cephalothorax is like that found 
in Eubrachiella, Olavella, and Charopinus, but very different from that 
found in Thysanote; the fimbriate processes are all on the trunk, and 
there are two pairs of posterior processes. The entire make-up of the 
male is peculiar; the body is reduced to less than a quarter the size of 
the cephalothorax, but is distinctly segmented; the two pairs of 
antennae are away up on the back of the cephalothorax, and the 
maxillipeds are enormously developed and peculiar in position. 
Bassett-Smith himself says of this male: “It shows distinctly the 
Brachiella form.” But from the figure here given (fig. H, pl. 26) it 
will be seen that it conforms far more to Charopimus than to Brachi- 
ella. He tells us that he only succeeded in making a rough drawing 
of this male and that he lost the specimen while preparing it for 
mounting. But granting this, no amount of correcting or finishing 
could ever cause his figure of the male to bear any resemblance to 
that of Brachiella or Thysanote. 


Genus CHAROPINUS Kr#yer. 


Generic characters of female.—Cephalothorax elongate, cylindrical, 
more or less distinctly separated from the trunk, sometimes turned 
back at right angles or even against the dorsal surface of the trunk; 
usually no dorsal carapace; trunk pear-shaped, enlarged and often 
flattened posteriorly, and carrying there a pair of filiform posterior 
processes, dorsal to the egg strings; no genital process, abdomen or 
anal laminae. First antennae indistinctly four-jointed; second 


No. 2068. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 653 


antennae with a curved exopod and a jointed endopod, making the 
rami somewhat chelate; first maxillae tripartite, palp with one or 
two minute spines; second maxillae long and usually quite corru- 
gated, sometimes joined at their tips and furnished with a bulla, 
sometimes separate, with their ends enlarged in various patterns 
and clasping a chitin bar; maxillipeds with a short terminal claw, 
shutting against a projection on the second joint. 

Generic characters of male.—Anterior portion of cephalothorax at 
right angles to the posterior portion and the trunk; no distinct 
dorsal carapace; thorax segmented with an enlarged genital segment; 
a well-defined and segmented abdomen, carrying anal laminae. 
First antennae indistinctly four-jointed; second antennae biramose, 
rami usually curved and chelate; first maxilla tripartite, palp with 
two setae; second maxillae and maxillipeds some distance behind 
the other mouth parts and close together. 

Type.—Charopinus dalmanni (Retzius). 

(Charopinus, the name of a parasite in Martial.) 

Remarks.—Krgyer’s description of the species (dalmanni) which he 
made the genus type, and of a new species ramosus, and the details 
given in his figures, leave no doubt that the “new” genus and species, 
Stylophorus hippocephalus, proposed by Hesse in 1878, is really 
only a new species of Charopinus. To these three species Scott 
added a fourth, dubius, in 1900, but if one will examine the figures 
and description in the same paper (1900, p. 173) of the species which 
Scott named Lernacopoda cluthae, it will be evident that this also 
belongs to the present genus and not to Lernaeopoda. This genus 
is the only one in the entire family in which the adult male is com- 
pletely segmented, while the male of Lernaeopoda shows no segmen- 
tation whatever. In particular the partial or complete separation 
of the two segments bearing the second maxille and maxillipeds is 
characteristic of the male Charopinus, and this is admirably shown 
in Scott’s figure. His species, therefore, must be removed from the 
genus Lernaeopoda and placed here with the other species of Charopi- 
nus. Exactly the same statements apply to the species called 
Brachiella malleus by Nordmann (1832, p. 95) and Vogt (1877, 
p. 46), and also to the species named below (dentatus), in each of 
which the male proves beyond a doubt that the species belongs to 
the genus Charopinus. It will be noted also that every species of 
the genus as here constituted is parasitic upon the gills or in the 
nasal openings of a ray. 


TABLE OF SPECIES. 


1. Tipsof second maxillae completely fused and furnished with a bulla for attachment 
LOMUNEIDNROS Es cece. Sha CMa 2 See a coeie ster de juts etch eet rem eae py. 
1. Second maxillae entirely separate or slightly coalesced, the tip of each enlarged and 
anchored separately in the host. .........-..... dae sda een rele CSS 3: 


654 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


2. Second maxillae half as long again as the trunk; bulla thin and wide. 
dubius (T. Scott), 1900. 
. Second maxillae the same length as the trunk; bulla thick and narrow. 
cluthae (T. Scott), 1900. 
2. Second maxillae half the length of the trunk; bulla thin and narrow. 
malleus (Rudolphi), 1832, p. 654. 
2. Second maxillae one-third the length of the trunk; bulla small and macietaes 


bo 


shaped; no posterior processes............------ dentatus (Wilson), 1912, p. 654. 
3. Ends of second maxillae slightly coalesced, branched separately; posterior proc- 
GSO NOE US CUT VCC: oe oie cere oe tie ae ote ie ota die cereals are ramosus Kr¢yer, 1863. 
3. Ends of second maxillae enlarged into semilunar disks; posterior processes strongly 
GIEIVOR Sos Soe TI eee cores eee ae es ..-dalmanni (Retzius), 1829, p. 655. 
3. Ends of second maxillae terminating in finger-like projections; posterior processes 
BHOKPATIG CUVeRtonibs £75k = Sn Soi cee hippocephalus (Hesse), 1879. 


3. Ends of second maxillae enlarged into semielliptical disks, which are slightly 
coalesced at the center; no branches or projection; posterior processes short and 
Birnie ee ee es aes oie oe ee ee cele ncte eee bicaudatus (Krgyer), 1837, p. 656. 


CHAROPINUS MALLEUS (Rudolphi). 
Brachiella malleus NorpMANN, 1832, p. 95.—Voar, 1877, p. 46, pl. 3, figs. 1-8. 


Host and record of specimens.—A single lot of females with egg 
strings broken was taken at Port Arthur, Manchuria, by J. F. Abbott, 
and were sent to the author from Stanford University by Dr. C. H. 
Gilbert; there is no record of the host or date of capture. These 
parasites have been given Cat. No. 38578, U.S.N.M. 

Remarks.—This species was first described in manuscript notices 
by Rudolphi in 1817 under the name Dirhynchus malleus. These 
notices were handed over to Nordmann, who published the species 
in 1832 as Brachiella malleus, with a short description but no figure. 
In 1877 Vogt published a more elaborate description, accompanied 
by excellent figures, and it has been noted by many subsequent 
investigators. The type of male however, which is admirably 
portrayed by Vogt, is very different from that belonging to the genus 
Brachiella, but is like Charopinus, and accordingly is transferred to 


this latter genus. ; 
CHAROPINUS DENTATUS (Wilson). 


Brachiella dentata Witson, 1912, p. 97, pl.9. 


Host and record of specimens.—Six lots of this species, numbering 
twenty to twenty-five specimens each, and including both sexes, 
were obtained by Rev. George W. Taylor, former director of the Pacific 
Coast Biological Station at Nanaimo, British Columbia. They were 
taken from the gill arches in the throat of the large skate, Raja 
binoculata, and the lots have received, respectively, Cat. Nos. 38636, 
38642, 38643, 38644, 39537, and 39540, US. N. M.; the first lot were 
made the types of the species. 

Remarks.—Both sexes of this species were fully described and 
figured in the paper referred to above, and at the time the manu- 
script was written they were referred to the genus Brachiella in con- 


No. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 655 


sequence of the structure of the second maxillae. A more careful 
study of both sexes and especially of the male, in the light of the 
differentiations here established, shows that the species belongs to 
the genus Charopinus and not to Brachiella, and it is here transferred, 
with the necessary change in the adjective (see pl. 26, fig. I). 

This and the two following species are the only ones thus far found 

in North American waters. 
CHAROPINUS DALMANNI (Retzius). 
Lernaea dalmanni Rerzrus, 1829, p. 109, pl. 6. 
Lernaeopoda dalmanni Krgyxr, 1837, p. 264, pl. 2, fig. 11; pl. 3, figs. 4a and 4b. 
Charopinus dalmanni Kroyer, 1863, p. 280, pl. 14, fig. 6, a to g.—T. Scorr, 1900, Dp: 

169, pl. 8, figs. 6 to 10. 

Host and record of specimens.—Two females with egg strings were 
obtained from the nostrils of a skate at Polperro in 1884, and were 
sent to the United States National Museum by Rev. A. M. Norman, 
of England. They were numbered 12909, U.'S.N.M. Another lot of | 
three females with egg strings was obtained from the nostrils of the 
barndoor skate, Raja levis, at South Harpswell, Maine, July, 1913, 
by the author. These have received Cat. No. 43575, U.S.N.M. 

Remarks.—The description and figures published by Retzius, 
although in many respects imperfect, leave no doubt as to the identity 
of the parasite. And when supplemented by the excellent work of 
Krgyer and T. Scott there is practically nothing to be added except 
a few comments upon the morphology, and one or two corrections. 
Turner and Wilson published, in 1862, an extended account of the 
present species, including observations on its larval form. Their 
figures are admirable, but whatever value their description may 
possess is greatly diminished by the fact that they mistook the ventral 
for the dorsal surface, and have not named correctly asingle appen- 
dage except the second antennae, whose nomenclature they borrowed 
from Krgyer. The ‘‘eyelike”’ spots noted by Retzius and Kroyer 
on either side of the thorax in front of the base of the second maxillae 
are doubtless the maxillary glands, which often appear in other genera 
of this family in the form of protuberances upon the external surface 
of the cephalothorax. During the migration forward of the maxil- 
lipeds and the migration backward of the second maxillae, these 
glands are sometimes drawn out of the maxillae into the body of the 
cephalothorax. Turner and Wilson describe what is evidently the 
body of the gland and the excretory duct leading from it. The pos- 
terior appendages are said by every investigator who has described 
the species to spring from the ventral surface of the body in front of 
the egg strings. But they are just as certainly dorsal as in ramosus 
and the other species of the genus. If the cephalothorax be straight- 
ened up into line with the rest of the body, the mouth parts are of 
course on the ventral surface, and the posterior appendages are just 


656 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47, 


as surely dorsal. The discovery of this species in the nostrils of the 
barndoor skate upon our own coast makes it necessary to include it 
in the North American fauna. 


CHAROPINUS BICAUDATUS (Kriyer). 
Plate 41, figs. 114 to 118; plate 42, figs. 119 and 120. 
Lernaeopoda bicaudata KrgyER, 1837, p. 275, pl. 3, fig. 11. 
Brachiella pastinacae P.J. VAN BENEDEN, 1851, p. 118, pl. 4, figs. 8, 9 —Kurz, 1877, p. 

389, pl. 25, figs. 2, 3. 

Brachiella pastinaca BAINBRIDGE, 1909, p. 50, pl. 8, figs. 6, 7; pl. 9, fig. 8—T. and A. 

Scott, 1913, p. 211, pl. 64, fig. 8. 

Host and record of specimens.—Hight females with egg strings were 
obtained from the spiracles of the common dogfish, Squalus acanthias, 
by Dr. F. D. Lambert at South Harpswell, Maine, July, 1912. They 
have received Cat. No. 43536, U.S.N.M. 

Specific characters of female——Cephalothorax short and wide, and 
inclined at an angle of 45° to the trunk axis;-a narrow dorsal cara- 
pace divided longitudinally through the center, the two halves 
resembling closely the elytra of beetles, and diagonally truncated 
anteriorly; trunk somewhat pear-shaped, narrowed into a long and 
slender neck anteriorly, swollen into a sphere posteriorly, and flat- 
tened dorso-ventrally; posterior processes cylindrical, plump, dorsal 
to the egg strings and half the length of the latter, and inclined back- 
ward; egg strings stout, cylindrical, and about the same length as 
the trunk; eggs in 8 longitudinal rows, about 18 eggs in the longest 
row. 

First antennae two-jointed, the basal joimt considerably swollen 
and armed on the anterior margin with a long and stout spime, the 
terminal joint narrower and tipped with two olfactory cylinders and 
a small spine; second antennae biramose, both rami unsegmented, 
the endopod considerably larger than the exopod, and both of them 
covered with small spines and bristles. Mandibles long and narrow, 
with four large principal teeth, two smaller secondary teeth, and two 
intermediary teeth. First maxillae tripartite, the outer ramus 
smaller than the other two, palp large and tipped with two setae. 
Second maxillae slender and cylindrical, two-fifths as long as the 
trunk and enlarged at the tip into a crescent or semicircle, at right 
angles to the axis of the maxilla. Maxillipeds with a stout basal 
joint, armed on the inner margin with two knobs covered with 
spines and a large solitary jointed spine; terminal claw slender, with 
an accessory claw at the tip on the inner margin. 

Color (preserved material), a uniform yellowish white. 

Cephalothorax, 2.20 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide. Trunk, 3.75 mm. 
long, 2 mm. wide, 1.60 mm. thick. Egg strings, 2.75 mm. long. 
Posterior processes, 1.10 mm. long. 

(bicaudatus, bis, two, and éaudatus, tailed, alluding to the pair of 
small posterior processes, looking like two tails.) 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 657 


Remarks.—This is the only parasite within the author’s knowledge 
that has ever been found upon the common dogfish along our North 
American coasts. Doctor Lambert has handled thousands of dogfish 
specimens for laboratory purposes, and this is the only instance in 
which any copepods have been found upon them. The species, 
therefore, can not be at all common; it may be readily distinguished 
by the divided carapace, the slender neck, usually flexed backward, 
and the plump posterior processes. 

This species was discovered by Kréyer in 1837 and was referred to 
the genus Lernaeopoda, but he placed a question mark after the genus 
name and said in the context: ‘‘There is some doubt as to whether 
this Lernaean should be referred to the genus Brachiella or Lernaeopoda, 
‘or whether it should be made the type of a new genus.”’ The species 
was afterwards described by Beneden under the name Brachiella 
pastinacae; it has since been noted by Kurz (1877), Brian (1906), 
Bainbridge (1909), and T. and A. Scott (1913), besides appearing in 
several lists. In some of these the specific name ended in a vowel, 
in others in a diphthong; it ended originally in a diphthong. That 
it really belongs in the genus Charopinus is clearly shown by the 
backward flexion of the cephalothorax, by the enlarged ends of the 
second maxillae, and by the structure of the first antennae and first 
maxillae. The description and figures given by Miss Bainbridge? 
(1909) are the best that have been thus far published; the following 
differences are noted in the present specimens. The first antennae 
have only two joints instead of four, and are exactly like those figured 
by Miss Bainbridge (pl. 9, fig. 8). The teeth on the mandibles corre- 
spond with those given by Miss Bainbridge, and are a trifle different 
from the ones figured by Kurz. There are no traces of the ‘‘pair of 
slender clawed appendages” at the sides of the mouth tube noted by 
Miss Bainbridge. It would be very difficult to understand what 
these would represent, if present. That they can not be ‘‘maxillary 
palps,” as suggested by Thomson for his Brachiella parkeri and 
quoted by Miss Bainbridge, is at once evident when we reflect that 
the maxillae already have well-developed palps. In examining a 
British specimen of Brachiella parkeri Miss Bainbridge failed to find 
the structures designated ‘‘maxillary palps” by Thomson, and in 
the specimens here described the present author fails to find the 
structures noted by Miss Bainbridge. It seems probable in both 
cases, therefore, that they were accidental rather than specific. 


Genus NAOBRANCHIA Hesse. 


Generic characters of female—Cephalothorax narrow and elongate 
and well separated from the trunk; a minute but distinct dorsal 
carapace on the head; trunk broad and well rounded anteriorly, 


1Miss May E. Bainbridge, now the Hon. Mrs. Henn Collins. 
34843°—Proc.N,M.vol.47—14——42 


658 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


much narrowed posteriorly, with a pair of ventral posterior processes; 
abdomen well differentiated and carrying anal laminae; egg strings 
extending in front of the oviduct as well as behind it, and inclosed in a 
membrane, strengthened by ribs. 

First antennae three-jointed; second antennae biramose, the 
exopod two-jointed, the endopod simple; first maxillae bipartite, 
without a palp; second maxillae in the form of bands, containing 
longitudinal muscles, which clasp around the gill filaments of the 
host; no bulla; maxillipeds of the usual pattern; a pair of spoon- 
shaped palps attached either to the second joint of the maxillipeds, or 
to the ventral surface of the head. 

Generic characters of male-—Cephalothorax and anterior trunk in 
the same line and indistinguishably fused, without any trace of 
segmentation, the two covered with a dorsal carapace; posterior 
trunk turned ventrally at right angles to the anterior portion, and 
projecting from beneath the posterior end of the carapace as a large 
process behind the second maxillae; anal laminae small, sometimes 
entirely lacking. First antennae three-jomted; second antennae 
biramose, the exopod jointed and chelate, the endopod simple; first 
maxillae bipartite, without a palp; second maxillae and maxillipeds 
removed some distance behind the other mouth parts, about the same 
size and armed with stout claws. 

Type.— Naobranchia cygniformis Hesse. 

(Naobranchia, vatw, inhabiting and Body ya, gills.) 

Remarks.—This genus is one of the most interesting in the entire 
family. The female can be recognized at once by the flattened 
muscle bands which serve for second maxillae, and by the fact that 
the egg strings are carried inside of a protecting membrane. The 
anterior part of the body of the male is similar to that of Thysanote; 
but the posterior body is bent sharply at a right angle and projects 
ventrally like an unpaired appendage behind the second maxillae. 
These characters will distinguish either sex at a glance, and since 
they are so totally different from all other genera it follows that an 
account of the internal as well as the external morphology of the 
genus ought to be interesting as well as instructive. From serial 
sections of Naobranchia lizae we learn that the mouth tube, as in 
most other genera, is the most anterior portion of the body. Through 
it runs the thread-like esophagus (oe, fig. 121), which is bent more 
sharply than in Achtheres and Clavella, and which extends a con- 
siderable distance behind the maxillipeds. It enters the stomach at 
the center of the anterior end, the entrance being surrounded by a 
rather weak sphincter muscle. The anterior portion of the stomach 
(s) is thrown into a series of fairly regular transverse folds by alter- 
nate constrictions and enlargements. When it reaches the bases of 
the second maxillae these folds abruptly cease without any change 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 659 


in the average diameter. This smooth posterior portion of the 
stomach passes insensibly into the intestine (¢) which is curved a 
trifle upward nearer to the dorsal surface of the body and opens at 
the anus (a). The cells of the glandular layer of the stomach and 
intestine are similar to those of other genera (figs. 123, 126, 133). 
The frontal gland (fg, fig. 122) is at the extreme anterior portion of 
the head and is proportionally very small. This genus is not per- 
manently fastened to its host by any bulla or frontal filament, and 
hence a much smaller gland is sufficient. The second maxillae are 
flattened into a thin ribbon and the maxillipeds are extremely 
minute. Hence, there are no excretory glands in either of them, 
but there is a pair of large glands in what may be called the shoulders 
of the trunk, opposite the bases of the second maxillae and above 
the tips of the egg strings (fig. 125). The infra- and supra-esopha- 
geal ganglia are exceptionally large, and there is not the disparity in 
size between them that was noted in Achtheres (ig, sg, fig. 122). 

Each ganglion shows the usual nerve connections with the various 
appendages, but the large posterior nerve (p), which runs back along 
the floor of the neck and trunk, is given off from the ventral surface 
of the infra-esophageal ganglion and not from its posterior end. 
The cement glands are in the posterior part of the body on either 
side of the intestine. The ovary and uterine processes of the ovi- 
ducts are arranged similarly to those of Achtheres. On examining 
cross sections of the second maxillae it is found that in the process of 
becoming flattened they have also undergone other changes. On 
the outer surface of the maxilla there is a thin layer of ordinary skin 
(s, fig. 124); immediately beneath this are the three bundles of 
muscles (m) symmetrically arranged, one at the center and one at 
a little distance toward each lateral margin. Each muscle runs 
along its own cylindrical tube and is distinct from the others, but 
the tubes are connected across the two intervals by open spaces (0) 
in which may be found a thin muscular ribbon. That portion of 
the maxilla on the inner side of the muscles is much thicker than the 
outer skin and has become solidified into a homogeneous mass in 
which there is no longer any distinction of dermis, epidermis, and 
subcutaneous tissue (n, fig. 121). This mass has every appearance 
of cartilage and takes a cartilage stain. On the contrary, the blunt 
claws at the tips of the maxillae take the eosin, but do not take the 
haematoxylin. 

TABLE OF SPECIES. 


1, Egg strings reaching forward nearly to the base of the second maxillae; abdomen 
reaching backward nearly to the tips of the egg strings. . lizae (Kr¢yer), 1863, p. 660. 
1. A long interval between the second maxillae and the egg strings; abdomen scarcely 
ronehinpytne center OL tne latter... cea. a en oneke es seices oceans ae eee 2. 

2. Cephalothorax much longer than the rest of the body and filiform. 
cygniformis Hesse, 1863. 


660 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


?.. Cephalothorax the same length as the rest of the body, thick and stocky. . s8 

3. Egg strings longer than the trunk and parallel..........- amplectens ( Kurz), 1877. 
3. Egg strings much shorter than the trunk and inclined toward each other. 

occidentalis, new species, p. 663. 


NAOBRANCHIA LIZAE (Kréyer). 
Plate 27, fig. J; plate 42, figs. 121 to 124; plate 43, figs. 125 to 132; plate 44, figs. 133 


to 135. 
Anchorella lizae Kr¢YER, 1863, p. 29, pl. 16, fig. 11 @ toe. 


Host and record of specimens.—Four adult and two young females 
and two males were obtained by Dr. Edwin Linton from the gills 
of the common mullet, Mugil cephalus, at Beaufort, North Carolina, 
July 10,1901. They are numbered 39611, U.S.N.M. Doctor Linton 
states that other specimens were found later the same year, and 
still others during the following years, so that it is fairly common 
on the mullet. 

Specific characters of female.—Cephalothorax eelinaeicell longer 
than the trunk and tapering gradually and uniformly; head excep- 
tionally small, neither enlarged nor separated from the neck and 
covered with a minute dorsal carapace; neck slender and separated 
from the trunk by a well defined dorsal groove and ridge; trunk 
rectangular, with rounded corners, three-fifths as wide as long, and 
strongly flattened dorso-ventrally; anterior portion of the trunk 
making up the full width, posterior portion much narrowed, with 
the rectangle filled out along the lateral margins by the egg strings. 
In young females the genital segment is well differentiated, some- 
what enlarged, with strongly convex sides, which are prolonged 
into a pair of stout conical posterior processes on a level with the 
ventral surface. To each of these processes is attached one end of 
the rib, which supports the membrane covering the egg string on 
that side. Inside of these processes there is a short and narrow 
one-jointed abdomen, to the posterior margin of which is attached 
a pair of minute conical anal laminae. In the adult female this 
abdomen is practically absorbed into the genital segment, the only 
indication of it being the anal laminae. The egg strings are pecul- 
iar in being turned forward along the lateral margins of the trunk 
and backward a little beyond the tips of the posterior processes. 
They are club-shaped, largest near the posterior ends and tapering 
rapidly anteriorly. They are a little more dorsal than ventral, 
especially at the posterior ends. They are covered and held securely 
in place by a transparent membrane, strengthened by a rib which 
runs along the center of the outer surface (fig. 127), turns dorsally 
at the posterior end, runs forward a little ways, and _ then turns 
inward to the dorsal surface of the trunk (fig. 132). The eggs are 
rather large and not arranged in rows, from 150 to 175 in each egg 
string. The two egg strings touch dorsally at their widened pos- 


ee 


xo. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 661 


terior ends, but are separated ventrally by the enlarged genital 
segment. 
First antennae short, slender, conical, the basal joint much 


enlarged, the two terminal joints narrowed; second antennae 


biramose and turned down squarely across the frontal margin, both 
rami one-jointed, the endopod (dorsal) half as long again as the 
exopod and bluntly rounded, the exopod with two short spines at 
the tip and a short, one-jointed process on the ventral surface. The 
mouth-tube is broadly conical and extends beyond the tips of the 
second antennae. The first maxillae are short, stout, bipartite, and 
destitute of a palp. The second maxillae are comparatively long 
and wide. Each is flattened into a broad band of cartilaginous sub- 
stance, manipulated by three longitudinal muscles. These bands 
pass entirely around the gill filament, and thus hold the parasite 
securely in place. The nature of these second maxillae has puzzled 
all the observers who have thus far described any species of this 
genus. Does each of the ribbonlike bands represent a separate 
maxilla? Or does the right half of both bands represent the right 
maxilla and the left half the left maxilla? If the former, does each 
maxilla extend around the filament from its own side, or do they 
both start from the same side? If the latter, how are the bands 
joined where they meet? In adult specimens these maxillae are so 
completely fastened that one can get no idea of the way in which 
they are formed. ) 

Fortunately, one of the specimens obtained at Beaufort was a 
young female in which the second maxillae were not yet fully devel- 
oped, and this specimen (fig. 128) answers our questions for us. 
Each band represents a separate maxilla, and the two are anterior 
and posterior instead of right and left. Furthermore, both bands 
started on the midline of the ventral surface of the cephalothorax 
and extended around the filament from the left to the right side of 
the parasite. Here on the right side and sunk into the surface of 
the cephalothorax are two sockets, into which the blunt claws on 
the tips of the maxillae fit. The claws and the sockets are gradually 
fused together, until in the adult they can no longer be separated. 
Each maxillae, therefore, corresponds to an ordinary maxilla flat- 
tened laterally. As these maxillae migrated toward the ventral 
midline the base of one moved a little forward and the base of the 
other a little backward, so bringing the two into line. From the 
arrangement of the claw on the tip of each maxilla it would seem 
as if there was no orientation during this migration. After the 
migration the maxillae extended around the filament, with the inner 
surface of the left hand one and the outer surface of the right hand 
one next to the filament. 


662 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


Maxillipeds with a short, triangular basal joint and a slender, 
curved, terminal claw, armed with a blunt spine on its inner margin 
near the center. Outside of and a little behind the maxillipeds, on 
the lateral margins of the head, are located the peculiar appendages 
noted by both Hesse and Kurz, but apparently overlooked by 
Krgyer in the present species. Each is ovate in outline, thin, convex 
outwardly and concave inwardly, and is attached by a narrow neck 
to the lateral margin of the head just behind the carapace. In the 
present species they are relatively so small and they lie so close to the 
surface of the head that they are easily overlooked (see p. 664). 

Color, a uniform white; eggs strings a faint pink or flesh color; 
alimentary canal a deep black, most conspicuous in the neck, where 
it appears as a broad black band with undulating margins; second 
maxillae yellowish (Doctor Linton’s manuscript notes). 

Total length, 8.4 mm. Length of cephalothorax, 3.4 mm.; of egg 
strings, 2.25 mm.; of trunk, 3 mm.; of second maxillae, 2.5 mm. 

Width of cephalothorax, 0.5 mm.; of trunk, 1.85 mm.; of second 
maxillae, 0.9 mm. 

Specific characters of male-—General form ovate, the head at the 
pointed end; cephalothorax and anterior trunk in the same line and 
covered with a dorsal carapace; posterior trunk at right angles to the 
rest of the body. First antennae slender and indistinctly three- 
jointed; second antennae biramose, the two rami about the same 
length, the endopod one-jointed and bluntly rounded, the exopod 
two-jointed and tipped with a short curved claw; mouth tube 
broadly conical and pointed ventrally, much longer than the antennae; 
first maxillae bipartite and without a palp, attached to the side of the 
mouth tube at about its center, with the tips of the setae projecting 
a little beyond the end; second maxillae and maxillipeds almost 
exactly alike, relatively large, with massive basal joints and short 
curved terminal claws; behind the second maxillae projects ventrally 
a broad conical genital process, somewhat corrugated at its tip. 

Color, a light yellow. | 

Total length, 0.26 mm. Greatest diameter, 0.13 mm. 

(lizae, from Kr¢yer’s specific name ( Mugil liza) of the host.) 

Remarks.—One specimen of this species was obtained by Kroyer 
from the gills of “‘ Mugil liza” (M. curema) near New Orleans, Louisi- 
ana, and was described and figured in his Bidrag till Kundskab om 
Snyltekrebsene. The specimen was a young female, 3 mm. in length 
and without egg strings, and he referred it to the genus Anchorella. 
But he added that if his view of the structure of the attachment 
apparatus was correct the species might properly be considered the 
type of a new genus. In the same year (1863) Hesse published! 
the description and figures of a new genus and species which he 


1 Ann. des Sci. Nat. (4), Zool., vol. 20, pp. 122 to 132, pl. 1, fig. 1, a-f. 


no. 2068. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 663 


named Naobranchia cygniformis. Krgyer’s specimen undoubtedly 
belonged to this same genus, and hence must be called Naobranchia 
lizae. In 1877 Kurz in his Studien der Lernaeopodiden! described 
a new genus and species which he designated Cestopoda amplectens. 
He was thoroughly familiar with Krgyer’s paper and made several 
quotations from it, and concluded that his specimens and Krgyer’s 
“certainly belong, if not to the same species, at least to the same 
genus.” He added that the data with reference to Krgyer’s species, 
which are necessary to enable us to tell whether the two are identical, 
are lacking. If he could have had the data here presented he would 
have seen at once that the two species are distinct. However, he 
seems to have entirely overlooked Hesse’s paper, and since Hesse’s 
species is a third one belonging to the same genus, the name which he 
gave to that genus must stand, and “‘ Cestopoda,” given by Kurz, 
becomes a synonym. The distinctive characteristics of the present 
species are the comparatively great width of the second maxillae, the 
elongation of the trunk, and the form and position of the egg strings. 
In the other species some of the eggs are carried in front of the 
opening of the oviduct, but the great majority are behind it, and the 
egg strings taper posteriorly; here only a few of the eggs are carried 
behind the opening, while the great majority are in front of it, and the 
egg strings taper anteriorly. The male also, which is here described 
for the first time, serves to distinguish the species. The large and 
prominent genital process is especially noteworthy, as well as the 
similarity in size and structure between the second maxillae and the 


maxillipeds. 
NAOBRANCHIA OCCIDENTALIS, new species. 


Plate 44, figs. 186 to 139. 


Host and record of specimens.—Five adult females and one male 
were obtained from the gills of the Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus, 
at Chignik Bay, Alaska, August 7, 1903, by the Bureau of Fisheries 
steamer Albatross during the Alaska salmon investigations. The 
best female has been selected as the type and numbered 43579, 
U.S.N.M. The remaining specimens with the male become paratypes 
and have been numbered 39567, U.S.N.M. 

Specific characters of female.—Cephalothorax about the same length 
as the trunk, much enlarged and wrinkled at the base, tapering toward 
the head, where it is considerably smoother; head not enlarged, but 
covered with a minute and smooth dorsal carapace; neck distinctly 
separated from the trunk by a deep dorsal groove and shallower ones 
on the sides; trunk triangular, much flattened dorso-ventrally, the 
posterior corners of the triangle projecting over the egg strings; pos- 
terior margin inclined on either side toward the genital segment; the 


1 Zeit. fur wiss. Zool., vol. 29, p. 407. 


664 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


latter clearly differentiated in young females, but in older adults 
absorbed into the trunk. 

First antennae indistinctly three-jointed, the basal joint enlarged; 
second antennae with a two-jointed exopod and a one-jointed en- 
dopod, the latter much longer than the former. 

Mouth tube a broad cone, overlapping the tips of the second an- 
tennae; first maxillae bipartite and rather stout, without a palp. 
Second maxillae narrow, but each maxilla with three longitudinal 
muscles, as in the preceding species. Maxillipeds with a broad tri- 
angular basal joint and a short terminal claw. Just behind the base 
of each maxilliped is a spoon-shaped appendage as large as the entire 
head and attached to the ventral surface of the head by a narrow 
base. In nearly all the preserved specimens these appendages pro- 
ject from the head like a pair of enormous ears, but in one speci- 
men they are turned forward and laid down over the mouth parts as 
though to protect them. Kurz says that in the live animal they pro- 
ject hardly at all. He calls them sucking disks and says that they 
have the same form and structure as the lunules in Caligus. He 
does not show such a structure, however, in the figure given, and 
certainly in the present and the preceding species they have nothing 
resembling that structure (see p. 662). When inflated and standing 
out sidewise, they cause the head to look something like a pawn- 
broker’s three-ball sign. 

Color (preserved material), yellowish-white. 

Total length (without egg strings), 8 mm. Length of cephalotho- 
rax, 4 mm.; of trunk, 4 mm.; of egg strings, 3.6 mm. Width of 
cephalothorax at base, 1.65 mm.; of trunk, 2.8 mm.; of egg strings, 
1.65 mm.; of second maxillae, 0.5 mm. 

Specific characters of male. —General form ovoid, head at the pointed 
end; cephalothorax and anterior trunk covered with a carapace, pos- 
terior trunk turned at right angles and terminating in a pair of anal 
laminae. First antennae indistinctly jointed; second antennae bira- 
mose and no longer than the first pair, endopod bluntly rounded, 
exopod two-jointed and ending in a minute chela; first maxillae bi- 
partite and without a palp; second maxillae longer than the maxilli- 
peds and projecting well from the ventral surface, with a slender 
terminal claw; genital process wide and long, its sides roughened by 
many ridges and grooves. 

Color, a grayish-white. 

Total length, 0.66 mm. Greatest width, 0.33 mm. 

(occidentalis, western, being the first species from the Pacific coast 
of North America.) 

Remarks.—The facts brought out in the description of these two 
species enable us to supplement and correct the interpretations of 
Kr¢yer, Hesse, and Kurz in the following particulars: 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 665 


The head is covered by a minute, but distinct, dorsal carapace. 
The second antennae are biramose, the exopod two-jointed, the en- 
dopod one-jointed. The first maxillae are bipartite and have no palp. 
The egg strings are attached, not at the proximal ends, but on one 
side, and to the trunk (genital segment) in front of the abdomen. 
The covering of the egg strings is a thin membrane, which is prob- 
ably elastic, but is not ‘ muscular.” 

The strange structures outside of and behind the maxillipeds seem 
at first sight anomalous, but Hesse describes and figures them in cyg- 
niformis as occurring on the second joint of the maxillipeds. 

In comparison with the other species it is doubtful whether they 
actually do occur on the maxillipeds; but however that may be, they 
are certainly closely connected with those organs and may possibly 
represent palps. They do not show the structure of sucking disks, 
as most of the authors would have us believe, either in surface view 
or in sections, and it is extremely doubtful if they ever function in 
that manner. The modified second maxillae are universally desig- 
nated as ‘‘muscle bands,” but when examined in sections they are 
found to be epithelial and cartilaginous rather than muscular. The 
muscles are in the form of three bundles of fibers running lengthwise 
of the bands, which probably represent the ordinary longitudinal 
muscles of the second maxillae. How this attachment apparatus is 
formed in the copepodid larva and how it is thrown around the gill 
filament of the host can not be determined until we obtain the devel- 
opment history of the larva. 


Genus CAULOXENUS Cope. 


Generic characters of female.—Cephalothorax stout, separated from 
the trunk by a deep constriction, like the waist of a wasp; trunk a 
stout, sacklike, unsegmented ovoid; no posterior processes, genital 
process, abdomen, or anal laminae; egg strings ovoid, shorter than 
the trunk; second maxillae elongate, fused through their entire 
length, tapering toward the distal end, where they are furnished 
with a broad, disklike bulla; these maxillae are attached at about 
the center of the cephalothorax and are folded back against the head. 
Male, unknown. 

Type.—Cauloxenus stygius Cope. 

(Cauloxenus, cavioc, a stem, and €evdc, a guest.) 

Remarks.—This genus contains but a single species which is para- 
sitic on the blind fish, Ambylopsis spelaeus De Kay. Both the host 
and the parasite were obtained by Professor Cope from Wyandotte 
Cave. The parasite was fastened to the inner edge of the upper lip 
of the fish, where it had to hold its body rigidly, by means of its pow- 
erful second maxillae, at an angle with the fish’s lip in order to keep 
itself from being eaten. Professor Cope has given in the American 


666 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


Naturalist (July, 1872, page 411), an account of the species followed 
by a diagnosis and accompanied by three text figures. The generic 
characters just given have been taken largely from his diagnosis, 
and, of course, apply equally well to the species. Neither his descrip- 
tion nor his figures give us any details of the appendages, and since 
the original specimens have been lost we are left with the above 
meager details. They appear sufficient, however, to guarantee the 
validity of the genus, and so it is retained with the hope that some- 
time other specimens may be obtained and the genus be more firmly 
established. 
Genus CLAVELLA Oken. 


Clavella OKEN, 1815. 

Schisturus (part) OKEN, 1815. 

Lernaecomyzon BLAINVILLE, 1822. 

Clavella CuviER, 1830. 

Anchorella NORDMANN, 1832.—Kr@yYeER, 1837. Not Anchoreila Cuvier, 1830. 

Generic characters of female-——Cephalothorax distinctly separated 
from the trunk, long, wormlike, and standing at an angle with the 
body axis, often in line with the second maxillae; trunk pear-shaped 
or ovoid, without posterior processes, abdomen, or anal laminae; an 
unpaired genital process often present, ventral to the anus and con- 
necting with the semen receptacle. 

First antennae three-jointed, arising from the ventral surface of 
the head between the second antennae and the proboscis; second 
antennae uniramose, turned inward toward each other across the 
frontal margin of the head, often meeting or even overlapping on the 
midline; first maxillae bipartite, with a palp; second maxillae entirely 
fused, usually very short, sometimes altogether lacking; maxillipeds 
stout, the terminal claw usually with an accessory claw on its mner 
margin. 

Generic characters of male——Cephalothorax and trunk folded to- 
gether ventrally and fused into an unsegmented ovoid, in which there 
is no distinction of parts; no dorsal carapace or anal laminae; first 
antennae two-jointed; second antennae uniramose and three-jointed; 
first maxillae bipartite, without a palp; second maxillae and max- 
illipeds close to the mouth-tube and strongly uncinate; all the ap- 
pendages pointing diagonally downward and forward. 

Type.—Clavella uncinaia (Miller). 

(Clavella, the diminutive of clava, a club.) 

Remarks—In his Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte (1815) Oken first 
proposed (p. 182) three genera for the Lernaeans, Phyllina, Schis- 
turus, and Lernaea. Under the second name he included 15 species 
which had been previously included in the genus Lernaea; among these 


no. 2068. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 667 


was Miiller’s Lernaca uncinata. But Rudolphi had used the name 
Schisturus in 1809 for a genus of worms, and perhaps Oken became 
aware of this. At all events he presented later in the same book 
(p. 357) a much better classification of the Lernaeans, which he 
divided into four genera, Azine, Clavella, Pennella, and Lernaea. For 
the second of these genera which was new to science he took as the 
type Clavella uncinata. | 

In 1822 Blainville, overlooking or neglecting Oken’s work, estab- 
lished (p. 438) a new genus which he called Lernaeomyzon, and of 
which he also made Miiller’s Lernaea uncinata the type. 

In 1830 Cuvier, in his Le Régne Animal, adopted Oken’s genus 
Clavella (vol. 3, p. 258) and included in it Miller’s two species wncinata 
and clavata. But he also established (p. 257) a new genus which he 
named Anchorella, and for which he gave the following diagnosis: 
‘‘Ne se fixe aux ouies que par une seule productio qui part du dessous 
du corps, et se derige en arriére.”’ He made Strém’s Lernaea adunca 
the type of this new genus, which, of course, he claimed to be gener- 
ically distinct from Oken’s Clavella. 

Kré¢yer in his Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift (1837) shuffled these genera 
in a very arbitrary and reckless manner. Under the Lernaeoda (vol. 
1, p. 193) he placed as the first genus, ‘‘1. Anchorella (Cuv., Clavella 
Oken, Lernaeomyzon Blainv.). Arter: Anch. uncinata Fabr. Anch. 
lagenula Guérm. Anch. microcephala Nordm.” 

As the seventh genus he placed ‘‘Clavella Oken, Arter: Cl. hip- 
poglossi Cuv. Cl.? clavata Mull.” (p. 195). He added in a footnote 
on the same page, ‘‘This genus was not included by Blainville, prob- 
ably in the belief that it was identical with Anchorella, because 
Miller’s LZ. uncinata, which Cuvier referred to the genus Clavella, 
really belongs to Anchorella; but this is not the case with CZ. hip- 
poglossi. Whether it may be with L. clavata I can not say definitely, 
since I have not seen it, and Miller’s description is unsatisfactory.” 
Kr¢gyer thus made Oken’s Clavella a synonym of Cuvier’s Anchorella, 
and then later established it as a distinct genus. He took the type- 
species of Clavella and made it the type of Anchorella, while he estab- 
lished as a new type for Clavella Guérin’s species hippoglosst. Milne 
Edwards and subsequent writers, until recently, have followed 
Kr¢gyer’s arrangement, wholly ignoring Cuvier’s generic distinction as 
well as the genera of Blaimville and Oken. 

The Lernaea adunca, which Cuvier made the type of the genus 
Anchorella, was described and figured by Strém in 1762, but has 
never been seen by any subsequent observer. So far as can be deter- 
mined from Strém’s description and figures the species is identical 
with uwncinata. If the two really are the same, Anchorella becomes 
a synonym of Clavella; if they are not identical, both genera are valid, 


668 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


but the genus Anchorella can not possibly include wneimata and its 
relatives, as has been the common usage. 

Synonyms.—To this illegitimate genus Anchorella has been referred 
indiscriminately a heterogeneous collection of more than 50 species, 
among which we must recognize at least three new genera. These 
species furnish one of the most convincing proofs that could be given 
of the lax methods adopted in dealing with the Lernaeopods. There 
are 16 species which are mere names, having never been either de- 
scribed or figured, one the data with reference to which do not justify 
us in locating it anywhere, 7 which can be located with probability, 
but not certainty, and 18 which must be transferred to other genera. 
This leaves only 17 out of the original 52, and to them are added 9 
others which are new to science. 

Anchorella carusi, characis, clava, crassa, elongata, lichiae, simplex 
subtilis, and tenwis were simply named in Richiardi’s ‘‘Catalogo 
sistematico dei Crostacel.”” Brian afterwards described (1906, p. 113) 
and figured (pl. 10, fig. 5) Richiardi’s characis, so that it can be 
definitely located in the genus Clavella, where he placed it. He also 
mentioned the other species, but without describing or figuring them. 

Anchorella adunca has been noted above. 

The following four species were described and figured by Kr¢yer 
(1863), Anchorella agilis (p. 300, pl. 16, fig. 2); A. angulata (p. 298, 
pl. 15, fig. 3); A. denticis (p. 296, pl. 16, fig. 4); A. pagells (p. 295, pl. 16, 
fig. 3). The last two appear in Brian’s ‘‘Copepodi parassiti dei pesci 
d'Italia,” but his additions to Kr¢yer’s descriptions consist of a few 
details with reference to the maxillipeds. 

We have no data on the mouth parts, the antennae, or the male of 
either of the four species. A. agilis has been found by several col- 
lectors off the coast of Greenland (see Stephensen, 1913, p. 339), but 
nothing has been added to Kr¢yer’s meager description. The four 
probably belong to Clavella, but there can be no certainty until these 
additional data are forthcoming. 

Anchorella (Lernaea) anomala was described and figured by Abild- 
gaard (1794, p. 57, pl. 6, fig. 2), who of course placed it in the genus 
Lernaea. Milne Edwards said of it: 


Le Lernea anomala d’Abildgaard parait appartenir aussi 4 ce genre [Anchorella], 
mais différerait de toutes les espéces précédentes par la longueur considérable de 
Vorgane d’adhésion, et par l’existence d’un renflement en forme de neud 4 1’ex- 
trémité antérieure du thorax (1840, p. 520). 

But of course this is not enough to identify the species and it also 
must await further details. 

Anchorella appendiculata and A. appendiculosa (Krdyer, 1863, 
pp. 305 and 306, pl. 16, figs. 6 and 7) were each founded on a single 
specimen and no others have ever been obtained. The details given 


no. 2068. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 669 


are sufficient to show that these species do not belong to the present 
genus. The four posterior processes, the second antennae, and the 
maxillipeds show a greater affinity with Brachiella than with Clavella, 
and accordingly the species are transferred to that genus. Krgyer 
claimed to have found a male of appendiculata, but put a question 
mark after the sex. So far as can be determined from his figures and 
description this ‘‘male’”’ was simply a piece of the skin of the host 
and was not even anything alive. 

Anchorella canthari Heller (1865, p. 242, pl. 24, fig. 6) almost cer- 
tainly belongs to the genus Clavella. Heller does not give very many 
details in his brief description, but the additional data and the 
excellent figures of T. and A. Scott (1913, p. 224, pl. 69, figs. 1 to 3) 
are sufficient to locate it accurately. 

Anchorella centrodonti van Beneden (1870, p. 43) was figured (pl. 2, 
fig. 5), but not described, and as far as the figure shows, appears to be 
a synonym of pagelli. 

Anchorella dilatata Kr¢yer (1863, p. 302, pl. 15, fig. 2) shows several 
exceptional characters, notably the biramose second antennae and 
the body lobes on either side of the abdomen. If the details be just 
as Krgyer has described them, it differs considerably from Clavella, 
but can not be established elsewhere on our present knowledge. 

Anchorella emarginata Krgyer (1837, p. 287, pl. 3, fig. 7) is here 
referred to the new genus Clavellisa (see p. 694). 

Anchorella fallax Heller (1865, p. 241, pl. 24, figs. 4 and 5) is here 
referred to the new genus Clavellopsis (see p. 687). 

Anchorella hostilis Heller (1865, p. 243, pl. 24, fig. 7) is certainly 
not a Clavella, and probably belongs to the genus Brachiella (see p. 702), 
but the male is needed for positive determination. 

Anchorella intermedia Quidor (1906, p. 29, pl. 3, figs. 37 to 44) has 
biramose second antennae and slender maxillipeds, not reinforced. 
The male also corresponds with that of the genus Clavellodes but 
differs markedly from a Clavella male. The species, therefore, 
should be placed in the new genus Clavellodes (see p. 690). 

Anchorella laciniata Kr¢yer (1863, p. 308, pl. 16, fig. 18) is here 
referred to the new genus Clavellopsis (see p- 687). 

Anchorella lagenula Guérin (1817, pl. 9, fig. 5) is a synonym for @. 
uneinata. 

Anchorella lizae Kréyer (1863, p. 294, pl. 16, fig. 11) belongs to the 
genus Naobranchia (see p. 660). 

Clavella macrotrachelus Brian (1906, p. 116, pl. 21, figs. 1 to 4) is not 
a Clavella, as is shown by the male, and is referred to the new genus 
Clavellodes (see p. 690). 

Anchorella microcephala was named by Nordmann (1832, p. 107), 
but was never described or figured. 


670 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


Clavella obesa Richiardi (1880, p. 152) was named but never de- 
scribed or figured. It probably belongs to the genus Hatschekia and 
not to Clavella. 

Anchorella ovalis Krgyer (1837, p. 289, pl. 3, fig. 6) belongs to the 
new genus Clavellisa (see p. 696). 

Anchorella paradoxa van Beneden (1851, p. 117, pl. 6, fig. 1) is here 
referred to the new genus Clavellopsis (see p. 687). 

Anchorella quadrata Bassett-Smith (1896, p. 15, pl. 4, fig. 5) is 
probably a Clavella and is retained in that genus, although it is very 
meagerly described. . 

Clavella robusta Wilson (1912, p. 96, pl. 8, figs. 73 to 78) has bira- 
mose second antennae and short posterior processes similar to those 
of Krgyer’s Anchorella laciniata. It can not, therefore, remain in 
the genus Clavella, but must be transferred to the new genus Clavel- 
lopsis (see p. 688). 

Anchorella rugosa Kréyer (1837, p. 284, pl. 3, fig. 14) is not a Cla- 
vella and is made the type of the new genus Clavellodes (see p. 690). 

Anchorella sargi Kurz (1877, p. 393, pl. 25, figs. 5, 6, 29, 51, 52) is 
also not a Clavella, and is transferred to the new genus Clavellopsis 
(see p. 687). 

Clavella sciaenae Brian (1906, p. 119, pl. 10, fig. 2; pl. 20, figs. 13, 
14) is probably identical with Heller’s Anchorella sciaenophila as 
Brian suggests. The presence of four posterior processes and the 
details of the antennae and mouth parts indicate that it should be 
transferred to the genus Brachiella. Here also the miale must 
finally decide where the species belongs. 

Anchorella sciaenophila Heller (1865, p. 248, ‘a 24, fig. 8) is here 
transferred to the genus Brachiella, as just stated (see p. 703). 

Anchorella scombri Kurz (1877, p. 403, pl. 25, figs. 12, 35, 41) is 
not a Clavella and is referred to the new genus Clavellisa (see p. 694). 

Anchorella stellata Krgyer (1888, p. 142, pl. 3, fig. 5) is probably a 
Clavella, and may be left there until further data can be obtained. 

Clavella strumosa Brian (1906, p. 112, pl. 9, figs. 4 to 7) is not a 
Clavella and is referred to the new genus Clavellopsis (see p. 687). 

Anchorella triglae Kurz (1877, p. 404, pl. 35, figs. 13 to 15) was first 
described by Claus as a Brachiella (see p. 702), and was transferred by 
Kurz to Anchorella. The male shows conclusively that it belongs 
where Claus placed it. 

Anchorella urolophi Krgyer (1863, p. 304, pl. 16, fig. 10) also pre- 
sents marked exceptions to the Clavella ‘characters. The second 
antennae are biramose, and there is a two-jointed abdomen with well- 
developed anal ees. These furnish serious reasons for exclud- 
ing it from the genus Clavella, but they do not tell us where it ought 
to be placed. 


NO 


. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 671 


TABLE OF SPECIES. 


1. Cephalothorax definitely longer than the trunk. ....................-------- ZF 
1. Cephalothorax about the same length as the trunk or shorter.............-.-. 8. 
2. Trunk as wide as, or wider than, long; base of neck somewhat differentiated from 


10. 


10. 


the rest of the thorax; cael maxillae lacking, bulla on the body; egg strings 
LOW PA MOAPOLER Pix. cette eS ilac sac wcecicciacem tis nee doe ce se ce een Boece nee 3: 


. Trunk as wide as, or wider than, long; base of neck not differentiated; second 


maxillae as long as the Cophalochenes egg strings short and stout.......... 4, 


. Trunk definitely longer than wide; base of neck not differentiated; second max- 


illae lacking, bulla on the body; egg strings long and tapering............. Ds 


. Genital process exceptionally large and prominent; maxillipeds small; head 


poluted: eeo strings Straieht. <2. c-.-2-ccesecbas-s perfida, new species, p. 672. 


. Genital process medium-sized; maxillipeds small; head swollen and bluntly 


rounded; each egg string curled until its ends nearly touch each other. 
characis (Richiardi), 1880, p. 668. 


. Second maxillae completely fused; neck smooth; genital process large. 


inversa Wilson, 1912, p 673. 


. Second maxillae separate at their bases; neck and arms very rough; genital proc- 


TISSATEN ST UT Payee Sahay Nia gk ST TS eee Ee ae ee pagrt (Kréyer), 1863. 


. Second maxillae separate at their tips; neck and arms smooth; genital process 


TACIT Ve A ed Bate ep gh aa ee stichaei (Krdyer), 1863. 


. Cephalothorax flexed back so tightly as to form a longitudinal groove on the 


dorsal body surface; head swollen; egg strings long and slender............ 6. 


. Cephalothorax not fumed back against the trunk; no dorsal groove; head not 


enlarved vere airings short ‘and stout... 50 cesses sss ace a eee ee ant aes a: 


. Second neat entirely lacking; trunk pear-shaped, much narrowed and 


wrinkled anteriorly; genital nD eTe minutes2sa2. 2 agilis (Krgyer), 1863, p. 668. 


. Second maxillae very short; trunk ovoid or ellipsoidal, smooth and plump; gen- 


bal MOrOCCRS GINMLOS Ge 62s oct tees Fates bergyltae (Krgyer), 1863. 


. Second maxillae entirely lacking; trunk oblong, no wrinkles; genital process one- 


third the leneth of the trumk.. 2272 eles eee tumida, new species, p. 674. 


. Second maxillae one-third the length of the cephalothorax; trunk ovoid, not 


wrinkled; genital process of medium size..... canaliculata, new species, p. 675. 


. Second maxillae entirely lacking; cephalothorax stout and wrinkled posteriorly; 


genital process of medium size .................... parva Wilson, 1912, p. 676. 


. Second maxillae entirely lacking; trunk nearly spherical; genital process minute, 


canthari (Heller), 1865, p. 669. 


. Second maxillae quarter as long as cephalothorax; trunk ellipsoidal, twice as 


long as wide; genital process wanting...........-- insolita, new species, p. 676. 


. Second maxillae half as long as cephalothorax; trunk ovoid, nearly three times 


as long as wide; genital process wanting..........-... levis, new species, p. 677. 


. Genital process lacking; second maxillae medium length..................-... 9. 
. Genital process present; second maxillae short, often lacking................ al 
. Trunk as wide as, or wider than, long; second maxillae partly or wholly sepa- 


TALOUaaereAmey. Seki S eis 2 ae cuit sper ex ee a ee aia, angulata (Kréyer), 1863, p. 668. 


. Trunk distinctly longer than wide; second maxillae completely fused for their 


SNUIRO MEN PG Ms artim Smee pe peice ea ero No Reet ates Rs eae ae 10. 


. Trunk ellipsoidal, twice as long as wide, and evenly rounded; bulla a large flat- 


tened disk with stellate perforations..........- . .stellata (Krdgyer), 1838, p. 670. 
Trunk ellipsoidal, twice as ie as wide, and evenly rounded; bulla minute 
ANGAPHeEEICAL So rK ss Socios ee Sines b eee ie gS pinguis, new species, p. 678. 
Trunk pear-shaped, three times as long as wide; second maxillae covered with 
BOM GS ee ete nse sipio® ss'sicis sd wsin'e sis oreisiseigis wei are te aquamnigaa, new species, p. 679, 


672 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47, 


11. Cephalothorax thick and stout; trunk nearly as wide as, or wider than, long. 12. 
11. Cephalothorax slender and linear; trunk considerably longer than wide...... 13. 
12. Genital process of extraordinary size, fully as large as one of the egg strings, 
quadrata (Bassett-Smith), 1896. 
12, Genital process one-quarter the length of the trunk; second maxillae completely 
fused; egg strings one-third longer than the trunk. 
uncinata (Miller), 1776, p. 680. 
12. Genital process a mere ridge, scarcely projecting; second maxillae completely 


fused; egg strings snorter than the trunk............. recta, new species, p. 684. 
12. Genital process one-eighth the length of the trunk; second maxillae separate, 
the base of each surrounded by a large wing................. alata Brian, 1906. 


12. Genital process one-eighth the length of the trunk; second maxillae entirely 
fused, without wings; head pointed forward, parallel with trunk axis. 

brevicollis (M. Edwards), 1840. 

13. Trunk ellipsoidal, smoothly rounded posteriorly; bulla an elongate club; egg 


strings narrow and tapered posteriorly................- pagelli (Krdyer), 1863. 
13. Trunk ellipsoidal, flattened, with a fleur-de-lis on the ventral posterior margin; 
egg strings narrow and cylindrical..............-... wina, new species, p. 685. 
13. Trunk ovoid, narrowed anteriorly, truncated posteriorly; egg strings thick 
ellipsoids:..2 o..cc0 sabe we'sl sum oeesenas ao eeeen case eee denticis (Krdyer), 1863. 
13. Trunk ellipsoidal, smoothly rounded posteriorly; bulla a sphere; egg strings 
long eylinder! 222" 5. 2 sa.tias- ahs aes dubia (T. and A. Scott), 1913. 


CLAVELLA PERFIDA, new species. 
Plate 45, figs. 140 to 143. 


Host and record of specumens.—An adult female with egg strings, 
and one attached male, and a young female with four attached males 
were obtained from the gills of an Alaskan pollack, Theragra chal- 
cogramma, September 27, 1906, from a depth of 52 fathoms in the 
northwest Pacific. The adult specimen is made the type of the spe- 
cies and numbered 43505, U.S.N.M. The younger female, with the 
attached males, is numbered 438589, U.S.N.M. 

Specific characters of female-——Cephalothorax much swollen and 
inflated, longer than the trunk and tapering gradually from the base 
to the tip, bent back dorsally against the trunk; head not enlarged, 
narrowed anteriorly; no dorsal carapace; base of neck with one or 
two constrictions, as though segmented; trunk much wider than 
long, convex ventrally, concave dorsally; genital process relatively 
large and prominent, on a level with the ventral surface; egg strings 
half as long again as the trunk, tapering slightly posteriorly; eggs 
arranged in 12 to 14 longitudinal rows, about 25 eggs in each row. 

First antennae indistinctly three-jointed, wholly inside the second 
pair, tipped with a tuft of small setae; second antennae uniramose, 
the terminal joints bent across the frontal margin and almost touch- 
ing at the midline; mouth tube reaching the posterior margin of 
these antennae, broad and stocky; first maxillae tripartite, with a 
small and poorly developed palp; second maxillae entirely lacking, 
the attachment bulla being fastened to the surface of the trunk at 


No. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 673 


the base of the neck; opposite this bulla are the maxillary glands in 
the form of a club-shaped projection on either side, pointing diago- 
nally outward and ventrally; maxillipeds with a triangular basal 
joint and a long and stout terminal claw, bent abruptly near the 
tip and armed there on the inner margin with an accessory spine. 

Color (preserved material), a uniform yellowish-white. 

Cephalothorax, 2.75 mm. long, 1 mm. wide. Trunk, 1.75 mm. 
long, including the genital process, 2.1 mm. wide. Egg strings, 3 
mm. long. 

Specific characters of male —General body form, egg-shaped, quite 
pointed at the smaller end and evenly rounded at the larger end; 
first antennae two-jointed, well supplied with setae; second antennae 
indistinctly three-jointed, with two short setae at the tip; these 
antennae reach about to the center of the mouth tube, which is broad 
at the base, proportionally long, and inclined at an angle of 45° 
with the body axis; first maxillae bipartite at the tip, with a third 
ramus on the inner margin; second maxillae and maxillipeds of the 
usual pattern. Just behind the second maxillae a drop of the cement 
substance, which forms the covering of the spermatophores, hag 
exuded from the genital orifice and hardened in the preservative. 

Color (preserved material), a uniform yellowish-white. 

Total length, including the mouth tube, 0.57 mm. Width, 0.33 mm. 

(perfidus, deceitful, alluding to the apparent segmentation at the 
base of the neck, the external maxillary glands, and the apparent 
genital process on the male.) 

Remarks.—The first two of the peculiarities just mentioned will 
serve to distinguish this species from all others of the genus, and 
as the Alaska fish become better known this parasite is likely to be 
found more abundantly. 


CLAVELLA INVERSA Wilson. 
Clavella inversa WiLson, 1913, p. 231, pl. 50. 


Host and record of specimens.—Six females with egg strings were 
obtained from the gills of the red-mouthed grunt, Bathystoma rimator 
July 18, 1910, at Montego Bay, Jamaica. The type-specimen was 
numbered 43513, U.S.N.M., while the paratypes were numbered 
42291, U.S.N.M. A single adult female was taken by Dr. Edwin 
Linton from the gills of a croaker, Micropodon undulatus, at Beau- 
fort, N. C., August 20, 1902. It is numbered 39610, U.S.N.M. 

Remarks.—The host of this species is abundant along the Atlantic 
coast of the Southern States, particularly the Carolinas, where it is 
one of the common food fishes. Probably, therefore, an examina- 
tion of these fishes in the markets or elsewhere would reveal a greater 
number of the parasites. The species may be recognized by the 
genital process, and by the distinctly undersized appearance of the 


34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——43 


674 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


body and egg strings when compared with the second maxillae and 


cephalothorax. 
CLAVELLA TUMIDA, new species. 


Plate 45, figs. 144 to 147; plate 46, fig. 148. 


Host and record of specomens.—A single female without egg strings, 
but with two attached males, was obtained from the gills of the tom- 
cod, Microgadus tomcod at Harpswell, on the Maine coast, July 17, 
1903. It of course becomes the type of the new species, and is num- 
bered 39592, U.S.N.M. 

Specific characters of female-—Cephalothorax swollen, slightly flat- 
tened dorso-ventrally, and flexed back against the dorsal surface 
of the trunk so tightly that it makes a groove along the median line 
of the latter. On either side of this groove the body rises into a 
ridge, which apparently increases the depth of the groove; head 
considerably swollen, and covered with a distinct dorsal carapace; 
trunk flattened dorso-ventrally, oblong, with rounded corners; 
ventral surface flat, with a well-defined central ridge of longitudinal 
muscles; dorsal surface with the two lateral ridges and the central 
groove as just stated; genital process relatively large, club-shaped, 
and attached on a level with the ventral surface. First antennae 
indistinctly three-jointed, the basal joimt considerably swollen and 
attached a long distance inside of the second antennae and close to 
the mouth tube. Second antennae uniramose, the basal joints much 
enlarged and stiffened with a chitin framework, the terminal joints 
turned inward at right angles across the frontal margin and almost 
touching at the midline. Mouth tube short, narrow at the base and 
tip, and swollen through the center; first maxillae tripartite at the’ 
tip, the outer ramus very rudimentary; palp also small and armed 
with a single seta. Second maxillae practically wanting, only form- 
ing a bowl-shaped depression in the base of the neck; bulla of medium 
size, and spherical, fastened to the bottom of the bowl by a short 
pedicel; maxillipeds small, with a swollen basal joint and a slender 
terminal claw, bent sharply close to the tip, and armed there on the 
inner margin with an accessory spine. 

Cephalothorax, 3 mm. long, 0.5 wide. Trunk, 2.5 mm. long, 
1.25 mm. wide. Genital process, 0.6 mm. long. 

Specific characters of the male-—Body somewhat egg-shaped, but 
considerably straightened along the ventral margin; mouth tube at 
the small end and projecting downward and forward at an angle of 
45° with the body axis; the two pairs of antennae removed a long 
distance from the anterior margin and close together; first pair three- 
jomted, the third jomt very narrow and more like a swollen seta; 
second pair with a short basal joint and one-jointed rami, the exopod 
shghtly longer than the endopod and both armed with minute spines; 


No. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 675 


mouth tube more than twice as long as the second antennae and 
very broad at the base; first maxillae bipartite and slender, without 
a palp; second maxillae much longer than the maxillipeds and rather 
slender, armed with fleshy blunt processes rather than with claws; 
maxulipeds with a swollen basal joint and a small and curved terminal 
claw, whose tip fits into a pocket on the basal joint. 

Color (preserved material), a uniform grayish-yellow. 

Total length, 0.39 mm. Greatest width, 0.30 mm. 

(tumidus, swollen, applying to the head and genital process of 
the female and the maxillipeds of the male.) 

Remarks.—This species is rare, for out of an examination of more 
than 100 fish the type-specimen was the only one obtained. 

It may be distinguished by its general swollen appearance, by the 
reentrant frontal margin of the head, and by the large genital process. 


CLAVELLA CANALICULATA, new species. 
Plate 46, figs. 149 to 151. 


Host and record of specimens.—A single female with egg strings 
and an attached male was obtained from the pectoral fin of the Cali- 
fornia tomcod, Microgadus proximus, at Yakutsk Bay, Alaska. 

It becomes the type of the new species, and has received the num- 
ber 39601, U.S.N.M. 

Specific characters of female——Cephalothorax slender, cylindrical, 
considerably longer than the trunk, and turned back against the 
dorsal surface of the latter; head and adjacent portion of the neck 
enlarged and squarely truncated anteriorly; no dorsal carapace; 
trunk elongate-ovate, somewhat flattened dorso-ventrally with a 
deep groove on the dorsal surface into which the cephalothorax fits, 
and a groove near the posterior end on either side, out of the bottom 
of which the oviduct opens; genital process of medium size, and 
inclined outward and backward; egg strings about the same length 
as the trunk and tapered posteriorly; eggs arranged in 8 longitudinal 
rows, about 20 eggs in a row. 

Second antennae uniramose, the terminal joints turned down across 
the frontal margin and meeting at the midline; second maxillae in 
line with the cephalothorax, about one-quarter the length of the 
latter, fused into a common cylinder for their entire length and some- 
what enlarged at the tip; bulla spherical and almost sessile; maxilli- 
peds placed far forward and covering the mouth tube, first antennae 
and first maxillae, basal joint stout, terminal claw slender, with an 
accessory claw on the inner margin near the tip. 

Cephalothorax 3 mm. long, 0.45 mm. wide. Trunk 2.5 mm. long, 
1.5 mm. wide, 1 mm. thick. Egg strings 2.55 mm. long, 0.625 mm. 
wide, 


676 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


Specific characters of male—Body egg-shaped, quite pointed 
anteriorly, no dorsal carapace; first antennae with a rudimentary 
endopod and indistinctly jointed; endopod of second antennae also 
rudimentary, exopod ending in two setae; mouth tube pointing 
forward in line with the body axis and about twice the length of 
the first antennae; first maxillae bipartite at the tip and without a 
palp; second maxillae long and narrow, contrasting strongly with 
the short and stocky maxillipeds. 

Color (preserved material), yellowish-white. 

Total length, 0.45 mm. Greatest width, 0.30 mm. 

(canaliculatus, grooved, alluding to the large groove down the 
center of the back, into which the cephalothorax fits.) 

Remarks.—The first antennae are partially, and the first maxillae 
are entirely, hidden by the maxillipeds in the female, and it was 
not considered advisable to mutilate the type-specimen for the sake 
of getting at the first maxillae. The species is sufficiently distin- 
guished by the deep dorsal groove and the wide and inclined genital 
process of the female. 


CLAVELLA PARVA Wilson. 


Clavella parva Witson, 1912, p. 95, pl. 8, figs. 66 to 72. 


Host and record of specimens.—Ten females with egg strings were 
obtained from the soft dorsal fin of the brown rockfish, Sebastodes 
auriculatus, at Nanaimo, British Columbia. Six of the specimens 
were selected as types of the species and numbered 39525, U.S.N.M. 

Remarks.—This species may be distinguished by its minute size, 
and by the form of the first maxillae, which are bipartite at the tip, 
each ramus ending in two setae, with a fifth seta on the outer margin; 
palp short and ending in two setae. 


CLAVELLA INSOLITA, new species. 
Plate 46, figs. 152 and 153. 


Host and record of specimens.—Two females with egg strings were 
obtained from the pectoral fin of Leptoblennius serpentinus, the 
snake blenny, at Woods Hole; Massachusetts, dredged from a depth 
of 41 fathoms. The largest female is made the species type and is 
numbered 39607, U.S.N.M. 

Specific characters of female——Cephalothorax in line with the sec- 
ond maxillae, slender, cylindrical, slightly swollen at the base and 
smooth; head not enlarged, squarely truncated anteriorly, and with- 
out a dorsal carapace; trunk ellipsoidal, one-third shorter than the 
cephalothorax, with a row of shallow transverse wrinkles along either 
side of the midline on the ventral surface; genital process partially 
separated inside the skin but not showing externally; egg strings 
ellipsoidal, a little shorter than the trunk; eggs large, arranged in 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 677 


8 longitudinal rows, about 10 or 12 eggs in a row. First antennae 
slender, indistinctly three-jointed, much swollen at the base, narrow 
at the tip, with but one or two setae; second antennae uniramose, 
with a slender, conical terminal joint, and a stout basal portion, 
reinforced with chitin ribs; mouth tube broad, but not projecting 
beyond the first maxillae; the latter bipartite at the tip, with a minute 
palp, bearing a single seta; second maxillae short, stout, and thor- 
oughly fused for their entire length; bulla minute and spherical; 
maxillipeds with a long and fairly stout basal joint and a slender 
terminal claw, without spines or accessory claws; these maxillae are 
removed behind the mouth tube so that they do not overlap the other 
mouth parts. 

Color (preserved material), dark cinnamon brown; egg strings red. 
Total length, excluding egg strings, 4.5 mm. Length of cephalo- 
thorax and second maxillae, 3 mm. Width, 0.5 mm. Trunk, 
2.1 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide. Egg strings, 1.6 mm. long; 0.5 mm. 
wide. 

(insolita, unusual, alluding to the absorption of the genital process 
into the trunk.) 

Male.—Unknown. 

Remarks.—The host of this parasite is very rare as far south as 
Cape Cod, which would account for the limited number of specimens 
and the fact that it has never been discovered before. 


CLAVELLA LEVIS, new species. 
Plate 47, figs. 154 and 155. 


Host and record of specimens. —Two females without ege strings 
were obtained from the pectoral fins of a ‘‘rare Brotulid” by tlic 
steamer Blake of the United States Coast Survey. The better of 
the two is made the species type with the number 43553, U.S.N.M. 
The other becomes a paratype, with the number originally given 
it, 6086, U.S.N.M. 

Specific characters of female.—Cephalothorax slender and cylindri- 
cal, a little longer than the trunk; head not enlarged, pointed ante- 
riorly, without a dorsal carapace; second maxillae in line with the 
cephalothorax and about half as long; trunk egg-shaped, about twice 
as long as wide and perfectly smooth, without ridges or processes of 
any kind. First antennae with the basal joint strongly swollen, the 
two terminal joints cylindrical, bent at an angle with the basal joint 
and tipped with two spines; second antennae uniramose, the joints 
diminishing rapidly in size from the base toward the tip. These 
antennae are not bent across the frontal margin as is usual, but are 
turned ventrally, the last joint bent inward and tipped with a tuft of 
setae. Mouth tube broadly conical, projecting a little beyond the 
anterior margin; first maxillae bipartite, with a small palp armed 


678 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 47. 


with a single seta; second maxillae fused entirely, but with the line 
of demarcation plainly visible; bulla relatively large and shaped like 
a wine glass; maxillipeds with a triangular basal joint and a slender 
curved terminal claw, with an accessory claw on its inner margin near 
the center. 

Color (preserved material), a rich reddish-brown. 

Cephalothorax, 3.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide. Trunk, 3 mm. long, 
1.35 mm. wide. Second maxillae, 1.25 mm. long. 

(levis, smooth, alluding particularly to the absence of all ridges 
and processes at the posterior end of the trunk.) 

Male.—Unknown. 

Remarks.—The Brotulid hosts are not obtained often enough to tell 
how common these parasites may be on them. ‘The species may be 
recognized by the smoothness of the posterior end of the trunk and 
by the peculiar form of the first and second antennae. The direction 
of the latter appendages ventrally instead of across the anterior margin 
is peculiar and is readily seen in a ventral view of the head. 


CLAVELLA PINGUIS, new species. 


Plate 47, figs. 156 to 161. 


Host and record of specimens.—Fifteen females with egg strings and 
two males were obtained from the pectoral fins of ‘‘ Lycodes brunneus”’ 
off the coast of New Jersey in the deep Atlantic. One female has 
been selected as the type of the new species and numbered 43594, 
U.S.N.M. The other specimens become paratypes and are numbered 
8352, U.S.N.M. A second lot was obtained from the pectoral fins 
of “ Lycodes, brown sp.,” taken in the deep Atlantic close to the 
previous lot. There are three females, one very young and only 1.5 
mm. in length; they are numbered 8351, U.S.N.M. 

A third lot, containing ten females, was obtained from the pectoral 
fins of Lycodes frigidus, caught in the deep water off the coast of Nova 
Scotia. They are numbered 39606, U.S.N.M. 

A fourth lot of two females was obtained from the same host off 
Nantucket Island and are numbered 43587, U.S.N.M. 

A single female was obtained from the pectoral fin of a species of 
Macrurus in the deep water south of Buzzards Bay, Rhode Island. 
It is numbered 6074, U.S.N.M. 

Specific characters of female—Cephalothorax slender, cylindrical, 
and slightly longer than the trunk; head not enlarged nor differ- 
entiated from the neck; no dorsal carapace; trunk elliptical in out- 
line, flattened dorso-ventrally, much longer than wide, without a 
genital process; external oviduct openings with deep grooves on both 
the dorsal and ventral surfaces; egg strings cylindrical, about the 
same length as the trunk; eggs small, in 8 or 10 longitudinal rows, 
about 25 or 30 in a row. 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 679 


First antennae short and very indistinctly jointed; second antennae 
uniramose, turned down across the frontal margin, with the tips 
meeting at the midline; mouth tube wide and with its tip overlapping 
the second antennae; first maxillae long and slender, tripartite, the 
outer ramus much shorter than the others; palp short and armed with 
a single seta; second maxillae short and completely fused, tapering 
rapidly toward the tip; bulla small and spherical; maxillipeds with a 
long basal joint and a slender terminal claw, curved at the tip and 
carrying an accessory claw on its inner margin. 

Color (preserved material), a deep brownish-yellow, eggs orange. 

Cephalothorax, 4 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide. Trunk, 3.5 mm. long, 
1.5 mm. wide, 1 mm. thick. Egg strings, 3.5 mm. long, 0.62 mm. 
thick. 

Specific characters of male.—Body egg-shaped, widest posteriorly; 
mouth tube long and pointed forward in line with the body axis; 
first antennae removed some distance from the dorsal margin and 
apparently only two-jointed; second antennae with one-jointed 
rami, both of which are armed with short processes rather than with 
spines; first maxillae long and slender and bipartite, without a palp; 
second maxillae and maxillipeds of the usual form. 

Color (preserved material), a grayish-yellow. 

Total length, 0.4 mm. Greatest width, 0.25 mm. 

(pinguis, smooth, sleek.) A 

Young female.—Cephalothorax folded back against the dorsal sur- 
face of the trunk and one-third longer than the latter; head con- 
siderably enlarged through the bases of the maxillipeds; second max- 
illae in line with the cephalothorax and one-third the length of the 
latter, from which they are separated by a well-defined groove; bulla 
spherical, on a long pedicel; trunk cylindrical, the same diameter 
throughout, and perfectly smooth, without grooves or processes. 

Remarks.—This species seems fairly common on the deep water 
forms of Lycodes. It may be distinguished by the long and narrow 
trunk, the absence of a genital process, and the deep grooves at the 
bases of the egg strings. 


CLAVELLA SQUAMIGERA, new species. 


Plate 48, figs. 162 to 166. 


Host and record of specimens.—An adult female without egg strings 
was obtained from the tail fin of Antimora viola, August 5, 1884, in 
the deep water of the Atlantic opposite Atlantic City, New Jersey. 

The cephalothorax of a second specimen was also obtained, but 
the trunk in some way was destroyed. The perfect specimen is 
made the species type and is numbered 39602, U.S.N.M. 


680 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


Specific characters of the female-——Cephalothorax longer than the 
trunk and very slender; head not enlarged but tapered strongly 
anteriorly; no dorsal carapace; trunk pear-shaped, somewhat flat- 
tened dorso-ventrally, narrowed into a short neck anteriorly where it 
joins the cephalothorax, and with two posterior knobs, one at the 
mouth of each oviduct; no genital process. 

First antennae poimting ventrally and apparently two-jointed, 
the terminal joint very small and tipped with three setae; second 
antennae uniramose, three-jointed, the two terminal joints turned 
down across the frontal margin and tapered to a point. The ante- 
rior margin of the head is so narrow and these antennae are so long 
that they overlap considerably at the midline. Mouth tube a 
broad cone, so short that it reaches only halfway to the second 
antennae; first maxillae bipartite at the tip, with a rudimentary 
palp, tipped with a single seta; second maxillae fused for their 
entire length, but with the line of demarcation plainly visible. 
Each maxilla is considerably swollen and bears at the tip and on the 
sides chitin scales, which point backward, away from the tip, and 
overlap one another like shingles. Bulla small, dark-colored, and 
club-shaped; maxillipeds with a narrow and elongate basal joint 
and a medium terminal claw, reenforced with an accessory spine on 
the inner margin near the center. 

Cephalothorax, 6 mm. long, 0.4 mm. wide. Trunk, 4.66 mm. 
long, 2 mm. wide, 1 mm. thick. 

(squamagera, squama, a scale, and gero, to bear, alluding to the 
remarkable scales on the second maxillae.) 

Remarks.—This species can be recognized at once by the scales 
on the second maxillae, smce nothing like them has been reported 
from any other species. They seem to increase both in size and in 
number with the age of the parasite. They bear some resemblance 
to the anchoring apparatus found on the heads of some of the Ler- 
naeidae. But in the present instance they do not even touch the 
skin of the host, to say nothing of being buried in its flesh, since 
there is a normally functioning bulla at the tips of these maxillae. 
Their use is decidedly problematical. 


CLAVELLA UNCINATA (Miiller). 
Plate 27, fig. M; plate 48, figs. 167 to 173; plate 49, figs. 174 to 176. 


Lernaea uncinata MULLER, 1776, p. 38, pl. 33, fig. 2. 
Schisturus uncinatus OKEN, 1815, p. 183. 

Clavella uncinata OKEN, 1815, p. 358. 

Lernaeomyzon uncinata BLAINVILLE, 1822, p. 438. 

Clavella uncinata Cuvier (Oken), 1830, p. 258. 

Ancorella uncinata NorDMANN, 1832, p. 102. 

Anchorella uncinata KrGyYER, 1837, p. 193, pl. 3, fig. 8, a to f. 


No. 20638. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 681 


Host and record of specimens.—The following list gives the hosts, 
localities, specimens, and numbers of the large collection of this 
species in the National Museum: 


Cat.No.| Males. | Females. Host. Locality. 


(VED) Bese ace 15 | Cod’s fins Woods Hole, Massachusetts. 
1445) |e Ge ia : 10 | Cod’s gills Woods Hole, Massachusetts. 
LAG 1) | octets acces 5 | Cod’s gills Woods Hole, Massachusetts. 
1.508) | PP 5 | Cod’s gills Woods Hole, Massachusetts. 

fi999) Seecaties: 6 | Cod’s gills Commander Islands. 

Nerd Oo One 2 | Cod’s gills. Sta. 2518, Steamer Albatross. 

GUIS ee aes. 4 | Cod’s gills Georges Banks. : 

7990 30 25 | Cod’s gills Marthas Vineyard. 

“hoe al Bais ae ee 1 | Cod’s gills Commander Islands. 

19935 [han eee st 3 | Cod’s gills Harpswell, Maine. 

MOOS |e Sere cteate 1 | Cod’s gills Harpswell, Maine. 

MOQ ery. hese 2 | Cod’s gills ‘Harpswell, Maine. 

MOI a reece 3 | Cod’s gills Harpswell, Maine. 

MOOT we te 2 | Cod’s gills Casco Bay, Maine. 

ESA Nate ei 4 | Cod’s gills Cornwall, England. 

SAME low 8s 20 | Cod’s gills Coxs Ledge, Maine. 

30 | Coa’s gills Woods Hole, Massachusetts. 
25 | Cod’s gills Woods Hole, Massachusetts. 
T5RCOMeS tins cee teens Woods Hole, Massachusetts. 
4] Gadus macrocephalus ....... Chignik Bay, Alaska. 
SP EOUaCkS ils ta an een Casco Bay, Maine. 
TO) PROUACKS cTllsh ees nn tonnes oop Deen ci Casco Bay, Maine. 
SUOSOH Benet pee 3| Pollachiwm carbonarium . 2... )...2.25222... Gloucester, Massachusetts. 
39590) |e seh icicein a. LOBE NOM OSES ere iach oy inch cee een: No locality. 
BIO0SI loeren eee PalECod smnouthana- cme teen ea te arenes Woods Hole, Massachusetts. 
BOSOS! | ae Ales oi Sn VOCk Codes) pillsS2< 9. 4 setoenic on a etaeee Harpswell, Maine. 
SOOO ee seas DIRCOGIS INS teat eee ee eee Cee ae Woods Hole, Massachusetts. 
39605 [hy 5 Bags Gulp Codisieillsis: sre oe eye ua aerate yee Brunswick, Maine. 
SOTO eae eee SHI MCOG Salish fae ease) ean CV eS eer cane Harpswell, Maine. 
Saal [ae Seen Ma RCo simouths ent eae a ae ee eee Steamer Albatross. 
A230 DIL eee es SUE COGES MTS sented teen ey nae ahs Mate eer Casco Bay, Maine. 
CDABUN le neeesaaad DTN OSTSe. aes che toe etn, ay as alton arene No locality. 

42334 2 Sui GCodisiaillsvar testes sar ence oan pn nat WoodsHole, Massachusetts. 

ASSIS) |i Si sees aes OULGAdUsimacrocephalus cen een sene eee Atka, Alaska. 2 

43516 5 ZO COMPS STISI ae sree mee ae tet Meer es Hea ad Casco Bay, Maine. 


Lot No. 7990 was remarkable for the fact that nearly every female 
had at least one attached male and a few had as many as three or 
four, usually fastened to the sexual process, sometimes to the neck, 
and in one instance to the egg string. The specimens in the two lots 
from the Pacific cod are similar in all respects to those from the 
Atlantic, but average larger in size. 

Specific characters of female.—Cephalothorax cylindrical, the same 
diameter throughout, and a little longer than the trunk; head not 
enlarged nor narrowed, but squarely truncated anteriorly; no dorsal 
carapace; cephalothorax in line with the second maxillae and both 
attached to the extreme anterior end of the trunk; the latter more 
or less quadrilateral, with rounded corners, flattened dorso-ventrally 
and somewhat reentrant at the center posteriorly; genital process on 
a level with the ventral surface and minute; egg strings cylindrical 
shghtly tapering posteriorly, and varying from one to two and a half 
times the length of the trunk; eggs arranged in 10 or 12 longitudinal 
rows, from 15 to 35 in a row. 

First antennae indistinctly three-jointed, tipped with two short 
setae, and close to the base of the mouth tube; second antennae uni- 
ramose, the basal joints lying along the sides of the head and sup- 
ported by strong chitin ribs, the terminal joints bent squarely across 


682 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


the frontal margin, their tips just touching on the midline, their pos- 
terior margins in contact with the anterior ends of the maxillipeds. 
These terminal joints are also strengthened by stout chitin ribs, and 
their bluntly rounded tips are roughened by short spines. Mouth 
tube very short and narrow, actually withdrawn behind the ends of 
the maxillipeds; mandibles with a slender neck, a widened blade, and 
five or six large, sharply pointed and curved teeth; first maxillae 
short and slender, bipartite, the palp extremely rudimentary. 

Second maxillae short, thoroughly fused, and furnished with a 
medium-sized spherical bulla; maxillipeds pushed forward until they 
completely overlap the mouth tube, first antennae and maxillae. 
They are rather small with a stout basal joint and a slender, curved 
terminal claw, which is twisted so that it shuts down on the dorsal 
surface of the basal joint, and is wholly invisible in ventral view. 

Color, a uniform orange yellow, lighter in living specimens, much 
deepened and darkened on preservation in alcohol, especially the 
chitin framework of the second antennae. 

Specific characters of male.—General body form ovoid, the head at 
the pointed end; cephalothorax folded ventrally against the trunk 
and the two indistinguishably fused, with no recognition of parts, 
no segmentation, no anal laminae, and no dorsal carapace. 

First antennae two-jointed and tipped with two minute setae; 
second antennae with a long, three-jointed exopod, tipped with two 
or three short setae, and a rudimentary endopod, unarmed; mouth 
tube large and long, conical, projecting its entire length in front of 
the thorax; mandibles similar to those of the female; first maxillae 
narrow and slender, bipartite, ending in two long acuminate setae, 
the palp with a single seta; second maxillae long and narrow, pro- 
jecting some distance beyond the maxillipeds, and armed with a 
short and slender claw; maxillipeds with a stout, triangular basal 
joint and a short and stout claw; the surface of the basal joint on 
the inner surface is raised up in a semicircular ridge, which forms a 
sheath, into which the tip of the claw fits when it is closed; between 
the maxillipeds on the median line is a short rounded process, similar 
to that noted by van Beneden in the male of Brachiella, and by Kane 
in the male of Lernaeopoda. 

Color, a uniform yellowish-white. 

Total length, 0.5 mm. Greatest width, 0.32 mm. 

(uneinata, furnished with claws, alluding to the maxillipeds which 
had not been found on other Lernaeans). 

Copepodid larva.—A single finely preserved specimen was found 
among a lot of adult males and females taken from the gills of a 
flounder. General body form similar to that of Cyclops; carapace a 
fusion of the first thorax segment with the head, ovate in shape, 
three-fifths of the entire length, with the anterior and posterior mar- 


No, 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILASON. 683 


gins almost squarely truncated; posterior body made up of four seg- 
ments of the same width, but the first and third are considerably 
shorter than the second and fourth (fig. 13, p. 593). 

First antennae attached to the anterior corners of the carapace on 
the dorsal surface, three-jointed, the terminal joint as long as the 
basal ones. These antennae are turned back and approximated close 
to the sides of the carapace; the basal joint is armed with a single 
small spine, the terminal joint ends in a tuft of six spines, unequal 
in. length. The second antennae project diagonally forward from 
beneath the bases of the first pair; they are two-jointed, the terminal 
joint being a stout acuminate claw, bent into a half circle and armed 
at its base on the ventral surface with a short spine. The mouth 
tube is cylindrical, of the same diameter throughout, and bluntly 
rounded at the tip. The mandibles are included in the tube and reach 
to its tip; they are slender, slightly enlarged at both ends, and fur- 
nished with a dozen small saw teeth, all about the same size. 

Inside the base of the mandibles can be seen the tips of the new 
pair which are to appear at the next molt. 

The first maxillae are attached to the ventral surface of the head, 
outside of and close to the base of the mouth tube. Each is com- 
posed of two rami of the same length, the exopod being stout and 
conical and ending in a single spine, the endopod slender and cylin- 
drical and ending in two long equal spines (fig. 14, p. 594). 

The second maxillae are two-jointed, the basal joint longer and 
stouter than the terminal joint; they end in a blunt claw which is 
bent strongly near the base. The maxillipeds are longer and more 
slender than the second maxillae, the basal joint much stouter than 
the terminal; the latter ends in a slender, acuminate claw, only 
slightly bent, with a small spime on the ventral surface at its base. 
Both pairs of legs are biramase, the rami one-jointed; the basal joints 
carry a long threadlike spine on the outer margin; the exopods are 
armed with two long and two short spines on the outer margin, the 
latter fringed with fine teeth, and four plumose setae at the tip; the 
endopods have a single small spine at the outer distal corner and six 
plumose setae, one of which is removed from the other five and ap- 
pears on the inner margin close to the base. 

Remarks.—This is the oldest species, and therefore an appropriate 
type of the genus. Its history has already been given under the 
genus remarks (see p. 667). It isso common that it has been at least 
mentioned by almost everyone who has dealt with the parasitic 
copepods. And yet it is surprising to find that it has never been 
described in any detail, while the best figures that have been pub- 
lished are either too small to show the detail (Krgyer, 1837), are 
taken at such an angle as to give a poor idea of the real structure 
(Vogt, 1877), or are buried in a general treatise (Claus, 1861) 


684 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47, 


whence it is difficult to extract those that belong to any definite 
species. The same is found to be true of the male; Vogt copied 
Nordmann’s and Kr¢yer’s figures which gave incorrect details, and in 
the enlarged figure which he himself added (1877, pl. 4, fig. 4) he 
made some serious blunders which have remained uncorrected up 
to the present time. This is the only detailed figure of the male 
which has ever been published, and yet in it the ‘first antenna”’ 
has no real existence, the ‘‘second antenna”’ is really the first one, 
and the ‘‘palp” is the second antenna, while he failed to see the first 
maxillae at all. He did see them in his figure of the mouth parts of 
the female (fig. 7), but he called them there the ‘‘ palp,’’ which would 
make them correspond in his judgment with the second antennae of 


the male. 
CLAVELLA RECTA, new species. 


Plate 50, figs. 183 and 184. 


Host and record of specimens.—Seven females with egg strings 
were obtained from the dorsal and caudal fins of Sebastodes melanops, 
locally known as “‘black bass,’’ at Sitka, Alaska, July 28, 1903. 

The largest and best preserved specimen has been selected as the 
type of the species and has received the number 43519, U.S.N.M. 
The others become paratypes, with the number 38593, U.S.N.M. 

Specific characters of female-—Cephalothorax thick, cylindrical, 
somewhat longer than the trunk; head not enlarged, nor covered 
with a dorsal carapace, but pointed anteriorly; trunk subquadri- 
lateral in outline, with rounded corners and convex dorsal and 
ventral surfaces; genital process a ridge or lump not projecting 
much, bordered by a similar ridge on either side, the two side ones 
meeting at a point in front of (ventral to) the median one; egg 
strings ellipsoidal, about the length of the trunk; eggs arranged in 
10 or 12 longitudinal rows, about 15 eggs in each row. 

First antennae indistinctly three-jointed and sparsely armed with 
setae; second antennae uniramose and straight, not bent across the 
frontal margin. The antennae themselves taper strongly toward the 
tip and the lateral margins of the head approach each other ante- 
riorly, so that the ends of these antennae almost meet on the midline, 
but there is no bend in them. 

First maxillae bipartite, with a simple palp armed with a single 
seta; second maxillae very short, entirely fused, but with the line of 
demarcation clearly indicated; they are not in line with the cephal- 
othorax but are parallel with the trunk axis; bulla minute, spherical, 
dark-colored; maxillipeds with a rather long basal joint and a slender 
terminal claw, which is reinforced by an accessory claw on its inner 
margin near the tip. These maxillipeds are relatively small and are 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 685 


pressed closely to the ventral surface of the head, so that it is difficult 
to distinguish them, even in a side view. 

Male.—Unknown. 

Color (preserved material), a uniform grayish-yellow. Cephalo- 
thorax, 3 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide. Trunk, 2.25 mm. long, 2 mm. 
wide. Egg strings, 2 mm. long, 0.90 mm. wide. 

(rectus, straight, alluding to the second antennae.) 

Remarks.—The pointed head, the straight second antennae, and 
the tiny maxillipeds serve to distinguish this species from those pre- 
viously described. It adds one more to those obtained on fish from 


the Pacific coast. 
CLAVELLA IRINA, new species. 


Plate 49, figs. 177 to 181. 


Host and record of specimens.—Two adult females with egg strings 
and an attached male were taken from the gill cavity of the Pacific 
cod, Gadus macrocephalus, at Chignik Bay, Alaska, August 7, 1903, 
by Dr. Harold Heath. The more perfect one is made the type of 
the species and is numbered 43568, U.S.N.M. The other female 
becomes a paratype and is numbered 39570, U.S.N.M. 

Speerfic characters of female.—Cephalothorax slender and cylin- 
drical, the same diameter throughout and longer than the trunk; no 
dorsal carapace; trunk oblong, flattened dorso-ventrally, with 
rounded corners; genital process on a level with the ventral surface, 
ellipsoidal, flanked on either side at its base with a curved process, 
the three together forming a conventional fleur-de-lis; egg strings 
cylindrical, tapering posteriorly, the same length as the trunk; eggs 
in 6 longitudinal rows, about 40 in a row. 

First antennae indistinctly three-jointed, thick at the base and 
tapering, with three short terminal setae; second antennae uniramose, 
with a long and stout basal joint and a short terminal joint bent 
across the anterior margin, but not at a right angle. 

The tips of these antennae do not quite meet on the midline and 
are roughened with minute spines. Mouth tube relatively much 
larger than in wncinaia, and projecting beyond the second antennae; 
first maxillae bipartite, with a small palp bearing a single seta. 
Second maxillae not in line with the cephalothorax but parallel with 
the axis of the trunk, short, tapering, completely fused, but with the 
line of demarcation plainly visible; bulla small, club-shaped. Max- 
illipeds with a moderately swollen basal joint and a slender, curved 
terminal claw, carrying an accessory claw on its inner margin near 
the tip. These maxillipeds are close to the mouth tube as in un- 
cinata, but they do not cover the mouth parts quite so completely. 

Color (preserved material), a uniform yellowish-white. 


686 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


ical ch AR VSR NM Ri Nata a Se as 

Cephalothorax, 7 mm., long, 0.85 mm. wide. Trunk, 6.40 mm. 
long, 3 mm. wide, 2 mm. thick. Second maxillae, 1.6 mm. long. 
Egg strings, 8 mm. long. 

Specific characters of male.—Body egg-shaped, more pointed 
anteriorly than that of wncinata and not as evenly rounded poste- 
riorly, with the result that the thickest part of the egg comes, not 
through the bases of the second maxillae as in wncinata, but a con- 
siderable distance behind them; no dorsal carapace; mouth tube 
almost in line with the trunk axis and projecting its entire length in 
front of the anterior margin. First antennae three-jointed, with 
two terminal setae; second antennae with a long basal joint, a short 
exopod indistinctly jointed and tipped with two tiny spines, and a 
rudimentary endopod; first maxillae slender, bipartite, with a small 
palp carrying a single seta; second maxillae long and slender, with 
a small but powerful terminal claw; maxillipeds with a stout basal 
joint and a slender terminal claw, both appendages relatively smaller 
than in wncinata. 

Color (preserved material), a dark yellowish-white. 

(irinus, belonging to an iris flower, alluding to the fleur-de-lis 
pattern at the posterior end of the trunk.) 

Remarks. —This species is quite different from uncinata, and may 
be recognized by its large size, by the fleur-de-lis pattern at the 
posterior end of the trunk and.by the shape of the maxillipeds. It 
is evidently not a very common species. 


CLAVELLOPSIS, new genus. 


Generic characters of female—General body form short, thick, and 
squat; cephalothorax distinctly separated from the rest of the body 
but much shorter and thicker than in Clavella; trunk inflated, often 
wider than long; genital process present and sometimes posterior 
processes, but no abdomen or anal laminae. 

First antennae four-jointed, situated as in Clavella; second anten- 
nae biramose, the endopod (dorsal) one-jointed, the exopod (ventral) 
distinctly two-jointed and often tipped with a spine or olfactory 
cylinder; first maxillae bipartite, the palp usually with two setae; 
second maxillae with broad and winglike folds of skin at the base of 
the pedicel of the bulla; maxillipeds stout, the terminal claw usually 
reinforced by an accessory claw. 

Generic characters of male—Cephalothorax and trunk at right 
angles, the latter a semiellipsoid, strongly arched dorsally and 
flattened ventrally, with no distinction of parts and no dorsal cara- 
pace. First antennae three-jointed; second antennae biramose, each 
ramus unsegmented; mouth tube extending ventrally at right angles 
to the long diameter of the ellipse; first maxillae tripartite, without 
a palp; maxillipeds at about the center of the ventral surface; second 


No. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 687 


maxillae posterior to them and pointing somewhat backward; no 
anal laminae. 

Type.—Clavellopsis (Anchorella) laciniata (Kr¢yer). 

(Clavellopsis, Clavella and é¢cc, appearance, likeness.) 

Remarks.—The species which go to make up this new genus have 
heretofore been referred to the genus Clavella. But although their 
outward appearance is like that of Clavella there are certain details 
of structure which do not allow them to be included in that genus. 
The chief points of distinction are to be found in the four-jointed 
first antennae, the biramose second antennae, and the reinforced 
second maxillae of the female and in the general form of the male, 
together with the structure of the two pairs of antennae and the 


first maxillae. 
TABLE OF SPECIES. 


1, Cephalothorax distinctly longer than the trunk. ...... 2.2. 22-.6..2.5¢2<2-002- Ze 
. Cephalothorax the same length as, or shorter than, the trunk...........-....-- 4, 
2. Six posterior processes present; second maxillae entirely lacking, bulla attached 
to the surface of the trunk; egg strings half the length of the trunk. 

lacinvata (Krdyer), 1863, p. 687. 
2. No posterior processes; second maxillae present. ........-.....222.20s02220-0 ae 

3. Neck and second maxillae swollen and much wrinkled; genital process minute. 
fallax (Heller), 1865, p. 669. 
3. Neck and second maxillae swollen but smooth; genital process cylindrical and one- 
third the length of the trunk; egg strings short and stout...... sargi (Kurz), 1877. 
. Two to six posterior processes; cephalothorax and trunk thick and swollen. .... 5. 
. No posterior processes; cephalothorax swollen only at the base..........-...--- 6. 
. Cephalothorax flexed forward; genital process minute. robusta (Wilson), 1912, p. 688. 
. Cephalothorax flexed backward ; genital process large. . paradoxa (van Beneden), 1851. 
. Trunk spherical, flattened, nearly as wide as long; head with a dorsal carapace. 
strumosa (Brian), 1906. 

6. Trunk cylindrical, flattened, six times as long as wide; no dorsal carapace. 

producta, new species, p. 688. 


CLAVELLOPSIS LACINIATA (Kréyer). 


Anchorella laciniata Kroyer, 1863, p. 308, pl. 16, fig. 8, a and b. 
Clavella laciniata Winson, 1913, p. 259, pl. 49. 


— 


oO oct ® 


Host and record of specumens.—Five females and two males were 
found attached to the skin in the roof of the mouth of the doctor fish, 
Teuthis hepatus, at Montego Bay, Jamaica. They have received 
Cat. No. 42310, U.S.N.M. 

Remarks.—The female of this species was briefly described by 
Kr¢yer in 1863, and was not seen again until the summer of 1910, 
when both sexes were obtained by the present author in Jamaica, 
and were fully described and figured in the reference given above. 

The species was then referred to the genus Clavella, but further 
study compels its separation and establishment as a distinct genus. 
And since this is one of the oldest and best known species it is made 
the genus type (see pl. 27, fig. K). 


688 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


CLAVELLOPSIS ROBUSTA (Wilson). 
Plate 49, fig. 182. 
Clavella robusta W1tson, 1912, p. 96, pl. 8, figs. 73 to 78. 


Host and record of specumens.—A single lot of six females with egg 
strings was taken from the gill cavity of the brown rockfish, Sebas- 
todes auriculatus, at Nanaimo, British Columbia. The species types 
are in the collection of the National Museum and are numbered 
39331, U.S.N.M. 

Remarks.—This species was fully described and figured in the 
reference above given. It was then placed in the genus Clavella, but 
according to the new standards here established it must be transferred 
to the genus Clavellopsis, because its second antennae are biramose, 
with a two-jointed exopod, and there are very short posterior proc- 
esses, similar to those in laciniata. 

There is need of the male of this species before the systematic 
position can be finally determined. 


CLAVELLOPSIS PRODUCTA, new species. 
Plate 50, figs. 185 and 186. 


Host and record of specumens.—Two females without egg strings 
were obtained by the Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross from the 
anal fin of Nematonurus gooder (Giinther), July 21, 1884, in the deep 
Atlantic opposite Chesapeake Bay. One of these was badly injured 
when obtained; the other is made the type of the new species and is 
numbered 43524, U.S.N.M. 

Specific characters of the female—Cephalothorax in line with the 
second maxillae, smooth, slender, and considerably shorter than the 
trunk; head not enlarged, pomted anteriorly; no dorsal carapace; 
trunk much elongated, slender, smooth, slightly enlarged at the 
posterior end and smoothly rounded without ridges or processes of 
any sort. First antennae indistinctly jointed, with an enlarged base; 
second antennae biramose, the exopod short, one-joimted, and 
bluntly rounded, the endopod longer, two-jointed, and tipped with a 
short conical spme; mouth-tube broadly conical, projecting in front 
of the anterior margin, but not as far as the second antennae; first 
maxillae bipartite, the palp small and armed with a single seta; 
second maxillae much swollen, transversely wrinkled, and fused 
throughout their length, but with the -demarcation plainly visible; 
bulla small, black, and conical, with a broad, wing-like fold of skin 
around its base; maxillipeds with a rather stout basal joint and a — 
slender claw, curved near the tip, and with a notch and tooth on its 
inner margin near the center. 

Color (preserved material), a dark cinnamon brown. 

Cephalothorax and second maxillae, 8.40 mm. long, 0.60 mm. wide. 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 689 


Trunk, 9 mm. long, 1.50 mm. wide near the center. 

(elongata, elongate in its general proportions.) 

Remarks.—This species is apparently quite rare, but we must 
remember that very few of the fish which serve as its host have ever 
been examined for parasites. It can be at once distinguished from 
other species by the narrow and elongate cephalothorax and trunk. 


CLAVELLODES, new genus. 


Generic characters of female.—Parasites of medium size (8 mm.); 
cephalothorax distinctly separated from and much larger than the 
trunk, and reflexed against the dorsal surface of the latter; head 
somewhat enlarged and separated from the neck by a well-defined 
groove; trunk plump, of varying length, without an abdomen, anal 
laminae or posterior processes. First antennae slender, three- 
jointed; second antennae biramose, destitute of claws; first maxillae 
tripartite, the palp with a single seta; second maxillae so short that 
the bulla is virtually on the trunk; terminal claw of maxillipeds rein- 
forced near the tip by an accessory claw, behind which the margin is 
toothed for a distance. 

Generic characters of male-—Of medium size (1 mm.); body folded 
upon itself so that the anterior and posterior portions are parallel, 
while the central portion is at right angles to them, the whole com- 
pletely fused without any distinction of parts or segmentation; gen- 
eral form ellipsoidal, with the anterior margin almost squarely trun- 
cated; mouthparts and genital process crowded together along this 
margin; no anal laminae. 

First antennae indistinctly four-jointed; second antennae bira- 
mose, endopod simple, exopod two-jointed; first maxillae similar to 
those of the female; second maxillae larger and more powerful than 
the maxillipeds, and pushed so far forward as to be even with, or in 
front of, the anterior margin of the head. 

Type.— Clavellodes rugosa (Anchorella rugosa Krdyer). 

(Clavellodes, Clavella and «doc, likeness or appearance.) 

Remarks.—This new genus is established to include three species 
which have hitherto been referred to Clavella. They differ so much, 
however, from that genus in the structure of the second antennae, 
first maxillae and maxillipeds of the female, and in the general form 
and appendages of the male, that a new genus must be created to 
receive them. The internal structure of the male, as described and 
figured under the species rugosa (see p. 691), is peculiarly interesting, 
not only because it shows a marked difference from Clavella, but also 
on account of the structure and arrangement of the entire sexual 
‘apparatus. In the female of this new genus the head is widened by 
the formation of prominent lateral lobes, the second antennae are 
biramose, and the first maxillae are tripartite. In the male the body 

34843 °—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14——44 


690 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


Sn es SAARI a PE lak et 
is so completely folded on itself that all the appendages and even the 
genital process are on the anterior margin, level with the anterior 
border of the head, and they all point forward parallel with the long 
axis of the body. 


TABLE OF SPECIES. 


1. Trunk longer than wide, smooth; cephalothorax slender, scarcely longer than the 
trunk; genital process present........------------- macrotrachelus (Brian), 1906. 
1. Trunk wider than long, much wrinkled; cephalothorax plump, half as long again 
as the trunk; no genital process....+......-.------- rugosa (Krgyer), 1837, p. 690. 
1. Trunk the same width and length, smooth; cephalothorax in line with the trunk 
and the same length; genital process present.-........ intermedia (Quidor), 1906. 


CLAVELLODES RUGOSA (Kréyer). 
Plate 27, fig. L; plate 51, figs. 190 10 199. 


Anchorella rugosa Kr YER, 1837, p. 284, pl. 2, fig. 7; pl. 3, fig. 14 a toc.—T. Scorr, 1900, 

p. 176, pl. 8, figs. 45 to 48. 

Host and record of specimens.—Ten females with egg strings and 
four attached males were obtained from the gills of the wolf fish, 
Anarrhichas lupus, off Race Point, Gloucester, July 25, 1879, in 31 
fathoms of water. They have been given Cat. No. 39616, U.S.N.M. 

Another lot consisting of 15 females was taken from the gills 
of the same host at Casco Bay, Me., July 16, 1873, and has been 
given Cat. No. 43592, U.S.N.M. 

Specific characters of female.—Cephalothorax considerably longer 
than the trunk and bent backward against the dorsal surface of the 
latter; head distinetly separated from the neck by a well-defined 
groove, flattened dorso-ventrally, enlarged at the sides into two 
prominent lateral lobes, which reach forward to the bases of the first 
antennae; neck stout, cylindrical, and covered with transverse 
wrinkles; trunk subquadrate, flattened a little dorso-ventrally, and 
with its entire surface thrown up into ridges and furrows; anterior 
and posterior margins reentrant; bulla in the bottom of the hollow 
at the anterior end, genital orifice in a corresponding position at the 
posterior end; egg strings broad, nearly twice the length of the trunk, 
and tapering posteriorly; eggs arranged in 10 to 15 rows, about 20 
eggs in each row. . 

First antennae three-jointed, the basal joint much wider and 
longer than the others; second antennae biramose, the endopod much 
larger than the exopod, and the two rami turned down across the 
frontal margin, with their tips just meeting at the midline; exopod 
two-jointed, endopod one-jointed, with the tip and frontal margin 
armed with short spines; mouth tube broad, strongly tapered, with 
its tip just touching the second antennae; first maxillae tripartite, , 
the outer ramus much shorter and smaller than the other two; palp 
bent down across the front of the maxilla and tipped with a single 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 691 


seta; second maxillae so reduced as to leave the bulla on the surface 
of the trunk; maxillipeds with a stout basal joint, provided with 
powerful muscles and armed along its inner margin with several 
knobs and processes, irregularly arranged, and against which the 
terminal claw shuts; the latter is large and stout, with an accessory 
claw on the inner margin near the tip and behind it a row of short 
saw teeth. 

Color (preserved material), grayish-yellow, egg strings orange. 
- Cephalothorax, 5 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide. Trunk, 3.2 mm. long, 
4mm. wide. Egg strings, 6 mm. long. 

Specific characters of male.—Body completely folded together and 
fused, so that all the appendages and the genital process are crowded 
along the frontal margin; general form an ellipsoid, flattened laterally 
and truncated anteriorly, with an even curvature and a smooth sur- 
face; no dorsal carapace, but a short central rostrum projecting over 
the mouth tube. 

First antennae four-jointed, the basal joint much larger than the 
others; second antennae biramose, the exopod two-jointed and tipped 
with a tuft of short setae, the endopod smooth except for a single spine 
on the outer margin; first maxillae similar to those of the female; 
second maxillae large and stout, with a long and powerful terminal 
claw; maxillipeds shorter but just as strong. 

The internal anatomy of this male is shown in figure 198 and may 
be described as follows: The esophagus (oe) is slender and nearly 
straight; its dorsal wall is only a single cell in thickness, while in the 
ventral wall two rows of nuclei may be seen, and there is a corre- 
sponding increase in thickness. The stomach (s) lies close to the 
dorsal surface and is abruptly and considerably enlarged at the 
anterior end. It passes insensibly into the intestine, which curves 
around the posterior part of the trunk, still close to the dorsal 
surface, and ends blindly at the point e. The frontal secretory 
gland (fg) is very similar to that in Achtheres, and fills the entire 
front of the head above the esophagus. The median center of 
the maxillipedal gland (mp) may be seen between the dorsal 
surface of the stomach and the adjacent body wall; the lateral 
centers appear in other sections. These excretory glands are much 
reduced in such dwarfed males, and although the centers are fairly 
distinct the ducts can not be discerned. There is about the same 
difference between the infra- and supra-esophageal ganglia as was 
found in Achtheres. The supra ganglion (sg) is oval in section and 
sends out a good-sized nerve to the frontal margin. Another nerve 
extends from the posterior end to the frontal gland, the anterior end 
of the stomach, and the median center of the maxillipedal gland. 
The infra ganglion (ig) is much larger and very irregular in outline, 
and supphes the lower lip, the various mouth-parts, and the repro- 


692 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 47. 


ductive organs. These latter consist of a pair of testes with their 
deferent ducts, a spermatophore receptacle, and the duct which leads 
from the latter to the external surface. The testes (¢) are relatively 
large and ellipsoidal in form, and instead of being located between 
the stomach and the dorsal body wall, as in Achtheres, they are 
placed below and on either side of the stomach and intestine, nearly 
in the center of the posterior part of the body. At the posterior end 
of the testis may be seen the spermatogonia (stg) with their large, 
spheroidal nuclei; passing forward we find the primary and secondary 
spermatocytes (stc) considerably reduced in size, and finally at about 
the center of the testis, the spermatozoa (sp). These gradually 
arrange themselves with their long diameter parallel to the axis of 
the testis. Toward the forward end where the testis narrows, the 
spermatozoa are bunched together and pass in this form out into the 
deferent duct. Around the anterior end of the testis and lining the 
walls of the deferent duct are large pear-shaped gland cells (gc), 
which secrete the material that forms the outer covering of the 
spermatophores. Around the anterior end of the testis these cells 
all have their large ends outward and their small ends inward, thus 
bringing about the necessary reduction in diameter at the opening of 
the deferent duct. Along the walls of the latter they are more irreg- 
ular in shape, and are arranged in no definite order. The deferent 
duct bends completely around as soon as it leaves the testis and 
passes back just beneath the latter to its posterior end. There it 
again turns completely around and passes forward, opening to the 
surface at the tip of the genital process just behind the. second 
maxillae. In this last section, which may be called the spermatophore 
receptacle, the gland cells entirely disappear from the walls, and the 
bunched spermatozoa, already surrounded by the cement substance, 
are molded into spermatophores (sph). 

Color (preserved material), a dirty white. 

Total length, 1.15 mm. Greatest width, 0.65 mm. 

(rugosus, rough, alluding to the body and neck of the female.) 

Remarks.—This species was first described by Krgyer in 1837, and 
later by Baird (1850), van Beneden (1851), and T. Scott (1900). 

The specimen described and figured by Baird does not agree with 
the others and certainly was not the present species. Moreover, it 
was obtained from a different host, ‘Gadus cellarius;” the other 
descriptions agree and the specimens were all obtained from the same 
host. Scott says of it: 

I find also on the codfish what appears to be the same species of Anchorella. It is 
evident, however, that these organisms, so far as the British species are concerned, 
require a more careful study than they have yet received (1900, p. 176). 

After such a study of the specimens in the United States National 
Museum it has been deemed best to make this species the type of a 


No. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILASON. 693 


new genus, which resembles Clavella in general characters, but 
differs in many details. 


CLAVELLISA, new genus. 


Generic characters of female—Cephalothorax much longer than the 
trunk, slender and often wrinkled, attached to the center of the 
dorsal surface of the trunk; head distinctly separated from the neck, 
slightly enlarged and covered with a dorsal carapace; trunk wider 
than long, somewhat flattened dorso-ventrally, and destitute of 
abdomen, anal laminae, genital, or posterior processes; egg strings 
short and wide, sometimes at an angle with the body. 

First antennae exceptionally large and heavily armed, the spines 
often flattened like a knife blade and projecting far in front of the 
head. Second antennae biramose, the two rami at right angles 
to the basal portion and turned across the frontal margin. First 
maxillae usually bipartite, the palp with a single seta; second maxillae 
short and laminate; maxillipeds of the usual pattern. 

Generic characters of male—General form ovoid, the anterior por- 
tion covered with a carapace; body folded upon itself and thoroughly 
fused without any distinction of parts or segmentation; mouth tube, 
appendages, and genital process on the ventral surface at different 
angles with the body axis, and not crowded together, as in Olavellodes. 
First antennae three-jointed, basal joint much larger than the others; 
second antennae biramose, the rami cylindrical and unjointed; first 
maxillae tripartite; second maxillae and maxillipeds long and armed 
with strong claws; genital opening at the tip of a prominent knob 
behind the second mavxillae. 

Type.— Clavellisa spinosa, new species. 

(Clavellisa, Clavella and Zooc, similar in appearance.) 

ftemarks.—This is another new genus and includes two new species 
and three that have been heretofore included in the genus Anchorella. 
The first and most noticeable peculiarity of the genus is the attach- 
ment of the cephalothorax to the dorsal surface of the trunk, at 
about its center. Apparently it has no connection whatever with 
the second maxillae; in other words the second maxillae have 
migrated backward the whole length of the neck, and have then 
moved along the outer surface of the trunk until they are some 
distance away from the base of the neck. 

Then the first antennae are much enlarged, have become rigid, 
and project straight forward, being armed, at least in one species, 
with large and wicked spines, totally unlike anything known in the 
entire family of Lernaeopodidae. In the male while there has been 
a folding and complete fusion of the body, it has not been carried 
as far as in Clavella and Clavellodes. The posterior portion of the 


694 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


body stands at an angle of about 45° with the anterior portion, and 
the genital process and appendages stand at the same angle. 


TABLE OF SPECIES. 


1. First antennae armed with stout spines, rigid, and projecting in front of the head; 
egg strings at an angle of 45° with the trunk axis. .spinosa, new species, p. 694. 
1. First antennae well armed, but flexible and not projecting in front of the second 
pair; egg strings parallel with trunk axis.............--------------+------ Ze 
2. The trunk spherical or ovoid and without any posterior invagination at thecenter. 3. 
2. The trunk flattened dorso-ventrally and emarginate posteriorly at the center.... 4. 
3. Cephalothorax more than three times the length of the trunk; the latter qe 
Tea een kk Babaene wre ae eee ete ee ee ee tee tens (Kurz), 1877. 

3. Cephalothorax only one-half longer ane the trunk; the latter ovoid. 
ovalis (Kréyer), 1837, p. 696. 
4. Cephalothorax twice the length of the trunk; the latter subrectangular in out- 
L101: ater ee eae ee AU RARLE MEU Seta pee IA Rl ty emarginata (Kréyer), 1837. 
4. Cephalothorax only one-third longer than the trunk; the latter heart-shaped. 
cordata, new species, p. 697. 


CLAVELLISA SPINOSA, new species. 
Plate 50, figs. 188 and 189; plate 52, fig. 200. 


Host and record of specimens.—Eight specimens, including both 
sexes, were obtained from the gill rakers of the menhaden, Brevoortia 
tyrannus, at Beaufort, North Carolina, August, 1905. They have 
received Cat. No. 39556, U.S.N.M. One female was obtained by 
Doctor Linton from the same host and locality, and has received 
Cat. No. 39612, U.S.N.M. Five females and two males were taken 
by Dr. M. T. Thompson from the same host at Woods Hole, Massa- 
chusetts, August 6, 1901, and have received Cat. No. 39803, U.S.N.M. 
A single female from the first Beaufort lot, carrying an attached male 
on. the side of the neck, is made the type of the new species, and is 
given Cat. No. 43547, U.S.N.M. 

Specific characters of female—Cephalothorax proportionally slen- 
der, from three to five times the length of the trunk, tapering from 
the trunk toward the head, and turned back so that its dorsal sur- 
face rests against that of the trunk; head not enlarged, but strongly 
narrowed anteriorly, where it-terminates in three projections made 
up of the antennae and the mouth tube, covered dorsally with a 
fairly distinct carapace; neck usually profusely wrinkled; trunk 
nearly twice as wide as long, flattened on the dorsal surface, and kid- 
ney-or bean-shaped, the arms extending from the eye of the bean; 
the swollen sides of the trunk are filled with the convolutions of the 
oviducts and increase in size and convexity with the maturing of 
the eggs; no abdomen, anal laminae, genital or posterior processes; 
egg strings ellipsoid or kidney-shaped and attached not by one end, 
but near the middle of one side, causing them to stand at an angle of 


No. 2068. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 695 


45° with the trunk axis; eggs arranged in 7 or 8 longitudinal rows, 
about 50 in each string. 

First antennae imperfectly three-jointed, projecting far in front of 
the second pair, relatively very large, and with a wicked armature. 
At the tip are four stout ventral spines and two dorsal ones, the lat- 
ter as long as the antennae themselves and usually surrounded by a 
wide membranous flange; the second joint also carries a pair of stout 
spines on its dorsal surface. This armature is totally different from 
anything found in the entire family and must be quite effective for 
piercing the skin of the host. Second antennae biramose, the ter- 
minal joints turned squarely across the frontal margin at right angles 
to the basal joint, the exopod (ventral) smaller than the endopod 
(dorsal), each bluntly rounded and armed with a single short and 
stout spine. Mandible long and slender, with a narrow neck, the 
tip enlarged and armed with eight well-rounded teeth. First max- 
Ulae tipped with three stout spines, the outer of which is sometimes 
surrounded with a membranous flange; palp armed with a single 
spine. Second maxillae short and stout, laminate, not tapering, 
united only at the tips, and furnished there with a long and rather 
slender club-shaped bulla, the pedicel of which is enlarged and forked 
at the apex, where it incloses a small and solid sphere. Maxillipeds 
with a stout basal joint and a long and slender terminal claw, with 
no accessory armature. . 

Color, trunk transparent cartilage color; oviducts and eggs white; 
cephalothorax usually black or blackish from the contents of the 
digestive tube. 

Cephalothorax and second maxillae, 1.50 mm. long, 0.15 mm. 
wide. Trunk, 0.50 mm. long, 0.85 mm. wide. Egg strings, 0.60 mm. 
long, 0.35 mm. wide. 

Specific characters of male-——Body completely folded upon, itself 
and so thoroughly fused that there are no traces of parts or 
segmentation; egg-shaped, with the head at the pointed end, and 
the appendages and genital process on one side of the egg; head 
covered with a dorsal carapace, which extends back of the second 
maxillae. First antennae three-jointed, tipped with stout setae; 
second antennae similar to those of the female, but not bent, the 
exopod larger than the endopod, both rami unsegmented and tipped 
with two small spines; mandibles and first maxillae like those of the 
female; second maxillae long, with a slender second joint and rather 
a weak terminal claw; maxillipeds with a large and stout basal joint 
and a slender terminal claw, armed with a row of minute teeth along 
its nner margin. 

Color, a uniform yellowish-white. 

Total length, 0.25 mm. Greatest width, 0.125 mm. 

(spinosus, covered with spines, alluding to the first antennae.) 


696 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


Remarks.—This species is fairly common on the menhaden, but 
only one or two specimens are found upon the same fish. It can be 
at once distinguished by its minute size, by the long and slender 
cephalothorax, and by the kidney-shaped egg strings, carried at an 
angle with the trunk axis. Different specimens vary considerably 
in the size and armature of the antennae, as well as in the angle at 
which the egg strings are carried. The males correspond more 
closely than the females, and there is enough conformity among the 
latter to insure the validity of the species. 


CLAVELLISA OVALIS (Krfyer). 


Anchorella ovalis Kr@YER, 1837, p. 289, pl. 3, fig. 6a and b. 


Host and record of specimens.—Kr¢yer found a single specimen of 
this species, without egg strings, on the gills of Trigla gurnardus; no 
locality given. 

Remarks.—From Kr¢yer’s description and figure it is certain that 
he had a Lernaeopod very similar to the ‘‘ Anchorella emarginata”’ 
which he had just described. In distinguishing the two he says 
that in, A. ovalis the trunk is thick and egg-shaped, the cephalothorax 
is one and a half times as long as the trunk and of medium thick- 
ness, the head is short and broad, but thick. His figure shows that 
the cephalothorax is attached to the center of the dorsal surface 
of the trunk, while the second maxillae are attached to the ventral 
surface some distance from the base of the neck. 

He did not describe the appendages at all, but the above facts are 
enough to locate the species in the present genus. 

Beneden afterwards (1870, p. 31, pl. 2, fig. 8) figured a parasite 
which he referred to this species, but which certainly did not belong 
here as can be seen from a comparison of Krgyer’s and Beneden’s 
figures. Beneden’s species had a short and thickset cephalothorax 
attached in the usual way to the anterior end of the trunk, while the 
second maxillae were on the neck some distance above where it joins 
the trunk. 

Earlier in the same paper (p. 270) Kréyer described a species which 
he named “Lernacopoda obesa.”” He had but a single specimen and 
had forgotten the host, but thought it was “Squalus acanthius Linn.” 
In 1869 Olsson found the same parasite upon the gill arches of the 
common gurnard, T'rigla gurnardus, and transposed it to the genus 
Brachiella. It is this species obesa rather than the species ovalis 
which Beneden and Scott have found upon the gurnard (see p. 701). 
It belongs in the genus Brachiella where Olsson placed it, but Kr¢yer’s 
ovalis just as certainly belongs here in the genus Clavellisa. 


xo. 2068. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 697 


CLAVELLISA CORDATA, new species. 
Plate 26, fig. E; plate 50, fig. 187; plate 52, figs. 201 to 208. 


Host and record of specimens.—Twelve females and four males were 
obtained by Vinal N. Edwards from the gills of the hickory shad, 
Pomolobus mediocris, at Woods Hole, October 30, 1903. They have 
received Cat. No. 39566, U.S.N.M. and become paratypes of the 
new species. 

A single female with attached male was taken from this lot and 
made the species type, with Cat. No. 43539, U.S.N.M. 

A second lot of 20 specimens, including both sexes, was obtained 
from a single hickory shad at the same locality in September, 1902; 
they have received Cat. No. 39579, U.S.N.M. 

A third lot of 10 specimens, including both sexes, was taken from 
the gills of the alewife, Pomolobus pseudoharengus at Woods Hole, 
October 5, 1887, and has received Cat. No. 43534, U.S.N.M. 

Two lots, containing three females each, were obtained from the 
gills of young shad, Pomolobus mediocris, taken in the pound at 
Woods Hole, July 8, 1875, by A. E. Verrill; they have received, 
respectively, Cat. Nos. 39622 and 38026, U.S.N.M. 

Three females were obtained by Dr. M. T. Thompson from the gills 
of the alewife av Woods Hole, August 10, 1901; they have received 
Cat. No. 39595, U.S.N.M. 

Specific characters of female.—Cephalothorax longer than the trunk, 
slender, cylindrical, and about the same diameter throughout; head 
not enlarged, but narrowed anteriorly and covered with a dorsal 
carapace; trunk heart-shaped, of the same width and length, flat- 
tened dorso-ventrally, narrowed anteriorly, and with a median pos- 
terior sinus; cephalothorax attached to the dorsal surface of the 
trunk a little in front of the center; egg strings cylindrical and about 
as long as the trunk; eggs small, in 8 longitudinal rows, about 20 
eggs in a row. 

First antennae stout, indistinctly three-jointed, with a tuft of small 
setae at the tip; second antennae also stout, the terminal biramose 
portion swollen, turned at right angles to the basal portion and 
bluntly rounded; exopod one-jointed and armed with a single stout 
spine, endopod indistinctly two-jointed, with two minute terminal 
spines. Mandibles with a narrowed neck and a widened blade, armed 
with five large curved and bluntly rounded teeth. First maxillae 
with two terminal setae, the palp with a single seta; second maxillae 
attached at the anterior end of the trunk some distance from the base 
of the neck, short, cylindrical, not tapering, squarely truncated at 
the tips, where they are united by their inner corners; bulla long, 
slender, and club-shaped. 


698 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


Maxillipeds with a stout basal joint and a short and stout terminal 
claw, curved at the tip, where it carries on the inner margin a long 
accessory claw, behind which is a row of saw teeth. 

Color, a uniform yellowish-white, the contents of the stomach and 
intestine dark brownish-black; egg strings orange yellow. 

Cephalothorax, 4 mm. long, 0.50 mm. wide. Trunk 3 mm. long, 
3 mm. wide at the posterior end. Egg strings 3.5 mm. long, 0.8 mm. 
wide. 

Specific characters of male.—Body folded on itself in the same way 
as in spinosa, swollen, with no distinction of parts or segmentation; 
a dorsal carapace on the head; genital process larger than in spinosa; 
no anal laminae. First antennae three-jointed and well armed with 
setae; second antennae biramose, the exopod two-jointed and tipped 
with a tuft of setae, the endopod slender, ellipsoidal, and unarmed. 
Mouth tube long and prominent, projecting its entire length in front 
of the carapace. 

First maxillae much shorter than in the female and projecting just 
to the tip of the mouth tube; second maxillae rather slender, the basal 
joint long and narrow. Maxillipeds with a stout and thick basal 
joint and a terminal claw like that of the female. 

Color, a uniform yellowish-white. 

Total length, 0.30 mm. Greatest width, 0.20 mm. 

(cordatus, heart-shaped, alluding to the trunk.) 

Remarks.—This species is fairly common on the two kinds of her- 
ring mentioned. It may be recognized by the heart-shaped trunk 
with the long and slender cephalothorax attached to its dorsal sur- 
face. If there is need of any further distinction from spinosa it may 
be found in the egg strings, which are here attached by one end, are 
parallel with the trunk axis, or are curved like parentheses marks. 
In the ripening ovary of this species the thread or filament connected 
with the oocyte is much longer than in Achtheres, and contains often 
as many as 20 cells (fig. 187, pl. 50). 


Genus BRACHIELLA Cuvier. 


Generic characters of female-—Cephalothorax elongate and cylin- 
drical, flexed more or less backward, often against the dorsal surface 
of the trunk; head usually enlarged and covered by a distinct dorsal 
carapace; trunk swollen, flattened dorso-ventrally, and in the larger 
species (10 to 25 mm.) with two rows of pits or grooves or knobs on 
the dorsal and ventral surfaces; two or four paired posterior processes 
and an unpaired genital process; no abdomen or anal laminae; egg 
strings long and slender. 

First antennae two to four (usually three) jointed, basal joint 
more or less swollen; second antennae biramose, the exopod (ventral) 


No. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 699 


two-jointed; first maxillae tripartite, palp with one or two setae; 
second maxillae separate to the tips where they are jointed to an 
ordinary bulla; sometimes fused; maxillipeds with a stout basal joint 
and a long terminal claw. 

Generic characters of male.—Cephalothorax inclined more or less to 
the trunk, from which it is separated by a well-defined constriction 
and often by a short neck; head covered by a dorsal carapace which 
varies considerably in size; trunk straight, spindle-shaped, and much 
narrower than the cephalothorax; small anal laminae sometimes 
parallel with the trunk axis, sometimes at right angles to it; often 
with a large unpaired (genital) process between the second maxillae. 
First antennae three-jointed, about the same length as the second 
pair; the latter biramose, both rami one-jointed, the exopod (ventral) 
sometimes with two joints; first maxillae three or four partite; second 
maxillae and maxillipeds close together and about the same size, 
both provided with stout curved claws. 

Type.—Brachiella thynni Cuvier. 

(Brachiella, Boaytwy, arm, with diminutive ending.) 

Remarks.—This genus, like Clavella, has received many species 
which ought never to have been assigned to it. For a long time the 
distinction between the two genera consisted simply in the separa- 
tion or fusion of the second maxillae. If they were fused the species 
was placed in the genus Clavella; if they were separate it was referred 
to the genus Brachiella, irrespective of its other morphological pecu- 
harities. Consequently, we find here also many species which must 
be transferred to other genera, or for which new genera must be 
created. The list which follows includes such species. There is 
rather more dissimilarity amongst the males than in the other genera 
but they agree very well in all essential characters. Probably when 
the species, and especially the males, become better known it will be 
necessary to separate some more of them and establish other new 
genera. Hven the data already known with reference to such species 
as concava and lophia make it practically certain that they must 
eventually be placed elsewhere. But until we can get the necessary 
data it is better to keep them here where they were originally placed. 

Synonyms.—Bbrachiella anserina Wilson, 1908, p. 467, differs in so 
many and so important particulars from the Brachiella here estab- 
lished that it has been made the type of a new genus, Probrachiella 
(see p. 716). 

Brachiella antaretica Quidor, 1906, p. 30, pl. 3, figs. 45 to 48, has 
no posterior processes, the exopod of the second antennae is unseg- 
mented, the second maxillae are entirely separate, and the male 
differs so much from Brachiella that it has been made the type of a 
new genus, Hubrachiella (see p. 716). 


700 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


B. appendiculata Steenstrup and Lutken, 1861, p. 419, and B. 
appendiculosa Bassett-Smith, 1898, p. 14, are both synonyms of 
Thysanote appendiculata (see p. 651). 

B. dentata Wilson, 1912, p. 97, is proved by the structure of the 
male to belong to the genus Charopinus (see p. 654). 

B. fimbriata Heller, 1865, p. 240, belongs to the genus Thysanote 
(see p. 651). 

B. gaini Quidor, 1912, p. 211, is placed with B. antarctica in the 
new genus Hubrachiella (see p. 716). 

B. impudica Nordmann, 1832, p. 92, is proved by the structure of 
the male as well as the female to be distinet from Brachiella and is 
made the type of the new genus Epibrachiella (see p. 715). 

B. inconcinna, minuta, and ramosa were simply named by Richiardi 
(1880, p. 151) and have never been described or figured. 

B. insidiosa Heller, 1865, p. 239, is referred to the new genus 
Parabrachiella (see p. 713). 

B. lobiventris Heller, 1865, p. 241, belongs to the genus Thysanote 
(see p. 651). 

B. lophia Milne Edwards, 1840, p. 514, was briefly described and 
well figured, but has never been seen by any other investigator, 
although it is included in two or three lists on the authority of Milne 
Edwards. The description and figures given by the latter are enough 
to indicate fairly well that the species does not belong to Brachiella, 
nor indeed to any of the other genera in the family. 

ae size of the creature (cephalothorax and second maxillae 20 
mm.; trunk and posterior processes 16 mm.), the structure of the 
ee antennae, first maxillae (unipartite), and maxillipeds, and the 
peculiar shape and attachment of the posterior processes show little 
affinity with any of the genus types here presented. 

But the male is unknown and the data are not sufficient to enable 
us to erect a new genus, so the best that can be done is to leave it 
where Milne Edwards placed it and wait for further details. 

B. malleus Nordmann, 1832, p. 95, is proved by the structure of 
the male, as well as certain characters of the female, to belong to the 
genus Charopinus (see. p. 654). - 

B. multifimbriata Bassett-Smith, 1898, p. 96, is shown by the struc- 
ture of the male to be distinct from Brachiella, and as the female is 
also peculiar it is made the type of a new genus, Thysanotella (see 
p. 652). 

B. neglecta Richiardi, 1880, p. 151, was another mere name, but it 
was afterwards briefly described and figured by Brian (1898. p. 24, pl. 
4, fig. 29). He, however, mentions and portrays a pair of tubercles, 
each armed with a claw, on the posterior margin of the trunk. Noth- 
ing like them is known anywhere among the Lernaeopods, and if cor- 
rect the parasite would at least become a distinct genus. But it has 


_ No. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 701 


not yet been well enough described to be located anywhere with 
satisfaction. 

B. obesa (Kr¢yer), 1837, p. 270, was described as belonging to the 
genus Lernaeopoda. Krgyer had but a single specimen and had for- 
gotten on what host it was found, but said he thought it was ‘Squalus 
acanthius Linn.” Olsson found the same parasite in the throat of 
Trigla gurnardus, and on account of the elongate cephalothorax and 
the removal of the second maxillae some distance behind the other 
mouth parts, he transferred it to the genus Brachiella (1869, p. 42), 
where it rightly belongs 

In 1870 P. J. van Beneden reported (p. 10) the same species from 
“Spinax acanthius L.” on the coast of Belgium. He also reported 
(p. 31), from the gills of Trigla gurnardus, a species which he called 
‘Anchorella ovalis Krgyer,” and of which he gave a figure (ple: 
fig. 8). But this figure shows no similarity whatever to Kr¢yer’s 
ovalis, while it does resemble in all essential particulars his Lernaeopoda 
obesa. 

T. Scott described (1901, p. 133) from the gills of Trigla gurnardus 
on the Scottish coast a parasite which he referred to Krdyer’s A. 
ovalis, basing his judgment upon Beneden’s figure. But as Beneden 
was wrong, so of course Scott was misled, and the species he had was 
not ovalis at all, but obesa. The excellent figures given by: Scott 
(pl. 7, figs. 30 to 35) leave no doubt that he was really dealing with 
the same species examined by Krgyer and Olsson. But it belongs 
in the genus Brachiella where Olsson placed it, and is here restored 
to that genus. 

Richiardi in the list already mentioned (1880, p. 151) named a 
parasite which he obtained from ‘‘ Trigla corax”’ in the Mediterra- 
nean, Brachiella obesa, but gave no description or figures. This was 
probably the same as Krgyer’s species, but even if it was not Kr¢yer’s 
name holds precedence. 

B. oblonga Valle, 1880, p. 76, is another mere name and has never 
been described or figured. 

B. ovalis (Beneden) Scott, 1901, p. 133, as shown above, is a syno- 
nym of obesa. 

B. parkert Thomson, 1889, p. 374, can not belong to any of the genera 
previously described and is made the type of the new genus Thom- 
sonella, closely related to Brianella (see p. 649). 

B. pastinacae Beneden, 1851, p. 118, is a synonym of Charopinus 
bicaudatus (see p. 656). 

B. pernettiana (Blainville), 1822, p. 439, was originally described 
and figured as a ‘‘Lernaean”’ by Pernetti (1770, vol. 1, pl. 1, figs. 5, 6). 

Blainville included it in his new genus Lernaeomyzon and gave a 
brief description, Cuvier (1830, p. 257) referred it to the genus 


702 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


Ee eee 


Brachiella, but added nothing further in the way of description, and 
thus we are left with insufficient data to locate it intelligently. 


B. rostrata Krdéyer, 1837, p. 207, differs so radically in both sexes 


from Brachiella that it is made the type of a new genus, Parabrach- 
iella (see p. 714). 


There are thus five species which are mere names, three which can 


not be satisfactorily located, and 16 which mist be transferred to 
other genera, including six which become new genus types. 


Ne He 


TABLE OF SPECIES. 


. Only two posterior processes, dorsal to the egg strings .....----------+--+----- 2: 
. Only two posterior processes, ventral to the egg strings. --....---------------- Se 
. Four posterior processes, two dorsal and two ventral .......-------------+----- as 


. Posterior processes pear-shaped with a narrow pedicel; first maxillae unipartite; 


both rami of second antennae unsegmented...---- lophit Milne-Edwards, 1840. 


. Posterior processes cylindrical, widely separated; first maxillae tripartite; exopod 


(ventral) of second antennae two-jointed........-. concava Wilson, 1913, p. 703. 


. Trunk ovoid, considerably longer than wide; posterior processes minute and con- 


ical; genital process present...-.-..----------------- +--+ 222s cree treet tee 4, 


. Trunk ovoid, about the same length and width; posterior processes larger; no 


genital procesa....2 +22. 2-.0 222s e eee neon ene cern ce rnc ease ee seea cance 5. 


. Trunk swollen, wider than long; posterior processes large and laminate; genital 


process rudimentary.......---------2---- +++ 2eeee eee eect eects rte t eee 6. 


. Second maxillae as long as the cephalothorax, cylindrical and slender; first an- 


tennae four-jointed and slender ....-.-------------- bispinosa Nordmann, 1832. 


. Second maxillae half as leng as the cephalothorax, cylindrical and slender; first 


antennae three-jointed and stout...-.---..---------------- exigua Brian, 1906. 


. Second maxillae half as long as the cephalothorax, stout and flattened; first an- 


tennae three-jointed and slender; posterior processes laminate. 
mitrata, new species, p. 709. 


. Posterior processes cylindrical, bluntly rounded; second maxillae short and stout; 


egg strings as long as the trunk.......------------ pinguis, new species, p. 710. 


. Posterior processes conical, with an acute point; second maxillae long and slender; 


egg strings twice the length of the trunk.....-....-- nitida, new species, p. 711. 


. Trunk irregular, covered with lobes and processes, emarginate posteriorly; first 


antennae short and two-jointed .....--.-.----------------- triglae Claus, 1860. 


. Trunk smooth and regular, rounded posteriorly; first antennae four-jointed, 


swollenys. oo: so5 becca. beet Cece eee = oe eee obesa (Krgyer), 1837, p. 701. 


. The four posterior processes about the same length....-......---------------- 8. 
. Ventral posterior processes distinctly longer than dorsal.....-...--.---------- Hl. 
. Dorsal posterior processes distinctly longer than vyentral...J..¢3-epeeaseee 12: 
. Size large (10 mm.); head enlarged and covered with a dorsal carapace; second 


maxillae separate to their tips....-----------------+++-+---2e ee tr reer eee 9. 
. Size small (5 mm.); head not enlarged, no carapace; second maxillae fused for 
their entire length O!i22) 22 Seasick oe ie sete ies sla eae ee 10. 
. Genital process half as long as posterior processes; maxillipeds huge, each nearly 
as large as the entire head; second maxillae smooth. ..chevreuzti Beneden, 1891. 
. Genital process minute; maxillipeds of normal size; first antennae two-jointed ; 
second maxillae much wrinkled.....-..... appendiculosa (Kr¢yer), 1863, p. 712. 
. Ventral processes close together, dorsal ones far apart; genital process present; 
second maxillae smidoth.2. /-.<.. 2 eee te oe appendiculata (Kréyer), 1863. 
. Ventral processes close together, dorsal ones far apart; genital process present; 
second maxillae wrinkled-.:..0-02----- 22+.) peer eee hostilis Heller, 1865. 


No. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 703 


10. Ventral and dorsal processes the same distance apart; no genital process; second 


maxillaeamponis sie e- at eee OR to re tae sciaenophila Heller, 1865. 
11. Trunk smooth; second maxillae much longer than cephalothorax; first antennae 
REECE -JOMIECUL: PAP UNUNM VER Via O)7\ eMail ee ie gracilis Wilson, 1908, p. 712. 


11. Trunk smooth; second maxillae much shorter than cephalothorax; first antennae 


11. Trunk smooth; second maxillae very short; first antennae three-jointed; genital 
process long and cylindrical..................... merluccii Bassett-Smith, 1896. 
11. Trunk with two rows of pits cr grooves on the dorsal and ventral surfaces; second 
maxillae short; first antennae four-jointed; no genital process. 

elegans Richiardi, 1880, p. 707. 

12. Trunk wider than long; dorsal processes abruptly curved near their tips. 
chavesii Beneden, 1891. 
12. Trunk longer fhan wide; dorsal processes straight: two rows of pits on the dorsal 
and ventral surfaces of the trunk................... thynni Cuvier, 1830, p. 703. 


BRACHIELLA CONCAVA Wilson. 
Brachiella coycava Witson, 1913, p. 262, pl. 51. 

Host and record of specimens.—A single female with egg strings was 
taken from the gill arch of a sting ray, Dasyatis hastata, at Montego 
Bay, Jamaica, August 10, 1910. This was made the Species type and 
received Cat. No. 42286, U.S.N.M. 

Remarks.—This species was fully described and figured in the 
reference above given. It is not common, but may be recognized by 
the size and shape of the posterior processes and the absence of a 
genital process. But these posterior processes are dorsal and not 
ventral, and are only found in one other species, lophiw, which prob- 
ably does not belong to the present genus, as already stated (p. 700). 
That throws the burden of proof on the present species if it is to 
remain in the genus, but this can not be decided fully until the 
male is found. When that occurs it is very possible that the species 
will be transferred to the genus Charopinus. 


BRACHIELLA THYNNI Cuvier. 
Plate 25, fig. C; plate 53, figs. 209 to 215. 
Brachiella thynni Cuvier, 1830, p. 257, pl. 15, fig. 5. 
Thynnicola ziegleri Micuticicy, 1904, p. 47. 

Host and record of specimens.—A single female with egg strings was 
taken from the gills of a tunny fish at Cornwall, England, and sent 
to the United States National Museum by Rev. A. M. Norman. It 
was numbered 8342, U.S.N.M. Twenty-five females and four males 
were obtained from the gills of Thynnus thynnus at Bakar, Croatia, 
Hungary, by Prof. S. Brusina. They have received Cat. No. 43458, 
U.S.N.M. 

Specific characters of female.—Cephalothorax as long as the trunk, 
cylindrical, and usually bent slightly backward; head little if any 
enlarged, but covered with a distinct dorsal carapace; neck the same 
diameter throughout, and separated from the trunk by a well-defined 


704 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


groove; trunk ovate, flattened dorso-ventrally, and in older speci- 
mens much wrinkled; at least two segmentations plainly indicated 
by breaks in the ventral musculature, by ventral grooves, and by 
lateral indentations; two pairs of posterior processes, one dorsal, 
the other ventral, the latter usually half the diameter and length of 
the former, and closer together; both pairs curved lke parentheses 
marks, and the bases of the dorsal pair curved around inside the 
point of attachment as two small knobs, side by side on the median 
line; no genital process; egg strings between the two pairs of proc- 
esses and a little longer than the dorsal pair; eggs minute, arranged 
in 10 or 12 longitudinal rows, fully 75 eggs in the longest rows. 

First antennae stout, three-jointed, unarmed; second antennae 
turned down across the frontal margin, the exopod minute, degen- 
erate, and nearly fused with the endopod. First maxillae large and 
stout, tripartite, each ramus swollen at the base and tipped with a 
single spine; palp also swollen, turned at right angles to the rest of 
the appendage and tipped with a single spine. 

Second maxillae small and short, and free to the very tips, each 
maxilla ending in a semilunar attachment disk; the edges of the disks 
are grown together, but apparently they do not form a single bulla. 
At the base of each maxilla on the dorsal surface is an oblong ridge 
or projection, which runs lengthwise of the appendage and contains 
the maxillary gland. 

Maxillipeds widely separated, so that all the other mouth parts can 
be seen between them in ventral view; basal joint triangular and 
much longer than wide; terminal claw slender, and tipped with a 
single spine which shuts into a depression on the inner margin of the 
basal joint; no accessory spine. 

Color (preserved material), a rich golden yellow. 

Cephalothorax, 6 mm. long, 1 mm. wide. Trunk, 6 mm. long, 3 
mm. wide. Dorsal posterior processes, 8 mm. long. Egg strings, 
9 mm. long. 

Specific characters of male.—Head at an angle of 45° with the bod} 
axis and covered with a well-defined carapace; posterior cephalo- 
thorax contracted into a narrow, wasplike waist, where it joins the 
trunk; the latter ovate, with a pair of slender conical anal laminae 
at the pointed posterior end, on the dorsal surface. Ventral to the 
anal laminae is the rounded genital process, which is a little longer 
and much thicker than the laminae. 

First antennae stout and three-jointed; second antennae biramose, 
the endopod tipped with a single spine, the exopod with a minute 
chela. Mouth tube large and in line with the axis of the head; first 
maxillae short and wide, like a hand with three fingers and a thumb, 
each tipped with a single spine. Second maxillae large, widely sepa- 
rated, each tipped with a long curved claw. Maxillipeds close 


No. 2063. NORTH AMHRICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 705 


together, the basal joint much longer than wide, the terminal claw 
sharply bent. 

Color the same as that of the female. 

Total length, 2.25 mm. Greatest diameter, 0.5 mm. 

(thynni, the generic name of the host.) 

Remarks.—This species is one of the largest of the genus, and was 
first described by Cuvier, who made it the type-species of his new 
genus Brachiella. Since then it has been described or noticed by 
almost every writer on the parasitic copepods, and always under the 
same name, with one exception. Miculicich, supposing it to be new, 
gave a long account of it with text figures ' and named it Thynnicola 
zieglert. This mistake he himself corrected in March, 1905, in the 
same periodical. But in spite of the fact that it is so universally 
known, there are still several things in connection with its structure 
that need either correction or further description. For this reason 
the above account has been given, with such figures as seemed nec- 
essary. The facts here established are: 

1. The body of the female is as fully segmented as that of Achtheres, 
and the segmentation is similarly indicated. 

2. The head is covered with a well-defined dorsal carapace. 

3. The neck is separated from the trunk by a groove behind the 
second maxillae. 

4. There is no genital process. 

5. The second antennae ave biramose, the exopod (ventral ramus) 
being rudimentary. 

6. The first maxillae have a palp at right angles to the body of the 
appendage. 

7. The maxillipeds are widely separated. 


BRACHIELLA GULOSA, new species. 
Plate 53, figs. 216 to 220; plate 54, figs. 221 to 224. 


Host and record of specimens.—Three lots of this parasite were ob- 
tained by Dr. Hugh M. Smith from the under surface of the operculum 
of the channel bass, Scienops ocellatus, from the Center Market at 
Washington, District of Columbia. The first lot, ten females and 
two males, were captured off Elzabeth City, New Jersey, and were 
given Cat. No. 43588, U.S.N.M. The second lot, eighteen females 
and four males, were captured off the North Carolina coast, and have 
- received Cat. No. 39578, U.S.N.M. The third lot, five females and 
one male, were captured near Morehead City, North Carolina, and 
bear Cat. No. 39580, U.S.N.M. A single female with attached male 
has been taken from the first lot and given Cat. No. 43585, U.S.N.M., 
as the type of the new species. Ten females and one male were 
taken off New York City, September 1, 1901, by Mr. Blackford; they 


1 Zool. Anz. for Sept., 1904. 
34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—1445 


706 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 47. 


have received Cat. No. 39581, U.S.N.M. Three females were taken 
at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, by the late Dr. M. T. Thompson, 
which have been given Cat. No. 39591, U.S.N.M. Seven females and 
one male were taken off the North Carolina coast, and have received 
Cat. No. 39573, U.S.N.M. The host is the same for all these speci- 
mens, the channel bass, Scienops ocellatus. 

Specific characters of female.—Cephalothorax stout, cylindrical, and 
considerably longer than the trunk; head enlarged and covered with 
a dark brown carapace; neck and second maxillae curved like a 
sickle; trunk anteriorly narrowed into a short neck where it joins the 
cephalothorax, posteriorly inflated into a sphere, which is flattened 
dorso-ventrally ; four posterior processes, two dorsal and two ventral, 
and a genital process between the two latter, short and club-shaped; 
the ventral posterior processes are straight, parallel, and longer than 
the dorsal pair, which arise a little in front of the posterior margin 
and are curved like parentheses marks; between the two pairs are 
the egg strings, which are from one and a half to two and a half 
times the length of the processes, and about twice their diameter; 
eggs small, in from 10 to 12 longitudinal rows, about 50 eggs in a row. 

First antennae somewhat swollen at the base and three-jointed; 
second antennae biramose and turned down across the frontal 
margin, the endopod (dorsal ramus) large, bluntly rounded, one- 
jointed, and unarmed, the exopod (ventral ramus) comparatively 
minute, two-jointed, and terminated by a tuft of small setae. 

Mouth-tube short, broad at the base, and hardly reaching the 
second antennae; first maxillae bipartite, palp one-jointed and 
tipped with a single spine. Second maxillae short, slender, and 
entirely separate as far as the bulla, which is in the shape of a flat- 
tened sphere. The glands at the bases of these maxillae stand out 
as prominent knobs on either side of the neck. 

Maxillipeds with a stout basal joint and a slender terminal claw 
which shuts down against a knob on the inner margin of the basal 
joint. 

Color (preserved material), a light brownish-yellow. 

Cephalothorax, 4.65 mm. long, 1 mm. wide. Trunk, 3.25 mm. 
long, 3.25 mm. wide, 2 mm. thick. Second maxillae, 1.50 mm. long. 
Posterior processes (ventral), 3 mm. long. Egg strings, 6 mm. long, 
0.80 mm. wide. 

Specific characters of male-—Head at an angle of 45° with the body 
axis, and covered with a distinct dorsal carapace; trunk with the first 
and second segments forming a narrow neck or waist, the posterior 
portion narrow ovate and ending in a pair of slender anal laminae, 
which are conical and at right angles to the trunk axis. First an- 
tennae slender and three-jointed; second antennae biramose, the 
endopod smoothly rounded, the exopod with a single spine at the 


No. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON, 707 


outer corner. Mouth tube projecting its entire length in front of 
the anterior margin of the carapace in line with the head axis. First 
maxillae tripartite, palp tipped with a single spine; second maxillae 
considerably longer than the maxillipeds and tipped with powerful 
claws, which shut into a socket on the inner margin of the basal joint. 

Maxillipeds short and stout and tipped with a strong claw; genital 
process distinctly visible between and partly behind the second 
maxillae, with a fringed or fluted tip. 

Color, a whitish-yellow, lighter than the female. 

Total length, 1.45 mm. Greatest width, 0.65 mm. 

(gulosus, gluttonous.) 

iemarks—In the second lot of parasites mentioned there were 
three young females, one of them only 1 mm. long. These females 
had but a single pair of posterior processes, the ventral ones, but in 
the largest of the three another pair were just starting on the dorsal 
surface. Evidently, therefore, the ventral pair are formed first and 
the dorsal pair grow out later to supplement them. The general 
appearance, the arched neck, the distinct carapace, the knoblike 
protrusions of the maxillary glands, the short and slender second 
maxillae, and the arched dorsal processes distinguish this species 
from its nearest relatives. 

BRACHIELLA ELEGANS Richiardi. 
Plate 54, figs. 226 to 233; plate 55, fig. 234. 

Brachiella elegans Ricutarv1, 1880, p. 151.—Brian, 1899, p. 8, fig. 4. 


Host and record of specimens.—Five females and a male were ob- 
tained from the gill cavity of the amber jack, Seriola lalandi, at 
Woods Hole, Massachusetts, by the late Dr. M. T. Thompson, Sep- 
tember 11, 1901. 

They have received Cat. No. 39585, U.S.N.M., and since no other 
specimens are in existence at the present time they will serve as 
surrogate types of the species. 

Specific characters of female.—Cephalothorax short, flattened dorso- 
ventrally, and about the same length as the second maxillae; head 
somewhat enlarged and covered with a dorsal carapace; neck ex- 
tremely short and passing insensibly into the trunk without any sign 
of demarcation; trunk elongate-triangular, widest across the pos- 
terior margin, which is almost squarely truncated; two pairs of 
posterior processes and a very short and well rounded genital process; 
ventral processes originating close to the midline, somewhat divergent 
and curved like parentheses marks, and three-fourths as long as the 
trunk; dorsal processes less than half the length of the ventral, 
originating close to the lateral margins, and widely divergent, in some 
cases even standing out at right angles to the trunk axis; egg strings 
about the same length as the trunk; eggs minute, in 6 or 7 longi- 
tudinal rows, about 30 eggs in a row. 


708 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


First antennae four-jointed and tapered to a sharp point; second 
antennae biramose and bent down across the frontal margin, with the 
tips overlapping, the exopod (ventral ramus) much smaller than the 
endopod and indistinctly two-jointed, the endopod bilobed at the tip 
and armed with tiny spines. 

Mouth tube broad at the base and long enough to overlap the tips 
of the second antennae. First maxillae bipartite, palp short and 
stout and armed with a single spine; second maxillae short, held at 
right angles to the body axis, and separate to the very tip, where they 
are attached to a large spherical bulla; maxillipeds with a stout basal 
joint and a slender terminal claw, armed on its inner margin near the 
tip with a secondary claw; these maxillipeds are attached so far for- 
ward that they almost reach to the frontal margin of the head. 

Color (preserved material), a dark yellowish-brown. 

Cephalothorax, 2.15 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, 1.25 mm. thick. See- 
ond maxillae, 1.75 mm. long. Ventral posterior processes, 4.33 mm. 
long. Egg strings, 5 mm. long. 

Specific characters of male——Cephalothorax small and separated 
from the trunk by a short waist; head covered with a dorsal carapace; 
trunk spindle-shaped, ending posteriorly in a long conical genital 
process; no anal laminae. First antennae four-jointed, joints sub- 
equal; second antennae biramose, endoped well rounded and armed 
with a single spine, exopod two-jointed and carrying a terminal tuft 
of setae. First maxillae with a two-parted tip and a small palp, 
armed with a single spine; second maxillae remarkably long and 
slender, over twice the length of the maxillipeds, the terminal claw 
slender, with a bluntly rounded pad at its base. Maxillipeds triangu- 
Jar and stout. 

Color, the same as that of the female. 

Total length, 1.35 mm. Greatest width, 0.35 mm. 

(elegans, elegant or neat in appearance.) 

Remarks.—This species was first named by Richiardi without any 
description or figure. It was afterwards identified by Brian, who de- 
scribed the female briefly and illustrated it with a single text figure. 
There is no doubt that these Woods Hole specimens belong to the 
same species that Brian figured; whether they are identical with 
Richiardi’s named species can not, of course, be determined with cer- 
tainty, but, since Brian’s and Richiardi’s specimens came from the 
same locality and host, there is a strong presumption that they are 
identical. A full description, with figures of both sexes, is here pub- 
lished for the first time. 

The species closely resembles Heller’s B. insidiosa, but differs in 
several important particulars, notably in the relative lengths of the 
two pairs of posterior processes, in the bilobed exopod of the second 
antennae, and in the position of the maxillipeds relative to the other 


no. 2068. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 709 


mouth parts. The manuscript notes and sketches of Dr. M. T. 
Thompson have been of great service in making out the foregoing 


description. 
BRACHIELLA MITRATA, new species. 


Plate 54, fig. 225, plate 55, figs. 235 to 238. 


Host and record of specimens.—Four adult females with egg strings 
were obtained by Dr. M. T. Thompson from the gills of the tilefish, 
Lopholatilus chameleonticeps, off Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Three 
of them are numbered 39594, U.S.N.M., and become paratypes; the 
fourth is made the type of the new species with the number 43559, 
U.S.N.M. A single rather poor specimen was obtained from the 
same host and locality by the present author, and has been numbered 
39589, U.S.N.M. 

Specific characters of female——Cephalothorax short and very thick- 
set, and curved so that the axis of the head is at right angles to the 
frunk; a small dorsal carapace; groove separating the cephalo- 
thorax from the trunk obscure; trunk flattened dorso-ventrally, a 
little longer than wide, narrowed anteriorly and obliquely truncated 
(mitered) posteriorly; genital process on the ventral surface with a 
laminate posterior process on either side of it; egg strings cylindrical 
and as long as the entire parasite; eggs arranged in 6 longitudinal 
rows, about 25 in a row. 

First antennae three-jointed, the basal jomt much stouter than the 
others, the terminal joint tipped with three stout setae. 

Second antennae turned down squarely across the frontal margin, 
the exopod (ventral) much smaller than the endopod, two-jointed and 
tipped with two short spines, the endopod rounded and unarmed. 
First maxillae slender and tipped with two long spines and a shorter 
one on the outer margin; palp short and stout and tipped with two 
spines. Second maxillae short, about the same diameter throughout, 
and separate to the very end, where they are joined to a short- 
stemmed, button-shaped bulla. Maxillipeds with a stout basal joint 
and a slender terminal claw, carrying an accessory spine on its inner 
margin near the tip. 

Color (preserved material), a uniform brownish-yellow. 

Total length, excluding egg strings, 6 mm. Cephalothorax 2.35 
mm. long, 1.15 mm. wide. Second maxillae, 1.15 mm. long. Egg 
strings, 5 mm. long. 

(mitratus, mitred or cut off diagonally, alluding to the posterior 
margin of the trunk.) 

Male.—Unknown. 

Remarks.—This species may be readily distinguished by the short 
and very thick neck, by the laminate posterior processes, and by the 
oblique truncation of the posterior part of the trunk. Here, again, 
the notes and sketches of Doctor Thompson have been of great value 
to the present author. 


ral kG PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


BRACHIELLA PINGUIS, new species, 
Plate 55, figs. 239 to 244; plate 56, fig. 245. 


Host and record of specumens.—Two adult females with egg strings, 
one young female and a male of this species were ie fe the 
mouth of Antimora viola by the Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross 
in 1883 in the middle Atlantic south of Newfoundland. The better 
of the adult females has received Cat. No. 43540, U.S.N.M. and is 
made the species type; the others become paratypes and have been 
given Cat. No. 8341, U.S.N.M. 

Specific characters of female.—Cephalothorax short, stocky, and 
cylindrical, not flattened; head enlarged a little and covered with a 
dorsal carapace; neck separated from the trunk dorsally by a well- 
defined groove; trunk ovate and smooth, without ridges or pits; two 
small posterior processes, close together on the ventral surface and 
about one-third as long as the egg strings; no genital process; egg 
strings stout and a little longer than the trunk; eggs small, arranged 
in twelve longitudinal rows, about 30 eggs in the longest rows. First 
antennae three-jomted and tapered regularly from base to tip; second 
antennae biramose and turned down squarely across the frontal 
margin, the exopod (ventral) very small and two-jointed. Mouth- 
tube wide and long, reaching the tips of the second antennae. First 
maxillae three-partite, the outer ramus much smaller than the 
others, the palp slender and tipped with a single seta. Second 
maxillae short and stocky, entirely separate to the tips in the young 
female, but more or less fused in the adults; bulla button-shaped. 

iieedlineda jarge and standing out prominently from the head, 
terminal claw stout, but only half the length of the basal joint, w ith 
an accessory claw on the inner margin. 

Color (preserved material), a brownish-yellow. 

Cephalothorax, 4.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide. Trunk, 5 mm. long, 
without the posterior processes, 3.25 mm. wide, 3 mm. thick. Egg 
strings, 6. mm. long, 1.40 mm. in diameter. 

Specific characters of male.—Cephalothorax at an angle of 45° with 
the axis of the trunk; head covered with a dorsal carapace; waist only 
a groove dorsally; trunk spindle-shaped and curved so that the 
conical anal laminae point ventrally. 

First antennae slender and three-jointed; endopod of second pair 
bent over backward nearly at right angles, exopod ending in a chela. 
First maxillae like those of the female; second maxillae slender and 
very much longer than the maxillipeds; the latter triangular and 
rather small, but armed with a powerful claw. 

Color (preserved material), yellowish-white. 

Total length, 1.15 mm. Greatest diameter, 0.5 mm. 

(pinguis, stocky or plump.) 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. ala 


Remarks.—This new species from one of the deep-water fishes may 
be recognized by its generally plump appearance, by the well defined 
dorsal carapace of the female, and by the two long and slender ventral 
processes. The peculiar characters in the male are the short and 
plump body, the small carapace, and the folding of the endopod of the 
second antennae. 


BRACHIELLA NITIDA, new species. 


Plate 56, figs. 246 to 248. 


Host and record of specimens.—A single adult female with egg 
strings was obtained by the Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross 
from the mouth of Albatrossia pectoralis, at station 5015 in the 
northern Pacific in 1906. The specimen was perfectly preserved and 
easily determined to be a new species; it becomes the species type and 
has received Cat. No. 43584, U.S.N.M. 

Specific characters of female.—Cephalothorax slender, flattened 
dorso-ventrally, and as long as the trunk; head enlarged and covered 
with a dorsal carapace; neck grooved in several places as though 
jointed; trunk a flattened sphere, with a smooth and evenly curved 
surface; two short posterior processes, close together on the ventral 
surface, and two-fifths as long as the trunk; egg strings over twice the 
length of the trunk and stout; eggs in 10 or 12 longitudinal rows, 
about 45 in the longest rows; no genital process. First antennae 
three-jointed, the basal joint much enlarged; second antennae bira- 
mose and turned down squarely across the frontal margin, the exopod 
two-jointed and reaching the tip of the endopod. Mouth tube short 
and narrow at the tip, not reaching the second antennae. First 
maxillae tripartite, the palp short and armed with a single seta. 

Second maxillae slender, longer than the cephalothorax, and sepa- 
rate for their entire length; bulla small and mushroom-shaped. 

Maxillipeds some distance behind the mouth-tube, rather slender, 
but standing out prominently from the head, with a short terminal 
claw, whose inner margin carries a series of minute teeth. 

Color (preserved material), white. 

Cephalothorax, 4 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide. Trunk, 3.80 mm. long, 
3.75 mm. wide, 2.5 mm. thick. Egg strings, 8 mm. long, 1 mm. in 
diameter. 

(nitidus, dapper, neat.) 

Male.—Unknown. 

Remarks.—This is a peculiarly neat and clean looking species and 
may be recognized by the prominent maxilipeds, by the long and 
slender second maxillae, and by the exceptionally long egg strings. 
In the second antennae also there is a great difference in size between 
the two rami. 


fale PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


BRACHIELLA APPENDICULOSA (Kifyer). 


Anchorella appendiculosa KréyvER, 1863, p. 306, pl. 16, fig. 6, a to e. 


Hostand record of specumens.—Kr¢yer took a single specimen of this 
species in April, 1853, at New Orleans, Louisiana, from the gills of a 
fish, ‘‘a Corvina or possibly a Pagellus, because I have no certain 
recollection of it and made no written notes.” 

Specific characters of female.—Cephalothorax longer than the trunk 
and made up of two parts, an elongated head covered with a brown 
carapace, and a thick, wrinkled neck; trunk thick and broad, obcor- 
date in outline; four cylindrical posterior processes, the dorsal pair 
somewhat smaller than the ventral and farther apart, the ventral pair 
nearer together and longer than the trunk; genital process short and 
nearer the dorsal surface; egg strings large and a little longer than the 
processes. 

Second antennae biramose, turned down across the frontal margin, 
the posterior or ventral ramus a little smaller and apparantly three- 
jointed. First antennae close to the mouth-tube near its base, two- 
jointed, the joints standing almost at a right angle to each other. 
Second maxillae three-fifths as long as the cephalothorax, situated at 
the posterior end of the neck, close to the trunk. Each maxilla is 
broad at the base and pointed toward the tip, where it is attached to a 
small, spherical bulla. 

Maxillipeds large and prominent, the basal joint armed on the inner 
margin with roughened knobs and spines, the terminal claw with an 
accessory spine on the inner margin near the base. 

Color, milk-white. 

Total length, 8.75 mm. Cephalothorax, 4.85 mm. long. Trunk, 
3.90 mm. long. Posterior processes, 4.25 mm. long. 

(appendiculosa, with many small appendages). 

Remarks.—This species has never been seen by any investigator 
other than Krégyer, but his description and figures are suflicient to 
establish the validity of the species, and since it was obtained at New 
Orleans it must be included in our North American forms. 

There is good hope that it may be rediscovered when the fish of that 
locality are more carefully examined. 


BRACHIELLA GRACILIS Wilson. 
Brachiella gracilis Wrson, 1908, p. 464, pl. 77. 


Host and record of specimens.—Both sexes and several develop- 
mental stages were taken by Dr. J. F. McClendon from the mouth of 
the white sea bass, Cynoscion nobilis, at La Jolla, California. 

These were made the types of the species and were given Cat. No. 
38577, U.S.N.M. 

Remarks.—This species was fully described and figured in the refer- 
ence given above. It may be recognized by the length and slender- 


No. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILASON. 718 


a een Nr OEE I a es 
ness of the second maxillipeds, by the fact that they are held together 
for their entire length without being actually fused, and by the long 
genital process. 


PARABRACHIELLA, new genus. 


Generic characters of female-—Of large size (14 to 17 mm. long); 
cephalothorax of medium length and separated from the trunk by a 
well-defined groove, cylindrical and flexuose; a more or less distinct 
carapace on the head; trunk also cylindrical, somewhat flattened 
dorso-ventrally, without pits or grooves; one or two pairs of posterior 
processes and a minute,genital process. 

First antennae four-jointed; second antennae biramose, the exopod 
with two segments; first maxillae bipartite, the palp with two tiny 
spines; second maxillae united only at the tips; maxillipeds of the 
usual form, the terminal claw with two accessory spines on the inner 
margin. 

Generic characters of male.—Head at right angles with the rest of 
the body, but so thoroughly fused as to show no trace of separation 
or segmentation; no dorsal carapace; body strongly inflated, the 
dorsal surface a semicircle, the ventral surface nearly straight, 
tapering posteriorly and terminating in two small anal laminae at 
right angles to the body axis. 

First antennae three-jointed; second antennae biramose, the rami 
reduced to mere knobs; first maxillae tripartite; second maxillae and 
maxillipeds relatively very small, close together, and removed a little 
from the base of the mouth tube. 

Type.—Parabrachiella rostrata (Brachiella rostrata Krgyer). 

(Parabrachiella, Tapa, near and Brachiella.) 

Remarks.—This genus includes at present only two species, rostrata, 
originally described by Kr¢yer in 1837 from halibut taken at Kattegat, 
and insidiosa, described by Heller in 1865 from a Gadus species in 
the Mediterranean. The former has been noted by numerous writers 
as found on the halibut along the coasts of Scandinavia, Scotland, 
and eastern North America. The latter has also been found in 
various portions of the Mediterranean and around the British Isles, 
chiefly upon hake, Merluccius vulgaris. 

The female of the genus may be recognized by its large size, by the 
groove between the cephalothorax and trunk, by the absence of pits 
and grooves, and by the short posterior processes. 

The male is distinguished by the angulation of the head, and by 
the fact that the body is neither segmented nor constricted. 


TABLE OF SPECIES. 


1. Only one pair of posterior processes............... rostrata (Krgyer), 1837, p. 714. 
iL diwo pairs Of posterior processes. --55<s.-s<2 se ==545- 052 - insidiosa (Heller), 1865. 


714 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


PARABRACHIELLA ROSTRATA (Krfyer). 
Plate 28, fig. O; plate 56, figs. 249 to 255. 


Brachiella rostrata Kréyer, 1837, p. 207, pl. 2, fig. 1—T. Scorr, 1900, p. 174, pl. 8, 

figs. 38 and 39. 

Host and record of specimens.—The United States National Museum 
collection includes two lots of this species; the first, three females, 
was taken from halibut near Shetland and was sent by Rev. A. M. 
Norman, of England, in 1884; they bear Cat. No. 8343, U.S.N.M. 
The second lot of four adult females with egg strings was obtained 
from halibut on the Georges Banks by a Gloncester fishing vessel in 
1883, and bears Cat. No. 6212, U.S.N.M. 

Specific characters of female.—Cephalothorax as long as the trunk, 
cylindrical, not flattened, and distinctly separated from the trunk by 
a groove behind the second maxillae; head not enlarged, but covered 
with a dorsal carapace which is squarely truncated anteriorly; neck 
about the same diameter throughout; trunk strongly flattened dorso- 
ventrally, four times the width but only twice the thickness of the 
neck; two minute conical posterior processes on the ventral surface 
close to the midline; egg strings one-half longer than the trunk and 
narrow; eggs in 10 longitudinal rows, about 40 in the longest rows. 

First antennae indistinctly four-jointed, with an enlarged base; 
second antennae biramose and turned down squarely across the 
frontal margin, the endopod (dorsal ramus) one-jointed with a few 
minute spines, the exopod (ventral ramus) two-jointed and unarmed. 

First maxillae bipartite with a small palp; second maxillae cylin- 
drical, tapering toward the tips, where they are joined by a club- 
shaped bulla. Maxillipeds with a stout basal joint and a slender 
terminal claw; the latter is arched dorsally, straight ventrally, and is 
reinforced on the inner margin near the tip by two secondary spines. 

Color (preserved material), a brownish-yellow. 

Cephalothorax, 6 mm. long, 1.25 mm. in diameter. Trunk, 6.5 
mm. long, 4 mm. wide, and 2.30 mm. thick. Egg strings, 8.50 mm. 
long, 1.25 mm. in diameter. 

Specific characters of male.—Axis of head at right angles to that of 
the body, the two thoroughly fused, strongly inflated, and without 
any traces of separation or segmentation; trunk convex dorsally, 
flattened’ ventrally, and tapered posteriorly where it ends in two- 
minute anal laminae, directed diagonally backward and ventrally. 

First antennae slender and three-jointed; second antennae bira- 
mose, both rami reduced to mere knobs. 

First maxillae tripartite, the palp minute and ending in a single 
spine; second maxillae slender but no longer than the maxillipeds; 
the latter a little stouter and with a stronger terminal claw. 

Color like that of the female. 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILNSON. 715 


Total length, 2mm. Greatest diameter, 1 mm. 

(rostrata, furnished with a rostrum or beak.) 

Remarks.—This species is apparently common upon the halibut of 
the northern Atlantic wherever they are captured. It is sufficiently 
distinguished by the characteristics given under the genus. Atten- 
tion is particularly called to the strong contrast between the males 
of this genus and Brachiella in their general bodily appearance as 
well as in the details of the appendages. 


EPIBRACHIELLA, new genus. 


Generic characters of female.—Of medium size (10 mm. long); 
cephalothorax cylindrical and about the same length as the trunk, 
separated from the latter by a distinct groove; trunk strongly flattened 
dorso-ventrally and without pits or grooves; six short and pointed 
posterior processes, all about the same length; no genital process; 
egg strings much longer and stouter than the processes. 

First antennae four-jointed, the basal joint much inflated; second 
antennae biramose and turned down across the frontal margin. 
First maxillae bipartite, the palp with two minute spines; second 
maxillae of varying length and branched at or near their center. 
Maxillipeds with a stout basal joint, armed on its inner margin with 
spines and setae, the terminal claw with an accessory spine and a 
row of saw teeth. 

Generic characters of male-—Head and body in the same line and 
separated by a well-defined groove; no dorsal carapace; trunk a 
httte wider than the cephalothorax and distinctly segmented, taper- 
ing posteriorly to two bluntly rounded anal laminae. 

Second maxillae larger than the maxillipeds, the two attached to 
the center of the cephalothorax, close behind the other mouth parts; 
no data with reference to the antennae or maxillae. 

Type.—Epibrachiella vmpudica (Brachiella impudica Nordmann.) 

(Hpibrachiella, éxt close to, and Brachiella.) 

Remarks.—At present this genus includes but the single species 
impudica, which was well described and figured by Nordmann in 
1832. 

Since then it has been noticed by various other investigators up 
to 1899 when Bassett-Smith tried to change the species from the 
genus Brachella to Thysanote. In this he was followed by T. and A. 
Scott (1900, 1902, 1904, and 1913). But if we compare the females 
we find in the present genus a total absence of the fimbriate proc- 
esses, which are the chief characteristics of Thysanote, a very dif- 
ferent cephalothorax, and numerous distinctions in the detail of the 
antennae and mouth parts. The males are even more unlike than 
the females in the separation of the cephalothorax and trunk and in 
the segmentation of the latter (see pl. 26, fig. F.). 


716 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


PROBRACHIELLA, new genus. 


Generic characters of female——Cephalothorax nearly in line with 
the trunk and arched; head covered with a dorsal carapace; trunk 
subquadrilateral, a little narrowed anteriorly, separated from the 
cephalothorax by a well-defined groove; four pairs of posterior proc- 
esses, one pair at the ventral, another at the dorsal, posterior corners, 
a third pair partly fused on the dorsal midline, and a fourth pair just 
outside the third and fused with them at their base; no abdomen, anal 
laminae, or genital process; egg strings short and spherical. First 
antennae indistinctly three-jointed; second antennae a flattened 
lamella, biramose at the tip but with the rami unsegmented and 
unarmed. First maxillae tripartite, without a palp; second maxillae 
very short and completely fused; maxillipeds with swollen basal 
joints and weak terminal claws. 

Generic characters of male.—Cephalothorax at right angles to the 
trunk axis and separated from the trunk by a slight constriction; no 
dorsal carapace; trunk cone-shaped, somewhat flattened ventrally; 
no anal laminae. First antennae three-jointed; second antennae 
uniramose, indistinctly segmented, tipped with a claw and a corru- 
gated knob. First maxillae like those of the female; second maxillae 
and maxillipeds about the same size and armed with powerful chelate 
claws (see pl. 28, fig. R.). 

Type.—Probrachiella anserina (Brachiella anserina Wilson). 

(Probrachiella, the prefix I7oé and Brachiella.) 

Remarks.—The female is readily distinguished by the eight posterior 
processes and the spherical egg strings, neither character being found 
anywhere else in the entire family. In the male the turning of the 
cephalothorax at right angles to the trunk axis, and the general squat 
appearance of the body, the uniramose second antennae, and the 
chelate second maxillae and maxillipeds are the chief character- 
istics. This is an arctic. species and may be far more common than 
the single lot of specimens would indicate. The fish around Bering 
Straits have hardly been examined at all for parasites; when they are, 
it is possible that this species will be found more abundantly. 

When first described! this species was placed in the genus Brachiella, 
but when the characters of that genus were definitely established this 
species differed in so many particulars that it was necessary to estab- 
lish a new genus for it. At present the generic and specific characters 
are the same. 


EUBRACHIELLA, new genus. 


Generic characters of female.-—Cephalothorax about the same length 
as the trunk, inclined a little forward or nearly in the same line; no 
dorsal carapace; trunk stout and short and separated from the 


1Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, p. 467. 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. Cis ri 


cephalothorax by a distinct groove; no abdomen, anal laminae, or 
posterior processes; genital process so rudimentary as to be scarcely 
visible; egg strings cylindrical and plump. 

First antennae three-jointed; second antennae biramose, both 
rami unsegmented, and unarmed. First maxillae tripartite, the 
palp with one spine; second maxillae short and stout, entirely sep- 
arate and each maxilla attached separately to the host, or to a com- 
mon bulla. Maxillipeds with a swollen basal joint, which is unarmed, 
and a slender terminal claw. 

Generic characters of male.—Cephalothorax longer than the trunk 
and the two separated by a distinct constriction; head covered with 
a dorsal carapace; trunk bent in a half circle so that the posterior 
end points toward the head;"ho anal laminae or traces of segmenta- 
tion. First antennae three-jointed; second antennae uniramose, 
tipped with a curved claw. First maxillae bipartite, without a palp; 
second maxillae a little larger than the maxillipeds, both tipped with 
stout claws. (See pl. 28, fig. P.) 

Type.— Eubrachiella antarctica (Brachiella antarctica Quidor). 

(Eubrachiella, Ed and Brachiella.) 

Remarks.—This genus is distinguished by the fact that the female 
has no posterior processes, the rami of the second antennae are un- 
segmented, and the second maxillae are either entirely separate or 
are separately attached to a common bulla. The male differs even 
more, and shows a condition about half way between a typical 
Brachiella male and that found in the genus Clavella and its near 
relatives. The body has been folded upon itself until the posterior 
end of the trunk points as directly forward as in Clavellodes, but there 
has been no fusion, and the trunk is clearly differentiated from the 
cephalothorax; and according to Quidor the second antennae are 
uniramose and terminate in a prehensile claw. The genus includes 
two species, both obtained in the antarctic by the French expedi- 
tions under the command of Jean Charcot. 


TABLE OF SPECIES. 


1. Trunk quadrilateral, first maxillae tripartite............. antarctica (Quidor), 1906. 
1. Trunk obcordate, first maxillae bipartite. .................. gaint (Quidor), 1912. 
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Bidrag til Kundskab om Snyltekrebsene. Idem, ser. 3, vol. 2, 
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720 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 


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no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. Gow 


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dian Institute, n. s., vol. 1, pp. 243-254, pls. 1, 2. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
PLATE 25. 
Male genus types. 


Fig. A. Achtheresambloplitis. Fig. B. Lernaeopoda bidiscalis (after Kane). Fig. C. 
Brachietla thynni. Fig. D. Lernaeopodina relata. 


Puate 26. 
Male genus types. . 


Fig. B. Clavellisa cordata. Fig. F. Epibrachiella impudica (after Nordmann). 
Fig. G. Thysanoie longimana. Fig. H. Thysanotella multifimbriata (after Bassett- 
Smith). Fig. 1. Charopinus dentatus. 


PLATE 27. 
Male genus types. 
Fig. J. Naobranchia lizae. Fig. K. Clavellopsis laciniata. Fig. L. Clavellodes rugosa 


Fig. M. Clavella uncinata. 
IPPATE: 288 


Male genus types. 


Fig. N. Vanbenedenia krgyert (after Olsson). Fig. O. Parabrachiella rostrata. Fig. 
P. Eubrachiella antarctica (after Quidor). Fig. R. Probrachiella anserina. 


PLaTE 29. 
Females of Salmincola californiensis and S. salmonea. 


Fig. 16, dorsal view, S. californiensis (after Dana). Fig. 17, side view. Fig. 18, 
side view, S. salmonea. Fig. 19, dorsal view of head. Fig. 20, side view, showing 
first (a') and second (a?) antennae, and first maxilla (mz!). Fig. 21, maxilliped. 
Fig. 22, genital process enlarged, showing spermatophores (s) in position. Fig. 22a, 
firstantenna. Fig. 22b,second antenna. Fig. 22c, mandible. Fig. 22d, first maxilla. 


Pate 30. 
Females of Salmincola siscowet and S. edwardsit. 


Fig. 23, side view, S. siscowet. Fig. 24, dorsal view of head. Fig. 25, second an- 
tenna. Fig. 26, mandible. Fig. 27, first maxilla. Fig. 28, maxilliped. Fig. 29, 
papilla of maxilliped enlarged. Fig. 30, side view, S. edwardsii. Fig. 31, dorsal 
view of head. Fig. 32, second antenna. Fig. 33, mandible. Fig. 34, first maxilla. 
Fig. 35, maxilliped. 

34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47—14-—46 


722 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 47. 
ee 
PuaTeE 31. 


Females of Salmincola oquassa, S. bicauliculata and S. falculata. 


Fig. 36, side view, S. oquassa. Fig. 37, dorsal view of head. Fig. 38, second an- 
tenna. Fig. 39, first maxilla. Fig. 40, maxilliped. Fig. 41, side view, S. bicaulicu- 
lata. Fig. 42, dorsal view of head. Fig. 43, side view, S. faleulata. Fig. 44, dorsal 
view of head (inverted). 

IPTAGH To: 


Females of Salmincola thymalli, S. inermis, and S. beant. 


Fig. 45, side view, S. thymalli. Fig. 46, dorsal view of head. Fig. 47, side view, 
S. inermis. Fig. 48, dorsal view of head. Fig. 49, first antenna. Fig. 50, second 
antenna. Fig. 51, first maxilla. Fig. 52, side view, S. beani. Fig. 53, dorsal view 
of head. . 

PLATE 33. 


Females of Salmincola carpenteri and S. gibber. 


Fig. 54, side view, S. carpenteri. Fig. 55, dorsal view of head. Fig. 56, second 
antenna. Fig.57, mandible. Fig. 58, first maxilla. Fig. 59, maxilliped. Fig. 60, 
side view, young female, showing genital process. Fig. 61, side view, S. gibber. Fig. 
62, dorsal view of head. 

PuaTE 34. 


Females of Achtheres corpulentus and A. microptert. 


Fig. 63, dorsal view, A. corpulentus (after Kellicott). Fig. 64, dorsal view, A. 
micropteri. Fig. 65, ventral view of antennae and mouth parts; a’ and a’, first 
and second antennae; mz, first maxilla; mrp, maxilliped. Fig. 66, first antenna, 
enlarged. Fig. 67, mandible. i 


PLATE 35. 
Fomales of Achtheres micropteri and A. lacae. 


Fig. 68, side view, A. micropteri. Fig. 69, dorsal view of head. Fig. 70, side view, 
A. lacae. Fig. 71, dorsal view of head. Fig. 72, mouth tube, first and second an- 
tonnae and first maxilla. Fig. 73, second antenna, side view. Fig. 74, maxilliped. 


PiaTe 36. 
Female of Achtheres coregoni and male of A. ambloplitis. 


Fig. 75, side view, A. coregoni. Fig. 76, dorsal view of head. Fig. 77, side view 
of antennac and mouth parts, enlargod. Fig. 78, second antenna. Fig. 79, maxil- 
liped. Fig. 80, ventral view of posterior trunk, showing small abdomen. Fig. 81, 
side view, A. ambloplitis. Fig. 82, first and second antennac and mouth tube. Fig. 
83, second antennac from inner side. Fig. 84, first maxilla. Fig. 85, maxillipeds. 


PLATE 37. 
Female of Achtheres ambloplitis. 
Fig. 86, dorsal view. Fig. 87, side view. Fig. 88, dorsal view of head. Fig. 89, 
ventral view of antennae and mouth parts. Fig. 90, mandible. Fig. 91, bulla. 
PLatTE 38. 
Female of Achtheres pimelodi. 


Fig. 92, dorsal view. Fig. 93, side view. Fig. 94, dorsal view of head. Fig. 95, 
antennae and mouth parts, lettering as in fig. 65. 


no: 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 123 


nn 


PLATE 39. 


Female of Achtheres percarum and males of Lernaeopoda elongata and Lernaeopodina 
relata. 


Fig. 96, side view, A. percarum. Fig. 97, dorsal view of head. Fig. 98, side view, 
young male, LZ. elongata. Fig. 99, side view, L. relata. Fig. 100, second maxilla. 
Fig. 101, maxilliped. 

Puate 40. 


Male and female of Lernaeopodina relata and female of Tracheliastes grandis. 


Fig. 102, side view of mouth parts and antennae, L, relata, male. Fig. 103, side view 
of female. Fig. 104, ventral view of antennae and mouth parts. Fig. 105, maxil- 
liped. Fig. 106, ventral view, T. grandis. Fig. 107, side view of antennae and 
mouth tube. Fig. 108, maxilliped 


PLATE 41. 
Females of Brianella corniger, and Charopinus bicaudatus. 


Fig. 109, side view, B. corniger. Fig. 110, front view of head; an‘ and an? first 
and second antennae. Fig. 111, side view of same, flattened under pressure. Fig. 
112, side view, natural condition; /b, labium. Fig. 113, maxillipeds. Fig. 114, dorsal 
view of head of C. bicaudatus. Fig. 115, first antennae. Fig. 116, mandible. Fig. 
117, first maxilla. Fig. 118, maxilliped. 


PLATE 42, 
Females of Charopinus bicaudatus and Naobranchia lizae. 


Fig. 119, side view, C. bicaudatus. Fig. 120, ventral view of antennae and mouth- 
parts; an! and an”, first and second antennae; mz’, first maxilla, Fig. 121, median 
section of NV. lizae; a, anus; 7, intestine; mz?, second maxillae; n, thickened car- 
tilage around the muscle strands; oe, esophagus; s, stomach sr, semen receptacle; 
z, y, and z, points at which the enlarged figures 123, 126, and 133 were taken; *, 
point corresponding to the one in the shoulders where the maxillary glands are sit- 
uated. Fig. 122, median section of head, enlarged; fq, frontal gland; ig, and sg, infra 
and supra-esophageal ganglia; m, mouth; oc, esophagus; p, posterior nerve; s, stomach. 
Fig. 123, section z of fig. 121, enlarged; ge, gland cells of stomach; s, skin; sct, subcu- 
taneous tissue. Fig. 124, section of second maxillae; m, muscle bands; 0, open 
spaces connecting the muscle bands; s, skin. 


PLATE 43. 
Female of Naobranchia lizae. 


Fig. 125, maxillary gland. Fig. 126, section z of fig. 121, enlarged. Fig. 127, side 
view of adult. Fig. 128, side view of young, showing maxillae freed at their tips. 
Fig. 129, side view of head, showing the peculiar lateral appendages. Fig. 130, sec- 
ond antennae. Fig. 131, ventral view of fused trunk and abdomen. Fig. 132, dorsal 
view. 

Puate 44, 


Female and male of Naobranchia occidentalis. 


Fig. 133, section y of fig. 121, enlarged. Fig. 134, section of egg, showing blastoderm 
disk and large central vacuoles. Fig. 135, ventral view of antennae and mouth parts 
of N. lizae. Fig. 136, dorsal view, N. occidentalis. Fig. 137, ventral view of antennae 
and mouth parts. Fig. 138, ventral view of head, showing peculiar lateral append- 
ages. Fig. 139, side view of male. 


724 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 


PLATE 45. 
Female and male of Clavella perfida, and female of C. tumida. 


Fig. 140, side view, C. perfida, female. Fig. 141, ventral view, showing genital 


process and maxillary glands. Fig. 142, ventral view of antennae and mouth parts, | 
Fig. 143, side view of male. Fig. 144, side view, C. tumida. Fig. 145, ventral view of | 


antennae and mouth parts. Fig. 146, first maxilla. Fig. 147, maxilliped of male. 
PLATE 46. 
Male of Clavella tumida, female and male of C. canaliculata, and female of C. insolita. 


Fig. 148, side view, male C. twmida. Fig. 149, side view, female C. canaliculata. 
Fig. 150, ventral view of antennae and mouth parts. Fig. 151, side view of male. 


Fig. 152, ventral view of C. insolita. Fig. 153, antennae and mouth parts, an/ and | 


an?, first and second antennae; mv’, first maxilla; mxp, maxilliped. 
PuatTeE 47. 
Female of Clavella levis, and female and male of Clavella pinguis. 


Fig. 154, side view, C. levis. Fig. 155, antennae and mouth parts. Fig. 156, side 


view of adult female of C. pinguis. Fig. 157, side view of young female. Fig. 158, | 
antennae and mouth parts. Fig. 159, second maxillae showing line of separation. — 


Fig. 160, side view of male. Fig. 161, antennae and first maxilla, enlarged. 
PLATE 48, 
Female of Clavella squamigera, and female and male of Clavella uncinata. 


Fig. 162, side view, C. squamigera. Fig. 163, ventral view, showing scales around 
second maxillae. Fig. 164, antennae and mouth parts. Fig. 165, second antennae. 


Fig. 166, maxilliped. Fig. 167, first antenna and first maxilla of female C. uncinata. | 


Fig. 168, maxilliped. Fig. 169, section through the center of the bulla. Fig. 170, 
side view of male. Fig. 171, firstand second antennae of male. Fig. 172, first maxilla. 


Fig. 173, maxilliped. 
PuaTE 49. 


Female of Clavella uncinata, female and male of C. irina, and female of Clavellopsis 
robusta. 


Fig. 174, antennae and mouth parts of C. uncinata. Fig. 175, mandible. Fig. 176, 
claw of maxilliped (last two figures by R. Rathbun). Fig. 177, side view of female 
of C.irina. Fig. 178, antennae and mouth parts. Fig. 179, ventral view of posterior 
trunk, showing genital process and peculiar fleur-de-lis. Fig. 180, side view of male. 
Fig. 181, second antenna. Fig. 182, dorsal view of C. robusta, showing short posterior 
processes. 

PuaTE 50. 
Females of Clavella recta and Clavellopsis producta, and female and male of Clavellisa 
spinosa. 


Fig. 183, side view, C. recta. Fig. 184, antennae and mouth parts. Fig. 185, side 
view, C. producta. Fig. 186, antennae and mouth parts. Fig. 187, cell filament and 
egg of Clavellisa cordata. Fig. 188, antennae and mouth parts of @. spinosa. Fig. 189, 


side view of male. 
Prats: 5. 


Female and male of Clavellodes rugosa. 


Fig. 190, ventral view of cephalothorax and dorsal view of trunk. Fig. 191, dorsal 
view of head. Fig. 192, ventral view. Fig. 193, first antenna. Fig. 194, second 


no. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. (O75) 


antenna. Fig. 195, same, different view. Fig. 196, first maxilla. Fig. 197, maxil- 
liped. Fig. 198, longitudinal section of male; e, blind end of intestine; fy, frontal 
gland; ig and sg, infra- and supra- esophageal ganglia; ge, gland cells; mp, maxilli- 
pedal gland; oe, esophagus; s, stomach; sp, spermatozoa; sph, spermatophore; stc, sper- 
matocyte; stg, spermatogonia; ¢, testis. Fig. 199, first and second antennae of male. 


PuLaTE 52. 
Female of Clavellisa spinosa, and female and male of Clavellisa cordata. 


Fig. 200, ventral view of cephalothorax and dorsal view of trunk of C. spinosa. 
Fig. 201, ventral view of female of C. cordata. Fig. 202, side view. Fig. 203, antennae 
and mouth parts. Fig. 204, first antenna. Fig. 205, second antenna. Fig. 206, 
mandible. Fig. 207, maxilliped. Fig. 208, side view of male. 


PLATE 53. 
Female and male of Brachiella thynni and of B. gulosa. 


Fig. 209, side view, B. thynni. Fig. 210, dorsal view of trunk. Fig. 211, second 
antennae and first maxillae. Fig. 212, second antenna, enlarged. Fig. 213, maxil- 
liped. Fig. 214, side view of male. Fig. 215, antennae and first maxillae. Fig. 216, 
posterior trunk of B. gulosa, showing genital process. Vig. 217, first maxilla. Fig. 218, 
maxilliped. Fig. 219, side view of male. Fig. 220, first and second antennae, after 
sketch by M. T. Thompson. 

PLATE 54, 


Females of Brachiella gulosa and B. mitrata, and female and male of B. elegans. 


Fig. 221, side view, B. gulosa. Fig. 222, antennae and mouth parts. Fig. 223, 
second antenna, enlarged (from M. T. Thompson). Fig. 224, mandible. Fig. 225, 
antennae and mouth parts of B. mitrata. Fig. 226, first antenna of B. elegans, female. 
Fig. 227, second antenna, both antennae by M. T. Thompson. Fig. 228, first maxilla. 
Fig. 229, maxilliped. Fig. 230, side view of male of B. elegans. Fig. 231, first and 
second antennae by M. T. Thompson. Fig. 232, first maxilla. Fig. 233, claw of 
second maxilla. 

Puate 55. 


Females of Brachiella elegans and B. mitrata, and female and male of B. pinguis. 


Fig. 234, side view, B. elegans. Fig. 235, side view, B. mitrata. Fig. 236, first 
antenna. Fig. 237, first maxilla. Fig. 238, maxilliped. Fig. 239, first antenna and 
first maxilla of B. pinguis. Fig. 240, second antenna. Fig. 241, maxilliped. Fig. 
242, side view of male B. pinguis. Fig. 243, firstantenna. Fig. 244, second antenna. 


PLATE 56. 
Females of Brachiella pinguis, B. nitida, and Parabrachiella rostrata. 


Fig. 245, side view, B. pinguis. Fig. 246, side view, B. nitida. Fig. 247, antennae 
and mouth parts. Fig. 248, maxilliped. Fig. 249, side view, P. rostrata. Fig. 250, 
antennae and mouth parts, drawn by R. Rathbun. Fig. 251, second antenna. Fig. 
252, mandible. Fig. 253, first maxilla. Fig. 254, second maxilla of male. Fig. 255, 
maxilliped of male. 


ar Sees 
TOES, 


ay 


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a 
ie 


1 
mw 
ae = 
> 
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, 
Tu" 
hy 
ae 
" te APR 
i Sate eS 
Po Po Lae 
; t . "1 
* " sd 
? “ 
" 
- * 
7 a 
a, ; 
_ - “ 
AAs. i = 
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Achtheres; centiss:.26220 0 82/5 2 ~- 
Achtheres ambloplitis. .....------ 
Carpenterl a. seem == 
coregoni....- at Sine erate 


DEFCAnUM so ehe sce eee 2 
pimelodiy.-.5-— =< =: >= 

reehovo lige syne ae bs Ge eee ter 
RelAaGhiOnuwnes= sess 
Amehorelia, COnUsy = \ 2.5 c- 213 
Anchorellar-aduneaesss2---+. 255 - 
Eyed bts) ee eet eee 

GU AtA Oe ea eters 

AnoOmMaldee ase So ac es 
appendiculata.......-- 
appendiculosa.......-- 
Canthaneeeeececec jess 

CAnUSIRe RE Serer ees 
Cenirodomiieaes. jase ee 

Characiseens ease 


GLASSAYaeeeee eet 
Geniticishes ee eeaaaaee 
dilatata eee eee 
elongataz. saee ee. inne 
emarcingte)= 202. .\3.0- 
atl axsey see pe eee ee eee 
OSGUIS Sse: See ee eae 
LINGONMNeMIA ee see ee eee 
LaGin a tae ee 
lacenullaeeee geen see 
hrehisdiess eee es oie 


sciaenophila.///22....2 
SCOmMb rite eee 
simplex cee sa See ee 
stellstaeece ssc oreo 
SU bliss nese see eae 
D@TNUNIS Beene eee seers 
bnig eu see iis cctomie 
TOO pipe seer ee oeee 


INDEX. 
Page. 

Gli AUN tenn RG casas es aoe tamee meme ses 
626) |) Acrtenn ules ssa eer ererare 
GS mA ppendages e242 ses 
623) |) Basanistes, genus!=2 22225 see. eee 
619 | Basanistes coregoni.........------ 
622 nw Chonis sheen 
620 nordmanni..._/- 1 225 
6297 Biblio gray ny seeerer tes eee seer 
628) |eBodiyatorm= femaleseent ss -— =e 
GLO MP Bod wy torn. tial eae san eer 
GlssBrachiella cenuseseee = ase 
667 |} Brachiella-anserinas:2 25252 <0. - 
667 antarchiChes ae eee ee ae 
668 appendiculata (Krdyer) 
668 appendiculata (Steen- 
668 strup and Liitken). .- 
668 appendiculosa (Krdyer) 
668 appendiculosa (B. 
669 SHUT Tt) Cae aa Neate 
668 DISpINOSAeeee seer 
669 chavesiit.:.<5 4c seaaa* 
668 chevrewxdi (= 8.5. ass. 
668 CONCa Vase er ee 
668 dentatas22=. 5 eases 3 
668 elegans 2a. See eS 
669 Xda SL 
668 MUON NM eee a Ane 
669 (et OW le ese i Co tte ee 
669 PTACINGES ANCES Nearer: : 
669 Pulosasse sea eee as ae 
669 OB TITS es eeee sea eee 
669 AD UC Cale ae eee 
669 IMNGONCInT asses 
668 OV COMN So oon co seacsece 
669 loners. Ye Ges 
669 lophiiia se See Bee 
670 malleus! s...2-- tase 
668 MCENUCCHEeee= =aee eee 
670 TAD eee 
670 MMtra tases ae eee 
670 multifimbriata......-.-- 
670 meclectas ceesseeiselooee 
670 Nitidanscc =% cs ees 
670 OD esas cris cick EE 
668 Oblonpapeiae eee 
670 OVAIGERES saan Calera 
668 Dab kerrsse Sees eens 
668 | pastamacae:i52¢ 2 2o0 2: 
670 Delmennanaae ees ee 
670 PIM OWI ese esas 2 


728 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 47. 
Page. Page. 

Brachiells yamosy.....- 225.0 220525" 700 | Clavellisa cordata..............-. 697 
rostrata: s3-5. ssc ee 702 CInATeInata ss tees 694 
sciaenophila.........-. 703 OValis 2. cs/c-5. eee 696 

BRN ee eae 703 BOOM Te eee! ae 694 

triplag so. te eee 702 BPINOBR. <j tee Soe ers 694 

Brianelia. ‘penug. 022-25. os es 647 | Clavellodes, genus............... 689 
Brianella corniger............-..-: 647 | Clavellodes intermedia............ 690 
Brianellinae, subfamily........... 646 macrotrachelus....... 690 
Bally. (sc ro eae eee 2 581 TP ORS) 27s ae! 690 
Cauloxenus, genus: 2.222522. 665 | Clavellopsis, genus..............-. 686 
Cauloxenus stygius..............- 665 | Clavellopsis fallax................ 687 
Comment elandss< 2555.53) See 590 Tnqumiate ss fp eee 687 
Cestopoda, genus... 5... 2... 5.2 602 DParadoxan*. 50. 2c 687 
Charopinus, genus................. 652 DProduicta . 2223s 688 
Charopinus bicaudatus............ 656 TODUSA.<.. 2.5. 688 
Cluthaeon coe ee 654 BATOU SC ccc t st eee ee 687 

daimantt. 3-2 4c.) 655 SiTUMOgH. = 2) ees 687 

dentatus:... 5-2. sheen 654 | Copepodid stages................. 593 

Gubinse fee ee 654.) Digestive systems 2220s 587 
hippocephalus........ Gb# | SER Olop yee ae ee ft see oe ee 566 

malleus ee ¢54 | Epibrachiella, genus. ............ 715 

pamosus. te ee 654 | Epibrachiella impudica........... 715 

Cire tions: 2524 tee ee a ee 566 | Bsophagus ox, eee eee 28 087 
Clavella, SONU ee ee 666 Eubrachiella, PASTORIS Se eo eee 716 
Clavella-agilis:.-2.:<:-<1eee 668 | Eubrachiella antarctica........._. (aly, 
slates. ies OS 672 UIE ee 717 
anerilata | 255 eee 668 | Excretory system.........2J5. 5. 588 
bergyltae..4 see 671 | Explanation of plates. ........... 721 
breyxcollis..... Aaesees 5. G72) AY ee = ake eee See 576 
eqnalicnlaig~s2 seers. B70) MOOG ee eae en Te 570 

Cant Harte o- 0. eet od oes 669) ||, Hoste \..c 25 5-'. 2a «eee 569 

GhATAGISe 4. a sae 668.) intestine. as. 20. 44.2 ee 587 
denticis...... 672) introduction: 2. eee Gace 565 

dubiae= 2eteee 4 eet hes 672 | Lernaeomyzon, genus. ........... 602 

TBO Gace ee le a a ee 676 | Lernaeopoda, genus.............. 631 

ATV ORS oe ae ee 673 | Lernaeopoda alpina.............. 632 

Irina eee 685 ALCCURIAS ca ee ee 632 

TOVIn eee eee eae 677 DOANE TS coc eee ee 632 
macrotrachelus. ......... 669 bicaudatal-_ 22022 -.-. 632 

GDGSa Re ere ner ae es 670 bicauliculata......... 632 

Papellic ss) e a eee Ie 672 bidiscalis:. 2-7." -. .1635 

yd RN a a 671 broneniarttic 22-2. 2: 634 

Par yan. Aa ee 676 californiensis......- 605 

periida. 2. pens 672 CAarplonists “ele: oe 606 

pingnis:. 2... Cee 678 elavigeras elie oe 632 
quadratansiadh lose oe 672 cluthaes..7 esr 639 

recta... 684 EOrEP Onl s. 2 eeteneS 632 

RObUsta. << 462)o. See 670 coregonorum........ 632 
SCIRGnAES. 6 4 eee 670 cyprinacea ..... tee! RES 
B@uamigera: 2 omelets 679 dalmanni :.3 7.95.2. 2 633 

stellata 2.0, eases Pe 670 edwards. .2hen0.5,< 609 

SHCHAGIT =.) ka eee 671 elongata. . 637 

AtEUIM Osa ee eee ee 670 Cxtensacna: asec ener 632 

ify: | ho Fr yen I NPOANE ioe Se 674 extumescens........ 632 
UUnCINaLAL Ge Johar es -=. -680 falewilata = 2-2. o7c.5 632 
Clavellinae, subfamily. ........_. 649 fontinalis s-32.sc000 5 633 
Clavellisa, genus............ 693 palei{...o: -Accecene 635 


No. 2063. 


NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS—WILSON. 


Lernaeopoda gibber.........-.-... 
INET UA S seh eyo te 


maraenacaeeeaee see 
musteligees esses. 


SG yMineswe tee otc 

Bebastdse se <2 

FSVGTO TN Dec ee, Ae i ee ane 

BIBCOWEba 2) 022 Se 

BPINACIA Macey erp 

pteligtavs sash occu" 

thymallt: 25.2. 52.2 
Lernaeopodidae, family..........- 
Lernaeopodina, genus............. 
Lernaeopodina cluthae............ 
longibrachia...... - 

lonprmanas. <6: 

POLAR Sees ee ny b ie 

Sie C00 UB SU tps seeming ae 

BpPINACis... 2. 22. 
Lernaeopodinae, subfamily........ 
GEOMO OM =2 ss osocleee eunee 2 
Mandi legs: eee ce Ae See 
Wit aerssce coe re fia ee. 
Maxallipeds si. 2.2... Ba i teat 
IMetanapMUB: 2 J-ao.82 06 eee 
Morphology... ).os20% Jo sue 8 
Moupletuibesss-e 4525. ayes ee 
Museles: dorsal: 3. 04-.: 2... see ae 
VeTUrall > se aac We aes eee 


of appendages............ 
Becta lees we AG eae 


Museulareyetem ss! 2 02 oy oe 8 
Naobranchia, genus............-- 


OURS 3 53 cee oe eee tice oe 
RERVONS BVSLCM= 5225 52a ie 


TELE; 230 ees eee le a cn ae ee 
Parabrachiella, genus. ........... 
Parabrachiella insidiosa......._..- 

ROSEEATA a eee ee 


eGiculus, Cenuseso. 50. .cc'soe. 23 
EXC HENSON 2k. © ose eck 
| EnfS) 00 ST er Oe ee 


Probrachiella, genus. ............ 
Probrachiella anserina............. 
Reproductive system............- : 
Respiration: asetaeeese eee es oe 
Salmincola;*cenus 1.0.22 22. Se 
Salmincola alpina <.. 2.252... 4e- 

AT CUURUS Sahel =a eee 

bean: 72 ease, cae 


cCarpenteric 5 e5.3c0e 
carploniss. 2.00) tae 
coregonorum.......... 
Ediwardsilaeeen sues 
OXPCHE ae wee ei uenenne en 
extuimescenssa esas 
falculatar= == sees 
PUD DEI: ee aie 
TNE TINIE ee 


OqUassas {ose eee 
salmonea.........-.. 
BISCOWOUS a cen te 
thymine ee sees 
Schisturtis, eenus® sta) tee ek 
Sexual. dimorphism. 2-50): 10s 
Spermatoplioress2f-.10 pp deus 
Sperm receptacles.......5.2.2..0- 
Stomach ss s2i2 eshte ee 
Stylophorus, genus: 22.322 5.525227 
Swimnmnime legsec22. 22. Sosa. a 
SWSLEMALCL) 2,252 7a 2 2 ee 
Thomsonella, genus............... 
Thomsonella parkeri.............. 
Phynnicola cemisesi eee 
Thysanote-penus. sos. 120.0 ae 
Thysanote appendiculata.......... 

Hmibriatas kan ae 


“ 


lonsumanaie eset aap. 
pomacanthi........... 

Thysanotella, genus..............- 
Thysanotella multifimbriata. ..... 
Tracheliastes, genus............-.. 
Tracheliastes gigas.............---. 
grandes: 205 are 

maculatus? 22.2. .2: 

poly colpuss... 42-2253 

Stellitenss co. Se Ses 
Tracheliastinae, subfamily... .... 
Vanbenedenia, genus............. 

Vanbenedenia krgyeri.........._- 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 25 


) 


\ 


010mm. — 


MALE GENUS TYPEs. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 721, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 26 


MALE GENUS TYPES. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 721. 


- U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 27 


| enn} 
0.10 mm. 


MALE GENUS TYPES. 
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE Wieille 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 28 


MALE GENUS TYPES. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 721. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 29 


FEMALES OF SALMINCOLA CALIFORNIENSIS AND S, SALMONEA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 721. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47. PL. 30 


£ 
. 
: 
e. 


ogte 
‘ete 
& 


FEMALES OF SALMINCOLA SISCOWET AND S. EDWARDSII. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 721. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 31 


FEMALES OF SALMINCOLA OQUASSA, S. BICAULICULATA, AND S. FAUCULATA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 722, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 32 


02 


FEMALES OF SALMINCOLA THYMALLI, S. INERMIS, AND S. BEANI. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 223 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 33 


98 


09 


55 ) 


61 
06 


FEMALES OF SALMINCOLA CARPENTERI AND S. GIBBER. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 722, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 34 


FEMALES OF ACHTHERES CORPULENTUS AND A. MIGROPTERI. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 722. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 35 


FEMALES OF ACHTHERES MICROPTERI AND A. LACAE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 722, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 36 


» 


FEMALE OF ACHTHERES COREGONI AND MALE OF A. AMBLOPLITIS 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 722, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 37 


FEMALE OF ACHTHERES AMBLOPLITIS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 722, 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 38 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


FEMALE OF ACHTHERES PIMELODI 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 722. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL 39 


FEMALES OF ACHTHERES PERCARUM AND MALES OF LERNAEOPODA ELONGATA AND 
LERNAEOPODINA RELATA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 723. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 40 


102 


Bea 


5mm. ) C106 


MIGC00 000. 
ye OOO 


hi iege ete Cag! 
42 


. i 


FEMALES OF LERNAEOPODINA RELATA AND TRACHELIASTES GRANDIS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 723, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 41 


FEMALES OF BRIANELLA CORNIGER AND CHAROPINUS BICAUDATUS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 723. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 42 


FEMALES OF CHAROPINUS BICAUDATUS AND NAOBRANCHIA LIZAE. 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 723. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 43 


SEOLE OVS OBOE 


FEMALES OF NAOBRANCHIA LIZAE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 723. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 44 


FEMALE AND MALE OF NAOBRANCHIA OCCIDENTALIS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 723. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 45 


FEMALE AND MALE OF CLAVELLA PERFIDA, AND FEMALE OF C. TUMIDA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 724, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 46 


IR) 


MALE OF CLAVELLA TUMIDA, FEMALE AND MALE OF C. CANALICULATA, AND FEMALE OF 
C. INSOLITA. 


O.1mm, 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 724, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 47 


i 


54 

2. > 
4 Ke 
3, 
4 
4 
4 
% 
s, 
A 2 
We 


2s 


FEMALE OF CLAVELLA LEVIS, AND FEMALE AND MALE oF C. PINGUIS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 724, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 48 


ON 


FEMALE OF CLAVELLA SQUAMIGERA, AND FEMALE AND MALE oF C. UNCINATA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 724, 


oe a 


estes eee ee 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 49 


FEMALE OF CLAVELLA UNCINATA, FEMALE AND MALE oF C. IRINA, AND FEMALE OF 
CLAVELLOPSIS ROBUSTA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 724, 


_ 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 50 


FEMALES OF CLAVELLA RECTA AND CLAVELLOpSIS PRODUCTA, AND FEMALE AND MALE 
OF CLAVELLISA SPINOSA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 724. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 51 


3} 
BZ 
© 


ee 
a) 

Fr) a 
Eh (4) 
r2 ( |/ 
“IES (8a | 
On} ay a) : 
ed | 
ry ee 
AS /f 
CL /f 


<Q) 


FEMALE AND MALE OF CLAVELLODES RUGOSA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 724, 725. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 52 


-FEMALE OF CLAVELLISA SPINOSA AND FEMALE AND MALE OF C. CORDATA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 725. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 53 


212 
[ 
213 


FEMALE AND MALE OF BRACHIELLA THYNNI AND B. GULOSA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 725. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 54 


FEMALES OF BRACHIELLA GULOSA AND B. MITRATA, AND FEMALE AND MALE OF B. ELEGANS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 725, 


ny : ‘ 
ms AG es 7 ¥ 


peer re 


n° 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 55 


243 0.5mm. 


FEMALES OF BRACHIELLA ELEGANS AND B., MITRATA, AND FEMALE AND MALE oF B. PINGUIS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 725. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 47 PL. 56 


FEMALES OF BRACHIELLA PINGUIS, B. NITIDA, AND PARABRACHIELLA ROSTRATA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 725. 


EIN DEX 


Page 
PANT sata a Htonein inte age oe eet ars 183 
BAINES eek aon sick = ne aS eseeisebecieets 183 
Prammalopicass seats ehe sen een see 183 
MLYANPUNCA Sees ea ei Ses = eS 183 
WAIT a AeQualiseet. 2. cesses on cos se beasties 413 
A‘brochocisiesperanza: <<...) cc2ces des sued ee 170 
INCH Ae AGMOD At anticanaca nae aeons 385 
AGHloraicoonobiatae=.ccc sonst eee ee 244 
sAichroosia nud awake en sss eee 165 
PACH EH eres) pimemeen cen: tant sis). Seen Rees 617 
anibloplitistecerc= sce so eee eee 626 
CATPONTORIS: fac iione ene sete ae 616 
corpulentuse. os 252050. eee eee 619 
Correronts facie Ss. ee eS 623 
Bale eee ets ees ee eee erate 635 
MaGae de ss eee ea ee. aa cee 622 
Mieropterilxccsssos-cs ccs Sad ese 620 
joie hyphens so aOR eR an enososoeenaas 629 
pimMelodic: -. =< ssckienseeecee ces sc 628 
Achiviodes|plausigecn.s sas ce sosesenenee ee ees 153 
LerTens Ssya ee heey cae loce 153 
‘Aicidalia:albocostaliata {2s -s ness... 379 
AcidaliodesionGnge so. ss5 Ses seed eens aes 185 
MAVAPAES Soa ee acess ee sores 185 
MIG AAOR Sseteatecm ace aoaseeee 185 
trun Catas sha... Sate pase oeeeees 185 
USN DOP 552 ee esas eee 185 
ALCL yA ODOR aie hase cee aise see ose acee 162 
PUNnclala sss cece. incense nee een aes 163 
PAC OIAStUISIaMiyaitas =m). ce ee eee ner ween cars 424 
Acrobasis crassisquamella.................-- 331 
(i) ijocarellas = ss eerteaee oe eee 331 
Merolophnus ibactrass5-cssseck eee 67 
ilurcata ess seas ceessose sees 66 
panaMmae:. sa. c-n eo: cctee seeeae 66 
Pidicula ye SOS eee ee 66 
VAC US esa) o is Ses eee eee ee 66 
Acropteryx:herbacealis:.<..-.-:-.<-:ce<-<s-< 311 
PAGTOMIAIG MING bee eiee eae aise se eee ee 177 
ACTOR DEY COme ae dice <inae cies ssceiocetbeeeenae 244 
MCLNUTUS NEP TUNIS 322m 2e dn aeiseons sae 556 
Aculitaamblytaliss ak 22 aes secs teens. 310 
KANLPPOMe aes sce So oene toate ae 310 
Adelocephala adocima......................- 160 
Adelphia Cytherea s-~sties «cc cciennecoeecees 143 
iphicla jac. se eetiaee So ae ees 143 
UPLACS Sse eee eae ee eee eeene 142 
Adenopteryx metallescens.............-..... 302 
Aeschropteryx tetragonata................-.. 241 
PAMTIG RE VINTNGS & (55. oe eiseee Soe eee ene 166 
PMUERISS Sod as cea seas wae aes 166 
Pars] 0) 8h 11s phe cartes eae ERR RRR eee ae 368 
LOLA R Sete eas a aaiarcisikes aislomcintas wale sates ts 368 
Agathodes designalis...............-.--..2-- 276 
Agonopteryx curviliniella................... 38 
PAPOTAOR MMNULS 2 cone aco oe ie ns seat teoeteccs 173 


Page 
AQTAPA CATOLEA cece ance kes ee 252 
COMES a eielteieinaisteineinsinie soe ee CECE Ree 252 
Condat i255 Sse t 520 ee 252 
ZASTaMLishvanillags ose 20 oy eens eee os 141, 423 
Agriopomaiconvexala. 3-5-2 (oe eee ene 413 
APTOS Chabad ara isos yo see ae ee nae 369 
delicatessar ei: 50s be ee rite 369 
75) 0) (2 Var ore ae eee TE IONS take 175 
Aevilasbiopteray ja: 009 -eo. eee ee 164 
miphostibess-saee-eces- ee See 165 
SOTICSA Ae as a ne eee ene riog 165 
Alastoroides mexicanus..................... 514 
AT CIS PAN GEOSOS: fee eee ee ee eee a 243 
plon aria ses tesa. s< ce ee I  e 243 
umMbell daring yee aa ein 243 
ASHTON Cel eChinia so ess ee 156 
Amastus alsa sta face yates sa 424 
AMIDA Ary TACT AlISM esa = cee eee ee 258 
enallassalise 20) 52. so) 3 eee 294 
eNantialiss Acases cece sone ee ees ee 294 
Mavalise sci ee ee) dna togepenli ce ore 293 
LOVCOSbAE 5) APN sehr ene aE 293 
SOU ANS Be 52) kes Sac a a, Re 293 
fulvitinetalis <2. 352 se kee 293 
fuscalisn Sao Genesee nea e 293 
metalophoass--- 4524.5: eee 259 
Daleniodesalis!:/=- 29-5 5st eeee ce 293 
Asnmaloynsulata saemcssese == eee ee 173 
ATOMLA IM TONS Bate eaecee ace a= aoe eee ee 182 
Obliquasiclis! ce oose) eee eee 182 
PalahOM aoe pees Ree eee ae 182 
POPIila sso 5-420 52s se ee eee 182 
Sentalisy- woe ceeascce sees 182 
Solitaria =. jsecdsske een ee 182 
Amphiacusta caraibea..----5-.2.222.-25-ccc- 495 
AUD HIG aS ys Arn ODIae =o anes ase ee nae 242 
Amy dria efirenatellac =. Sean seul 64 
umbraticellas2.- 6.2 eee 64 

AMY Na OCLO a aSeass oon sok eee eee ee 194 
Anablemmajlebana. ss. =: 55. e eee 190 
palliola ss ccceadeece ae 190 
PING Aes eee a2 AL Ne ee 190 
Amacampsisibistrigellass----ss--2-2-252-e eee 9 
Curtella sens. 5225. eee eee 10 
Gorsalis-= es -ssces ak eteseeene 8 
larunculariellas.-sc-) eee i 
peculella: soe ces acs. aaa 7 
phytomiclla= 43-225 -eeeee eee 8 
populellajs 3. S252 ees 7 
terrenolla 323. Ste ace 10 

unistrigella., scion one sane aeee 9 
Amacrapa Culciolay, ces sececa solos see 252 
philetereancecnceeres sca eee ee 252 
Aa e mn Cicae rama aa eee as See ee 172 
UNPTOSPOras = saswss esse See eeaeeee 172 

SPULCA Te ec cemn eee eae ee aaa oe 171 
SQualidas 53.5222 sa555 sna eee 171 


732 INDEX. 

Page Page. 

Analyte pPucilay. 2. sceec = 2= eases eee 278 | Anthidium, names applied to bees of the 
semantris! >. -- 25 5<22snstheewteeee 278 PONUS 323.250 noe cmec ene ceee 87 
Amartia fatima... .2)3s-ce2.s-ncss5en=5 see 142 maculatum: -2 22... -\c22--sesseees 87 
atRO PACs se nas <a eae ie 142,423 | Anthophora footei................- asco 131 
Anchorells @Pilis: 322 see a seee ase eee 668 ETU GIS 3 0:.0nt0c shee io deeee sees 131 
angulata- 322205 2scsstescsses sees 668:,| -Anthanteryx. <<. 5-.5: S=-cosete ta eee 335 
appendiculata.--<_--------.-.-..- 668 PICHST) Garena 336 
appendiculosa.-- .-..---<--20---=- 668 | Anticarsia ferruginea...............--..----- 425 
Cantar. 28 nacecace ence sete eae 669 repuenans.. 5: i227 23 sacee se eee 425 
Carusis © (oan. spacer eee eee 668 | Antiplecta cinerascens..................-..-- 244 
celltrodonti-s 5 -<.---<2-<-s-e-s6 669!) cAmitirrhes miltiades.\.--.12-2-.ce.ceseeeeee 143 
Chiaracisten ns seem nae eee 668, | “Anuraeaaculeata: -.->-2.-.- 0.525 eee 532 
ClaVa:- 22222 2mi0s st scesnn Seco stone 668 Stipitata. ... .2 2 23 2 ee 531 
CLOGS Sh Soe oss eee ee 668'"|""Ammnraeopsisifissa-. £..2.2.252 an ee 532 
Gentieis «2.2226 5: =~ so-neee eae 668" || Anurogryllus muticus: .-..-..4.csese ee eeee 495 
dilatata .). -. = 5 = 522.22: .ehossocdee 669))| (Anypsipylass< -. do.) ccer cc cep ee se a eee 327 
elonpata tre 22. 2 oc s-bo5- teers 668 univitellac .< 5.25.25 eee eees 327 
@marginate...-..-see->--ceeeeeeee 669°} Apantesis proxima..............-....-2.22-- 174 
fallax. S222 anos ieee 669; || ‘Aipatelodes lapitiha.....<.:22-.cd2.2 2 ances 227 
Hostilis..,.22s23.deccccscacacssosee 669 | :Apaustus menes;- 22252512 eee 154 
intermedia =. =z. ese see 669!) Aphirissa statiras. ..:...=2:c.ssese eee eee 140 
laciniata.22<) faces <-5cseee 669,687" | Apicia alteraria...............casdeccepeee ee 241 
lapenilll 5 ooo sn or Jee 669 entochyna.-.: 22. =... - 5. Seer eee 389 
(Lernaca) anomala............-.- 668 @xeraria: . 5.55355 -8.< 20 a ee 241 
dichiae s 20 3c 55 ns seen ees 668 Ny Parise 32 050-2 S5esss snc eee 240 
MIYAO Scan ence cde eee eee 669)\) <Ampistosia judas: 2. -5: 022225 e eee eee 165 
miucrocephala: =. «=< 252keseuseee oes 669 | Aplogompha angusta...........-....-------- 238 
ovalisy. - 65 3.cac cee ee 696, 670, 701 argentilines...<2.2 eee eae cee 239 
Oe) WR ee ee sn 668 chotaria.. 32 sose-2- eee ee 238 
pared Oxaj.2c2scs25 oe. sce see tee 670 costimaculla:-<..33- eae 238, 239 

quadrata..........-...-----+----- 670 | Apoidea and Chalcidoidea collected by the 
RULOSA Ea elas = cde e acer 670, 689, 690 Yale-Dominican Expedition of 1913......-. 131 
Sargi....-..-----------2+-+---- ee. 670} ‘aiola divisa. 22. ..cc-sssee sce ceetese = 227 
sciaenophila.............--------- 670 | Aproaerema nigratomella..............------ 9 
scombri..-...-.-------+-++++-+++- 670 | Apptilosia crocea. 2.< science 164 
simplex.........---.-.+--+++++--- 668 | Arachnophroctonus cockerellae...........--- 515 
Stellata.........--..--+----++++-+- 670°} araeoptera betie.ce/ os </oec- occu. ce ae 184 
SUDUUIS Soe os ease ene ene 668 élamix. «ioc 2-cs eo eee 185 
tenuis.......-.-------+--+++--++-- 668 | Araeopterella miscidisce................-+-+- 189 
triglae.........--.--.-.2-eeereeeee 670 | Arbela necreros.........-----220eseceeeeeeees 350 
uncinata...-...------+++-e+eeeee 680 | Arca (Noetia) ponderosa................----- 412 
urolophi.....----.-----.--...5+-- 670 Archylus euttifascia ..-=2..-.2.-528-seteeeese 251 
Ancipita atteria....-......-..-..-..--..---2- 26 | Areia BPNG< Ged cn es ece~ nose 145 
Ancylostomia argyrophleps...........------- 406°) -aveidia rufa): .<c.2s2:<s<2-0<5- 3 207 
stercorea.....-.----+++++------ 334 | Argyractis harpalis...............---.-----+- 287 
Ancyluris inca mora.......-------.--.---.--- 366 necomialis..... = .. -.u.sfPeeeedeeew ee 287 
Androchart® meones. ---5--=--eeeesesee ase 161 ticonalis.<2s.22... See 287 
AdIeMOSCA 5 jcccdec pasta nate eoee oe ae 399 ‘Arpyria argyrodis?jssca:+-26c.52- eee 318 
basalis...........---+-+-----+-+-- 399 Gentrifigensests2eh 22-3 eee 318 
ASA PAG IA) 8 GUE eee ct eee 192 molybdoplecta.. 2...-5-42c2es see see 317 
IPIStIPMS 2.32. A4e cee ee 192 nivalise-. 5522.22 5 eee 317 
Angulus GONGLS 5 one oo oe ee 413 opposita. Moet a baa okke aoe eee 317 
Anisodes'dispervaria:..- +2: 5-5- seen 231 pusillalis: ..5.-2...5-. oes 317 
FUACOStas 22 =. 255 cen eee eee 231 supposita..s sa... s...<'2 sae ee 401 
‘Anoba trigonoides=. .... 2s uansssseeees =e. 217 tenella: c). xo ore 317 
Anomia glabra..........--.---+--+-++++++-+- 412 xanthopuma. . ..v2-.22ce ee 318 
Anomis pea Se ae ra ee re Arica splendens: 3...::..3.<.32 ee 303 
eX8CLd eos scceccccs istics, ap | Atloots jansonl.....--------s-0se-eeareoens = 
eymmopus.2...-...c@neeaw 3g9 | Armatula circumlucens. .............-------- 321 
farincda.... 2. icc. 2 ee 209 colorate.-<. 2-5-2 ssa paseo eae 322 
oedemia4n. selec. ae. 209 subflavidas--.225-.-2 5-2 sseeeaeee 322 
Antaes jUtHInaS < Ss5535255-6 Se 297 | Aroga....- weet eee eee ee eee renee eee e eee e eee 13 
licormiis 6.12224... Se 227 paraplutella.........-..----++-2+---+5 14 
Antaplaga prepontendyta..................- 375 | Arogalea cristifasciella........-...-..--.-.--- 17 
ATHerOs LOTMOSUS == acces 322 ee 148 soronella . ocsess aise see eee eee 17 


INDEX. 738 
Page Page. 
Arrhenophanes chiquita..........-.-.-----.- 621 MBomaes ou eet neni Ce ieee Pe ee 336 
PeISPICWMAe eee ceeee == ee 62 TINY] Pee a ee ee ee 336 
J ORIEN G3 (Ta > Ss 8 ES oe ee SOBA ere 2085) Bendis formulanis..---4.-.-2=.see ene 204 
ALAC IPUNCLISENIPA. == oes sce ane sa ons soos 221 Siig. coh ce awn ce sees AEN eee 204 
Asellodes lateruaria....--.-..2.0-..0.0cc.0208 232 | Beraunite, wolframite, and axinite, notes 
As pidoprapsus\typicus: <<. 2.2.6.2 << 52-- 2-0 122 OD str ck ois eo ee ee a 501 
Asplanchna brightwellii........-..--...-.-.- 553 | Berberodes campylophleps................-- 239 
mistarte|castanea.-«..-.-.-+.--s.--- Recess 412 CaSsotius = Sie ee 239 
ABtyochia tatlass- 222.0. -c.cesscen<e erase 243 impuraeees oe ae 239 
Mubleta Mippicans: «2-25... occ cece css oe S80 SBescivace= cece Meo Or ear ee oe 5 
(GAS Cael eter einem eee loreal ali= 38 longitudineliasss 22) ee ee 6 
Atopomorpha singularis............-...--..- 7155 Betolajapostaticas--ece.ss4c2 ee eee 224 
Atiopoveura Violaces-.2-.- 20. - secc~scc-see 4 BTORtA Ree 2 kn, AA 8) Yn a 224 
DELLE VONDUINICLEM an cons eeoace ee cess cs 426 Gensissima=sceees see ee 224 
Aucula buprasia:.---........--------------.- 1843 | eBetusaiaiyntass eee sae enn eee tee 208 
PAUMCOLOL= sae = == nc eee aes sas 1348) Bit tiominiprimess ses ee eee 420 
HHELEYGH oa oor cope ecce sec edas scene 184 | Bleptina caradrinalis...............--------- 218 
Ampochlora ignifera....--....0<ss-cnsccess cee 135) 1] *Blora tenuisesn cet cence Oe ee ee 225 
Aulacodes citronalis...............-..------- 206A Bliastes striolatuss.-<eee see ss eae eeeeee 494 
CONN CATA Nascent ae ate eae ein ninlon'e 295 | Bocchoris approprialis.................------ 266 
obtusalis........-----------+----- 296 apyealiso. 23 sissies eee 265 
oechmiahis.: 3-2. sas-sece scenes 295 densalises vests esheets eee 266 
psyllalis.......-....----------+--- 296 Gifferentialiss2se-nsese ee eee ee cee 266 
REV EUS. oo Sane coe cosas sansasee 295 edaphodreptas--e eee eee 267 
traversalishe =e ascos aac sar 296 Hohachis: = =: = 52-2. 8 Sheep ee 265 
Aurora dimidiatela..--.......-.c-stsners-=- 409 invidiosa:..s5:: 56s o ee ee 267 
Amtomeris cmepistriga:.-:-<---<--- cesses: 157 NACOHOLAS=-s<o eset eee 267 
IPR Se Soon Scent aeceE costa pesos 157 Téhamalis ees eee eee 393 
(OMOMIAs so easeee nee neces 157 thehabalis))s2 08. sce sneer 268 
MNGMMAAN A seyete sateen ee te ie ae = 157 sparsalis assa22 fancc<se nt See esas 266 
Automolis (Cratoplastis) diluta.............. 24 | *Boletobia. marginalta-...:=. s=..---2---s24--=- 211 
Axinite, beraunite, and wolframite, noteson 501 TUZOSB 222 2iace ote e passe eee ease 211 
Wreaths Marcellina. ...2..2.s20's<dss0~2s< Siaetcitla BOO Tenebrosans 2 fe. eccee sees eee ewe 211 
Azelina dorsipunctata..........-....--.----- 242 turpis. 22245252 Ree eee 211 
1b Foret h eit emis coonmeicocuameace 241 4|"Bolinafasciolaniss=--.--o-<2ce eee ee eee 204 
npbbrotter 8 SE Seat bes coponcccee see 24d eBOnCIS PlanysSisace eases ce eae eee ee 311 
SOMALIA ss so sccke aceteoes ose eee <=. 242 mUnitalise.ss25 sac ese eee ais dil 
Stoliddtaa sa aaoe aioe ae nee mete =)e lace 242 | Borkhausenia ascriptella...............+.-.- 33 
AW OLADHOGOLASDOLS a. o<io<cisochn ace sctomacicniac 204 minutellan cn ss. seen eee 32 
PAZOCHIS/PTIPUSAUS <5 2-4-5 <sosssctee eee aie~ ccs 279°) (Brachiella.<c<.cccoscsde sects <5 eee se ee eee 698 
Baeotarcha exogrammalis.......-...---.---- 281 ansenina ge. sa2 2 sete aaa eee 699, 716 
Stigmosalisncu sssten ese se cicree 281 antarchicaeyeceeemeeee ee nee t= 699, 717 
A GOIS/ZOUAUA Ce ose aici wi mise aaa ne ciel o1)ni== 147 appendiculata: <2 2-222---+-~-- 700, 712 
PIB ISAT A OT OULB telat mist a = icintetm eerie ots = 181 GONCAV Ses 5 sso tee ee reese 703 
SVAN SAROZ A sas oe ae canes weer wees 181 Gentata. 25 sce e ce eee eee eee 700 
SUM US Bees eee eiese ease oe 181 elegans. -.ss2s4: these seen ee eeeee 707 
Leyes rbgsets Cohash ky Fan ete pe eeee seem oobon aoc DoSue 165 fimpriata ssssgeeee ee eee eee 700 
ARRIGAT CHAS sates osicicre «occ ete eiee see ree a 398 gainiow iy et eeee sae tence me ee 700 
(ich pe Ree Sep epeenaepbeeecccocnaadr 398 STACIUIS Stas eee ee eee 712 
Bandera homioves-. ..:..<-----.--s-0=-2-<--- 409 SUlOSAS ete ee ena ene 705 
IB AIAN GNP ATURUS ses ett soa scion ee lenin 216 Hhostilisss.vacen cates eee 581 
poblizsscis--c< Sea ae oe ae ee wees 216 ANUP UGGS see aes eae eee err 700 
MLOPICIONS sss oee a ass ee l)= a 216 ANCONCINNA aces. eee eee eee 7 
Pincticollistaes= aca sa asec e soe ws - 216 insiddOSa- sss ase ee se se eee 700 
Barsinella desettads.+s--1-cactc-ee cee aoe 170 lobiventnis:2 tees. ose seen eee 700 
Bartsch, Paul, and John B. Henderson, Lit- ic) 0) sob Lene ene pcoca shea socabios 700 
toral marine mollusks of Chincoteague Is- malleusiss. 2252 sae eee 653, 700 
Ibwatal. Walifeat sl DBE eae Se sabe aon coc seacesoeer 411 miniita sass aa =e sees 700,715 
Ta isola Eye: ce Bee eee eeepe eo ope Daca scoceeede 207 mitratas sso. pecs en eseeeer 709 
PS SAITIS UES Soe aie claus si ncione lace rene Renesas 643 multifimbriatass-4-446-2eee see 700 
MUCH OIG Sek so ace tees eiereeiae 643 ily = Con eacoonnace s2a5o=soCbor 700 
SEPM OMG See etayal tcteteferars slate arate laretetereioe 609 TMbId Ae Ae sas eke eee aie 711 
Bees of North America of the genera Lithur- OQDOSAS sewegesiate ccs eee eee ee 701 
gus, Anthidium, and allies, names applied Oblongaecsecietss-cte eee ee eee 701 
Oleg oe Se RE ees oo tS ORE See 87 OVALS sete orto elon ee eee 701 
Ihe aS 2 Ue Se ee a 4 parkeri Steleleleieialelalelelajetelelelnintalett=laYa'= aja 701 
ilerieiiig. <1 ee eee 5 VIER [HENCCE DS SS o5aegs Gseacnoseouc 656, 701 


734 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
Brachiella pernettiana. ..............------++ Z0L | | pGalbydie Torduck.....< ... 2 se pein st on ome ee 100 
PINPTIS e252 = coke toe oe ee 710 ONngth 25+ eas eee 99 
FAMIOSS --2¢.5- 252-525 eee 700 OSSGRIA <<< 5. << cece os. o ne eee 99 
MOSWate a. ct< See ee 702,713,714 | Calyptocome catagompha................... 234 
Ghynnt) ok ke 699, 603,703 conocloraria <<... ecncccent ee 234 
Origine <2 cena ean eee 581 Jeriffer. <2 /ccagswet eee 234 
Brdchionus Quewlaris <= <2 cs file tee near eens 529 ptyctographias « «...<i.2< Seen 234 
JA eso Re eae 529 rivularia ... 2... .2ctpeaeee ee 234 
COMCAEOS <a Satan = 529 subrubella. -..-....< eee wees 234 
budapestinensis........ Sse coeeae 620 | ‘Cambogia helidaria. -.. ....... .....«ssscsusedee 232 
CAPBUMAOTUS 5 sate eetan memes 529 hulaguing. .. .>...:-.=<aseesee-- 233, 
nlabratus:) <2. cate kee 529 tegularia.... .. ./.'incdacncs eens 233 
TACRONG = 5. < 2m war<ans sneer eenees 530 | Campometra laurena..................--.--- 205 
1a) bg |: a ee eS A ee Ae 530 merctricis........-.. «..-<5-<eeeekaes 205 
CSL 01 | (a een eae? eee oe 531 pacifics...... 2 .<<-<2<-0b sowenen se 205 
Dakine. 2-6 oss ere 530 sublucida... <=... .-s5-2>s3--f<= 205 
macracanthus .......... 530 SHUTOCIR « o <.55 2.6 oan aa cueens ot 385 
TUCOOIAT IB. 5 So cen eno eee ner 520 || @ampromoeris GhGN:.. - 2 <~ << oka sees 514 
rassolis isthimid- ioe. sons were anon 144 trifasciata. . ..- oy .2ssasescts twews 514 
Brazil, a new pearly freshwater mussel of the Camptopleura theramenes................-.- 153 
PONS EL VTA PON. «an on a. in kn deme ba 363 TASIAS «4 cu no oe see 153 
TTIATION Sl 3s ot oe eat a te eet 647 ‘| ‘Ganthypna Jeonting. >....... ucalews cate ens < 537 
COUPON. 2 ac -- cabew tno eee ee 627 .| (Caphys DINGS = 6. ose no 5s ose ene eeeane 310 
Brixis MiGl6Cwla 2 2c. nes ape eee woe 255 eusteléchalis. ..-..«...askaseeseans-= 310 
Brupas Wins ces. as seach od ane eet one 208 snbsordidalis...<...c..<ts secmteee ee 311 
Bry OCOdis DSCING | Wo 555 1 55 ---c pee nee 379 [hi eee st ere 310 
BUN SAIOMS SODIUG 6 ass cin oa nae oes 152} ;Gapnodes lainoe.:...<:-.'.<a.s2a0snesa-mee es 207 
Busck, August, New genera and species of BUAIOR SO ig nodes cncs cn Aner 207 
Microlepidoptera from Panama...........- 1 BOION Se own cc nog ann ae eee esa 206 
Ga ansetlonins oo. ss. 1. < sewn ea enbee 2 252 DONNA as ct ta ap eet anes ata a 206 
Cabling. 22 3) x... choke aaa ee 329 Gilet on nin in ca et Ee 206 
GBCUITORS c's 0s cama ccs padeideans 330 GOON oink tees ate Sees 5 oot a 
GOA? eee so =p ad eee dares 330 CUS TACE clas ana asceenees ane et ae 206 
NGPMCG. 5 ~ 30> voce ca weeean eso 330 FGOTOENE. < . < s0sn= ncaa eunen eRe 206 
MOCcHIOPHIEDS.. «<<< .<i<-s,eteendasedes 404 TOUOB irs one Suro sneered 206 
Cabotia cumdajensis: . ..ss-:<:.--eaventen asa 339 PAGS ras sand «mene Gencus ps eeemeneewd 206 
THYURWAUICS ¢ Se... 5-7. 255 eeasuee ss 339 SIO GR UD 6. dors. mn kino n 5 okie Se ee ae 206 
Cacofota inarmis.. «5-4 --2d7as.qaes i eipesees 376 WUUTIOOS « i6.< «sine 30 oan eens = 206 
Cacographis osteolalis. ... ../2.-.....-....-..- 313 PMLUMACIADS . <6 53 <2 «0. Asa ear ee 207 
CBCTODTOBIS Je Se asa c een ord ees obey sagen 406 DURBOIE ocns <5. uh cone eeu eee 206 
Glongatella... . <0 .<.aa-b ease on 407 PUURADS, «5 5s Se shan ecpeeacsear eee 206 
Yerrinldalia2 <a oe 407 STON 2 comes rag le os 206 
fnsipnntella. Asse it eosee nex 6 407 GUNOG ss on eo nh cee se ee 207 
Jongipenmeua. <6: 5.20 <5 a S07. 1) heroes VIO on nosso onn nn as an eee 302 
macdifere’ so. .t bets vst 407 | Carcinoplax dentatus. .........--......---.-- 118 
Calamophleps lophophora................--- $43) |, .Gardite borealis. ..<.~<<5-<..5-c-aueee seen 412 
squslidella....<fstechew as. 342 | Cardium robustum. ........ 205 nesses enus-ss 413 
California, Two Cottoid fishes from.......... 185 | Carthard surynorta -....-..<.--- 5-2 eee 227 
GCaligo Gurylochus......<.2.6 2: >20es tees 144 | Carystus fantasos.........-....0----s-<de~-0-0 155 
oileus hyposchesis................-.-- 144 | Casandria abseuzalis...........--...-...---- 200 
Calledema jocasta............-.- use ee 223 GTOGH ogc cacew oh wn oan See eee 201 
WIAFINGTOA 5 soos. opie 223 TIGERAING | 0 on oss sae 201 
Gallidryas enbulé..-.=.i..schenesweeens 140, 424 POPOE «6.5: scan wenn n ae eee a 200 
philes 2. 5.03. ses eee aca 140 priselds....... 2-2. --skdnan eee eee 201 
na (7: i eee 2 ect Cae 424 Hlegitima....-..-- 25... seeeee eee 200 
Callimormius gracilis. .......2...< 2 e-.ce- 155 interstitia. . .. .. .--- 2.022 -<0055-5= 200 
Juventus <2... Sete te 155 leucopls « .). 5's 4 2seneneaeeeso> « 200 
alison acestes —. 2. ine. sea oo 142 motaphate . 2. << cons eens 200 
Callocardia morrhuana...................-.- 413 MUPOPA co nce a one Sab eee 201 
Galloleria tutin. >... 2. co Seke eee ee 145: | Gasbia nicotaria-. 5.22 .- case aceanee eens 242 
WEL ORGE oi oe a sa 5 sacle vian noon ce Ree es 375 OPGGNIdA 5) <5 50> == oe eee 242 
SlloraspediCe <<<) 35 ee tes ow oe 375, | @astoia atymmius...°.5.5--- eee 3 349 
alonotos tiburtus: ../. 25. -- 8 = savubes ens 162 a ees ee ee Se ey tee 348 
Gilydia Pourgaulti.°> 22 -.-... see eon ce 100 humiboldtl ssc 22s G05 Sette tees 349 
hemitheae ct ecco. s=+ 2. estes 99 Lifts Jee Joe Aen 348 
metallivers.2.5 52> <n. -0 betwee ao 99 Wirgl.ck > tee sone ee cece eacn eae 348 


Page Page. 
Casuaria purpurea...............2..22.2.2.. 299 | Ceromaera ardalus......52......2.0..2.---... 205 
RMACLYNGR MOMANIS: oo ooo. cs cece ence. 288 bymiber se. hao ci eee 205 
MEUSRUUR ss 6 So. 5 42.22.02. 22 200 | Cerna dandoth-». sic s0.. 1 224 
er Cea See 291 Ch: eae See eee epee 9 foe 204 
BRE SNOLOW Rc iets ee ate. 289 Jaqueatas: 20.5. tn eee 224 
BUEYCAIALIS en Ss. 3, od 288 TARB tes 73.1 et oct eee 224 
PUNOROUA Fe i oo. i ones 2k 291 | Cestopoda amplectens....................... 602 
bijonalis... .. elaine ntantolls ee oo 287 | Chalcidoidea and Apoidea collected by the 
brimmeodora, 202 -2-... 5.025... 289 Yale-Dominican Expedition of 1913......_. 131 
CADIMalige ss geese... 289 | Chalcoeciaemessa...............2......... 181, 182 
eomplcatalissscsc--0-2-..... 6.22. 289 heoehroa.. jas 182 
GLOMUS, cacao re 291 | Chalcoelopsis pigrissima..................... 314 
CONT eta oe 2 291 | Chalenata quella............................. 193 
BIN CVHAUIec rete ee ks S 288 IAS bas baie Fe er cece etn 193 
IGIIUMGRALIS? ces See ce es 287 Usia tins aoc 40 15 oe 193 
U0 SOR ene eS an 290 | Characoma nilotica...............2.......... 200 
MIRIGATCMIAIAR A Wise ee es 290) CHaris ayiUs sac nig so 237i tee ae 147 
itl Un 3) (| +: Cee ee a a 291 ae eal are winter cee ioiais = ee Ee 147 
OTANI eee tA ee ons Sd 289 hermodoras < 22.1 shou. Ee 147 
Syiphonaliq:-oee- ee 290 | Charoblemma opisthomela.................. 190 
TNMs emacs 5... 288, 289 WBN ea ee ate ee 190 
RITHUINIGHIIN See een ee 200) | Chisropinus <2 22o1sc cc 652 
WACHOLAG soe ere ee ee 291 bicaudatus!s-2 =. see cee 656, 701 
7) ODOR ns be Se 291 dalmanni- sss... =< 2-2 ee 653, 655 
Catarata curviliniella....................... 37 dentatis=<---..2--e See 654 
ISDMEL Reet sires ene a ee 36 mallens 2272555.) gee ee 654 
RODIN Areas Tone cee. 35 | Chasmophora macrophthalma............... 119 
SLL LC Bie ie Aen aie aaa 35, 36,37 | Chenevadia huralis.......................... 305 
CURUIRUA Siete Mets Cee! i 87 | Chilaraimonteasc-2-2 5. sc ee eee 227 
SCO ees ene oe 36 | Chimastrum artenteum..._................. 147 
SUPT a ee ee ea 85 | Chincoteague Island, Virginia, littoral marine 
Cathypna aculeata..........................- 539 MONMUSES Offa secu eee ee 411 
ii Cy eee eS) oo ee 636)! ‘Chione'cancellata.. 252. ose ee Se ee 413 
lyvah bers é¢ Se oe pee 538,539 | Chlorinthis pulcherrima..................... 230 
eunvacomatn28s... v0 -8 534, 535,536 | Chloropaschia canities..........:............ 324 
piles al tag ors BeBe evan ee eae 540 | Chloropteryx albidata....................... 230 
MIS INE RCE so as og ec on 534 hyperythrarias 222-2 -- 0220s 230 
Lite cell rir) He a 543 productariat a sesece aso 230 
JIE ATE oo ge ne a 535, 536 Subrufescaria?s"2-s2-2-sa556 5 230 
[2 ees aes = 534! || Chorrera sce. uesasseecsec- ee eee eee 330 
ERE IRE taal Fa Wide ia'n 0) cs oc lckavers ssa 536 IdIObess see gsc oe eee eee 330 
Ue Rete soto owls oe cs2% 534, 535,536 | Chrysocestis fimbriaria...................... 239 
AUN ates tee Sica oo oat sda b3f || (Cleinnussbetatcccceaec- eases ee een 253 
MUR UIA ON aaes ccs saab sou ooo te 534, 535 chabavldiee meccents-- een ee eee 391 
RARITIES UL Sicsdas aces Ue OL oc 2s ce. 154 IanO A eee ene eee eee 253 
A) OC ae a Oe ee op an ea a 424 SOLVEDS(..< joann tree ee eae es 253 
Catopyrrha decrepitaria..................... 242) (Cirphis humidicolascsssssseeeee oe eee 175 
Matorlatharpoldes: ./...-<:..- 2. 2<.sb2ees 243 inCONSpicua scissors ee 176 
Catornia unipennaria................ ee 243 latiusculas 2532 secede tees setae 176 
Caudell, A. N. Orthoptera of the Yale- MNICTOSHICLA SS mem aeons eee 176 
Dominican Expedition of 1913...........-. 491 multilinea -- 00. smece cnc eeec nse 176 
LCG 2Nelr Oe ee 665 Setech. --- ~~. 22.0.2 seni eeeec ee nae es 176 
RUVRINNS Sete, cos cone badidetc 665 Siriguscula- <- 2. 2-2 eeer ences see 176 
CO SE ee 222 unipuncta...--.-..--.-+-+--2-2-2---- 176 
Weep earUs Mein) -<-  s 1525) (Citheronia marion =o sesec\s se ese ae eee eee 159 
Celaenorrhinus variegatus..............-.--- 153 MEXICANA Syrian eee 159 
CCJEN STC (ey) ee ae 243/)| «Claphe:caraminas--esacjs-eeeeeee eee eeea 222 
Ry bemeerree eats cl col ea 248 Charaw ses oeoss aos tera ee aeeeaes 222 
Colipiera eamotic:-.----..<- <<< 2 sis. o-beec: 208 lankesterisssoscss--se ce sess ce eeeeee 222 
WOritnimanipegeeer es. 0-- 2 il. ee 131 pal Cee a Pees eR OAR er Reet 222 
ESE) (0 Se ae oe eS oem 131 nin Nats Soc oanndognanoesconesesece cece -222 
CERT EE) OCLs ae a ee 8 145 melancholicascenses scence eeeeeeaas 222 
MBNGBNIAES 22 2056.4 Ses aet deve beascs 145 ODUUSBE sass eel seeeseaeeies nee 222 
MIPPALOPOLIS= 20 seco at acess ceacecees 145 SOLDINA thie salar Saciewiinee eeee EEE 222 
Wordenisiresinides:;2.<.::.2-.-..2-cessceeesne 522 submarginalis: 7255.0 -2 sssce ee eee 222 
Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) virginica.......... 421 Vittabund ao ssccce esse ste eee eee 222 


736 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
@lathurellajewettles ssn. seas se oeceer ae -ee 413>|| Coenipeta lobuligerals..--..-2ssccs oe seeea ae 204 
Clavellawe c-- act mincnc csc orer oes eeeeeete 666 TANARIS. soo. e ees aac nt eee 205 
canaliculatd= 22: ccceccctceseeee eee 67. Coenocharisicormiirans*) eas eee ae 390 
INSOLItA-<.. oan 2s oon essen eee 676 | Coenochroa monomacula...................- 348 
INVErSAes son sol ecceeaeeek aaeneeneees 673:|) Cogia .calehas 2.2. eee ope. cence eee ee 153 
IriNd season ceieneisec eee ene eee 685 Nabis sc ore eens Ae 219 
laciniatajs-: sactes=ceeesenseacenoes 687; ||) Gelaenis/cillenese* 25-22-25. eee 423 
levisccndssase. Leesa es eee cee 677 Jae see NS ee Coe 141 
macrotracheluisss s-s=se eee ece easter 669 phaerusa <5 oe eee eee 141 
ObeSa: s se sccwesecn ceo eheepeiee soaae 670 (Colla coelestis:-2--- ste een oe eee eee eee 228 
PALVA! once cease Seen ee es dee kena icis 676 | Collotheca polyphema.....-............-.--- 555 
pertida...-.-.cen50 cee pmeoeee coco ee 672 | Columbella (Anachis) avara.........-...---- 413 
Pineuis.2c2.c.cc esac see ee ees 678 CAStyris)umatas=se see ae 413 
TOCtA Iso o es ace eee 6844) (Colurella bicuspidatas...-- =o aeee ee eeeeee 550 
TOVUStAR cso sine Meee as 670 uncinata. 522/22 .- qosseteeeee eee 551 
SCIRENAE. 2 ~ 2. Je nceeewe et eee neem G70), |) Comotias sce crease cae en ene ee 343 
squamiperd 525. 2c csjsices sop aeee eee 679 LOTSICOLMISS (osc 2 = een eeee te ee tee 343 
SUMUMOSS sae ceo e cece sone Baer ees 670))| Concanathosheass a2 noc. a ease een eee 203 
GUMIG Gee ees seco ao ease ee 674) Conchylodesiovulaliss- =. neces eee ee 270 
UNGIN ata e- oh eoeSee eee 591, 666, 680 platinalis: <2. > ee et esee enters 270 
Glavellisa< -2e5 J nsccenicce sere eee eee ne 693 Salamisalis#2. <3. srs sees oe 270 
Cordata=s). oct nce ae eceee eee 697 | Condylorrhiza vestigialis...............--:-- 281 
OVAlIS. Js vess ot onaoneeenetacere 696 | Conocephalus propinquum.................- 493 
SPINOSAs sc Sasesse seas eret peek 693,694 | Conochilus hippocrepis........-......-.-...- 555 
Clavellodes: 2-2 aa22 024. ce eae ase 689 VOLVOX 5-2 sss -cice ees eee ne eee 555 
TUPSOSA ce oe cue seee rete e es 68911690) |) (Conotambe: e225. esse secs saeemeicet ence 313 
Clavellopsis.. 2. sce -2acheb te ocsemareceeensee 686 patalysialisy 7:5. c-ac eases pene 313 
BME woe Gaodeoossoseeesc sspacase 581 | Copepods, North American parasitic, belong- 
InVOUI EYE Boe keaepodesqsccasccsese 687 ing to the Lernaeopodidae................- 565 
producta.252 .JsAse sewers <a eee 688")|) Corbula\contracta=...4-2--2-sceceeseeeee cee 413 
TODUStam ae eeeee scene ee eeee 6835 Correbiallycoides..\<. 3.42244 - eee 164 
Rhy Wile Sooteaqanescasbencssce con OSL ||) \COSMOSOMA. «2 oom 5 ee ess ase ee eRe eaeee 161 
Clemensia quinquiferana..................-. 171 demantria... <2 5...5-j.-2neee sane 424 
C@letaifaragitans- cece nsec ones cena meeee 241 NOLCYMA 5 365, <.cieeioe teste eter ae 161 
WMINU GA ee see wsineac seen ear ee 241 hereymacula: <2. -s-.esseoae seen 161 
(Cliniodes}mossalise ee eee hace see eaee ee 393 molanotela ..:\.-.5-5-<-s2 seer eens 161 
Closteromorpha cupreiplaga...............-.. 182 TEMOtA oases eee 161 
TONIPlAG Bes asics cacecie ccmone 182 semifulva=<-.:be seco eee 161 
MUGS Ca eeeme see sees 182) Cosmothyris: 7. «-0-.5c2+ sss so-so eee 391 
Clupeosoma pseudopis.....-....-----.2-.-0-5 396 marparctta- 5 o--cnsnssee ee eee 391 
SuMlexalon ee ence ons ceees oe 396 ||| (Cossulajarpic =... 5... 2-2. sesose eee e eee 349 
@nemodes indignaria —...---..2eeeesseee os sees 231, Cossus'infantilis., 22... cese-cs = sense 350 
Cobalus'cannaes os saceciieeciacieeeneeceee esse 154 || Costomas os. cjsc.c:ec'nisisies eeseeeeeceee meee 23 
VIEDIUS Ss odes cnc nwce es se eeeee eee cee 154 Ibasirosellas. 22.5) <<;csceamemietenicces 24, 42 
Cobubatha damozela..-.-......-ceeseec.- 380 | Cosymbia albocostaliata.............-.-..--- 379 
Gre CS acess e see a ae ee 380) Coxina hadenoidess22... es <-4- 2s -ee eee 208 
GUPLOP OPS. << smi<-0-leeee cee ce 380 | Crabs, new genera and species of American 
TCTIA Soon 26 aoc wcslemeee eee 196 BrachychynNChOus ses <= s-so n= ee 117 
MILGICS ee Eee eats 881 | Crabs of the families Grapsidae and Ocypo- 
MONGENAs - 3 o. es- eee ee eee ee 380 didae: mew-species Ole aceccece acme ee eee 69 
NUMSs os ae waaeecma cee 196 a) Craitsig® Sci. onc, ssomseciseesinceenie sneer eee 304 
orthodoxiGay-s.sne-c52 eee 197 WaObtS) «Sonic 2 cn oes os.caiseeeeeee eee 304 
Psidice spec c<cacc eye eee "196 | Crambophilia majorcula....-..--22-------=-- 220 
Paistione =~ a-eest es eee eee 197 minorculas.. 2-0. -sss-eeee eee 220 
PSLIISIAS so sae seine s Ce SUC 196| Crambus agnesielia ... .-0- 2-22. .ccmeeeeeese 316 
| 0) 101: >. SA Aa oe Oe ees 196 sutotoxellus..22.c6 cee eee eee 401 
quadnifera tos. 2 veces eeerececer 196 expansellus. 2.25. -e)-1c\ eae eee 316 
Subterminatar=-.-m.0-- cee eae 197 fissiradiellus:< <....s=.22=s--= eee 315 
LOrtricopsisemenucccseeseeeeeee eee 197 Intan sons | ..2 3 cerss eee Rees 316 
Cockerell, T. D. A. Names applied to the meretricella: <. 2. caceenitacees eee 315 
North American bees of the genera Lithur- retusellus..)...5 so: osgecheessiasimeee 316 
gus, Anthidium), and allies:-..-cu-sseeocee. 87 tactelltis.2 2. 54. 026 ee ea eee 315 
Cocyiius‘antacys medonas.----e aes aeeaeence 155 GENTISEISATUS! coe eee ease ee 315 
eluentitis:.< Sa5* ee os eee 155 | Crassatella (Eriphyla) lunulata..........-..- 412 
Coolioxys/abdominalisss5-sc-cseeces semen enc 133 | Crawford, J.C. Hymenoptera, superfamilies 
Coenipetalcompeirixe.-cs-o-cce see ee ar ene 205 Apoidea and Chalcidoidea, of the Yale- 
LiDIGIK SS -esecc see mcmeseecesesee 205 Dominican Expedition of 1913............- 131 


INDEX. 737 
Se 
Page. Page. 
Crepidulaconvexas secs caccsss-csece reese a2ie| Desmiiajachistalise jmasse- seecee eee coos 261 
MOTMICHTA Se eos seen eee 421 bajulalisie eaeec recess ea 260 
DIAN Aissiecce cee tee e eee teen este 421 Semunalisheeeceere sees eee 260 
Cricetus (Onychomys) leucogaster.........-. 451 NO talis eee ee ae 260 
EOMMECUS see ieicciatnisicce cack ee oe 456 parastigma se a. esses eee 261 
Grimodesiritsemac =i). s<c'c -ac sis aeceiceesies< 224 phaiorrhoeatesc. 5. = eo kon eee 261 
Striolata: Soc sck anes cca e esse 224 RES Ch eae Sa ey ios epee EE Dy ta 260 
Crocidolomia palindialis................-.... 278 tetratocera’s 20 oa che eee as 260 
Crovidophoraizinghalis 02: 2) s- see sete eee. 27S Deuterolia.-c skeet ees ee eee eee 402 
CrOMmAanGh Aine caeistyaieoueemn= wciemiaye se aeons oe 398 TUPISE ree cee ete se Gee ee 402 
Moly balan ssce ere een eae 3981/2 Diamuna falcatasesen: 4-42 aesee ee oe 175 
Cropiaidimorpha ssc eas aeceoe eee eee eee 176) | Diarhabdosia coroides..........----<2.:.---- 168 
Cryptolechia analis so 2oe2 2 eel eee sass 30h eDiarthrarmonostylanacssee eee ee eee 560 
Choreraaee sesso eee 29430))|meDuaschizaauriculatass= ces pe. sees 4 eae 528 
CLOSSO TAR acerrosccs tosjon ceeeacee 28 CARCASS cate Sainte ee aia eee 528 
Epidesmar .savicsciscnscseeeeee 49 fOrlicAtasses nett ee ee 528 
LOT VACA? cass cc sheet aes 28 Fal 0) Of: WaRv Na ORE Ee Ean be To wana eR 528 
itaat (ee) ol dGoceanoebeotonorunsooce 27 Bracilish. Seneca eee eee 528 
Dluminella se ope eee i 28 lacinulatassaos socket en hee eee 528 
incensatellas..c.<ssuseseceeese 281|Wiasemiavpanticolores--ese seen ee eee 394 
marcellanc. ss .2%,. sean ens Be 29 TAM PUTI Als ese eee es 280 
miniatacs<ccsssssesseaeesee: oes 28 | Diastema argillophora....................... 194 
MO bella ees esas se eee 30 CIE TIS eee ene a cae s See eee 194 
Straminella 2s eee asco ee 27 | Diastoma varium....... ais nine HeieeeEehe teas 420 
Sulphureasa.a-ce ecco eee 28 VALPINICA Se cto na oan eta ee 419 
GUTH CAtA EE eee see Rees 29 | Diathrausta nerinalis, form Angustella...... 285 
Cryptoptilum antillarum.................... 494 | Diatraea pagan sss 6255 Wesccec Joscemecen oe 319 
@nyptosesicholoéplic << <2/-22--5< deciles semen 314 lineolatazoccas< 520 os scosse ee 319 
@rilladiavbelliferens! 22\...2 <s2 as) -.Saec=aeescasse 401 Saccharallis Ae 2 joo enc soa. cee 319 
ellcosmellayss aise s osc nee eee een ee 316 Solipsass See Gee 0 en 319 
@yelomiawulvimacula:. «22-22... 2sacce-e2e2 242) |e Dicentrialcerribeniees--s-see eee aaa se eeeeeee 387 
ocellatatecn=- a taco capeseece te eae 242 clammenhog=: ses s-eesce ae eee eee 387 
Strigifena cscs ssen: sa ce eeee ee eae 242) |, Dichocrocis sabatalise.. 2. 4--5--22-esse see 273 
Cyclopalpia monotonalis...................- 312)|| Dichogama)berpiise: (oes) eee eeee eee eee 270 
Cydosiajsubmutatar: -- cee aeeeeaise «ce eae 425 SMM GAN ese cee eee ee eee eee 270 
Gylichnellajbiplicata 2. -2 sce eeeeeeee sees 413 | Dichomeris arotrosema.-........-.:.2.---.<c 18 
@ynaeda\bidentalis =. 5. -0..5-2<s.ss-sesesese 392 CORQUTA ee eeniee ene seeeeerias 20 
G@yrtograpsus altimants). 0222: 3. 2252. heen: 121 COstalise soc uen cepocesacesiaceetas 18 
anculatus'2\csoccaceer nee nae 121 OXCAV ALAR esc cee seem =ciece 18 
Cyrtoplax spinidentata...................-. 118, 119 exteriorella seco asec ca eeeeee 23 
Cyrtoxiphanmitatore-css- on. -seseeeerueace 495 liguileliaetcos=- ts eases 17 
Gy fheresaiCOnvexa=tj-osc.c5cscs on sek tee een ac 413 UUM IN OSARee ees ese ees 19 
MarassaiCrOCelCepSic askecs er cerick ace ceeeee 207 percep tella Ms. 5 sissacncwsncoece 19 
Cumvalimea): <j sh ases ens eet ae eee 207 stellatellatcs seis ecenecee 20 
MD AIGCANASSAS soc Gos oe cece ccc toe eee ee 350 iristictaee-ce cee eee 17 
MAN GISUDCLEMICE a aeiosc cca SA roe cece cae eu see at 1d4anieDichorda/obliquatalasecs-asece eset eee eee 229 
GilIPPUSe eee eee eee eee 144 | Dichromatopodia cervina.............-...... 231 
DIEXIP PUSS. as view «is /sicisw scien 144,423 | Dicranophorus forcipatus..............-....- 528 
Dannemora quadripuncta......-...........- 3380 | DIG OM ISIDIDNIS pom cee meso ieee eee eeceaoe 423 
IDasychiratperspicilla se tsec< + .ascce cece sae 62))|) Didugua‘argentilinesis =.) -)2- 5-2 scene seas 224 
MasyMUtilla, SPCCles an emicse ns ease ccee ee « 5144 eeD ittndellla ee aserriet eee Ssdisctskeeones 327 
ID ASVIDY LAG UCINA! teeuee ocese ~ ssissewiSceee ese 331 COrYNOPHOra se eco se ese 327 
Decantha borkhatlseniie.c- 5.20. -.s55-s422 22. Sl iD ielemal felis eter etait ae ae 029 
THINU tases ee ee 31 {OCI DA tA een ee ek eee eee eee ee 528 
Weinopyein Caudatas =. sca pene eee 238 _  Srandis....---.--+-+- 2-2-2 eee esse ee 528 
COU Ree rea cae 237 Dinia aeagrus.... veces eee etee reer eee ee eee 161 
ialcipeniige oes jae eee 937 | Dinocharis collinsii Sealer sias eae s 551 
Letractises seston eee onee 551 

POSD CLG we raeieraeieee oneness masa 238 ee f 
aes IDiorhin a pPerlandenie cetera eet e 146 
SOBRE en Re de hine’: a Ged aih od | IDiplaxtrigonass5. 22 schist see eae eens 532 
triangulata..........-..-+---.-+- 237 | Dipleuchlanis propatula..................--- 533 
Delphyre cumulosa.........----.-------.--. 163 Dircenna‘euchytimacccesse ee ee aes ene ee 145 
SOG. Socensnooebedeeasn secs sear 163. GD irphiavagis <2. 2. test tae eee aaa ce 157 
INGOs AAS esaseunanoopoossebaaesaee 163 cumedides ete ae 157 
MD) COPLERY axa ence seis ns Sasa ae ete cinniesiociozmces 306 HirGiay sce 8 42 hoe ee ee 157 
LIAO San Oaaaes aeossesceoaee 307 SPCClOSAse cas mane oo ea sae aa 157 
DWeptaliavinsitlariasccse ccc cesses = sce | 234)5|| sDismidilaatocdi-cc- see eases teehee seeeeceeoee 313 
FD GSATIN AOU SIPES stearate sess cioeces see ne cele 16/)) -Dismorphia discrepancies ee cce elas eee ne =e 140 


34843°—Proc, N.M.vol.47—14——47 


738 INDEX. 
Page Page, 
Dissotrocha macrostyla.............-.-....-- 856" (> Dyom yar herbertaee. tec cuccew este eee 115 
Distyla aculeata.......---.-.---.---------- 539, 540 ate loi ye Wasser ase ete ae 114, 211 
flexilises 222% Veseieted eee 538, 540, 541 JANUS! heen cee ace Sekeee Meee 115 
gissensis:§ </22/2 eee eee 534 jonesi. JC aN Ss Se eee 116 
Liparase tosses eee ee eee oes 538 JUBO we cee eencknccetcck eee eeeeees 116 
Wud wigit2 ieee seek aeet eee eee 537 NOAta eae cocnen + sae eee ee 114, 115 
Ploenensisiecwaeocee eee ee ee eemelose 536 MEPALOPS oa /araiajormin awe wns cee ee 115 
Dithadama angulata.......................+- 232 merricki cs 2i5s02cect nessa eee 95, 114 
Gelilas sete tte eee: 232 Obliguates..<<hace< eo ee ee 116 
Diurella*brachy ura. 2sss-as ieee eee cee 552 OCA Bs saceiMiasirroceew see wceinsnte eee 115 
dixon-=nuttallits 2) 2332 ae eee ee ee 553 OLD aie lela eloy-terctom =icteteictaraete ree 116, 211, 384 
Stylataxtescse-e ee ee see eee eeeee 552 DAV Ol oejasecn cio eeeieneeee eee eee 116 
ténuior 32. ee ee eee 553 placidas ..2ssase. bss. o eee 116 
WIGTIS SS AS ee ese 552 VolCanice./.\canc sae ae eee eee 116 
WO LU talrei-mteatere st tee teetocine cetera 552 LOLOS oo iaiciatentetorsintosis see eee ee 116 
Weberiyco ste ees ese 552) Dyops telmelasisaac haces ee eee ose 211 
Divaricella quadrisulcata........ migra ee as 412 |, Dysdaemonia tamerlan:-../) 222-202. 5.2.2 157 
Dixanaene lepidocaena...............-...--- 172 Diysodeajangulisolas cus ccceese nee eee esos 254 
Dochephorafumosas). 22s ae eee ce 228 thyridina:.2)3.,3-..eeeeee seers 254 
Donax Variabilis:. jase she eee eee ee 413%|! Diysodia Temi essceeeaeccon eee eee 254 
Doratoperas atrosparsellus..............-..- 320): -Dyspteris amatarssoao. 35552. eee ee 228 
Dotillaymyctiroidesss2t22 esse a se eee 84 triftlariag oy .15¢ sjesecee ee eee 228 
PLOMUpA snes ess ese ence 84° |) Bacles magnifica: o.5.222.<eciiadnaese ee aces 159 
Sigilloruimecas: Sso.hose23 bes esse 2 69583)" Hantis (hraso-22.0. 5.2 este ee eee aeee ae 153 
Wichmann sss ates FeO. Boe 84 | Ecpantheria eridanus: -.....-25522 4525. -....- 424 
Doxa Ssodalis giv sas tre Sees eS 27 RO ta ice ecs sce HS See 174 
Witginialras2cosdesi sas soca MOS 2i|» Edia belialisi>. 535 .css.450s0eane see eee ee 392 
DPraconia Tusa seasons scscccneee ose e eee ee 254 bidentalish. s5. 55 52.se eee eee 392 
Draconipteris gigantea: ca. 2sesc2- ose e eens 159 extralineassss:2 i 2seeccanzot eee eee 392 
Mirabilis 22 sss SSS eee eae 159 helianthiales. <= =< 224223054 see eee eee er 392 
Drepanodes drepanula................-.----- 241 Microstagms 5.55.25 .\ste teeee eee 392 
PESCOM AS strat ae eae een 328 | Edulica compedella...... OE ee ese tee 339 
CInUlixa Nec cet sce eee eee $280|) Heehiretes nomimus:: 5225-5 .15--e ee eeneeeees 202 
cyrdipsanest see eee eee 328 | Elasmopalpus lignosellus...............-..-. 333 
Grucellazsss2s532sSs2 sees etek 328 rubedinellus.2-5.ee=s5-eessere 333 
Drobeta; brephusiia.s.cssccsceseeeessecse eee 195) |, Elymiotis purpurascens! ..-2-.ea-2e-see seco 224 
Drugera IMoronasasssWeatss soe eesnesecees css 224. ||, Exmesisfastidiosa.. 5. <<< scscemeeeee seer 148 
Dryadopsis adjunctariat)2--.--22-202-.2ee--< 230 |) Encentrumi felis|2o_ sos. eee eee 529 
pulverariase: HeAssecee se. Ses ne coe 230))|) Bdommiasis nigritella. 55. -ee.---eeee sesame 338 
Duglonaveliste ssi essa eee 520\|' Emophrys bison’... 5-222 -5-oac5 eee eee 135 
Dyar, Harrison G. Descriptions of new spe- ClAVI ZOE S sitios cscs ce eee 135, 136 
cies and genera of lepi- taurinus 2..2-<2222208s teeter 135, 136 
doptera from’ Mexico: “$65):|(\Bmsisiminor2.. sss 522-2 os2 25625 nese eee 413 
Lepidoptera of the Yale- Entomoda salmonea.....:..2-2...5s0-------- 607 
Dominican Expedition Entrephia levinia< ~:~ = 2-222 - esas ees 262 
Of191Se4 See eae 423) Biny 0 Jap sca cece cc cosmos see se eee 156 
Report on the lepidop- Eobrena melopoalis..............---..------ 298 
tera of the Smithsonian Eois quadrirubeta:. <2 o-c..- tase sees 233 
Biological Survey of the TUSSCaDIA seins = cee ea sees eee eee 233 
Panama Canal Zone.7. 139 | Ephestia animosella............-.-.22..-.2- 345 
The Noctuid moths of the catitella: =: 5.322323 eee 345 
genera Palindia and colorella ss 2/3225 =: S552 eee 345 
IDyomyx eee eee 95 diversens.=-. fs ea eee 345 
Py cladiaimeambhas saeseensee eee ete eee 162 elutellassucesktoctSs sade eee eee 345 
DIB DAS S55 oe eee ater tees 185 nonparilellav:.. 22-2200 see tee eee 345 
Coryphatar ss cociceect mee mcawe nee tom 186) \)) Hiphestiodes nontella 2-222 s22- see eee 345 
Dyomyx and Palindia, Noctuid moths of the plorelia =e 33-25 ae 344 
PONOTAL soca ocoae ie een eens 95} Ephialtias pseudena..-:.---.- 22 ase eee ~~ se 244 
albistrigal. 25) seh see 114 | Ephyrodes bipunctata.......22.-2 2252822222. 207 
MNEEE oeeacbee sco soeec oasoseese sce ALG ae Enplorachiel laste = eeeae eer eee a= eee ane 715 
cGimolias. 25 se sce ane see 116 impudita: so. S222 2 soe 715 
COUSEGHOUS =. see eee eee 114,211,385 | Epicalia nyctimus. <.-.-<--------- <= 2-2-2 2.2 142 
OSISLA cre en onsomsnmteeeemeeeeee 114,211 | Epicallima taboga...--...-.-.......-...-...- 33 
epistoideses: 2... sscacs ie eee ese 115) |) Epilampra‘eribrosa:- 2 sees. <5. ae eee ee 491 
MUMBA: 520-2 s'e cece seeeeee aoe 107,114 | Epimecis fraternaria.....--.-....--.-----.-.- 243 
PucHelec sets eee eee eas 115 pile No Woe stitec cesctertesodsecccos 243 


INDEX. 739 

Page. Page 

Epiperola albimarginata.........-....--.---- 200) | HUdaMUS COTANteS sees teem eet sae cree eect 152 
HO pPIStorlupuUbriss ssscaeaals- ok soe see ee oe 156 GOLYSSUS Soc ste seaws see eee ot eee ene 152 
OCVPCte sree sss Seas see cece are 156 Cury.cleseasetee a ee en eee eee 152 

By pisyLOM Ors! ss laces e seceeee eee cee 516 PIOlEUS PSs ee eee a eeeeeecesetes 152 
HM pithomia callipero: {23-2 5:22 -e0en ec see 145 Sania gore ree te mee ere 424 
Ee pitomiumvlineatassh=sssc- oes seeee ce sos cee 414 Simplicins ts es eee eee 152 
multistriatasssreis.- -es2ccse-- 414 | Budryas sanctae-johannis................-.--. 184 

SAY AN Mec amano wesc ee oe rete AVS BH ueides:alipherasst=2-aseccoemaeee eee reer ee 146 
Virginicum= 22. sss4ee2ccee sees = 414 ZOLCAOM A Sse sage aes hae Sees Cees 146 

Bravisa carlep pisses esas sence sece oon ee neces 2245 ebulepid otisjadd ens-es=s eee ese aeeeerene eee 103, 425 
Mrastrla tiloraerscsaee s-ssesn-ecsceceee ssc 195 aifiniss. jf5cce Sse aee ese een 107, 210 
irastniodes emarginatass: ----e.-cseseso-- see 194 alabastariat toto. see mee aeeee 211 
Bre pus Orolrackisss > sess nwace sec eeascees seas = 203 alabastrariaie: soe eeee eee aeee 110 
Wrectaoratalissssccs.-s2-sss22ce =< oes <= = 262 albatate2 sos 2225 eee ome nesee 110 
THUS Hee ohan bop bocdanboGsednases 262 ANNA. sss oet ame ese ence 103 
PresigiClaraeen= seees coco ecnescieeee see sees 141 arpentilinea ace cee eee eater 104 
Ci Patisnes ss ssosce eces ee tees ceees 141 SrgyTitisss Mose ace ecm ees 109 

olellawia. oe sase Soe nace rese ce aeee ene 141 atalanta ari scee cee eee ee see 106 
Hrinnyisialopere ise ces asses sece ee sees. = l= 155 GUSTING: | ).c <2. os eee ceeasee 103 
AO) ce dosonebneocd aeedenoansactedos 156 ourgaultin--2 sete seen sence 100, 209 
OCTOTEUS Hee oe ee 156 CaTIdida vere ee ee ees 109 
Briopusforidensist-o--cceses se seeee nee ne asl 177 Caudatalo-hoesccccseres tee meee 111 
HnlopyeaiWOrthorodes. =2 22-22-22 eee e ee 2 372 Chiorise< eset soc los see oe eee 104 
diplopisesstesaese cee ccecm sors te ses 372 Coeruileilimea.-fs- asec eee eee ee 103, 210 

CCCATSIAN See eae ee see oes aceae 371 COTINNIA! ee sere see eee ers 101 

NONOPISeec eee setae ieetene cr issciges 371 CLOCEIPAIS ease eee asec eee 105 
Stichipennatis cscs ss .sce-oecscn = 371 CLOCODLRT aS eects cece See ere 101 
VESUU CSA nee acetic ee eecse ne ees 424 Gelectar Saas se seecen eee ceeeeee 106 
REDD Geese eens eee igscca ce ast 372 Gethac tamer emst shears sae a 1e eee 110 
riscepsisENscusss nsec e aceec ieee nee a2 163 Gh. orldentecopnnasoseneboonse 100 
Hinitanbesteutiatascescessecaeee ee eee eo see eee 1 domuniciitatss-cssees-aee ee 95,108 
ORIOSS a. aaa ee ene 1 Clecta st eee c nese t eee eee 109, 210 
Hnuparevanidella: 6504: sass eee es cee. 320 Oma Peace ects cee oes 100 
TNCOLOTALISN ooo ee ee ee es 320 rings eh en teas Seen 106 

ay CLUAHTICH Se Renee eee r erat eee secorees 146 OZTA...------- +--+ 2-22 22-- +s eee 106, 210 
Eryphanis automedon........--.----------- 144 folium.........-----2+.------+--5 104 
Pscandinnet ste ok. nsec ao ae ee as 297 formosa....--------------------- 100 
AMIDUislisss see hreoeaee eee ee 297 fortissima......-..--.--+-------- 108 
Mthmiaaurifiidellaes- ee sce sees cence cee. 33 A) oo oo gcu ssa souadasscce 108 
eypracellas <4. Aor eee 34 PIBUCOPASAm ees =e reese eee eee 105, 384 

GPA EIST ees er et Rare bate ati 34 gubiata ea poe cosets eee 110, 210 

Clbellae settee ae ne near aT eae, 35 MeWOx creche te Seven ace eeeete 106 

FORE Ue on ee eae ete mee ae 33 nemilenca:-¢h = sec see eee M11 

LER DHOtAN eS eet aoe tee ee meson es 35 hemitheas2eses se sees meee 99, 209 

Tne iilatell gee ee see eee 34 hermura....--.----+-++--+-+++-+ 11 
Wubagis pieridoides. -5---- 252 cess seein. 142 holoclera...-..-.-+--+-++-++-+++- 105 
OSEV CLUDE ee see teresa oaeene 142 illyiaria......---.-..------------ 104 

SAI DOUSA LM Rete te ecome meena. 142 ilyrias......-.--.---------------- 104 
Bublemma cinnamomea.........------------ 190 iulianatasace sete a seeere sa see 107 
Halabi oa eSSacoksoadhscosaues 198 AUNCIGH ose ace ocean eee 107, 210 

Bu prac ii ell veers =a ate eae 716 junettas eee cee scree 100, 209 
phalChCHIG necks Soceaadcodee 717 Mabistessktselee hee seeeessace 114 

IBTICereonpTy alin ee tatelalaiaiea islet =l=le = 164 MB PIca Ts eee wee sateen ae eee 100 
IGT RIRS EVIE 5 Soo oege sepseadeccuase 164 Motalliperase4). eee ee eee 99, 209 
rogersi.....-------+-+-+++++--++-+- 164 metamorphan..s-s-se-e eens 109 
Euchlanis dilatata......--------------------- 532 TiiCGa ees Wee ee eee 95, 112 
oropha...-...----------------+--- 532 imicrdledGa, 225k oe eee 1 

Se jolie) Seba wie Mo Tat ca Rane e 39 oe MOG OS idee en eee ae eecemea 111 

“fate mene is ea ta RAED p aok ps acon er 
Pee Oo. vue eer 249 TICCACA eat aicte = eee a aee eye 109 

mr Ry 2 ny Kh Ree 249 MOLCUCa sees meee eee nate 100, 209 
PUDTAUNAGRAC co. Lac tegie OuGe Sle 249 ornata...-..-+---+-+++---22++--- 99, 111 
Eucratoplax spinidentata............-------- 119 OSSCATB. «== 2- = 2-2-2222 ns on eon 2s 99 
Eucratopsis macrophthalma.......---------- 119 PIERO S Caer = aceaSe SHS RS Os o-c 110 
AMudamUstasinele Sees eee eke ee seek Saale 152 perducens.......--..- Beales ei=i= l= 107 
Catt USM meee ence seis castes 152 Perlatas tee ee saa eee 210 


740 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
Biilepidotisspersimilis-- esses ee eee 108: | Euzophera climosa 2 .- <- <<. s-e22s2s-2e°" 335 
PLSMatiCae meso e eee 101 conquistador, _.5.....i.25-cse--eeee ee 335 
pulchellsss- Scos- 5 - eee oe lll givantella: . 2.) ...caveeesetere oe 407 
rectimargOu se: o-ee see See 109, 210 glomis: <22.3s2ce Shee 335 
TOAUCONS = “ase toca ee aes ee es 104 Mabes'a.c2 2. on iseeeceeaeeeeees 334 
TOC ALIS Ho 5 Smee eeceme ee eccm eae 102 pongipennella... .- .s2sa2422 seek 407 
TRtCUL Ate men scene eee eee 103 rinMeaes:. -2=/<sescie eee wees. 335 
Sabina jn2esisece soe sae ee 103 tin tila oc 2 933 eee 334 
Santarema. oso eee as ee 1094)((E:xomalopsis/similiss----5--5-== eee eee ee 121 
schedoplauca.-...---2--2--2--< 105; || Hy limaroleaces\ 55-2 2... serene eee 414 
Solectaes steno. ene eee cacere 102. || Hilinia longiseta.. ..:-)) 2.5. .-<.-- epee 554 
SOnpeOU Gera eae cease eee eet 106 | Fishes, two Cottoid, from Monterey Bay, Cal- 
Stella oe eee Cees eects cere 101 Porn: - (2 jos 05 Soe eceena ves eee See ee 135 
Shigmasticta-+:o-)-s0-cee eee 105,383 | Pissurella alternata.2.........-.-2--cases=ee> 421 
Strinepuncta--a-5 54-6. a emecni-9- 107 ;}) Bloscularia ripgens)--s<-=:) oe ee eee 554 
SUPPULAsS Seen ne eee 109; 3835). Hocilla suerini.- 2-5... <3. ss seer eee eee 206 
SUZ tas cose weacccbe-ceeae eases 101 mMconstans ss*iSe52 25:5 eee eee 206 
sylphasccress costes eee ee 105/384 1), Rortinea 327. tose stsc oem oe= occa eee eee 3 
telivera soc Alc oscaeseeieven occ 100 auriciliclla sce. 2504 sst ont eee 3 
TESLACEICEDS scm cee eee eee ee 110,211 | Frierson, L.S. Anew pearly freshwater mus- 
transcendenSs<<4... asSsceaececa= 102 sel of the genus Hyria from Brazil......... 363 
Vincentiatace. 22: Sasa=ee wen see 114: ||, Wnuva vinculises 25.5. - ase eee ee 382 
VIRIGISSIMS. 2s 2 see caret See 1040. |p ul eur Carica sqse——- (eee eee ee eee 413 
Eumacrodes (Euacidalia) orbelia.....--.---- 239) (|; Fundellaahemora:o.. 2... si.) 403 
Eumenes santa-anna..........-..----------- 514 pellucens 2.23212. 52 2, eee ee 327 
unica modestas-os- seep eeeeeeece eee eee 149))) Galanda funereassoa--.s6 see seep eee eee 218 
Buparolia nipimidalis--o2 = esse sess sas eee 402 | Galasa belliculalis................2.-....2--- 307 
Wupleura caudatas------2-5-----seshe= secs 414 Caustalisie «7 Sossscmne son secon ees 309 
Euprosterna elaeasa........---------2-----<- 250 Coli bry tribh ee seer pee eemmeee APT ae 5 te 309 
Mupioleta heresiace sees assy seer er cel 141 dubitalis = * oc 265-255 Scone eee 309 
Wuptiyciiaicamenrtas-eec nee ceeeeee ee oeee 143 ferwid Qlisys tous e seca sce ee ee 307 
OTIS see sans Py ee eee oor 143 lophopalis.2 250) os-ccceserenteee eee 307 
CDUSA See eee ee cee ee 143 LDU RCEN CARNE Os See ae rape 308 
Ufo Ng eee A ae UR AE 5 ae eee 143 MONI LORALIS S yytos saat eee 307 
IMANISH se oe oes sete eae ce 143 pallidalis ecm sere oe eee eee 308 
mollingdess soos cere ae eee 143 TOlALIV ALIS Sores aac a eee eee 308 
OGIEEHOG so ero oN ae eee 14 strenualis S22 Sone cos soe seat 308 
DALES eee ese ae eee 143 Sty glalise oo. cc s.j1cece aaa n oes 308 
Suivalens:0 cs. sen oet rece nee ce 365 Subpallidalis eee = == mane e eee 307 
MUTOLOM ye east ose ce es eee eee 154 unifactalisin. cass. c- ee oe eee 397 
TMG yfHUSe oes eee on eee eee 154 | Galepha azeta............................... 205 
Eurrhyparodes lydanus...........---------- 961. |) Gallica ss. 5.2 asin onic sinoie eee eee 6 
SCUIGUS! 5725. sce peeeea ee 261 WENOSS . ook acwoc ences se ceeeeeeee 6 
splendenss42-— -seeeeeasee ree O61) |p Camelia irra se see entero ee eee eee 157 
Muryibia halimede sess s2 see eee 146 ATES Cee ee 157 
Liv CISC HS os tee eee eae sees 146 |) xGardeniaimarnificals—--- 2-2 sees aee eee 175 
UPL As oe ee ee 146 | Garter-snake, Thamnophis ordinoides, the 
Eurychelus MOQUMMeN = 5h. te Glee ee 126 variations exhibited by, inhabiting the 
Eurythemia coquilla.............----------- 339 Sausalito Peninsula, California. ........... 351 
TES tildsas a ee oe eae eee eee 339 | Gaudeator paidicus..........-....-2..-.....- 166 
Wurydhtiiasise Mes chee pee eee eee ‘999 |, Gazena catamelas=.---------05-s< see teers 242 
jenilabiacs ce st ncreeasee 338 | Gekasimus gibbosus..........2..2--..------- 127 
Wurythmia|coca=--eess-e eee seer ees ecee 939 | Gelechia geniatellas-<---- nearer eee 13 
mOssAe AES. Cs eeseawamett eet: 340 palpigera.....-.--.--++-++++++++2+-+ 10 
LNChAM ee To Soeoe ee eee res 340 ? paraplutella. ...........-.---------- 13 
Purythmidia ignidorsella..........--.-....-- 338 Gelenipsa psychodidarum pigs SRN sg 192 
PWusarea sulbfasciatay..<< --- o-sseeee ee noe 241 POT SE Dee Sige rk) Co a a pes 
Euschirropterus poeyi pulverosa 175 =e Las Seon Saas 2a io = 
: : ate SOR WRU Se ahs pct oc ay aa es ~ | Genusa vicina...-.---..-..-..-..22.-- 22.22. 242 
Eustrotia catilina go oatan yah oy een 195 Gephyra costinotatal-----:-- = saaaeeeneete 297 
abehysire elie See Be ee ea 381 pORponins: <4 whee Ewen 297 
pulmona........------++---++-+++- 195 |. ‘Gephyrélla 24. sib Guy as ae cea 299 
Eutelia abscondens..-.-..-..----.--2-.------ 199 parsimonalis! 5. 2st adewe 299 
apithana................------------ 382) Gerid iis iminx-— e554 see 170,171 
(vig: ina be ep era eaonoecicann AOneSeanee 199 | Giant Hornbill (Rhinoplax vigil), a peculiar- 
BH iby CHIGe NAGI =: sar 2 te are sian ite 154 ity in the growth of the tailfeathersofthe.. 497 
phaetusa. 92 .2bes. Soca eee eae 154 | Gilbert, Charles H. Two Cottoid fishes from 
IBEX GS ALTOSUIS s ccc. acceler wiaisiscet siciacieleiere 175 Monterey Bay, California. ..........-...--- 135 


INDEX. 741 

Page Page. 

Givirajuturna se eh. oeeee tue eee Looe 349) Harnoching!25,se snes | Sakae mete: Sreustle 340 

Glossopaschigiye see wicca ae ie Rey ee 326 recilinea as eee eee ee eee 340 
CARNOSeS HEAT Aue ene e satis e 326 | Harring, Harry K. Report on Rotatoria from 

Glyphipteryx bergstraesserella.............. 61 Panama with descriptions of new species... 525 

plenellaat Soni sees ee 2 Gils | PEVed yilevheliconarin= sy eena eae ae 243 

Glyphodes adornatalis.............2........- 2d) ELeLiCOniO Saal bt el) ane ee ne en 145 

amoestalis=<= a5 eee 277 Charithonig::2).52 2a) ee 146 

OR PUS tae Sek eee 277 Chioneuse. cece eee ee 146 

BUSONIAs zeta ole ees 2 277 Claudia 3-2)... ccee eee eee 146 

DUSCKAL reke oM ise ra © 277 CLBUOS 2 s.)ocesectcece eee ome 146 

Cumalisi a3se- ee eee = 277 ISMMENIUS 210555 yoo ee eee 145 

Clegans eet ieee ee ae neene 426 jucundus’ss.0-5-ccee ce eee ee 145 

hyalinatas sya seer ae 426 magdalena 220... eee eee 146 

AEM ALISE ope tee ee 277 melpomenes==)s 55-2. eee 146 

JAIGUSAIS Sect ee eee ea 277 DelLVeTanUSes-eee see eee 146 

latilimbalissce< 2: 5 yeaa 276 PAD OLB Says cere ic Seis ee 146 

Hucidaliisky. se Sl ee ney) Zia) eeliocontisiapicella see. ase se2 eee eee 198 

MII AIS ei ea alee se ee Bul Boas 276 lepus concordens...-..5.-....--. 198 

plumbidorsalise=2s25- 2 sees eee 277 perstructana cts... sceeee sone 198 

SIDS Ss re ae ae eerie 274, || eleliopetes’alanat- 55.4552. oo eee eee 154 

Goniacidalia balmata: 25. 6-5----- eee 237 arsalitesncaecce ace ceee eee ane 153 

fUTCHETAtarSe eae ee eee eee 23) | eeliura banocaes.seesas eee ea eee 164 

Gonioterma burmanniana................... 51 | Hemerophila contrariana.................-.. 55, 56 

CONa a se ase ese coun ate eee 53 laciniosellasda memes soceaace 55 

POL ay ce Lee i A CEE Ne ee 52 meratellawic- co eae eee 55 

impressella ieee eet ene see ble pEkemiceras clan kivesssse = ee eee Fee OP 

TINTING Seve aes Seas eee ee eee 52 COPEMA 515-2 5s deeee aces eee 227 

Gonitisiede trixie seneecescc. ace neem on enen 209 Geornata: <2 icee-cere eee ae 227 

Goniurusicoelus=ssecee saeco eee 152 E@VaNeSCens soos cs 2 ae 227 

CALS Ee eeis nme tenet ee nee 152 HAVESCENS Sa 5<aite see ee 226 

Gonodesicuncbatas-o- anne. eee eee eee 178 indistans: <2... -ccescee aoa eee ee 227 

densissimasns ep o -e ke eee 178 Oleagingt mses s5cascE eee eee 226 

Gonodontaielaborans.-2-sa5---- see ee 425 planar ise ehas nee eos 226 

ginaldusk.see sate aoe = aes 203 rufescens=. 25. .52- = eee 227 

immMaculae sy asasee sees eee 203 WeCina ss s2as- os ce eee eee 226 

DY TLONS As See ee eee ee E 203 | Hemipecten niveogrisea...........--.-...--- 349 

Gonopionea aschanalis..............-.....-- 281 | Hemiptilonota rudimentaria................. 234 
(GOrgora;s Morea fee eel eee 377,378 | Henderson, John B.,and Paul Bartsch. Lit- 
Graeperiaicostalisa mies pce eae eee 194 toral marine mollusks of Chincoteague 

Grapsidae and Ocypodidae, new species of Tslinds \Vireiniass i242. 2 see a eee 411 

crabsiofthedamilics- as sae ese eee 69)) |eelepialusimomus== ss s- 5-2-2 eee 350 

Gryllodesrufipese-ea ee ee ee 495) | ?Herdonia bricifaciestc- s..- 54252 peeseeeeeee 256 

Guatemala, vespoid and sphecoid hymenop- iHerminiodes atrisignatas-------2<s-seceeeee 216 

REL AUEOMA Sei ccltceewee eee ten ee eee 513 concatenalist css ne ease eee 216 

Gymaccia dirce: = 252255 eee es 142 INSUIAE oe ere se ec eee 216 

Haemales criorata.so2 c= o2 sce een een ence 235 latrise: <ce cee asec ate eee 217 

IMA COALIAN Ss ee eee ee ees aioe 235 longistrisiaees +. -scee ee sence 217 

MACOUM A. cen tee ee eee DOs weELCLSC) CHOU et Lae seeeettee er nee a ae 155 

pullidar seats ene oes ese e oes 234") Hesperia motatas.c<ces 22secees- emcee aeons 154 

stramineaic 2: sssa.ers-ces eee 235 Syrich tus# et sscs<a5 Sasso eee 154 

Lerminabases ssssces eee eee 234 | Hesperomys (Onychomys) leucogaster....... 427 

Fialesa saenibsalisseasscees ness asec eee 241 torridus...... 427,456 

FIALCtUS|AUTBLUS=ssos= se see eeie See eo ee eee 133 COLTIGUS.< 22S- 2.222 San eeeeecaeeee 456 

PUNCtifronss. 2 26 Fee se ewes 133;3|(nEleterephyraicuneiferas. -254-6— --- he eeneseeee 231 

speclesw eos 2hsabesacsoGeee oe eo 133 TIM Ttataes «nooo santa 231 

HMalisdotacatenulatas sos ee ene eee ee oe 173 Naltona 0.54534 es-5 eee 231 

rhomboid eal. sees eee 173 Semibrunnea-aase- see eee 231 

Hamadera aurea .2: 22 cs. J-ne oslo esse 23) |p eterocampailaecaassecen ee ateaeeee caer eee 225 

Mamearisydomings 2 o.o. 6c semiassceeeeeeeenee 148 lOpodites eae asec eee eee eee 225 

ELOStLALUS. 3.5.) f2e se aeeee ee sence 148 notabilis.-..2/--Goa=ea-ene ese 225 

Hammaptera columbaria........-.---------- 228 PUNCtAtAS sas eee eee eee eee 225 

PIMP CNN Ae ae ce maite ee eee 228 (ROWE Ser ooas nconasaososn Se 225 

Harmaclonacossidella:.< 5... ..-4.---eeee eo 63 WiridesCens = -S-. assoc eee 225 

Harnoehaess eases. e 4 SE orn ee eehcee 337 | Heterochroma postalbida..............-.-.-- 424 

PVEIESS AS see penne co ec eataeeenenee 337,338) Haleithia decostaliss-- o--ca...ssseee oseee eee 265, 267 


742 INDEX. 

Page. Page. 
Hollister, N. A systematic account of the Hypudaeus leucogaster...............- 427, 430, 437 

grasshopper mice. d= cass -- seen eee 427 | Hyria, a new pearly fresh-water mussel of the 
omalopalpiay2 5 cp esect see eee 332 PONUS MRO BrAz lee evan leh ere 363 
dalerascecst eee cee a 332 BMAZONIS A : sss ie eet eee 363 
euthaless ease ae See 403 CORP pabaee ono cate pe ee 363 
Homoeocera stictosoma...-.-2.-s2.<-+->--<« 161 croceimarnginataj<: 4. 22 ges ae 234 
Homoeosoma mucidella. . 2 325222 e ees. 342 flexalinea iy Se.) -.- eee ee 233 
TOUSIOSHM As ee eee se 342 Pavisatawe. <5... 23. 233 
Soracllay. 222-2500 eee ese 328 POMMAr 83 22s. ce ee ee 233 
Homonsasqilar ae ess ene ge 53 nebleriac: ih ss che 1 Co edge eee 233 
coffeariaices. o> eae 53 bumiliss. 23.2. cit cca cee eee 363 
CONSODrIna Ses. ee eres ee 54 paulescar: |: 8s en 233 
patulanas3-2 5.52.8 eee a 55 rosinariae = 2.4.62... 233 
SQ Dashatian 4 ee et a S| 54 Tubidentata. +. 24: .2.2. nue ee 233 
Homoncocnemis psaphidoides..............- 374. ||| Ehyssiaidegenerans:.*. . Seat 373 
Homophysacallases ee eee sa eee 256 plenipotentiaas....6-c-eeea eens 373 

Cymialis. 2-5, > oaks 256,257,296 | Ichneumonoidea, results of the Yale-Peru- 

in Visalis= sas ee ee 256 vian Expedition of 1911. Addendum to the 
Mmoripundalis esses eeeeees s 257,296 DiysNeNO DLenaye seen tee eee eee ee 361 
Obiola®. Hk Ses eA eS 256. Udaesiasopiata 2. -e2e~soeeee<s ae eee 231 
polyeyma, Baio eee es 1 As ee 256 COST6 ras 3 sak a ya 232 
Sequistrialisie oes 4. eae ae 257 IMproprigtas.- 262 J. sa-Ke use sees ee 232 
Homophysodes: \-8:..2 seen ee 296 Janceolescens= =~ <:25445 45sec uae eee 232 
MONDIdaliswey eA ee oe 296 OSSU aie eee tellers eee eee eee 231 
Homopyralis elongata ..........:..-...-..-- 214 subquadrata. 22-22 ~-e-scsaeeceeeee eee 231 
TNIFOUS oo ee oe can ee ota) | Tdalusphinpiaves: so sc2. . 2. aece cee eaen eee 173 
Praeustalisk-o-~22- sR \14\'|p Testa: jcancellalisy. 25 2: 2 12a eee ee 320 
Vinidis 154.0% .2-<iibe et en O14, | Glatile cols sconce so ccteisnc ce eee eee 334 
Honora cinerélias4e 5. a: oe eeee 407 Surbyris 27 2. csc sss see eee 334 
opothiawnstioma soeee= oe eee a 220) |) Wibceencono tum Saneee ee oan eee eee eaeee 167 
Hositeaibicinctas-ereccse: cen Se eee. 314 HUN io iaerenaaesnoqseneobaasosane sc 168 
Efyalarctiatepicans sc. cose see ee 369 opulentta sees eae eee eee 168 
Miyalostictarobliqualis! se. se eee a 309 | Isanthrene crabroniformis................-.- 160 
Miyalothyrus meleusss-.5..05-as- see nee 159) |: Escadialleena ee an-2 acese ea eeee  eeeee 202 
Fiyalurga subnormalis......s-..-22222---.-.- 174: |) Isehnopterisirastellarias-.20 44 seen eee 242 
Hy blaea DUCA soe once ee es 903))|' Ischnurgesichromophilaz --- 22> sass eee 394 
Pydatacadueata-t 525 wee ee ee ee 23f)) |, [sogonalaeoliaee: =): see 2 sermons eee 206 
My.draenomislorcinus:sesp 22 s-ge ee eee 153 LOVED LK eels nee oe tae eee 206 
Hydroeciodes rectilinea..................-..- 372 | Ithonia exponens.......--......-../.-.------ 205 
Hylephila phylaeus..........-.-...2-2-.-.. 154,494 || Jocara noctuina. --__ =... oon seen sne ee ee 324 
Hylesia cressida............ vee eee ae 158 RUMobi Aw See aoreecasssosccdanscsccc: 324 
dnvidiosasee eae te ee 158). Jonacajcompulsanac=.--2---2 “eee eee ee 56 
Schausit '.24 0s xo has SRO ee eal 157 Oliva care eee ae =a naar 57 
SD ie Aaa ree rer a treater test Oe 158: |; Vosia falvia see sek Se ele eee 244 
SHU Ss eee eet Ss 8 15Re |oUNOnIa COCMIA=. c5 acetate eee 142, 423 
SDHC owen ceed cen pene 158 | Keratella cochlearis:-- 52 -----2-- 2225 semremee 531 
Hymenoptera from Guatemala, vespoid and quadrata.............--22-22.---.- 532 
Sphecoid’s 222. esa 5 ate 513 Sup ita latte eae ec nee eee 531, 582 
Hymenoptera, superfamilies Apoidea and Labiosa (Raeta) canaliculata...........-.--- 413 
Chalcidoidea, of the Yale-Dominican Ex- ~ Laevicardium mortoni ....-.........-------- 413 
podition of 1913¢e 0.4 eat ee ee 191. | Wangsdoriiairanckil. - 222 esse tee 349 
Heypaneya; poOronodaesass- a2 eeeee eee a: 164 | Laphygma frugiperda..............-...----. 177 
Efypena leuctrascs. 2.10... sme ee 919 | Larandus marmoratus......-.._-2.ccees---42 495 
macifedis 021-7 4 ROC ee ae 219 | Latebraria amphipyroides..................- 204 
Ey penopsis;macila 26) soe ee eee ae 17g | Lauron sora............--.-2--2-.22.eeeee eee 174 
Hypermescinia lambella..................--- 341 | Lecane aeganea...............-.--.----+--- 542, 544 
Hyperparachma rhodalis.................-.- 302 amorpha............--.--------+--- 544, 560 
Ey pocalaiandremona es seen eee ee 204 arcula ..........---.--++--+---- 539, 540, 561 
Eby POCH arise hit eet 3 AOA OES 162 compta............----.-..-------- 540, 561 
Clusia 3252 ea 162 Crepides-tea: 4525s sce eee eee 533, 534, 561 
Hypocosmia bimaculalis.................-... 301 CUR VIC OTIS yt) e ee eee 534, 536, 561 
rectilmeslis: 2-5 ecece eek 301 doryssa.......--------++----------- 542, 543 
Hypogramma damona..................-...- 207 elegans. ....--------+-++-++++++--+--- 544 
Hy polerialibera:<o*. 54). pes ee 145 SUCCES see) sash oSonadadsecuesossecs= <2 537 
iypsipylaicnabella.....25-:f.24ese eee eee 405 flexilisy.25.- cared eassaasso 0 538, 539, 560 
MUPISCISs I5 5542 as ee eee ee 330 NHOLMeMANNI | oo1.05 ows come ree ee 543 


INDEX. 743 
Page. Page. 
Mecano leontinalsc<jés'ss ac -eesisasseeeesee news 536 | Lernaeopoda galei...................-. 618, 633, 635 
GWAR Ui 2 eee ene acne see = 537, 538 eibbere. 2 cocks emcees eee 615 
DUM 2 see ee elsien dens ssite-peeseeseke 534 INGIMUS). 2-53. 4anece een eee 614 
MarshitcisoH-scee jsee eee eee 537, 538 Lorn pritee. snc 2s eee eases 633 
NANG ecw Sarco RL aac eae 536, 541, 561 Lonpibrachia=-<-eoeeeeectnoeeee 633 
Ohioensisiees scosecckasseceee eases 538 mustelilsss.<\-.-\o-eeeeeeenee 633, 635 
102) 6) 0c: Ya ees A ee ee ec 534 Obese: 242: =sacea sue tate coset 633 
ploenensiss = js55e s.6/- nase once 536 Salmoneg. -)..52 28s seo 2 4- 607, 609 
DUsia see ee Oe ee 541, 561 Seyllilcu. . ona eae 633, 635 
SibMN as sos eh hnn cements aeteios:s 534, 535 sebastisesscccso..c se aueeaece 633 
Stokes}. s.Se ccs sawed ce eevee ete 538 similis 315 ;..332/2,.-c2eashcemeeeeeees 634 
temuise tais- ies assoc se i eciaeieeince 543,560 SISCOWCL=.<..,55. 5-5. o5 ates ee 608 
Ung wlatases< Secs soeceiocicicieate sane 534, 535 SPINACiS! ay A458 chee ee eae 634 
NGO WACIILAR Seer cae elon see See eee 412 Stellatadc.s-2- teases eeeeeeces 634 
Ieemoniasicilissasene= 2 ase aawaniesenes ae 148 thy malic sees eee score ses 613, 632 
WeUCIANUSE Go see ca. nielswence meres 148 | Lernaeopodidae, North American parasitic 
WOlANZONe pe cinic. sme ite ceeeree eee 148 copepods belonging to the, with a revision 
entagena au daria =<j:<. <ceissisnscees oe sce = 349 olitheentireiamilyeces--- see eee eee eee 565 
Lepadella cyrtopus............-..--:-------- oo0F | Rermaeopodina +=. <<caccnccce oe eeee ee eee eee 639 
UMIPRICAt AS anon eee ees as-is 549 Chuithae 3-5-2222 seseeeeee eee 639 
pabellas a een. soja ceeee eee eOeee 549 longibrachiatesss-ss-seeee ene 641 
SOHGUSEer aoa aa acer eeeeeeee eee 549 1) CE beenacadanbeaaecacnoe 639, 641 
[REV OL ES) &: Banden ae pane ae=en one anaan Dd0n iberodestnipunctatare=sces. = eee eee eae eee 154 
Wepastawmiscta se socal shoes to cn eeenteeieeeterente 224") bis herCUlia: | sclee 6 sce ee eae eee bee 204 
Mepidodes limbulatan<— 5.5. esse aeeise aes 205 hercynas woe ea oock ade pees 204 
epidogma ViOleSCenS:. <=. -j.-<\seeci-= ssc 323 MAGN oe 5 ieee ame a eee eee 204 
Lepidomys, bilinealis:<- 2.2.2 <2 22 scecm-ecm ce 301 My Corina ..hsc see sc sees cee ee 203, 425 
ITLOMOS Beers laste ccesiiacecias 300 tissaG. Se Tak ke TCC ee ee pees 204 
INT EOS Po ooodac seegocsconbssecese 300/)| diweinodesidissolyenss5- soe see e ee eee 278 
platybathyralis. =~ 22 2ocseccee =- 301 elegantalist* sass eset meee ee 27: 
WaPIGANS! 225 sis-< done scwe Suiscee eee 301 var prophetica........ 278 
Lepidoptera, new species and genera of, from Leucochroma analytica.....................- 263 
WIGESIEOE os pooeoesogdd oboe cHeteScecossnaponcs 365 columbiensish=ssos-ces ee ee ere 262 
Lepidoptera of the Panama Canal Zone, col- COLOPCe <i Sos Se aes 262 
lected under the auspices of the Smithsonian eupharamacis: e-cmeedeeee ce 263 
IBIOLOPICAl SUI Oy <tnjae cea erie 139 eupbthinyllaee-sac eee eee eee 262 
Lepidoptera of the Yale-Dominican Expe- Weucosigma‘reletiva: =<. 6.2-.-.<=-seea eens 181 
PUIUTOMNOL LOTS 5 eee ama an eee eae 423 uncifera: >. v2-0ns se sesee ee ee sence 181 
Leptidule antithesis.............--..-..--..- 228) ||| heucothynisspaula---- 22-2. -dasssee- eeeaee 145 
Leptoctenista dubia........-.-.-.--.-.-.---- 218 | Leuculodes dianaria...........--.22-.------ 389 
S19) oddoceedccedesocsasoanccosec 218 | Leurophyllum luridum.....................- 493 
WMerenia ac ClUSecen: eecerise eae ee eer ae 155 | Lichenochrus fulvicosta............-.------- 493 
iLayeal Gry calihedb hovel G5 Soap ooemeeseencaScoseseo Goon nignyostola lacy CUS esse s-eeeme=ss sneer 153 
CUGAVENID S655 Soeecousdesedcnasogsnos 637)|) Wigonisiexquisitata.------s-ecess-e- 24-522 ee 232 
Salim ON CBee ee eters iene ener 596, 604 | Timnias ceratophylli.........-......--.----- 554 
UN CINA LAS eee neaic eee eee OOTjGSOR i Ieineodesifontolla==sssse= sass ceetere tee cee eee 284 
Lernaeomyzon uncinata..........-.-.-.-.--- 680 MESOGOBTA Secs aes e aso ee = see 284 
WernacOpOd asae sre eeerc cere aeeere see eer 631 OO) CNIS cogbeoepocecosessecpeede 284 
Deane Meese cece eeesae saa 615 VMI Cats sse etter eer een eos eeee 284 
bicaudata.....-..---------.- 632,656 | Liopasia maculifimbria..................-..- 394 
bicauliculatacs--.s225.see-5--- 612 SUM PUGISSTN ALIS weer eerste erates 280 
OIGIS CANS So ace esas all 635 1 Lipatia crotolariella.........-.....-...-...-- 10 
brongniartii:<..<js-c- see =~ 631, 634 | Lipocosma consortalis..............--------- 259 
Carploniseaecacreeeeeeeteeesere 60 iWosalis= Ss 22252 si 2. Seas 392 
Clavigera:.5s-2cherecoeeeseene 613, 632 parcipunctalist.-- 2. -2>-+--e-s5-6 258 
cluthae «.. s.c652 2252555532 222 632, 653 punetissimaliss =e sees eee 258 
COLOLOND ee see ee ele 623, 632 teliferalise S22 spsseceeer ese eee 258 
COregOnNOrum=.-- 2.522 2.2-2 2. ~~ 632 | Lipomelia divaricata............-.-.-----.-- 233 
CYPLINACCAe = eae cleo aeae aie G33 pelniraminisiGnun Cataener tees eee eee er eee 224 
dalmannics-sssese seen eee 6337600n| ilntthacod 1a Oba: ae ecnae == mee neers eee er 195 
edwardsii- <<<: a:t22s. 2-22-52 609,633 | Lithurgus, names applied to bees ofthe genus 87 
GlONSA tases eeeeee ee eee 6374/) sbittorinarirroratas-- =~. 2s s-ens sae ee 421 
COTES teeta rates eels 632), Bonomia eymira: <2 22.2 2-22. - n-ne 159 
HAIOPNO RD  satisse oobceSoccn nese S5 613 | Lophosema purpurascens........------------ 200 
TOMTIM AIS apo ee ae 609,610,633 | Loxophlebia leucothemia........-.---------- 160 
MONA See eaee saa eee aes 633 | Larperina cuppes..-.---.--2=-esceer=-2--=--= 374 


744 


Page 
TUtOSA CUDENSISo<.----—-= =~ ee el 494 
Lycaena hanno......-------------+-++---- 152, 423 
Lycaugesia calochroia.....------------------ 187 
epistigmas +. oo ceee- ese 187 
fUSCICOSLD). esos fee es ae ate aeeiee= 187 
gratificula..- 02 2--see in =~ =~ 188,189 
hemipennis= so-so see 189 
homogramma.......------------ 187 
hypozonata.......------------ 187,188 
infantilisseseecasseer eee as 187 
MOlASOIIA poe stamens soa =i 187 
TMICTOZALO sa ae sista slaettelel alata! ol='= 187 
MONOStOU AL eae eee ees ce 189 
perpurpura.......-------.------- 188 
postnigrescems.....-------------- 188 
PSCUCUPAY I IeE | Je ome mesial a0 188 
Samiblandase,)--y ssieoee eee = ee 189 
SOMICIATA: oa ncsn-<tee eee ane este 187 
Shipmalenca sere nse eer 188 
Titlele Wh ocee a seo cdo coqpe Ee ae 188 
Lycomorphodes genificans.......----------- 169 
SOrdidae sees - sees ea === 166 
Lycophotia infecta.....-.-.--------------- 175, 424 
maith. SSS Ane ocersosadere san 175 
Lycorea cleobaea....-.--.------------+++-++- 144 
Lygropia alitemeralis.........--.------------ 275 
Ghromalissere esse caceaseeeere es 275 
GOST ee yee sais seats retainer 275 
erythrobathrum.......-.---------- 276 
faSCIcOSstaliss 4-2 nee aeee = 275 
AM PAaralisee seer ee see =e 276 
Jeialiss eaves. seer aa eee 275 
Nate) cB SOU Ris ia etncineosoaaqeosnee 275 

WIMIPIN ALIS 3 eee a eee ne 27 
ODrMIUISAalIS so sesame eens = 275 
LNICOLOraAliss se waeeeee eee <== ae 275 
Lyonsia hyalina. .........--..--------------- 413 
MaySAN a pLUSIAN A= ae os eel cale eee ate 224 
Macallaimiveorlttanees cesses -s- 52 ce eee 323 
Wohamee Wiha p ana socdscodseshasanasec 323 
Machlotica atractias..........--.-----------. 61 
Chr ySod etal ssc -se ems eee na 61 
Macrochaetus collinsii.........---.--.------- 551 
Macrocneme auripes........-.--------------- 162 
CDTYSOCAMSIB Sao. ame freei 162 
Tn CISHMNCTAS sae e eles a eee eee eee 162 
Laconia tate ect eae eeetes 162 
G6 (Coes Dae Ane co caoeroaceS 162 
. CabiMensis: sase ese secee 162 
Macrophthalmus brevis.........------------ 83 
erandidieril. jo. === ~ 83 
San Gak antics seca se eta 69,82 
sulcatus. < seeccees eee 83 
Macrotheca poecilostigma...."..-.----..----- 315 
Maerodes Colom DalisS te 2 = arises encanta 218 
IMalocampa matraliss: 2. seem eeecnee nian 225 
UEODSOLS see a ls ear eee eee seme 388 
ar pilis) CAEN Oaisa == ee ee he sire eer 413 
SHOCIOS ee enews semen ee ys 413 
Maniaempedocles: -sceccesscece-see ee ecestes 244 
MOMMIS 3 oe onr- 2 32k bah ts eee octet ne 244 
Mantrida chironomus:=.2 esses oc ceeeaene er 223 
GILAliCAl acc sen ese ceo. Seeioss 223 
Mapeta‘omphephora. . =: -e-e-e-s- ee 402 
Marasmia cochrusalis: <- cu-esseceeos eee 263 
floridalis.  ccocceneecs sce eee 265 


INDEX. 


Page 

Marginella apicina borealis...............-.- 413 
Marthula rufescens® ~ xc .:<52 sec ee Sooo oe 223 
Margca testualis:cecess. So eee 279 
Maschane erratipennis. - ...-..6-2~ eee ee ebeee 225 
‘Massala imitans). ace a uise eee cee ee 205 
Masseplis apa oiinngsce sce aettetaeeeeeaee 257 
Mastigophorus lysizonasscssn=- eee 218 
Mazaezla relate ccc ocencinn ease eee eet 204 
Mechanitisisthmia: —5-<c.5-sne eee 145 
MACTINUS .. 2 oo hse 145 
Medavaidiminuta, 5s. c-.--ec eae eee 202 
Mevachile binotata= .---=.cs-<-e-= eee 133 
ClON ALAR .ciss ie 2.2.diarorst ek ee 132 
flavitarsatar <joscsec 26 nee 132 
muUliGens).. 3..46.55245. se eee 132 
Megachyta)priassalis . 2.2 =2..-sueeanemee eee 218 
Mevalopygelalbicolliss-... 5.56. seeete teers 251 
Gostaricensis:. 4.420955: soe 251 

lanate. 2... sacieeeanee eee eon aes 251 

MUIticollis|-....c 49: e seater 251 
Megalotrocha/spinosa..-5....c <2 *ee eee eee 555 
Meparthria peterseni: 52. .<-ssoeeareeee er 328 
Merasis\punctella 524-6 mec ou eee 404 
Megastesigrandalis. - 52 33-2cs-co-eeeee eee 278 
Mecistias:cerd0ss2 22s 520 a0seeee oe eeeeee 155 
Melanchroia cephise........-...--- Soy th: Se 425 
Melanelia ‘oleacea .. -i:.-% 12.2.2 Rjaceeoen ascaes 414 
Melese:asanay.c. achat rococo ane 173 
INCOR: 22.45.25. sas see eee ae 173 
laodamia..cs - 35542 82 Sete ee Sees oc 173 
Melicertairingens - 32-5 e555 pee tee eens 554 
Melinashirtipalpisies 22432-62955. 8-e2 aoe 218 
Melinoes:idae .3 ce seen eon aoe 144 
Melipona variegatipes: 1.02224. 222 Ss ee 131 
Melipotis:contortas i525. 2225222 2 2ees See 425 
JANUSTISL A ee isso eee 204 
Melissa:imperialisssqnnbesct cate eee Soe 132 
Melissodes cajennensis. ...........-.s2-s-se28 132 
INSWIATIS = 755 osw ccc eee ene eee 132 
rufodentata. > <j2<S5ateeroe eee 132 

Melitara Jermaldalis: = J-% «522 ac seen 407 
Menopsimus crambiformis.........-.----.-- 178 
Meseinia Derosaj<:. 5022-2 cee eee eee 341 
MOSCOS = cs sccc.ceeecédcwas sees 341 

tHIOSES 565. oo sa ecicastns cng eeeR EEO eee 341 

Mesene rubellaj205.5..0.5.<kassnceeeee soot 147 
Mesocondylka concordalis..........--.....-.- 269 
tarsibarbals: °.--\...-<s-eeseee 270 
Mesosciseriophoras.]< 22.6.5. ee eee 251 
Mesosemiacs 2% cases. aaceeeeee eee eens 146 
OSA 2e acces ase eee eee eee 147 

Molina: -.....<-\255s-Peeeeet eee es 147 

telegoness: 4024S eee eee 146 

Mesothen pyrrhacsc---s.---es eee eee 160 
Metacharis victrix: . 2: .- <<. «22h serene nee 148 
Metalectracontacta..... s-2..2a4eosse= os eee 214 
contactoides.....-:...cas.2-ee8--o--—- 214 

Gidyimar).c2- -eeeee ee eee eee 215 

diversata.- -. 3 4-oeeeeeee eee 216 
mochtheros: = 5. :besaeeseencceecies 215 

monopaiS. 754 scee eee eee 214 

Parslap pas esacsee esas ee eee ae 215 
praccisalis <0: (32 /setesee 52 22a 214 
punctilines.. {22 eee eee seseee 214 

tristiemMas. = <c5. Sassen sas 215 


Metamorpha dido......-....----<--+-se.--- 141 


INDEX. 


Page 
IMetanemaanopsiaria....--- os a-se-ceeeneee ss 240 
IM@UISCTISTAGHOAS: 5 2.-)cisie sas onnen eee eoeoeene 155 
Metopidia.emarginatas.---=-s-sceeeeeece es 549 
SOLGUS=.. 2-y2 souct Becitactence acre 549 
Metraga.collescftssas5 cee aces osc eeeeeae eee 249 
costilines s+. =.sdrtks te cceeescsee ee 391 
emilig-28 8-255 o.ceeeeeeeeree eee = 249 
DW Perplex te cee ecwincieie(siein= ae“ 249 
THDICOlOKes heen eeeee see eaeeele 249 
Mexico, new species and genera of lepidoptera 
PROM ee atlatiaaye teria ate emote ornare ae fetat tater ta (=~ 365 
Miantonota Canbing = -jaeeeeneee meee 230 
Mice, grasshopper, a systematic account of... 427 
Micrathetisidacilasecmeceescciseecee aiaai-- 179 
LACHION Saesee sae eee cee = 179 
triplexce nese e)eeeee ee eee 179 
Microbembex tarsalis.o...-ossceeeesceeels- == 516 
Microblemma discipuncta.......-.-.------ 191, 192 
TO PUSSe erect eee nee 191 
Microcentrunl divisuUM a... ee ees <<< 493 
Microlepidoptera from Panama, new genera 
PING! SAO EIO mecassoonsbocacucueeossososd 1 
Micromescinia pygmaea.........-.-..------- 347 
Microphaea nyctichroa..............---.---- 195 
MACTOPMeStiaeeree pease eee esses en seers 346 
animaleulacwese. cece scenes. 346 
Microphycita conops...---------:--2=-----=- 346 
Litillellaey ee ee ewescc ets: ces se 346 
MACTOLAPOMMINULA sss e sess eerie <i 250 
IM IGbI Ge a Seas Basan esos appaaebaasonouce 313 
alight ce ma setoe ac seicscteceescisissieer's 314 
INDI epoenoenasebacessacondsBeuEECeTae 405 
Constitubionellass=-4-s2+5-5--—-e-5 405 
Mammaloramilinecseceeees fees oateeecere ne 253 
Miselia centrochlora-......--..-.--..--------- 371 
Mnasithius simplicissimus............-.----- 155 
WEG NeRSGqd sa acoso denpsachancaspabssappocde 337 
Giny Gpellaeenree sess = heer seme ae eee 337 
MolipparsaDinken= sass cee eae eae 157 
Mollusks, littoral marine, of Chincoteague 
TRIB Yare| | Watyuteih oe jee aadoosboossosueccuos] 411 
IMOrODdeS SETOUN RS anos ee eee eee cee menace 180 
ay ge aan aa eee ARSC eS aaAaHdceaTe 179 
DAE DALOSSS. merece ee saci cee 179 
COMIMACOSLA spe ananassae 180 
GEIS} Kae eeesocdadeoescesssoccce 179 
SEI ase aaaeodoueabsesoadducmcadss 179 
GrGhO G2 GE eS onoscenceoecusuenesae 180 
OMA ae ce see a oe ae se seen 180 
MYOS CO ban oe cinaeis carne le wire iol 179 
ASIC OMG Nase ee eee ciacer is =I 180 
JERI ast eeoconencnpbeedecseosauce 179 
hithotelaesceccac sae cise seein! 180 
RINT CHORUS eee sees ala oat aeielalaseraioe= 179 
MIEN ALE es Soe annsSedasens 2aeeaNene 180 
TUNE O EYE as so pa assoeqeneoeoeoreonc 180 
NOTA PCA estates aye ole atari 180 
Monommata longiseta...........------------ 528 
ORDISwas ces teeeee ee iaeeeriesae 528 
Monostyla bifurea.........---------------- 549, 560 
[na Sosouobeaoasdeeasonaaedasee 547 
ClOStETOCElCA= = 62 - oe a2 = ee = 547, 548 
CDAD As soebadassanapogeosrece 544, 545 
@ncih iit) cs oseapeeeopEebeeeassocs 546 
Geciplenss-.- <<. = 2-2 - ~~ 548, 561 


: Page. 
Monostyiaifurcatea sot «cease sacs 548, 561 
hamatal. .<b.aececte ne aere tesa 548 
LUNATIS Le ean sea sssae ene 544, 545, 546 
monostyla-22s-s=e eee ee aetoe sare 560 
ObDtUSS. 22e2cc04. eco meee 548 
PYLUONIMNIS Sees esata eee 547, 561 
quadridentata 2... 42 -saeese ee 547 
TODUSUAs ce Sats aeciosi See eee 544, 545 
TUPOSA. cies sare aissionss Sieroter 548, 561 
THUNCALSE soe eco eee eee eee 547, 548 
WAN LO oso ae = ctetaaicterereae’e 544, 546, 561 
Moodnajsupplicella cen. -sem-c--= sees ee 342 
Moodnopsisidecipiens -a-js---e eee ee 408 
Morphoiamathonten-<ossace-c se eee eee ee 144 
peleidess--c25.-seseeee ee eter ee eee 144 

Moths, Noctuid, of the genera Palindia and 
ID VOM YX. sosctecececcmereisseicractaent eeeeroe 95 
Mugilicuremaenccescr- ces sicieoearateecces 662 
V2.8 aoe we sess ye sais cis a eee 662 
Mulelocha'sena:. 23.2 cssce<cemieeeeeerseeeeee 216 
Dilumulalisses-sse sess eee 216 
calligrammas. ose esas oe eee 216 
Celite foresee eas acieieee eee eee 216 
SUDMIGTA Se pace see ee eee eeeeee 216 
Maulinia lateralis: : 2-2 <)smstee sie sem oie 413 
Mulona phelina........... he slates s2s reels 167 
Murgisca diplommatalis...........---------- 312 
(MUS HMISSOUTIGNSIS == eee eee eeeeer er aee 438 
TMISSHIOUSIS=s5 see eee eee 438 
Musotima narcissusalis...........--------==- 257i 
Mussel, new pearly freshwater, from Brazil.. 363 
Miya ALON aria oe aces eeeeriee ee eer eee eee 413 
My ChoniaOxcishman se sec ce seer eee 240 
Miyelois(decolore = -n-- ee seein ee 326 
enzopherellacmree. se eee eee eee 326 
Mavicanse ce. feces ce aoa eee 333 
OUIDES see =e oie ee eae ee eee 326 
SOlitel ass eese sce ee see 404 
transitellas 3): o2<.eec-c-ceee seer 326, 404 
MODIS sees selec 404 


Myers, P. R., Results of the Yale-Peruvian 
Expedition of 1911. Addendum to the 


hymenoptera Ichneumonoidea.......-...-- 361 

WR OUR Co onqaasagcodebuoseeobeUesescscecanc 399 

Chatiiniss cec.sssseee eee eee 399 

Myscelus perissodora dc acts Speen eee oe 366 

Mysoria venezuelaea........-.--------------- 152 

Mytilina trigona....-. 2 -- 22. ems een = = 532 

Ventralis-\-soseee saeco neater 532 

My tilusjedulisei tec < scmen eres ee eta 412 

Nacoleia acutangulalis.............-.-------- 271 
DEUINCSCONS 2 sacs: 'clo) ore sie erat 27 

Canacealishe ccm sn eaaenese neal 271 

oraftsislis: .c- .¢ eee ee 271 

Gorisalistees- ees eee Ceeeeeeees 71 

indicatacece see s-eee eee ee eee eee 271 

marginalisse.-e—-=- see aeeee ee 271 

Mannalis?.2-\c--c-caacee eee eae 271 

pelealis.....-...-------------------- 272 

persinualis. .......-.------.-.------ 272 

schistesemalis = o-oo 273 

stenialishes icc2ac. se sae eee 273 

SY CABS a ata olen an wee ee ee 272 

VOR ALIS ine Sonos ae Soe eee 272 

xan phialis: -2-- mcs oo cea 272 


KANtHOGY SAUNA. a5 3 2)cic 2s oot t= = 272 


746 INDEX. 
Page. Page 

Naohbranchia:. 26 32..25 sc ccee noe eee eee 6574| Obrotisocellatas..25 2 56 Soa 204 
cygniformis.25 = eee 658; 663; | Ochlodes'samentaas. 42-2 oe eee 367 
LiZB0 safes gsc a Secencts saan ames 660 | Ochrodota pronapides....................... 173 
occidentalis. = °s--0 3 Aeeee ee oa 663 )*| -OCODS ss Ree ee ee aca ee ces 311 
INapata: lewcotelus: {25-222 sone eee eee 162 melanophila 3-251 j5sanace ae 311 

INaprepaicyllota: se: ~-</.-s-ueceeceaneer eee 226 | Ocypodidae and Grapsidae, new species of 
flexifenasce 7 o5s. acessories 226 crabs ofithefamiliest< —.... a2. ee 69 
Natada)saltas st ecosjacec anne eee eee st 250 | Odostomia (Chrysallida), species............ 418 
Naties pusilla. ic/s<.cscectecacacicaceeieleee ee 421 toyatanivcsce-ee: = 417 
Nawancostes: limnatis® -).--2..-seseeeceenes ne 226 (Evalea) pocahontasae.........-- 418 
Nayasotamyriolecta: 2. --.--ssas-teeee ance 347 Wireinica ; <ic5-sc epee 418 
Nawire lobatal ieee case ee eee cence 311 (Menestho) impressa.........-..-- 418 
INedusia placidanians mec cosceuaeeneecereeee 244% |) Odozana lencota ssc. coco saces5 4-506 eee 172 
Negathia comptata..s..- s2a=saceeee-oseeeee 230 SIXO]B [n3 2555 522 Soe 45 eee 167 
Nematocampa reticulata...............-...- 24014)" Oeeistes pectinilens= <2 -< 5.4.4.-\5.72-eeee eee 555 
Neoconocephalus guttatus............-.--..- 493 Tmibella sso omie eis eee eee 555 
INGOMANODIS 28 ros eis tice cicmmeriabeeeen 373) || Ogdocontaipulviliness- >. ease see eee 181 
thy Od eSeanecnccneee eons 373") Oixeticus jarb vil. ee eee eee 254 
INeostenichs thetish ase ecieonstcncee eee eee eee 2347 |/ Oleeclostera amoria: =< 2.. 2: eaten ese lee 227 
Nepheloleucaatomaria: <..2..2sncess eee ecee 425 | Oligostigma electrale.............22..205-222 295 
IN@nitOs CObeS jinn ick i Pence dese eae 174 MOM Italiss - oS see seep ee eee 295 
Neurophyseta mellograpta........-...-.-..-- 257 profusalis:.../-:<3250-2 = peeeeene 294 
IN OZTUA BrIsesi seas Socios re otros eee ame 173 purifactalis). \ i <-s5-2-46-e see 295 
Nicarcantharalscseacaccce enol eeee ae eee eee 142 Semimarginale occ: 24.24. seeeeee 295 
Noclosezehass atin scncccee cone eee 374 higrinale:. 321 auicis icra ste ns eeeee 295 
Noculaproxminmia so-so ean oeeee 412 Olyssa: GGrese ce Sees 22.2 ata aeeteee Sees 205 
WNodozanaalbulas* 3-225. 2 sscenn eee eee 168") Ommatochila mundula... -... --2..s2-2ccseee = 208 
Picturatalt<o.- neeee ee ee 168 | Ommatospila narcaeusalis...............---- 279 
thricophoras< &.6. 4-7 ee 168 | Onophas'columbaritve = .5--- 22-5 -n55- sees eee 154 
Nola aeschyntela = -4-7a:1-- - 2 ere ee eee 246 | Onychomysiarcticeps..-.-.-...2-----...<c--- 439 
aperays ate eee ek bene ee 247 brevicaudus ja ssciasces ee oe 439 
Artatasensfisnes ete eee 247 leucogaster: 2225 .-Keeecsacee ee 434,454 
Drimneiferasss- 2-2 ec52.00.Ceeeeae 246 albescens.....:..:---- 450 
Chauna sce. Gee chs sea ees eee ee 246 arcticeps.......:-.- 439, 440 
CONtorte. asain cases cons eee eee 248 breviauritus........- 453 
flAVESCONS 4-2 2230 ee ele 248 brevicaudus......- 441,443 
habrophiyes- 27 << 22s4-2eneecee eee 248 fuliginosus®-sseeese 447 
enopholepasassce-.s)... Lee e cee eee te 246 fuscogriseus....-..-- 443 
MIMPIMArOs< es ceweee Cee eee 247 leucogaster.....-.-. 434, 436 
prothy Marsch. 5.65 ccc sees oon one ee 247 longipes:.--sjssceee= 451 
Quinittessas 42%: Sirus h. Shae eae ee ee 247 melanophrys......-- 444 
ZOLOCI erste zoe he tose Saw oe eae 247 missouriensis........ 438 
Noordaesmeraldascecss. eth ee ee 281 TUGIOSAC S25 -naeeee ae 448 
Worape pundsecet eden cateeet ee seen eee aee 250 var. torridus.....-.- 456 
xantholophatcs- 22-2252 55-2 seen 251 longicauds. + .<2-- ees aevee eee 463 
Noropsis hieroglyphica.- . - ...::2-/) 5.22224. 2- 205 longicaudus tylarensis........-. 466 
Noteus militaris macracanthus.............. 530 longipes® 257. s.ces See eeeeeeee 451 
QUAGTICOIMIS:: <2/2 cee Reece eee 531 MACTOUS»” 2 Sch e Senet <sseaencs 469 
Notholes longispina x. .c28:ceaceeaces eee eee 532 melanophrys pallescens....-.... 444 
Notogonidea sternalis....<....25%2255--62-0- 519 puleher:<-=s.---sss<necasesseree 461 
INotommata auratace tice ssetses see oeeeenee (527 TAMONAs 2.2252 55s. bo aeseseeesees 468 
COnDCrUSEA Seeee nate ee meee eeioe 527 TUGIOSAO 2525/32 2cselsz apes aees 448 
COPCUSSs See ees eer ocean. 527 COMPIdUS! 52.5: 6022 aeabeeeeaes 454, 456 
pseudocerberuS=-<.-—ssecee-ee ae 527 arenicola: <5. 2sascmaees 456 
torulosave.s.528sesbsttess- cose: 527 CANUS 2 52:25 sdidqctsseleeeres 471 
INuiduars ee ee pasate ethene steer eeectes 368 ClaruS.s...<<a-e- seer" 465 
dractivittanumizo:-ceecs asses eases 166,368 longicaudus..........-- 463 
Nymphidium adelphinum............--.---- 148 MACTOUS 5 S.ssedeco-eree 469 
ASCOLAS shins eRe ede Ree see 148 perpallidus.2%_25----2 1400 
WAINISH See oh see ee 148 pulcher. . :.<s2.2se2a¢¢ 461 
MAT GUS Gest Ae rence mete 148 TAMONAL {<2 -eacees: ess 468 
MO] Pe hes eee ae es ok 148 Surntus;ieie eee ae e's 472 
Nymphiulahermessalis i. iass-heseue ese 286 ROLMIGUS 25. Ga enone 456 
Nysson (Brachystegus) guatemalensis....... 519 tularensis ccs ae 466, 471 
Nystales lophoceraic-cye2te cnet teen 223 VARIENSISS 5 eect 470 
TLV SCUSE oe re ere ee eee 223 yaklensis 22.3220 .22:sccce ose 470 


INDEX. 


Page 

Oospilairosiparas<- 552s seeeae atc ace eee 230 

Opmismmabplananisies a2 ogee eee eee ae 204 

Gistonicay sees essen See EE ee 204 

DUILAMIS see ee ee ee eee 204 

Ophthalmophora phrynearia.............-.- 238 

Opisthoxia molpodial 22)... cases. 24 238 

Mitidisquamass= ose es eee eee 238 

@raesiatexcitans sss s—sceeincciaeek eee Ce ae 203 

Omochanisroryllodes* es: s.5s-- soos eee 495 

Sauleyias coe cacns coast e eee tee 495 

SPeCies \3 SS. segs Sce kes eece ey 495 

Onphulnellajpunctata= eses.4-4en24-e2ee --- 493 

Oust Sao e eae ne UGH Be lorraemorcacccere 207 

Orsiphanescassiges ta) hia no eee Be ele 144 

AN WATACR Seo ssk co eeeaine eee es 144 

Onpnoleuciaralbilunay yo: 2 -oee seeereene 193 

Onihonopiaswiniacises...-ce- seer eee eeeeeeeee 137 
Orthoptera of the Yale-Dominican FE xpedi- 

ODO lal OES eae ase els Fee eal oat se 491 

Onizaralbocostalistaacescecnsee see seas -nscn se 379 

COSTAIS HS Saher tems teseacceeen ees 379 

LEU COBTADSISH asso eee eee eens 189 

Oryctometopia clevelandella.........-...-.- 331 

fosstilatellasennesenceneee eee 331 

Ostreavirginicahass.-n..ssrecaasce-cereeete es 412 

Otacustesisspericopidis!)-s------.2=ce-2c5e-- = 147 

Omy di aisixOlas/s.joe-e stem ne cose jose secitoeame 241 

traANSCenGensh as. .52c.<na- sss ececcrces 241 

a Ox-VRbHES COLUSCISH =m ai-ie < ins ae eile 154 

Omypenisthonestars = ss s<j5< <ccesiescenseen= ee 159 

@varpabascurass 25.0. acs sce < ces aeeee sees 196 

eating ces ceecoccceseseeceseceees 195 

Gio aony Sh oscastcotesannereasse sae ss 381 

hemitectas.. sae t ene he =e eee aac 196 

OplOraee sere ees eeaaeeere cena 195 

Semipotentiascnec.- ceo. sesce sss actee 381 

CHOTA Seok care oe ees en ees cares 195 

Paches:stipalbatussa-.-scicieiee eee eras wetseetese 153 

Pachylisa dincetaxsaa-cecc - = eu - sce eee eee ae 156 

Ai CLS BeAr ELS arose 156 

Mesh. sogessncesanosen sosSdacds 156 

Pachyodynerus nasidens.........-.-..------ 514 

Rach yplastisapicalis ==. 9 = see a lca 223 

Pachyzancla aegrotalis. -....-.<--2--..---.-- 280 

bipunctalis snes eeeee eee 280 

distineta.o.e6. ssa eee 280 

phaeopteralisis ss see see 280 

RAnNvHOmMeta- os s/522 eye eee 280 

Pe aeCtes CAMOLUISA yee ae = = seins nic coccinea alainintate 199 

AUISCESCONS! 252 oe scsc cise osc see eee 199 

Vika oib yy ee aaecdcosoncucogeseacee 199 

(UO RIM oA ook sentence scese secesceer 199 

Pagyda aponianalis.......-..---.-------.--- 281 

Tra@ucalise ce -seeseceeeee meee ssl 262 

Tet eo 7.8 Ay G Be eee see nee eeeieee eel eee 167 
Palindia and Dyomyx, Noctuid moths of the 

Malis sonecaccacco7 aso so seOSHoe 95 

Bd denSe =. =< eas seco eens sae 103 

BITISEE f= 52 oh erain sree meee aesiatel afore elel= 107 

URINE Meenas dodoncotoe-saasees 107 

MapASthabive ss. csasse=c = aclls 110 

SIDS e se oa - chess <isteremcisios ieee mee 110 

alotyitey, Sa eeeereatacdaseseeseceene 114 

CN) oYb i 9 a ee en ei riee™ ss i10 

AN MeT MH Cae nae ee ae ele tea erie = 104 


Atala aeee ee. cass cs ecco et 106 


Page 
Palindiaicandidae ha. 2s se) asec eee 109 
Caudatas se soo 8 Ae ek eee ee 111 
Chioriss.2 ee 3 ee 104 
coeruleilineas -..1-8 4 2o0cee-seaeee ee 103 
Corinetasn2 << e aan eo ee 103 
COPD e335 tac pe i 101 
Gelectacs.653- 354.52 cee ee 106 
detra cta sas ero cnath cere eee 110 
COV ata. oe aeasotee Sena eee 103 
dewitzitee = ..e- 55. aos eee 103 
Gian ay sees cmos aaacis soe 103 
GIVCG + ser Peet ee eee 100 
Gominicatas.< <5 .t 22 ae ee ee 108 
Ora a serra osluebi cites sciee See 107 
Omiligwe ee see secre sae eon ee 100 
GVAC ONS hates. eae ae) Shs sae eee 111 
OZTA ss eseiais o oe eis siete le erate) nee 106 
olin Sees scar ee eee 104 
fONMOSS 525 oes a ee ee 100 
furmata. aoe o oe 5. eerie eee 114 
PeMiNate s ccass: soso ee ee eee 108 
Siittatan sas secs o a eee 110 
Hebe ss caeeeecs eee eee eee 106 
Nermurassa 5 seen e eee eeeeee 111 
Ay Tia: 29). 5 cats sosdine gneeeaceeeee ane 104 
INfOTiON se es scceme Cl Mee eee Eee Ee 114 
JUNCIDAE ioe eaescee eee chine eee 107 
juliana tae aes 5a eee en one 107 
Vare aglaura a4 acacepeses 107 
jUNCINS coset ee 107 
1 AUK Fe eee ee Ae Gr ieee aaa or ESE IE ME 103 
mabisee wee ss Sietatapae eaten oes nee 107,114 
mapdalensisis is 2. scrcctas secniosceee 110 
MOrrickia. Sa. assess eaeciee taee 114 
MICCA Hoo. mame ssa nae eres eee 112 
MoOdestula z/j-iiec sac- ei cnsseeeeeoe 111 
MUStOIAs 26 sceccee es Sosa ee 103 
NNICACRs <2 Soc ce Soest cess seen 109 
Vals ODSCULS Ss. 0 soci oneeeee eee 107 
OIMAtae eosin stecsuscis aeleieeccmeseee 111 
persimilis = osss.=- =o =ectee eee eas 108 
primulina .. 3:52 cscerscecimaneeeee 112 
pulchella.-. 3. 222 jc scmoenin cece 111 
punctangulatasc—seesesee ees ea se 110 
TOCtimargo ns scree eee see ee 109 
TOMOXS oe Be F Fe oe cds sae eee 112 
TOPING £22 2 aaron sees wchaen seer 108 
Teticulate 2... s<.2.0o2 merece sto eee 103 
Sabinals.. css: leeebsasuceeereeeee 103 
SANTATCMIA. oo. oias <feoe eaeeeeee ne 109 
SCltR sn occcetcee sem he ae cee eee 113 
Serpentifera =] 2261.15 aeteeeeeerr 106 
Spectlabiliste neces eee ee eee 110 
stellac. oa.cstcace nes ce eee aie 101 
siridepunctas aoac5 5. se ereseceeeins 107 
siriatass.-- whe ote asian ane Pere 11) 
Striatania. .-2s-- see seen 112 
teligers << Ssecnkee aes 109 
ROSLACCICEDS ooo eee eee 110 
thecloides: 26+ ea ease eos oes 107 
variabilish 2 .etcene eee eeacres 107 
Win CON biattdans ce 2. = emer eiee aes 111 
Wiridissimasceen soos e eee eee 104 
Vivid Gottsecet eto Scotter 109 
Palphisincuniosdiec se ees eee eee 219 
SUDMArEMAiaeceie eee erent 219 


748 INDEX. 

Page Page 
Paméaruminas .s525s. seasoe ese es ee cee eee 253 | Pericopis angulosa irenides.................. 174 
Pammioeris uriopiss-s...s2ss. os soesee eee 235 marpinalist...¢+.eoe <a eee eee 174 
Panama Canal Zone, lepidoptera of the, col- Peridromia forenting 2.2.55. 35<05e eee 142 
lected under the auspices of the Smithso- fOPONIG .)5-wicos ace ee ee 142 
nian Biological Survey........--2--------- 139) | Perigeaalbidas ss .j.2-.'.2- sceeee eee eee oees 177 
Panama, new genera and species of microlepi- albigera. 34 oes. wa nee eee 177 
dopterafromlic tb. susesee bas asctemensce 1 Cupentiaucecc ois eee 177. 
Panama, Rotatoria from, with descriptions of hinéate sees Re eee 177 
NOW SPECICS 22 Yecsese sce seek masse eee eae 525 ATLL CS ec iene ee 177 
Panula IWMCOnstansSyecc oocce acne nese toes 425 Suter. Se ee eee 177 
Papilio erithalion=s2-2s2c0cccece esses eee = 139\\| Perimedeiannulatas'5-s2scsesos- oes 2 
GAMISS ! ses See heeaceaec cesses neeeee eee 139 particomella. 222 a-esee- see eeneeee 2 
Moly damAas x5n2-22 2220 2see eee 1'39',|/ Perimelesimemusss-c22 5-2 -ceee eae eee 154 
dominicus as-5-seere 424: || (Perdla: Villosipess.<- =<24. sae oe eee 250 
thoasnedcles! 32425 or1 eo saree 139 | Perophthalma tenera...-.......-s.csseesse- 147 
xanticles.....- Ria ha as he ee 189) || Betricola pholadiformis.. 222.22. 22eeee eee 413 
Parabrachiellas. n= eek me PAE ee et ce eee 713 (| ehacoides/aurantia_=s2.:.2.-2255¢s-+-- eens 412 
TOStTALA ALA cee eae eee 713. | Phaeochlaena tendinosa-2 2 22-22. see 244 
Paracarystus hypargyra..........---+------: 155 | Phalaena Bombyx ilyrias: ---.--.----22220.- 104 
Parachabora aby dasts. 255.2. 2262-eneeeeee.. 206 iperspicillas eee 62 
Parachartergus apicalis:=..-.5.--ts2..5-ss2- 513 Chiriowic so eee oes ee 251 
Parachmafervidaliiss.sesssn.soseee en ee eee 305 xeometer Striataria................ 112 
meterythra:. o2sicsstsnrse eee. c= 305 julianatas-2{2e2 ae 107 
tarachodes!* e222 t2esese sreeces 306 vineentiata i222. <2 see. 111 
Paracraga cyclophera:-i2-<2--5s62--eeee eee 253 {yrigiss sc kacchsecieshaace eee 104 
Paragoniaitasmiig-te<icnceemeaee eet eee ees 241 Noctua;ancea).. 532s eee 116 
ParaidesOChinisec tee seen eee eee ee eee 154 Corinna: s..<=Sas4- Sse eeee 101 
‘Param pigs eee eee ee ee es 999)" ‘Pharga'absorptalis-2<- -<- 2.5 castes eee 216 
glenealis’: eur aee se Ree eke sees 292 anG aca ses 3) ha. ne S52 fee eae 216 
gnomosynalis....... EEA ees ee 999))|) (Phedosia turbidals.-.e-e2 2 sneer 223 
Parangitia centrochalca..........-...------- $79) || Pheiastratiotes:s.a82 =). 22.2 asc one eeee 160 
circumcinctast:c6 ee eee es 192 tiga: ts seid cncied ee ee 160 
NTI OST CAE Eke eens pe eng 978) | (Philodina macrostyla:s--2-) ==-s-emaaneee eee 556 
SUDLULESCOUS See ee ee eee 192 | Phlyctaenodes autocratoralis.........-...-.- 281 
(Farany mpnavtoxenese ee ese. eee eee merseee se 207 Dbifidalis2s2 2h 32-28 see 281 
Paraprepia iuscilinpuascs. = soecseee eet ee eases 168 bifilalis:.:o.0.42 22 2 eee 280 
iparaspistis dolonchayes=-s-eseere sees eecee 10 helvialisnec.s222: sscaeceereee 281 
Palipigerasscties se cteteo-esea. 10 phrixalissss2 259 eee 395 
Parastega chionostigma.............--..---- 17 || Phobolosia'grandimaculase::2-.2----45-=eee— 181 
Curvatellajes So etek eee eee sone 16 My dronotumess. ae ssss2-s eee 181 
Miveisionellarn meee: cee eee tae 16 |, Phoebis agarithe,--. 5-25.22 csc sees eee = 140 
trichella:- 225-26 See eee se ces 16 argante + .23 502 s2:- eee 140 
Parathyris perspicillas ene. s--. ea. eee ene 62) | Phoenicoproctaz--2:==2-2-2--5+sseese ee see 160 
Paratry tone aphractoia-. <s-s22-2-s-22 see 366 paucipunctass.4--oses— eee 161 
Paro viaiparne IMS se steps eee eee 173 || Pholas (Barnes) /costatus <2. 552252222... se 413 
Paridnea holophaelis, -.--.-2.2-5:5--.:-.2- 112,303 | Pholisora simodora:.-..:-...-----2--22------ 367 
THONOMEKA Ho es eeesce eeee eee cae 303) |-- Pholus:eacuS.. )225- 285.520. ce enero ateass soe 156 
Passel pis oe ee eae Sk en Se eee eS 312 liegoni fast. see se sce ee ee 156 
KAN tHOUNITICalise.---seeene BpSacHaS 313 Vitis tes ci als cet edie ees 156 
Patalene hamiulatas.we es seotee eee oeee = F943) | Phriplonisidives sect -ccs-escnue- cess eee 100 
Patissa pany punctalis=essaeeese ses ses seen. 314. |Phrudocentra:pupillata.:3:- 22's: sense eee 229 
Pavolechinargenteaens= ones et se ecsee eee oe ae 21 | Phryganodes/albirenalis--.-----.-cessse=see= 270 
Pecten gibbus' irradians...............------ 412 clementalis: =. +..2ss6520seeoeee 270 
Pectinigerawi0lodis=s-o-se ee soe tee eaee ee 347 humeraliss>.tescs-cesseeseeens 270 
Padaligumiras Seo. Seo eco nce ee acer en occe 554 insolutaliss. -2<s:sssseseeee eee 270 
Pedal ion/Mira==<. se sss coke cose eae nonce 554 miartyralis 2. 4S eee 270 
Pedinaspis (Pedinaspis) margaretella........ 514 Milvaliss 47s 2S see ae 270 

Pelasmis reromajisss koe tet eee cee hee rte 312 originalis #2122224. 565352 eee 27 
Peleopoda:immperiella co 22. 22ee 2-2 ae - 26 prolonpalis 522 os.22--saee- es 270, 426 
lobitarsis!e 3 Ae eee ee ener 26 simialis: 2-025. 4 .2o ae cece 270 
Pellicia thiyestese: we eee ese ee eee ee 153 Varialis oy ete oe See eee 270 
Pentobosa xyhmoides=. -< ears se cce eee ne 224 | Phrygionis metalligera...........-.--.-..-.- 99 
Peosina MimMeriggs= cose eos eee eee em see 204 pallicostad 222 ssscesseees neal 238 
Pepsis/auranticormisss-oee sees e kee see ees = 514 quadrilineata-....-..-...:2.-2226 101 
Pereana poly gonarianesc5-2secse ee eee see 242 TOpAlIS: | 252 k's Sees seelseeee oeeee eae 102 
Périchinaytransmiprataes- 6 sees eeoe eee eece ee 426 Sotosas 24. 2esc. cco eee 100 
Periclinia triatrapataan-c-scs-.e cerecssenaee A265) || Se hiphensa Guraee eee nese sree eee eee 177 


INDEX. 749 
Page Page. 
TE) SCTE R foa d(b-<: ey ee ee ee eta 208); blatyiassquadricomisa-. see cee eee eee 531 
AMIN UNIS SA sees acted sane ee 2085425 uy miblatyjasanceadceci cma) se cecee cee eee eee 116 
pbyClodesiragilisis2 << csese use aetaeeee tons 41S rlatytesmbaynellasnes- wen seek ecm e eee ree 318 
REUCOGESIN = en ee eee hee eee 14a it Plectopterapoeyases scene een ance aoe ees 491 
DtOly Cay ./ade's =: =a.9-15 asa see ee tees 141 | Pleonectyptera albocostaliata................ 379 
GUNGiss <toas os )iscyec deere toe eee 142q\) Lleurotrochaysordidas--4- 442-2 soe eee 528 
ibeeitaralmonella.ss- eases eee eeeeeeeee 335) |p elodiay iInferpunctellac: ==--5see- eee nena 345 
ipbysocleora camerata =. 22.2. 5-1o-seice oer 2401 eb lusia\ rogationissi ss so sece ee eee eee 203 
CAPIUM A: 2s s2i5 < chejcrwield oats oe be 242 VOLE CA ess oae ese c eae ote eae ee 203 
LOW OV URES Seen ae a ea a 242) MElusiodes, laronia= see s-2- >. see eee eee 208 
Pusilla: Jo. edendseseckeecee See 243 | Plynteria centriponens............. BS OBESE 211 
Bierellalune-=, <2 asco ceamesencesencorcce 143 confonmensi2s.-)-)is2= cee eee 213 
Pieris Ose phase as cess seicicss cio sac <a ie eei's 140 contentas. 25. 2o\- ceca cece eee 212 
Rel Cah a es eeraeecse were veccloves = slate swteisis) = 140 conyphatacc ate te eee 213 
SAT PADUA eee sneer eer esos 140 Costalacaaia mies )-oseeine seeiese see 211 
mielonekaeer erce- See ee eee eee 140 Gilmisesse52 4245 ets Lessee 212 
MIONUSUOSS sees s'<\s,<1s 2 ca aeingareeeieeoes 140 extirpens== 5 sassseo sense eee ee 213 
[Oe HOSE ea esnacepeed en sashe aebeces 140 AOREHS=tjsd acy eencae eee See cere 211 
Biesmopoda'colummnella...--..-..2:--22------ 332 ITTESPONGONSye ess ee sae ee 211 
HMAVICANS). 2... csece asses ate eens 333 MAISOS esac sence eee ewes eens 212 
laidioni<jy esses secre cles ete ioe 332 melanopasa:.sa esos saece eee ee 211 
XAMGUOM OLA see ctee = ceeeenct= 332 Unitactasq atch e seen eee eee 213 
XANGNOVDOLYSE Ssceie sc aelaics clones 3323 oaphila “immanis ease. eee ee eee 208 
xanthoudemia.................. 333 pauculazsee: a-=-ee-eee SSDOORAE SESS 208 
ipiectoceraybulalis: <<< -feawstecccssccises see ce 280) OCOCELa ad OLESCONS Hema ease eee eemeeeieces 323 
simplicialis.o- sss." pepseeecen ee 285 atramentalis.. cs. seeeee tenes 322 
Stercovalliswi ssc. cce- es -c/sesesce ss: 285 ‘Dasigerases <2) seut las eS ah eaeaee 322 
PileLOgomaAsareOVONAliS= —.c2 seamen 274 CAapNOd ONss. akc teieceee see eee 323 
MLOVALIS s seins fssiceierner ease eee 274 sphaerophora io eaeresesaae eee ee 323 
PMI ANIS 2 Hoot =taicic isis oe rdisiisoieiscieisis is 2: Sa P OCOpAaSChia ss -eeeeaee acne ee eee 324 
PeHlocrocisaniormalisr secre cs n sh are ee eee 268 accelerans:)-).< sos 5552.se eee 325 
Chiorisaliseccermemecanscceeos sees 269 bellangulass et. soa 325 
collustralissssa22----csssescaseee 268 moCtuing S423 eee seen 325 
QDR S655 DoncdbopDonduDeHouccHoDese Sodom mboesiia inChicolliseeses-n sens seeseeeeeeeees 217 
Cry ptalis taemer eee eases ee seas 269 | Pogopus mictochroma....-.-..:---...---.--- 217 
cy clostigma =o.) s.2ssss- eso eee see 268 porrectalis.2s. 20h. spzeeeee toenee 217 
COCORA Meme cacte Seine see eee ae 269) Polistes, iInstabilis< meee acco ete eee ae 513 
NU RENNIE Soe sasencancmoscnel os sce 268 || Polyarthra platyptera.-...-.---.2---.--+--... 553 
INPUINGLISE: sh -\one ose Ose 268 [SBD SBE COBO amas ahedee Sacco 553 
modestalis....---..--..---........ 269 | Polygrammodes baeuscalis..............-.-. 279 
MAMOMbALIS Soe /a-tet nacre =e eee 268 Hercules sa. 5 teehee sees 280 
PUIMatalis esac sso coee seen esaces 268 hirtalis) lacs shee tees 280 
Ucineebt st bh pee eae SopeCSecobeS aseace 269 ostrealis-.)<c3Ss-eeees ase 280 
Pionea aponianalis. . . ... seheels sScaccensseces 281i Polymices:duplicatars=s.- sees - ep eee eee 421 
DE]ALIS So ee sis ence ee emcee eins 282,392 WOTOSs es te ee he Re ae 421 
ibicoloraliss: A.2 a esac ee eee 285i: Pompiliodespaliena-ss.-.-)-)-=n2 22 see eee =e 160 
GISCORMANS ae as sess eee eee 395 } Porpe bjerkandrella...-...2..2..2..22.--.--- 59 
epantihismareasscscecre cereeeeeeene 283 lamellae se some eee eee Cree 59 
etipaltisalis ects ecient aetisoeeee 282 || Poujadia cyttarella....-........ 22 55.0.--22-- 347 
ORCAS aes Ne «aps. a/s)siciisy selene sessions s 2528 lt Prones ALCS meen ce eet eee eee ee 424 
OXUydaliseeee tas cect einen sees e 282 NGLOtr ee hee TU eae eee 154, 424 
HARON, oo so peconaesceaccsseesceoe Z52esprepiellayjauleaterese = oaeeeee aes OBOE 167 
IbveghhaINQ So sasoaansencocasecoedeeeoee 282 | Prisodon brownianus .........-.-.-.-------- 363 
Sthenmymialis Se eceese= = eee = =e e er 282 lesProales SOLdida sss ese< oes eee eee 528 
SWARMS: soe sececsese cues ssansesace 282 Probrachiella.-0 2) ee Sia ee ee 716 
tACMIORIS seas se eee eereEeaace 282 QNSALINAC EN eo ee 716 
uhyanalis Aa Nabe RIAD oka beeen Sk a Prococeraivariellac.2--sss-<s. see eee eeeee se 403 
vinotinctalis BSDSER OOS oS Cm OD ane = 282 (Wanda) vandella......... eee 403 
lalbiooebh) Glar Gogeoge stesso soscceessaease 207 Pradania dolich 424 
Pianos ALUMS ek ess ce we ee eee TT ees ontario eae nets Sela Och 
Pr neo ei inal See ae 120 Prodesia mycha. S CBBC Regcoeobasae Scere ao neOuE 194 
Platoeceticus aphaidropa Cheer eer tees Ee ey 253 Proelymiotis apicenotata OEE SAG! OOS OSS 223 
Gostavicensis:. <i 22s ns lesen OF ERT O SUGGS bel =e eee ee 21 
eymnmaiCtastes sey ghavise Whee 254 InghochroOuide eee ees =e eeee eee 22 
Platychirograpsus spectabilis.............- 122, 123 maa eel eee ae ae 22 
GYMICUS! 5: cee vin eeeemee = 122 i ErorachiaGaria serio. cs enone ee 177 


750 INDEX. 

Page. Page. 
Prorifronsiantonias..-s2--ce=ee so =eeeeee 221 | Pyrausta rhodochroia...-..2...-2. 2-2 0222.2 283 
castulltuxee ccc. cece eet ee seen 221 ThOdOpe so503a Sse 284 
MANAS 32 2sh8. tse eee aS 221 stenialiss2o78ce0. 0 eee 395 
periavianays, ees eee 221 Pyrgus Syrichtusedene steerer 424 
quadrilinéatass2 tet SAL 221 |) Pyrinie” detractaniacs..o0:.e eee coe 232 
Proroblemma cupreispila.......-....--.----- 19L-:|) Pyrochlorarhanis: jects 5s eee 230 
philogonis: .2 eee ee IGF ||) Pyrrhofyra‘crameri: =.) 52.223-55 ee eee 142 
porphyrea>=<-.2--2--e- te ee 191 |) Pyrrhopyge phidisss).4.2-222. eS eee 152 
Proteidesiangasizs 222-522: ances ee ease 424 || Bythonidesicerialis).22.424s2-2 = eee 153 
Protoparce hannibalass.ceeee o-oo eee eee 155 | Racheolopha sarptaria.................-. ee esi) 
jamaicensisn 5). See 424 | Racheospila agenoria...................--.-- 229 
Psaliodes or0zCo0as.c- a= <--oe ee seme ose 389 albociliarias 2.225225 = eee 230 
Psammacoma tenia. << .25--as sees see =n 413 atrapes 3. 23. 222 sco. eee 229 
sephis:ministralis. 52051 eee es 257 aturia: 252522522 ss ee 229 
MLV EMNGOHANS 2 cu eee eee 258 CONCINNATIA= 2/2222 eee 229 
Pseudochartergus chartergoides........------ 513 delicatescens 223 4a ee eee 229 
Pseudocraspedia holopolia..........-...-.--- 186 INLENS Ae Jo's Sse ee ee eee 229 
Cb (07 £01 0: Se ee 186 ocellatat: 3. 2csanc isso eee 229 
mathetess- 225 186 Sigillaria 22 -ceeo eee ee 229 

SOGIS o acc) rots) eee 186 | Rathbun, Mary J. New genera and species 

Pseudodivona: 92.652. 23-: Ss Ree 405 of American Brachy- 
commensella::|. 222-2 -0- = 406 rhynchous crabs....... 117 

Psilacron macarisma 2: <-ocn-cws ese eee 387 New species of crabs of 

Psilocorsis eructiera:<...o-vtsse eee 5 -e = 25 the families Grapsidae 
quercicella 2. d 2c. seeee eee 25 and Ocypodidae.....-. 69 
Psolopterathoracica.< 2-0. c ose eee eee = 162 ||) Rattolusbieristatus 3... 25-4--52-2- eee eects 551 
iesoricoptera horas saseascee eae ee cece 14 pusilluss: 3233224. e eee ee eee 551 
Psychonoctuamulliferco]- eee ee eee 349 TAGWUSS Ace swiss cnet eee o Eee eee 552 
Gerrafitmay.< ste here ce 349\ |) Recurvaria favidella fs 225529225 5-25 cesses 12 
Pterbemia excissa: och. yas eee ee 217 PUvel la cae Ss NPR ae ll 
Pheroding incisasos. >see ee ee oe wa 553) |) Rejectaria pharusalisss 525 s-2252sseseees eee 218 
MuUcronatacssea ase ee ees ole ss O04) sPROLMIS US eae tee ac atecinre eee eee eee omens 336 
patina st LA severe eee 554 HRCI we wera ne oni se ae ee eee 337 
irilobatasce vse ee 553, 554 VOR ose trce cent aa ae ae 337 
Pteroprista albipunctalis. .....::..22...:2.-. 218) Remigia(disseverans.-- 2.2 -seoce soe ease ees 209 
Etochostolasincanellus: 4asse ote eee 317 latipes cs23 22s so seer ose see eee 208, 425 
DYLMACUS) oe ae eee ee ee 317 mMarcida sc. 22.30 s5.see soe 208 
Ptychognathus guijulugani.................. 69,71 MOPAS Fs ocaccssnw cae oe nse eee 425 
Btychopoda adipata. ao... oet. cence Dobe MRD iCd =. seee sae tete eae e aaa eee 309 
cedricas:<.22s ee eee: 235 inchoalis's <)'. ccs: «ses essere cee 309 
clothulas.i2- 09s ee ee eee 237) | Restidialssv. 3552 2ccscoeescesece ee see eee 299 
PNAS 5 75s eee ee eee 235 TUNA sso Soe sees eee ne ee 300 
horrifica ss ssesseeee tee eset 235 ||| oRhabdodryasitritess.. +2 scecsn scone eee eee 140 
ONCAS./ 2020-2 cicareee ee eee 236 ‘|| Rihsesenaneliasalis! = 2522 asco2s scan eee 214 
SINCErION cco hee ee 236 ZOUM S55. no= \c]o a se tee a eee 214 
SUberinibacn thas eee 236 I) Rhindomas...0 jacsseccccmeceees cee eee coos 24 
PAUPTIMALL Os. eee ee ee 236 TOSS DICE As ccew cee see eee aes 25 
VWaoe a2 = Sorc mci aa ae eee 236) || RHINO pIA Walls csc cescew sea eee oe ee ee 497,500 
ZOMUING <<. soca surcctas Sees 2ooe Pa RTINthON als. Soc ocse cop cose eee eee 154 
Ptychotrichos episcepsidis................... /’ 163 | Rhodoneura mescememna.............-....- 255 
Pty eure ilonzipeses seers. 2 ose 555 pammicra...-- Sse eee ee 255 
pectinitere aes. fee ee ee 555 paullulasoo32 0 .c35seae eee 255 
Pyenoscelis surinamensis.................-.. 491 thiastoralis....-.--------....--- 254 
Pyralis maninotalist <2 soecse eee eee ee 320 Rhomboptila brantsiata..22--52-- 2-2. -sees 241 
niprapumcta.- 562.20 ss eoetee 321 | Rhopalum angulicolle................---...- 521 
fiilastoralis7-c... see nde o_o 254 Lae ae SB eaten ea ae = 
Sys ale CS eased ee negates sees 283 | priosologia didactica........2sesauueoeae 386 
leans Pe ed Wage ONS EN PT BEG “2 Stigmaphiloso:- = i222 25-04 see" 386 
rage tame aen eS La O80 ||: ivida foetias..02-scususeee<s) ae 225 
flavidalis Pee aia itis ie named tal 283 Rhynchopyga flavicollis......-.-.-.--.-.---- 162 
insignatalis.......-.-..-+-+.-----.- 283 | Rifargia chocotoa........----------2+2-2-00+- 424 
Hopasialis 75.0 so. sanssoaqzauseneee 284 CONT fe BAe ae eee 226 
mellinalis ..2s2ss2e 42S eee 283 distinguenda-.<s-sc2-2 =e seen 225 
MOPSSUS Sc tose eee ae = 283 IMYCONOS2 52222. 520s = J- oa ee eee 226 
Ploimalis 25 ssc. ose eee 284 PISClU Pp iaesee sees ate eee 226 
postapertas.-.csoenecsce sero eee 396 PIGSDY LCA os alae sosiaa mae teesieeenes 226 


INDEX. May: 

Page. Page 
Roeseliaatypicd.j-acciace ose cer ote cere eee 24656 Scardiaboletianemcsscas 45 eee ee 65 
bifiliferate ca520-ce< sane ee eee 244 Minim elas es sess soe ee 65 
hypopecta@s.sosseacs esse ee eee 245 | Scaridium eudactylotum...................- 551 
Melletes Sssisinso aise Jao ode 245 longicaudums.2s45452 bee eee 551 
Mmesoerapha wewiecc senses eee aces 245) |) Schacon tia) iyo s 503i 400 
MICTOPECEA = iasc:acaieisiciataieeee ne OS 245 chanesalis; 52s: ccasesaoeete oe 400 
POCbAL Lecce aa ee 245 medal bass fsscenast eee 400 
pedantaackiciisce ser es 245 MOPliCa 2s ess eee ee 400 
POrMmitenss.--ees-sse eee e 245u wSchenectadiases: sa-2 a5 cto o= sty eae 348 
polyodontascee.-eseees tee enee oe 244 mienilesella S525. eeeee eee 348 
Rohwer, S. A. Vespoid and sphecoid hy- Schisturis salmoneus.-.-............2..----.- 607 
menoptera collected in Guatemala by W. UNCINATUS So core ae Se ee 680 
IPs Cockerelliseccecseas sone tbas ee sccs 513) |) Scoparia pusilla: 2 ssyoc7)-0-cu a ee 320 
Losers acirites tease wen cee nee 227) | SCOp era MiAacisalis: ors Hee see eee 218 
Ce Olis eee eh ae ON 227 | Scopimera investigatoris.............2:...... 84 
Hales tase sek Hod bonne 297|| Scoturaleucophleps) 22... ----.22 52a. see 244 
PUlWaPeUHIS eee an See eee 227, wecy balista potentalis-- 22 ue ss eeee ll 260 
IMALONANS 2 ee sce scan eee oe 227 semiforrealisian eee ese eee 259 
(Rotana macnimasse ese e ese cece seein 556) |e colenashermelna sss -o-ne pace ee eae eee 207 
MEP UUMAS ley see ee eee ete 556 SUCK Orie tela ieain ciaintriviere selene are eae ae 207 
Rotatoria from Panama, report on, with SUCFOIDES = \5s22 aera ee eet ee 207 
descriptions of new species.............--.-- 525 | Semiothisa accumulata...................--- 239 
Rothschildia lebeaut-..--t...-< 2.5222 ose-c se 157 achetatat:co<cu-nen deans eine 240 
RotiferMacrurus esses -e see sece ee oee noes 556 arenisacecad sane sees 240 
Rupelaalbinellasssessssesse reese tse se eee cae 314 bejucoarias= a eiae Stee ee 240 
Sacadodesipyralisi.\teisseceeins sess See 181 CAF GINS - icc -<scuee sees eee 239 
Paccopleura catocalis-/=-.-.-cs--cs2soee ene se. 297 CARDO Rca be natn ec eee eee 239 
Sahlarminta- sect cee eecawes see e ee pat eee eee 207 diffusataiics.2 5 eeee ee eae Se 240 
Salmincolaibeanis22 7.21. <2 ssc eevee neces 615 enolatacdo1-cs-tescece seers 239 
Dicauliculatay.s2-£.-cs220 esses 612 INTUSAtA Sse ae Benet eee 240 
califormiensis (aa see csee see ees 605 Josefariag i525 502 at eae eee 240 
carpenteri: 24.25.35 sa-tese 2. oo 616 Nigropunctatas-seseEseee ene eee 240 
Carpionis\s= <1 scan MESS eee 606 occultatas: (cesses enna ee 240 
ed wardsiiees.4ses- 2. eee eee 595, 609 orbonates cs ac 4 eee 239 
falevilatas-...s53icees eee 613 pallidata=s-3 52.5.5 - eee 240 
gibbersieu-cco-ee screen 615 perpendiculata.......--..2...2... 240 
INGLIS Ses. ee See 581,614 San taremanialncseececee ee sees 240 
oquassacée..3.e oe ees Gli iSemiyra bella lessees ae snes eee ene 249 
Salmonedss ssasacee eee eee 604, 607 gladysers* 25a eessesee eases 249 
SiSCOWOt=>-hs.2 5st eee 608) mSenniaauritalisss ope ss... css eee eee 312 
thymallises es csener ee nee 581,613 Subauritalis (f2 oj. cscs eeeeeeenee 312 
Salmo mylkisso2 5-0-2 2seccescn taine eeeeeene 617) SCRMNCIA Sera seeds see se cae ee eee 168 
Salobrenaldicelas:2.+ 6sc-5-ce eaee eee eee 297 metallic vases eee eee eneeae 169 
VaCUAa: Luc wiseaee peso on ete 297) || ;Sesarma cinereum= 2.2.2: 2s sascha eens se sene 125 
Salpinanventralis=s.7-sc. seems seer aes 532 (Holometopus) limbense..........- 69,79 
Nalvelinus fontinalise--sse-. pss eesee ant 609 tampicense......... 124 
OUUASSA ae ho ke Sls 611 IGN Elgeconacudsdeecepuas berebeiaa5e 77 
Samcovaidamias csc eeee See eee 299 miersils ios) so se seb eeeae tenes 125 
Sameajiehloristalissscce ao oe 264 maOd eS HUME ashe eee eee 76 
Q@cclesialis =ey eg SRL 264 (Parasesarma) dumacense.........- 69,80 
TUTE ALIS oe escent eek ad SNE Pe 264 moluccense jamelense 69, 81 
miultiplicalis- 22 cce-see-s cacti s oe 265 panguauranense. .-.. 69,81 
Sameodes actealis s222-a-eece ese sae ae Se See 279 SOMPOM Fe- osc bscs eae see eee eee 77 
SaozaNaeewarscesascceseceeenc dco eee ae. 172 (Sesarma) aequifrons............... 69,76 
1OUCOLAtS Saas cee sts ties eos eee 173 edwardsi philippinense. . 69,76 
Sarosaimorace occas sees eee ees aes eee 161 (avis = eee eee eee 124 
Sarotarchnysus--sscssesecce == 2 eee 147 mindanaoense........... 69,75 
Saurita phoenicostictas----------=--e-sesece~ 161 palawanense............. 69,72 
HOMGNUS So Swat cose an ee 161 Cechune een pee eeee eee 69,78 
tIP Mina) sch eee ae eee ores 161 verleyic 52s eee 123 
Sausalito Peninsula, California, the variations wIcentenseseeseereeseeet ee 69,74 
exhibited by Thamnophis ordinoides, a gar- taeniolatum.3 2022 ssseewene eae 73 
ter snake inhabiting the..............----- B51" | Sesiaifadusi oo 23 -S.a2c84 genes ee eee 156 
Scadaexanthinass-e oe cscs oho eee eee 145 Uta soo ocice Sa ssecie ae ee eee 156 
Scapharca campechensis pexata..........-.- 412) |} Sienlodesspostponens=---<asceeeeeeeeeeeeeee 255 
TANSVOLSA ss <viss sw aisais sees ceesisss ALD Ni Siga PYLON 2... oacciciscke ce waie sieiesioeeeeaee ae oe 313 


752 INDEX. 

2 ( Page Page. 
Sigaretus perspectivus. ............-.-------- 421-\ ‘Stenoma lituras..¢ Shes. --s ne a5 ce eee eee 39 
Silaon iresinid@S); <c.ca< -<clasoeesiosicieeeae ame 517 mateinata./--25-e6 se oe eee eee 22,38, 49 
Sinantherina spinosa. ..........---------+2- 555 Men dorone! ics 22) ee eS 43 
Sisyrosea sphasias-.5 06 -= <.-met seam see 250 menestellan eee case eee eee 49 

Giana. eet Seat e e cicero aces 249 MINOM sac savas cake ae ee eee 49 
(OPIN Mee see aobenmoobunce neces Soace 250 mitratella. =: 1.12.55 aeeha eee « 46 
Sitotroga cerealella.........-..--.--.------<- 1 OSLOS sme see eee eee 43 
Smithsonian Biological Survey, lepidoptera nivilifurella-— 3.25.02: + eee 49 

of the Panama Canal Zone, collected under ochropais Gs=.es22 e55 eee 49 

the auspicesiof the: -- ~~... .ta-sse4aeee------ 139 pallulella. + \A7a22s ao eee eee 47 
Sostrata leucorhoas-seesecs-) seeeeeeeeeaee et 153 phytopteraea. Sas hisee ees 44 

Sointillans = ss<ccccr acinar. 153 plumosa 3-3-2262. Saseebece oes 47 
Sosxeinayeratiecssec epee seeter eee oee aan 203 SAPAK: < ssoicccisescceer-cees eee 40 
Spargamia gigantalis..............---------- 426 simplex ie: <--- 2c <0. - 62 esse eee 49 
Spathilepia clonius.........-.--------------- 152 SPCPAGUM Sooo < -ci-e eee ee 42 
Speocropia aenyra....----------------------- 176 striatellac = nese esc -a eee eee 47 

leucostictas-.e ce. sce eee 176 tristrigata: 22... 5-35sseeceeeeeee- 51 

TANG Bene asta siecle eee ere =r 176 trochilosticta, <=) 2.2 -e2 accesses 42 

Sphida pleostigma........--.-----------++--- 377 VONAUUINIES alec miatecome ee eeree 39 
Spilomela discordens. ........------------++- 269 Viridis =i. -soseee dace 42 
fimbriauraliseeeesoce. cence aeeee ee 269 VIVORS ~ <toscitie<osiecigascan ae 40 
MeLSpicataencs-e- eee ee eee eee 269 Wividella. --...ce5--j<seasee eee 43 
POCONiAlissee sno. - = ee seeee ee 269) \Stenopaschia eo. eo oe meee = ease eee eee 325 

Spisula (Hemimactra) solidissima. - . .------- 413 trichopteris...2- 5352 325 
solidissima raveneli.......-.--------- 413 | Stenoptycha pterophoralis.............-.... 284 
Spododes auranticolor.......------++--+++++- 390 | Stephanops muticus. ..............:...--...- 551 
Spragueia dama.......-...---0+++----0e2-22 198''|, Sterictaiscopipes:-2-.-=--..----c= sees 324 
Squatinella mutica........-.-+-+--+---+-+++- 551 | Sthenobaea dyopsata..-......-..------..--.. 302 
Staphylus evippe.....------------ees2eee00=- 153 | Stictia guatemalensis.................:--.:-- 517 
TMAZANSH So 9oey De eee 153) ||| Stictoptera clarass 2o 0 2 ener aeeee eee ae 200 
Stelopolybia angulata.....-...-----------+-- 514 heterogramma...........---...-- 200 
Gyannensis. se seeerre= nee 514 VA Coe saadeaosecsccdag= cacisn RY 
meridionalis). sce sueeeeeeeeee 513.|, stitia areyropolia.: 25... seco ace 376 

Stenia acuminaliss 2-2). -.----seeeee eee aa 286 iticyS...-.---------+0-e eee eee eee eee 375 
ibenetinctalises+ sees see eee eee =e 397 tachymora....-..--.-------+---+++-+-+ 375 
Clubs ess Soe ee og5 | Stiriodes nydar........---...-.-------------- 376 
Gactalis eee eS 285 SUDSenVIONS. o-205--5- >= eee ee 376 
decline Soe een ec ee 985 | Stizus godmani.....--------------+--++------ 516 
eientalis@ccee cen cee. ek ogg | Strauropides persimilis..-..............----- 177 
gelliasalis Say ache sare rcic eb ton San tetas 285 Streptopalpia Geera....-----2---eeeecsee--<- 311 
hypherochalis. .........222..022220005 285 | SONMNAR = o--2-ersrte- osteo os Wee aag aeons o48 
pulveralis 22iti0.5.c30 sual eee eee 285 COFAG «cc< <<< 27 aren tear ae 344 
Samealises: cee ene cae es eee ee 286 PYUIS. 2-2 2- =~ 2+ <2 +222 eeelee ee 344 
Stenodynerus huastecus...............2--0+- 514 | Stylophorus hippocephalus.......-..---.-. 602, 653 
totONAGUS =. 2 ee Gee ene. 514 Sufetula diminutalis ee eee eee eee eee ee 259 

Ntenomla acroniliss sees see ae cee cieeciocia cee 43 hypocharopa SSI IS PASS Sine eae 259 
peslocoplalt. Gis iecssote ees 41 hypochiralis..............-.-------- 259 
affirmatollass.o as eae see 2 51 | Syeotypus canaliculatus.=: 3-42... s-eeseeoe 413 

aphnning eit Coe spsm EO 41 | Sylepta amando.......-.-.--------+--+++++++ 273 

apicalis: = isle sarees ee sese ese 43,44 calanticalis.......----------++++++++- 274 

TREC is Cha ene a Taee Meee 45, 46 dioptalis.. «2 -0=2-------esreoteraacee aie 
DOVIOl lee eee ss hohe eee 50 Ol6Valase eee eee ae eee 273 
Carboniiersc cst sc eeceetonereaececes 48 excelsalis....-..-.-----+--+-++++++-+- 274 

Ghloring.: 5202 tae e ee eee 41 Bordialis.-*-=22-//-*2-eo> stage oe 
Glacipennistea 29362 52852 2s 39 imbroglialis.'. -.---+1=0=- 2p oieaaee ae 

Aiscalise Mock ee ee 46 laticaliss. 2o- 2 --ciein clon let === weiss 274 

CITT ee net Sue 52 Silicalis-. ~ -2-'/<~ <3 er Paes 273 

Pe ein arte cet peared Bopae UI A 40 eimimaialis . - -- 2-7-4 snr esorbe rar ee 

fonestrat ia. o ete eet ote 44 strigicincta ete miami aa = (al oieinis ateletatel iterates 273 

Filsferslig eo. ree eer os cel aes 36,49 | Symphysa amoenalis.....----------++++++++- 260 

fFONG OTe ee ee oe eines ows 42 | Synchloe hyperia..-----------+-+--+++-+++++++- 141 
fomipennis:. icc.) ee eee 45 lacinia......---.---------+--------- 141 

Dictlg ieee Se ooh 43 | Synchlora frondaria. ...-----------------++--- 230 
lampyridella............-2-2---0-+- 24,41 | Syngamia abnormalis. ...-..---------------- 263 
leucothen 5250.0. eee 50 aquaticalis....----------+--+------ 264 

lintel ese see ceecisae see ninec cetera 51 flapellalis-- <<< << <<< -miewieiceisivnis eves 120d 


INDEX. 7538 
SS ne La 
Page. Page. 
Symigamiialorella tess - = assesses ssos- se =e 2649 theclaaufidenas case: so-so eee eee 149 
Morepictae nese ser ae accesses 392 BOOM 2.20 2 Aa oe incre st Sy a ea 149 
haemorrhoidalis..........:-.-.... 264 buricas tcc eeee ee eee ee 150 
Tinie verbere yey SSO Soe ce bene o Reese 264 Callides2.2 sao cist. see ae 150 
melgnobathrum = <<. ....2---5--2-- 264 Cerata chase noaeee cise s soe eee 149 
Depitalisheeree eee eee 264 climicles sa eisase sees eee ee 150 
mUpricmetalisey ea-to- sasece eo see 264 CY Onat eco hae eee eae ee 149 
Sclapraphalistas (cee saseceecee 263 GaMOsseeceececese ee ee ee 148 
EytTUSAlIS he epersa i re[asisieisatos comin = 264 dolylasicc.\scescstere se os. ae 149 
Syntomeida syntomoides.......2............ 424 Cchioniaseeee eee BO Aaa Se See 149 
SSS MIM x MOMMNA Seem sistaristania seme eee «ees 160 Glimeseze scence es a eee 149 
PDO Am Neca acrele etnias ihalsinig Seioeeeeie los 321 CLICUSRES ces cmec seen ace ao 149 
AIMS). oevatina ea sa se eiaee stem se 321 Memon sec se se ae ee eres 148 
Machychloralepidariae.as--71--4-+sse-0e---2- 230 heraldicars. 222: oe. ee eee 151 
Machyphyle mailestens./.- 1. -\sceie 4 4= ae one 228 HOSPOnibis eee ec oe ee 149 
Oleasber = sjsceato == eee aces 228 IMIOS CAL Mice eicioere clear oe eee ee 151 
OWI SHOE coseooescoasnocscsoosuEC 229 otohebat.2-2a-ckes eu eee tose ne 423 
achysphexicockereliges-2 2 s-eaeseseceeces 518 palogonee eee ae eee ee 149 
FRAG ENS IWISUSS<(- oc =. seins cinjsoseweeee eee 413 phaloros:2seee eee ee 149 
RH DNS 5 cossedbsbosbonoscqesaonenss 413 Politust.<°— eees See eee eee 149 
RAPINGESISELP ESUUS soamias'-\-\-e tas aes eece 155 posetta sa. 2 ja So a eee oe 149 
pEalanaymMelAaNOStictas ese-aesaist= -aisiein eee eee’ 169 Salonas 2% cece eee 1 ae 423 
BALES OSU Aereteystateleletaeste emia otal aera ete te 170 syncellus: fess eans eee aa eee 149 
minynthadiacos ta) oases 169 CAPOM 85ers Ree Sae ey 149 
MONA OSes ewaie eda sceesintssncenas se 170 COP ARIA ci) Saas eases epee oa eae ae 149 
Phaeel la ke cent tear yarac eee eee tole = 169 treébulars sesso esas eee Beeseee 149 
WER S Goopeeneaceosse sascecousss 169 RETOLD sees se eee eee ee eee eee 149 
Malimaysiramineaine=s-ecaec sna deneee ess 2A Reape toloriim ess eee ae eee 148 
NAM pPHANA MALMOLes <A sasoccceces esas 227 WAC BIMUS? cscs sceetne coe Seem eine 148 
Tarachidia carmelita. .....- Sa eee 1S/ar |e heriniaihonestasce: -eseesce eee seen ae 159 
ayeetisandrometas cecseus.cscacseae tee esee 143) Ehis PO ALOMaGa ec neee esa eee 148 
KET CS eryase se eee ser asaesie eee eerie 143 | Thompson, Joseph C. The variations exhib- 
Tegostoma dinichealis................--..--- 284 ited by Thamnophis ordinoides (Baird and 
Begiliters mesectaliisis\ercis sot nese se neat 320 Girard), a garter-snake inhabiting the Sau- 
metemiadesamphirons seeaeneceeeece sees 152 salito Peninsula, California................ 351 
Melphusavlongifasciella. . 22 ceo cms cesses eee 1 See Dhomsonellacs eee eee ee cee eae 649 
medulellamercaneesenssee eee eeeence 15 parkerity, mec ce canscea see cee eee 649 
Obligate secs ssc sem aaeescistere otis Le hUDhonybesiivydixaccesssccs see eect eer cce ee 367 
Tephroclystia magnificata..................- 38947) Dhracid es aromacene tes. sen eee naa e Reasons 155 
Tephrosia madefactaria.............-...-...- 425 | Thymelicus athenion.......2/..:..-.-.-.---- 154 
Teratomorpha albifrons. ....-..--.---------- Slee Dhynmicolazierlenines merase sess ee eee 602, 703 
chilibrellamessceereecse ee see SU Dhyone)enisescenSseeeene see ek Se see eee 165 
Meratopterisigiganteaceesss- == 5-2 eea-ee se 159 Simplex ssou2csmss een eo eee oes 165 
Mere bra CONCAV Masse aasane ener eee eee al 413 | Thysanopyga apicitruncaria................ 241 
MISCOIRTA asec see eee eee ea A137 beThy SAN OLE ces sceeccas attee nas oer ee 650 
MerasialbUlat sca ssccce aus nse eee aeeinscenees 140 appendiculatas..s---5---eees-h-er 700 
COO Dada sdescbecocecbdendsAbesRGoncode 140 lon giMang jaya soeisa= ses aces 651 
CEC) Se Gee Ben Spaoee Sa ReanBaRCn oe 424 poMacanthiln sss. -4--e ee se aes 650, 651 
GING oe Soe Sado eam es senor acme Ade LaVelle Thysanotella sacs cncsps. stones eee eee 651 
EWMLER DES ane sat eee eqcobodteasobose: 424 multifimpriatas ss. .---2se—sse 652 
Wed Ares e renee eecacee etn neaeinee 1400 Se himestesichironsscemscea eee aaeeeaeee eee eeee 142 
DeTSISLCHS Sesame ee eee ame e eae a4 1) || PMimora verrucae s 5.12 = seein ce oss eas 370 
[RANE an cdgocpodsenacansenocednenece 1402 nhineocephalayjudisesssasss) ssseeseeae esas 221 
Meshudinella incisas se ssemeseee as -eecee ees sup allel Noob |aas\o: Bee eet Sec Sat fae ee Besccae 347 
Intermed 1aerece eases ee eee 554 MY ROCs a seeemeer tein esters ecece sa 348 
MUCTONALA ss jee eee eee eee os dhiopadovealisss wcmacecstiks sacischaseese cere 322 
[OHNE een cep occensssoosSaqsese 554 Gersilla. <2 a2. ose see ee ome a ceane 322 
trilobataveseenc see eeee ee asee Ooo | kiphiaitrichiosomac s.ses- nesses se ac eee eae 514 
Tetracis atropunctaria......-.-..-.--.----.-- PAO Nl TpPeCOBer cesne. see swocea eet cree kes oo ee ae 398 
MetratoceraleLy Calas m= sess sels ee 206 INAS oe soe eer eee ee eerie elses 398 
Mercenaceucehac nee aoe eet eae en cine oe eine 1635|o-Lithoreahippothouse ee eeeee tees eee 144 
Thamnophis ordinoides, the variations ex- @ithraustes haemont,.-.-—smeeeee ease cee 244 
hibited by, a garter snake inhabiting the TolypemexiCana sscjess sos ea-eeeceaee seer 221 
Sausalito Peninsula, California..........-.. 351 NANAS eee eee ese see ae eee eee 221 
BharvellatmiginOsa =) s2-- = =i == eee e 155 SYHOOCUlS Seer eee ae eee 221,388 


34843°—Proc.N.M.vol.47_14—_48 


Page. 

Malypetarda -. 2 soe ee es eer 221 
WOMENS see ate fen See ete 388 
Mornatinaicanahiculatary. .. 2. cess setae 413 
Mornos Penumbrosaec sso. = see = eee 243 
Moronia adolescens=. 222 4-casss esas eee 349 
infantalis:2.5 225.23 -24 essere 350 
TorotaMmbe 22 asc = eee eee 306 
mirghellass cece sec eee see 306 
Roriyracuprmella.- ss. -sse se  eae eee 57 
ferratellavas sce acseesiesabiaaest= 58 

ful PONS See ee asses aaa eee 58 

Mesale oviplacalises 2-11-22 sleo eee ee 298 
ErACNOA Sty Cideea a2 4.2 ci-iel =o -laintein 2s see 377 
rachelisstes| Pleas =e os cae see eat 645 
STANGIS oo 2 = =e oe seen 645 

MACUIAUUS acme e ae =e aera 645 

Poly. colpusiae ee —--se-= eee 645 
Stelliiens:.«-cwaaseaiseslaeeeer es 581 

Trachypus mexicanus...........-.---------- 522 
TRA aXe OSes es noel eieem oer See 217 
TTrisrtihraloneiseta = sles as-is soe eee 554 
Trieentra collipatasoc.. o--ns-mee == eee ee 234 
Trichocerca bicristata. -aca--—<e-—0=— ee eens 551 
Mitida sees ee See eee 551 

pUSillate sees. 5 sees 551 

TALIS Nee eee ee ee a aeceteteee 552 
MrichotriaLOwachise sacs esas =a = Emel 551 
Trichrysis tridens..........---------------<< 514 
Triclonella determinatella..........--------- 32 
percandeells se scee aa. eee ee 32 

sequellas --seeececeen ee eeeea = 32 
Triommatodes padrina.........-.----------- 208 
Triphoris nigrocincta........-.-------------- 419 
Wiad sone ae CoG ae Goce moe sob = 419 

Brithyris PICO -c. eae sls oles = = 265 
DEGLIOSALIS ase eeceeneeaae ee 265 

Seyllalisha se. aston a ae eee aia l= 265 

Gpiortlit 6s ee aGesoceaseconemoooses = 265 
Dritiacrivibtabaece sana ea-isaee Renee 413 
Trizocarcinus dentatus.......-.-.--------- 117,118 
MrOchUGaupUEA = = apse rsins a aainaieeertiaaee 223 
Trogoblemma cacodoxica. .....-.------------ 378 
MOODS LA sea eee eee ees 378 

Trogotorna persecta.........-.--------------- 195 
irosisacce kD Delessan eae ae scene sees 2 
ATPONTCAS Sasas == ae eee ease =i 251 

ID UE Re Rep Oe O nme a es a= occgnoocdaGas 251 

RICO OTA seo ae raaiese eee eee tata <i 251 

PYM PAMIAE o eos acine cae miniaaiaa mania 251 
Trygodes merta......-2 32 2-cssecncmcen-cce- <= 232 
Trypoxylon aztecum..............---------- 522 
MOeMICANUM NS eae ae seee ae 522 

‘Lurbonilla (Pyrgiscus) pocahontasae.....-.. 415 
powhatani........... 415 

SPGCIOS: ass apae= nee 417 

toy Stan. 4.-eeeeaa 416 

Wir GiiCa es a eeeeae 416 

Tympanomerus ceratophora....------------- 85 
Orientalisaeaceas: <<a - eee eas 85 
philippinensis...........--.- 69,84 

PUSS. 5-ce ee eee Sere 85 
Stapletonioea.-sseesee eee ee 85 
Wibidaierotaceipars..ncse-seeccsccsemmem eee 318 
ANON OGISa] pace see ee ee te einai eee ee 318 
MGOLVMAGCE MALS wel cies eisai 319 
SEBIGEAN Ss ae Sactes cere mee eee rreraees 401 

BNLY OUGUS sees sere oe cee se eee ela 318 


WM eCaMATACOANi osc cook see nce cee eeoeemaiecs 126 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Wear monilifers <\-cce- e102 =) yee See ere 126 
MUSICA! ee meeite ste oe eee ee eee 127 
Stenodactyla:«.22-5-seeceeheteaseeeee = 127 
stenodactylusi 3. <7. 3- se eesg es eee a= 127 
ileus lurss sos. oo 25a ee eee 370 
Wihiosoms discoloralis=-~ 22 -- se 2 -ee aeeee ee 310 
THOdOCSIS=2< 22 35 Scjsacee ee eee 310 
Unduziacistind ates -s--> .sepee eres 252 
Wrania ful zenses. 22-3 een oes 25, 244 
Urepione quadrilineata.........-..-.-------- 240 
Urosalpinx cinereus... --.--..-.----+--25----= 414 
Wissara decoratella: <= =. <5 omc eee 59 
@liniitrellase se aan eee eee eee 60 
enryibmiclla: = -- =~ <2 sees eee 59 
TOpletanaes sons. 2 o-- sas 60 
Witetheisavonmatnixe ss) a.--<-—45-eee ee 424 
VGHUStA see =a.ass eee eee == 174 
Vanbenedenia kroyeri......-.-...---.------ 644 
Varneria nannodesece.---4-05-s.45-eeeee ee 346 
Visas) 2h, SEES oop ae ae 70,71 
altimana. 222000 === 22-52 eee eee ee 69, 70 

dentate: <<<. 2-2.--- -.cesenseseeeee 70 
litteratas. es s-c- ees eee 70 

ODY Xs 526 sees oe sep aioe oneal ona 70 

molleni seo se eee = ennai 70 
spinicarpus.....-.---.-.----<s--=--=- 70 
TOMONTOSA ee sian cen seine 70,71 
Wehilitis VGHOSUS eee «nee oe weciceene tetra 155 
Venericardia granulosa.........-.----------- 412 
(Pleuromeris) tridentata.....-- 412 

Venus mercenaniaescese ss ass sees aa 413 
Vespola plumipes.......--------------------- 184 
Wild oe ea as oe eae eee eeeeeer 193 
VIN GICIA= se eeeeer sae aces anes 194 
Vipsophobetron marona....--.--..---------- 250 
Wir bis OLolas cas = =e ces niee aes eae 173 
rosenberegi - <<<. - <<.=-=<a see -nen~-= 173 

Watnol bye atst em soondeeessacoope aac cota se 338, 339 
malacellassi2 25-5. see e niger 408 

TUSLO eee a a2 soe owen etl inate nite 338 
fabOP Geass een= sae latt rete octets 339 
WVorticellanielises...- 26>. seemeiasleie minim = 529 
Walshia albicornella. ............-.---------- 2 
amorphella..........-.-.----------- 2 


Wetmore, Alex. <A peculiarity in the growth 
of the tail feathers of the Giant Hornbill 


(Rhinoplax vigil).........-----------+------ 497 
Wherry, Edgar T. Notes on wolframite, 

beraunite, and axinite..........----------- 501 
Wilson, Charles Branch. North American 
parasitic copepods belonging to the Ler- 
naeopodidae, with a revision of the entire 

fAMIly ae sano oe owso eee isl lea 565 

Wolframite, beraunite,and axinite,noteson. 501 

Xanthopastis timais.........----.----------- 175 

Xanthoptera aurifera.........--------------- 198 

botycidese------ssseeeee eee 198 

intensificas <2. aseee eee 198 

nigrofimbria . -..c-25-44--—-eo= 198 

Kantippe erna.......----------------------- 303 

POLilia sees. sche ee ee 304 

Oli VAlSeeee see een eeee ence 303 

SUS WIS sees ieee eee ace 303 

ATOSCO. eae toes =o aieimreewsiets te 304 

Lng tot GAP RE ROT EoeRO Sn OCrEE moSsonc = 304 

Xylocopa brasiliamorum.........------------ 132 

Xylomyges eridania..........-..-------+--- 177, 424 

SUNIQ ec cceae sce cnnscoreesasen 177 


INDEX. 755 


Page Page 

Xv lOpHANeSII Dy Aue cee eeses eee ee a 156° | Zaboba pyraloides.-..... 22.0. ...0..c002.-... 400 
MCACHUS Sowa. seme eee 106 | PARI ASIR IAS Some nee tts ee. <a eae 329 

Pistacinalssey sc y5c- epee hee we 156 dixolophellases--ae eae ae 329 

DIULO RS eee. ok eee 106 ne ZaimanNiaY seco ucts a ek hee ea 302 

JERE Bane eae An aa aiemmm Oi tae fd 157 dimorphalis=ea--=.552 See 303 

bilana Joo Ni. cece eee ee 157 | Zanclopteryx subsimilis..................... 243 

Ture tae eon cameron Mee oe 157 Unifera tas. soassiee aaa 244 
Yale-Dominican Expedition of 1913, hymen- LAO NOTARO 25 oUt eb a aed 227 
optera collected by the.................... TST Aa parase certs eee ea ee ee mT 390 
Yale-Dominican Expedition of 1913, lepidop- SY vilase <2 oes ace 5 oe Pe 390 
COLA LOf GHG sos pe ee ey he Lea) nn ellie oak 423. |) Zotesiinailasiay i. 2 shou, laa 39 
Yale-Dominican Expedition of 1913, orthop- POKLENLOSa 25a ee ee ee ane 39 
Cera Othe. areas dete cec ate See ere 491). Zethes wumibrata: stevia... 0.4.0) ee 425 
Yale-Peruvian Expedition of 1911.—Adden- Zeuzera comisteon...............-........... 349 
dum to the hymenoptera Ichneumonoidea. 361 PYTACM ON emcee cence ena eee 349 
oldiailimas tiilaeeeeees aon ee eae 412 PAM OSAE oe ces cietarek ants Gey ace eee 349 
Yosemitia didactica......................... 408 | Zinckenia perspectalis fascialis............._. 260 
pMiniasilineataren sso: ce5e ses ena 208 | Zophodia dryopella.......................... 337 
ZEDOD AS seen see teas he nec), Dae een, 399 | Zunacetha bipartita................0........ 244 


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